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Geremew AB, Gelagay AA, Bisetegn TA, Habitu YA, Abebe SM, Birru EM, Mengistu TA, Ayele YT, Yeshita HY. Prevalence of violence and associated factors among youth in Northwest Ethiopia: Community-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264687. [PMID: 35917307 PMCID: PMC9345350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Violence as a known serious public health problem affects people in all stages of life, from childhood to the elderly. In society, one of the most visible forms of violence is young people violence, whereas they, adolescents and young adults, are the main victims of such violence. There was limited information on the burden of violence and factors among this age group. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of violence and its associated factors among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted to estimate the magnitude of violence among youth in Northwest, Ethiopia. Data were taken from the mega project entitled assessment of common health problem and risky health behavior among youth. Youth violence was the dependent variable whereas the socio-demographic variables and substance use were the independent-variables. The bivariate logistic regression model was employed to identify associated factors. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine factors associated with violence. Results From the total 1765 representatives of the youth population,1597 (90.5%) youth participated in the study. Overall, the prevalence of violence among youth aged 15–24 years for the last 12 months was 21.5%. In the multivariable logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with violence were being married and divorced (AOR = 1.77, 95%CI: 1.13, 2.79) and (AOR = 5.67, 95%CI: 2.93, 10.99), respectively, living with mother’s only (AOR = 1.85,95%CI: 1.28, 2.66) and father’s only (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.30, 4.63), and substance use (AOR = 2.38,95% CI: 1.56, 3.66). Conclusions The prevalence of violence among youth was high compared to other studies. Special emphasis Should be given for youth violence in order to manage the victims as well as for preventing and controlling the identified factors through strengthening policies and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alehegn Bishaw Geremew
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Addis Gelagay
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Telake Azale Bisetegn
- Department of Health Education and Behavioural Science, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Ayanaw Habitu
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Mekonen Abebe
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetie Melese Birru
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Hedija Yenus Yeshita
- Department of Reproductive Health, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- * E-mail:
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Eto K, Sugimoto M. Parents' Initiation of Alcohol Drinking among Elementary and Kindergarten Students. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8040258. [PMID: 33801717 PMCID: PMC8066751 DOI: 10.3390/children8040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Parental experience of initiation of alcohol drinking has been identified as one of the early causes of alcohol drinking in preadolescents in many countries, including Japan. This study identified the association between parental alcohol-related knowledge and the initiation of alcohol use among preadolescent students in an urban area in Japan. Self-administrated questionnaires were distributed to 420 parents of kindergarteners and elementary school students, of which 339 were filled and returned (response rate: 81%). The parents' experience in initiating alcohol drinking in their children and their knowledge about the effects of alcohol on youth were explored. The requirements for drinking prevention programs for youth were also investigated. The result showed that a significantly higher proportion of parents of elementary school students had experiences of initiating alcohol use in their children compared to parents of kindergarten children. The parents' knowledge regarding the effects of alcohol on youth showed no significant difference between the two parent groups. These data indicate that the age of children is the only factor as opposed to parents' knowledge. We also found significant differences in the requirements of prevention programs between the two parent groups. The results of this study can contribute to the design of alcohol prevention programs for these parents, which could reduce the onset of children's drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Eto
- Department of Nursing, Yokohama Soei University, Yokoyama 226-0015, Japan;
| | - Masahiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Center for Minimally Invasive Therapies, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3351-6141
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Riccò M, Bragazzi NL, Vezzosi L, Balzarini F, Colucci ME, Veronesi L. Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Tick-Borne Human Diseases and Tick-Borne Encephalitis Vaccine among Farmers from North-Eastern Italy (2017). J Agromedicine 2019; 25:73-85. [PMID: 31456505 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2019.1659204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Tick-borne diseases (T-BD) represent a potential health threat for outdoor workers in endemic areas, such as the Autonomous Province of Trento (APT). We conducted a questionnaire-based survey to assess T-BD knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices among APT farmers, specifically focusing on the use of protective habits and the uptake of the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine.Methods: A convenience sample of 106 farmers (all males, mean age 47.3 ± 13.6 years) attending pesticide training courses (12/2016-03/2017) completed the anonymous survey. Binary regression analysis, calculations of multivariate odds ratios (mOR) and 95% confidence intervals were used to assess knowledge, attitudes, and risk perceptions as predictors of preventive measures.Results: Though general understanding of T-BD was fairly low, the majority of the participants perceived TBE infection as a frequent (73.6%) and severe disease (61.3%). Overall, 43.3% of participants knew a TBE vaccine was available, and 24.5% had been vaccinated. Protective habits were reported by 53.8% of respondents, with self-checks for tick bites particularly low at 2.8% of participants. Better knowledge of T-BD and favorable attitudes toward vaccinations were associated with TBE immunization (mOR 4.708; 95%CI 1.273-17.409 and mOR 3.555; 95%CI 1.175-10.760, respectively), while previous history of tick bite and any interaction with T-BD significantly predicted adherence to protective measures (mOR 4.458; 95%CI 1.808-10.991, and mOR 9.433; 95%CI 1.127-78.973, respectively).Conclusions: Adherence to preventive measures (TBE vaccine) and protective habits was unsatisfactory in our sampled group, being a possible consequence of significant knowledge gaps. Public health communication on T-BD in farmers should, therefore, target understanding of health issues and appropriate preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Riccò
- Department of Public Health, AUSL- IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Service for Health and Safety in the Workplace, Reggio Emilia (RE), Italy.,Autonomous Province of Trento Department of Prevention, Provincial Agency for Health Services (APSS), Operative Unit for Health and Safety in the Workplaces, Trento, Italy
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Postgraduate School of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luigi Vezzosi
- Azienda Sanitaria dell'Alto Adige -Comprensorio di Brunico, Servizio di Igiene e Sanità Pubblica, Brunico, BZ
| | | | | | - Licia Veronesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Association between drinking and victimisation among Finnish adolescents: estimating the extent of the spurious effect. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2017. [DOI: 10.2478/v10199-012-0009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This paper examines how the frequency of adolescent drinking predicts total violent victimisation (while sober or intoxicated) vs. victimisation while sober. Background The general correlations between alcohol use and violence among adolescents are well established. However, the nature of the association is less clear. While some findings show that drinking predicts violence in general, others claim that drinking predicts violence only when the offender is intoxicated. If the latter is true, the association appears causal rather than spurious. Recent research led by Felson has examined the issue with respect to adolescent offenders. The purpose of our study is to apply the same methodological approach to adolescent victimisation. Data The analysis is based on data of 9th graders (N= 5,775) in the Finnish Child Victim Survey 2008. Results Our findings suggest that there are gender differences in adolescents’ alcohol use and victimisation. Among frequently-drinking boys the high risk of victimisation is attributable to violent situations while intoxicated. Among girls the connection between the frequency of drinking and victimisation seemed mostly spurious, as the girls who consumed alcohol often were victimised also when sober.
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Chan GCK, Leung J, Connor J, Hall W, Kelly AB. Parental supply of alcohol and adolescent drinking: a multilevel analysis of nationally representative data. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:560. [PMID: 28599649 PMCID: PMC5466780 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing research on parental supply of alcohol analyses the effects of self-reported parental supply on adolescent drinking using individual level data. This study examined the contextual effect of parental supply of alcohol on adolescent alcohol use by examining the association between the prevalence of parental supply in each Australian state and adolescent alcohol use using a multilevel analytic framework. Methods Adolescent samples (Age: 12–17) were drawn from the four National Drug Strategy Household Surveys (2004, 2007, 2010 and 2013; N = 6803). The prevalence of parental supply of alcohol, defined as the weighted percentage of sample who reported obtaining alcohol from their parents, was estimated in each state and territory across the four surveys. Three multilevel logistic regressions were used to examine the contextual effects of parental supply prevalence on adolescents’ alcohol use in the past 12 months, weekly drinking and heavy drinking. Results Overall, adolescents’ rates of past 12 months alcohol use, heavy drinking and weekly drinking between 2004 and 2013 were 40.1, 14.4 and 6.4% respectively. The prevalence of parental supply was significantly associated with past 12 months alcohol use (OR = 1.06, p < .001) and heavy drinking (OR = 1.04, p < .001) but not with weekly drinking (OR = 1.03, p = .189). The results were adjusted for gender, age, socio-economic index for area, place of birth, survey year and prevalence of peer supply. Conclusion A high prevalence of parental supply in a region was associated with heavier adolescent drinking, regardless of whether adolescents primarily obtained their alcohol from their own parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Janni Leung
