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Kelly AB, Munnings A, Zhao X, Rowland B, Laurens KR, Campbell M, Williams J, Bailey JA, Killingly C, Abimanyi-Ochom J, Kremer P, Toumbourou JW. Polydrug use in Australian 12-14 year olds from 2006 to 2017: an examination of drug use profiles, emotional control problems, and family relationship characteristics. Australian Journal of Psychology 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2023.2174705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B. Kelly
- Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Child Health and Well-being (Childhood Adversity, Mental Health, and Resilience Theme), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew Munnings
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiang Zhao
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Bosco Rowland
- School of Psychology and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and the Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kristin R. Laurens
- Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Child Health and Well-being (Childhood Adversity, Mental Health, and Resilience Theme), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marilyn Campbell
- Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joanne Williams
- School of Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jen A. Bailey
- Social Developmental Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Callula Killingly
- Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Julie Abimanyi-Ochom
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Kremer
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- School of Psychology and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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Simcoe SM, Gilmour J, Garnett MS, Attwood T, Donovan C, Kelly AB. Are there gender-based variations in the presentation of Autism amongst female and male children? J Autism Dev Disord 2023; 53:3627-3635. [PMID: 35829944 PMCID: PMC10465371 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05552-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Questionnaire for Autism Spectrum Conditions (Q-ASC; Attwood, Garnett & Rynkiewicz, 2011) is one of the few screening instruments that includes items designed to assess female-specific ASD-Level 1 traits. This study examined the ability of a modified version of the Q-ASC (Q-ASC-M; Ormond et al., 2018) to differentiate children with and without ASD-Level 1. Participants included 111 parents of autistic children and 212 parents of neurotypical children (5-12 years). Results suggested that the gendered behaviour, sensory sensitivity, compliant behaviours, imagination, and imitation subscales differentiated autistic females from neurotypical females. Compared to autistic males, autistic females had higher scores on gendered behaviour, sensory sensitivity, social masking, and imitation. Results are discussed in relation to early detection of autistic female children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mae Simcoe
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John Gilmour
- Institute of Social Science Research, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Tony Attwood
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, Australia
- Attwood and Garnett Events, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Caroline Donovan
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Child Adversity, Brisbane, Australia
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Rowland BC, Mohebbi M, Kelly AB, Benstead ML, Herde JA, Clancy EM, Bailey JA, Hallam B, Sharkey P, Horner R, Toumbourou JW. Correction to: School Influences on Adolescent Depression: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study Amongst Catholic, Government and Independent Schools, in Victoria, Australia. J Relig Health 2023; 62:1157-1158. [PMID: 35352240 PMCID: PMC10042743 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bosco C Rowland
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- Faculty of Health, Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Michelle L Benstead
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Jess A Herde
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Clancy
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | | | - Bill Hallam
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Paul Sharkey
- Melbourne Archdiocese Catholic Schools, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
- Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Robyn Horner
- Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Rowland BC, Mohebbi M, Kelly AB, Benstead ML, Herde JA, Clancy EM, Bailey JA, Hallam B, Sharkey P, Horner R, Toumbourou JW. School Influences on Adolescent Depression: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study Amongst Catholic, Government and Independent Schools, in Victoria, Australia. J Relig Health 2023; 62:1136-1156. [PMID: 35286561 PMCID: PMC10042755 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined associations between school sector (Government, Catholic or Independent) and depressive symptomology over the secondary school years. Six waves of data collected annually from a representative Australian sample were examined. Multilevel piecewise linear and logistic regression controlling for a variety of demographic variables and protective factors was undertaken. In all sectors, depressive symptomology decreased between 10 and 13 years of age, but significantly increased for girls at age 13. Adolescents in Catholic schools reported significantly fewer symptoms of depression compared to those in Government and Independent schools. Adolescents in Catholic schools were less likely to report clinical levels of depressed mood compared to adolescents in Government schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosco C Rowland
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- Faculty of Health, Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Michelle L Benstead
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Jess A Herde
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Clancy
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | | | - Bill Hallam
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Paul Sharkey
- Melbourne Archdiocese Catholic Schools, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
- Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Robyn Horner
- Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