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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Alzghoul MM, Shakhatreh MK, Al-Sheyab N. Unintentional Injuries and Violence among Adults in Northern Jordan: A Hospital-Based Retrospective Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14040343. [PMID: 28338614 PMCID: PMC5409544 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Injuries (unintentional and intentional) are the main cause of death and disability worldwide, including Jordan. The main purpose of this hospital-based retrospective study was to identify characteristics, causes, and risk factors of unintentional injuries and violence among all adult patients who approached the Accidents and Emergency department because of injury in Northern Jordan. Data were collected retrospectively from four major hospitals from January 2008 to January 2013. A total of 2425 Jordanian individuals who accessed and were treated by the four hospitals were included in this study. The findings show that the majority of patients who approached the Accidents and Emergency departments in the four hospitals were males (n = 2044, 87.16%) versus females (n = 301, 12.8%). Violence was the most common reason of injury (70.66%), followed by road traffic crashes (23.21%). The most common anatomical locations of reported injuries were the head (38.74%), followed by abdomen/pelvis and lower back, among males and females (9.93%). Violence had a high significant effect on the site of injuries. Patients who had been injured to the head because of a stab wound or fighting were substantially over-involved in head injuries, with injury rates 3.88 and 7.51 times higher than those who had been injured to the head due to gunshot, respectively. Even patients who had been injured to the head because of assault show much higher involvement in injury risk than non-assault patients (Odds Ratio = 8.46). These findings highlight the need for a large national study to confirm the findings. It also draws attention to the importance of public awareness and to special injury prevention programs that not only focus on saving lives and lessening the number of injuries, illnesses, and fatalities, but also to limit the social and economic burden of injury among adults in Northern Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal M Alzghoul
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health & Behavioural Sciences, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada.
| | - Mohammed K Shakhatreh
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Nihaya Al-Sheyab
- Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
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Chan GCK, Kelly AB, Connor JP, Hall WD, Young RM, Williams JW. Does parental monitoring and disapproval explain variations in alcohol use among adolescents from different countries of birth? Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; 35:741-749. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary C. K. Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Jason P. Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Faculty of Health; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
| | - Wayne D. Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Ross McD. Young
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health; The Royal Children's Hospital; Melbourne Australia
| | - Joanne W. Williams
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
- School of Health and Social Development; Deakin University; Melbourne Australia
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Salonen A, Pajulo O, Lahdes-Vasama T, Mattila VM. Stable incidence of surgical treatment and hospitalisation for humeral shaft fractures among 0- to 16-year-old patients in Finland from 1987 to 2010. J Child Orthop 2014; 8:143-8. [PMID: 24554130 PMCID: PMC3965768 DOI: 10.1007/s11832-014-0568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies among children experiencing fractures report an increasing trend toward operative management. In the present study, we examined whether the same trend has occurred for humeral shaft fractures in accordance with increasing interest toward intramedullary nailing and other operative treatments. The number, incidence and treatment of all hospitalised 0- to 16-year-old patients with humeral shaft fractures in Finland was assessed over a recent 24-year period. METHOD The study included the entire adolescent (0-16 years) population in Finland during the 24-year period from January 1, 1987, to December 31, 2010. Data on hospitalised patients who sustained humeral shaft fractures were obtained from the nationwide National Hospital Discharge Register (NHDR) of Finland. RESULTS During the study period, there were a total of 1,165 hospitalisations with a main or secondary diagnosis of humeral shaft fracture. The incidence of hospitalisation due to humeral shaft fractures was 4.8 per 100,000 person-years. The incidence increased only slightly among girls from 3.3 per 100,000 person-years in 1987 to 5.3 per 100,000 person-years in 2010. The incidence of reposition and casting was 1.1 per 100,000 person-years and the incidence of reposition with osteosynthesis, including intramedullary nailing, was 1.4 per 100,000 person-years. The specific incidence of intramedullary nailing remained low with no signs of increased incidence, and the incidence was 0.3 per 100,000 person-years. There were no significant changes in the incidence of surgical treatment during the 24-year study period. CONCLUSION Despite an overall increasing trend toward operative management of fractures in children, conservative management remains the treatment of choice for humeral shaft fractures based on the low and steady incidence of surgical treatment during the 24-year study period. In addition, the incidence of hospitalisation for fractures remained low without a significant increase during the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Salonen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Pediatric Clinics and Pediatric Research Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - O. Pajulo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Clinics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - T. Lahdes-Vasama
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Pediatric Clinics and Pediatric Research Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Teiskontie 35, 33521 Tampere, Finland
| | - V. M. Mattila
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Trauma, Musculoskeletal Surgery and Rehabilitation, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland ,Department of Orthopedics, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Skärstrand E, Sundell K, Andréasson S. Evaluation of a Swedish version of the Strengthening Families Programme. Eur J Public Health 2013; 24:578-84. [PMID: 24078373 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckt146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents' alcohol consumption is a public health concern in Sweden as well as in many other countries. Underage drinking is associated with increased risks of alcohol-related injuries, risky sexual behaviours and dependence later in life. Different strategies have been used in the effort to prevent this behaviour, and to postpone the onset of alcohol. The Strengthening Families Programme 10-14 (SFP 10-14) from the USA has been highlighted as one of the more effective prevention programmes. The aim of the present article was to evaluate the effectiveness of a culturally adapted Swedish version of the SFP 10-14. METHODS This was a cluster randomized controlled trial including 587 sixth-grade students (age 12) and their parents in 19 elementary schools in Stockholm. Schools were randomly assigned to either control (9 schools, 216 students) or to the family skills training intervention (10 schools, 371 students). The SFP Swedish version consisted of two parts with seven and five sessions, respectively, held separately for youths and parents except two joint family sessions. Measures of students' self-reported episodes of drunkenness, smoking, illicit drug use and other norm-breaking behaviours were collected at baseline (March 2003) and at three subsequent yearly surveys. Data were analysed using multilevel models with an intention-to-treat approach. RESULTS No preventive effects were found for smoking, alcohol and illicit drug use and other norm-breaking behaviours, nor did moderators affect the outcome. CONCLUSION The Swedish version of the SFP 10-14 was not effective in preventing youths' substance use in a Swedish context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Skärstrand
- 1 Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden2 Department of Clinical Neuroscience, STAD, Stockholm Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Knut Sundell
- 3 Department of Knowledge Based Policy and Guidance, National Board of Health and Welfare, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Andréasson
- 1 Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
AIM This study assessed whether adolescents' socioeconomic background, health and health behaviours are associated with later risk of poisoning hospitalization. METHODS A prospective cohort of 54,169 Finns aged 14-18 years was followed for an average of 10.6 years. The end-point of the study was poisoning hospitalization, death or termination of follow-up in 2001. The relationships of socioeconomic background, health and health behaviour characteristics with poisoning hospitalization were studied with adjusted Cox's proportional hazard model. RESULTS We identified 443 persons (0.8%) with a diagnosed poisoning leading to hospital admission. The mean age at the time of the poisoning hospitalization was 22.7 years. The strongest risk factors for poisoning hospitalization in males were more than three stress symptoms weekly (HR 1.9), poor school success (HR 1.9) and not living with both of the parents in adolescence (HR 1.8). In females, the strongest risk factors were more than three stress symptoms weekly (HR 2.1), poor school success (HR 2.2) and recurring drunkenness as drinking style (HR 1.7). CONCLUSION Poor school performance, health and health-compromising behaviour adopted in adolescence are associated with a poisoning hospitalization risk in adulthood. Daily smoking and recurring drunkenness were strongly associated with a later poisoning hospitalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho E Kivistö
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
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Lavikainen H, Salmi V, Aaltonen M, Lintonen T. Alcohol-related harms and risk behaviours among adolescents: Does drinking style matter. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2010.499492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Peleg-Oren N, Saint-Jean G, Cardenas GA, Tammara H, Pierre C. Drinking alcohol before age 13 and negative outcomes in late adolescence. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2009; 33:1966-72. [PMID: 19719795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has shown that adolescents who begin drinking at an early stage in life are at greater risk of developing alcohol dependency, as well as a variety of negative outcomes, for instance, delinquent behavior. Most of these studies have focused on those who begin drinking in middle adolescence, but little attention has been paid to youth who initiate drinking under the age of 13. Twenty percent of adolescents have begun using alcohol by the age of 13. The purpose of the study is to examine whether initiating alcohol use before the age of 13 exacerbates negative outcomes in late adolescence. METHODS Data for the study were derived from 2 school-based statewide surveys conducted in Florida: the 2005 YRBS and the 2006 FYSAS. The sample included 12,352 11th and 12th grade students divided into 3 groups: students who initiated alcohol use under the age of 13, students who initiated alcohol use at age 13 or later, and students who never used alcohol. RESULTS Results showed that after adjusting for gender, ethnicity/race, and grade, adolescents who initiated alcohol use before age 13 were more likely to report problems with school performance and display delinquent behaviors (carrying a gun, carrying a weapon to school, and recent marijuana use). CONCLUSION Although no temporal relationships can be determined between drinking alcohol before age 13 and delinquent behavior outcomes, the results suggested that adolescents under the age of 13 need to be included in national epidemiological surveys on alcohol use and more efforts need to be directed toward the implementation of prevention programs early in elementary and middle schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Peleg-Oren
- University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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Skärstrand E, Bränström R, Sundell K, Källmén H, Andréasson S. Parental participation and retention in an alcohol preventive family‐focused programme. HEALTH EDUCATION 2009. [DOI: 10.1108/09654280910984807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gelaye B, Philpart M, Goshu M, Berhane Y, Fitzpatrick AL, Williams MA. Anger expression, negative life events and violent behaviour among male college students in Ethiopia. Scand J Public Health 2008; 36:538-45. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494807086916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To assess the prevalence of violent behaviour and to identify risk factors associated with violent behaviour among male college students in Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study among 1294 male college students in Awassa, Ethiopia was conducted in June 2006. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information concerning violent acts, anger expression, and sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression procedures were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: More than half of the students (54.3%) reported committing at least one act of physical violence during the current academic year. Academic year of studies, use of khat, a natural stimulant with amphetamine-like effects, anger proneness and stressful life events were statistically significant covariates associated with committing acts of violence. Seniors, as compared with freshmen, were less likely to admit violent behaviour (OR=0.46; 95% CI 0.30—0.71). Those who reported using khat were more likely to report committing violent acts (OR=1.46, 95% CI 1.02—2.08) than were non-users. Students with moderate levels of anger expression (scores of 11— 14) were 3.40 times more likely to report committing acts of violence (OR=3.40; 95% CI 2.42—4.79) than were those with low levels of anger expression (scores v11). For students with high levels of anger expression (≥15 scores), the corresponding OR was 7.62 (95% CI 5.15—11.29). Participants who had experienced ≥4 negative life events during the current academic year were more likely (OR=2.41; 95% CI 1.58—3.69) to report violent behaviour than were those with fewer stressful life events. Conclusions: Screening for violent behaviour and violence prevention programmes, particularly those in educational settings, should include strategies that address students' stressful life events, anger management, and substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bizu Gelaye
- Department of Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary International Research Training Program, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA,
| | - Marc Philpart
- Department of Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary International Research Training Program, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Miruts Goshu
- Department of Community Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yemane Berhane
- Department of Community Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Annette L. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary International Research Training Program, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michelle A. Williams
- Department of Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary International Research Training Program, University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Skärstrand E, Larsson J, Andréasson S. Cultural adaptation of the Strengthening Families Programme to a Swedish setting. HEALTH EDUCATION 2008. [DOI: 10.1108/09654280810884179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Frederiksen ML, Helweg-Larsen K, Larsen HB. Self-reported violence amongst adolescents in Denmark: is alcohol a serious risk factor? Acta Paediatr 2008; 97:636-40. [PMID: 18394109 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the prevalence of adolescents' exposure to different types of violence (at home and outside the home) and associations between severe violence and alcohol consumption, taking account of gender and the influence of other factors. METHODS A multimedia computer-based survey amongst a nationally representative sample of 9th grade pupils included comprehensive data on exposure to physical violence, use of alcohol and additional socio-demographic and behavioural factors. Analyses included gender disaggregated cross tabulations and logistic regressions. RESULTS Around 9.3% of girls and 12.3% of boys reported being victims of physical violence within the last 12 months. Also, 2.7% of girls and 3.5% of boys reported severe violence. Gender differences existed in place of occurrence; girls were more frequently assaulted at home, boys outside the home. Alcohol was only associated with violence exposure outside the home for boys, not girls. CONCLUSIONS About one-tenth of adolescents in Denmark reported exposure to any physical violence and 3% to severe violence during the last year. Alcohol consumption was not a risk factor for girls and only a risk factor for boys regarding violence occurring outside the home.
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Winqvist S, Lehtilahti M, Jokelainen J, Luukinen H, Hillbom M. Traumatic Brain Injuries in Children and Young Adults: A Birth Cohort Study from Northern Finland. Neuroepidemiology 2007; 29:136-42. [DOI: 10.1159/000110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Mytton J, DiGuiseppi C, Gough D, Taylor R, Logan S. School-based secondary prevention programmes for preventing violence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 2006:CD004606. [PMID: 16856051 PMCID: PMC8842960 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004606.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early aggressive behaviour is a risk factor for later violence and criminal behaviour. Despite over 20 years of violence prevention interventions being delivered in the school setting, questions remain regarding the effectiveness of different interventions for children exhibiting aggressive behaviour. OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of school based violence prevention programmes for children identified as aggressive or at risk of being aggressive. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched CENTRAL, Cochrane Injuries Group specialised register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, other specialised databases and reference lists of articles. We also contacted authors and organisations to identify any further studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included trials meeting the following criteria; 1) participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups; 2) outcome data were collected concurrently; 3) participants comprised children in mandatory education identified as exhibiting, or at risk of, aggressive behaviour; 4) interventions designed to reduce aggression, violence, bullying, conflict or anger; 5) school based interventions; 6) outcomes included aggressive behaviour, school and agency responses to acts of aggression, or violent injuries. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were collected on design, participants, interventions, outcomes and indicators of study quality. Results of any intervention to no intervention were compared immediately post-intervention and at 12 months using meta-analysis where appropriate. MAIN RESULTS Of 56 trials identified, none reported data on violent injuries. Aggressive behaviour was significantly reduced in intervention groups compared to no intervention groups immediately post intervention in 34 trials with data, (Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) = -0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.56 to -0.26). This effect was maintained in the seven studies reporting 12 month follow-up (SMD = -0.40, (95% CI -0.73 to -0.06)). School or agency disciplinary actions in response to aggressive behaviour were reduced in intervention groups for nine trials with data, SMD = -0.48; 95% CI -1.16 to 0.19, although this difference may have been due to chance and was not maintained, based on two studies reporting follow-up to two to four months (SMD = 0.03; 95% CI -0.42 to 0.47). Subgroup analyses suggested that interventions designed to improve relationship or social skills may be more effective than interventions designed to teach skills of non-response to provocative situations, but that benefits were similar when delivered to children in primary versus secondary school, and to groups of mixed sex versus boys alone. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS School-based secondary prevention programmes to reduce aggressive behaviour appear to produce improvements in behaviour greater than would have been expected by chance. Benefits can be achieved in both primary and secondary school age groups and in both mixed sex groups and boys-only groups. Further research is required to establish whether such programmes reduce the incidence of violent injuries or if the benefits identified can be maintained beyond 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mytton
- University of the West of England, Bristol, Faculty of Health and Social Care, Glenside Campus, Rm 2E16, Blackberry Hill, Stapleton, Bristol, UK BS16 1DD.
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Conn JM, Annest JL, Bossarte RM, Gilchrist J. Non-fatal sports and recreational violent injuries among children and teenagers, United States, 2001-2003. J Sci Med Sport 2006; 9:479-89. [PMID: 16621700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2005] [Revised: 03/07/2006] [Accepted: 03/07/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimated 2.7 million non-fatal unintentional sports and recreational injuries are treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs) annually. However, little is known about the number of sports and recreational injuries resulting from violent behavior. METHODS Data for 2001-2003 on sports and recreational injuries were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP)-a national sample of 66 U.S. EDs. National estimates and rates of persons treated for violence-related sports and recreational injuries in EDs are compared to those treated for unintentional sports and recreational injuries. Types of injuries and injury circumstances are described. RESULTS During the study period, an estimated 6,705 (8.3 per 100,000; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 6.3-10.3) children and teenagers with violence-related sports and recreational injuries were treated in U.S. EDs annually, compared to 2,698,634 children and teenagers with unintentional sports and recreational injuries. Thus, violent behavior accounted for 0.25% of sports and recreational injuries. The highest incidence rate (13.6 per 100,000) for violence-related sports and recreational injuries was for children aged 10-14 years. Most patients with violence-related sports and recreational injuries were treated and released from the ED. A majority of those with violence-related sports and recreational injuries were injured to the head/neck region (52.2%), of which 24.1% were treated for traumatic brain injuries. Most violent injuries resulted from being pushed or hit (65.6%); the most common sports and recreational activity varied by age: playground (65.2%) for children < or =9 years; bicycling (26.7%) for 10-14-year-olds; basketball (45.3%) for 15-19-year-olds. CONCLUSIONS National ED surveillance systems can provide useful information pertaining to prevention programs designed to reduce sports and recreational injuries resulting from violent behavior and unintentional causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Conn
- Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, MS-K59, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA.
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