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Gutteridge TP, Kelly AB, Laurens KR. Increased likelihood of distressing and functionally impairing psychotic-like experiences among children with co-occurring internalising and externalising problems. Schizophr Res 2023; 252:225-230. [PMID: 36681045 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Among children with psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), the presence of co-occurring psychopathology may distinguish children's self-report of clinically significant experiences (i.e., PLEs that are distressing and/or impairing of daily functioning) from reports of more benign experiences. The aim of this study was to examine whether the likelihood of distressing or impairing PLEs differed according to type of co-occurring psychopathology symptoms. A community sample of 5268 children aged 9-12 years were recruited from Greater London, UK. Participants completed the Psychotic-Like Experiences Questionnaire for Children, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to measure internalising and externalising problems. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to determine the likelihood of PLEs being distressing and/or impairing (vs. not) among children with different co-occurring symptom profiles (PLEs only; PLEs with internalising problems only - PLE-I; PLEs with externalising problems only - PLE-E; and PLEs with both internalising and externalising problems - PLE-IE). Children with co-occurring internalising and/or externalising problems had greater odds of distressing and/or impairing PLEs compared to children without co-occurring psychopathology (PLEs only). These associations were moderate for PLE-E and strong for PLE-I and PLE-IE, with the greatest odds of distressing and impairing PLEs evident in the presence of internalising plus externalising comorbidities (odds ratios [with 99 % confidence intervals] for PLE-IE relative to PLE-I = 2.00 [1.34-2.99]; PLE-IE relative to PLE-E = 5.46 [3.78-7.90]). These results affirm the importance of screening for the presence and type of co-occurring psychopathology among children with PLEs to demarcate potentially different treatment needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany P Gutteridge
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Psychology and Counselling, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Psychology and Counselling, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Inclusive Education (C4IE), Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristin R Laurens
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), School of Psychology and Counselling, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Inclusive Education (C4IE), Brisbane, QLD, Australia; King's College London, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, London, UK.
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Mehta D, Kelly AB, Laurens KR, Haslam D, Williams KE, Walsh K, Baker PRA, Carter HE, Khawaja NG, Zelenko O, Mathews B. Child Maltreatment and Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Outcomes: An Exploration of Biopsychosocial Determinants and Implications for Prevention. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:421-435. [PMID: 34586552 PMCID: PMC8480117 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment rates remain unacceptably high and rates are likely to escalate as COVID-related economic problems continue. A comprehensive and evidence-building approach is needed to prevent, detect and intervene where child maltreatment occurs. This review identifies key challenges in definitions, overviews the latest data on prevalence rates, reviews risk and protective factors, and examines common long-term mental health outcomes for children who experience maltreatment. The review takes a systems approach to child maltreatment outcomes through its focus on the overall burden of disease, gene-environment interactions, neurobiological mechanisms and social ecologies linking maltreatment to mental ill-health. Five recommendations relating to the accurate measurement of trends, research on brain structures and processes, improving the reach and impact of teleservices for detecting, preventing and treating child maladjustment, community-based approaches, and building population-focused multidisciplinary alliances and think tanks are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Mehta
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristin R. Laurens
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Divna Haslam
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537Parenting and Family Support Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kate E. Williams
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Child & Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kerryann Walsh
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Early Childhood and Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953Centre for Child & Family Studies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip R. A. Baker
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hannah E. Carter
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nigar G. Khawaja
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Oksana Zelenko
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ben Mathews
- grid.1024.70000000089150953Present Address: Child Adversity, Mental Health and Resilience Theme, Centre for Child Health and Well-being, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.1024.70000000089150953School of Law, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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Hayixibayi A, Strodl E, Chen WQ, Kelly AB. Associations Between Adolescent Problematic Internet Use and Relationship Problems in Chinese Families: Findings from a Large-scale Survey. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2022; 5:e35240. [PMID: 36279160 PMCID: PMC9641517 DOI: 10.2196/35240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic internet use (PIU) is prevalent among Chinese adolescents. There is a need to better understand how the quality of parent-adolescent relationship is associated with adolescent PIU to guide the development of effective prevention and early intervention programs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate parent-adolescent conflict and parenting styles as potential risk factors associated with adolescent PIU. METHODS A sample of 6552 students (aged 10-19 years) from 22 schools in Guangdong, China, was recruited. The participants completed self-report questionnaires measuring their perceptions of conflict with their parents (involving verbal conflict, emotional abuse, and physical abuse) as well as their perceptions of their parents' parenting styles (including parental care and parental control as measured by the Parental Bonding Inventory), and PIU using the Adolescent Pathological Internet Use Scale. Grade level and gender were examined as moderators of these associations. RESULTS Using multiple regression analyses, we found that greater mother-adolescent conflict, father-adolescent conflict, and parental control, and lower levels of parental care, were associated with higher levels of adolescent PIU (P<.001). The association between mother-adolescent conflict and PIU was stronger in older students than in younger students (P=.04), whereas the association between father-adolescent conflict and PIU was stronger in male students than in female students (P=.02). Compared with those who reported no mother-adolescent conflict, participants who experienced verbal conflict and emotional abuse, but not physical abuse from their mothers, reported higher levels of PIU (P<.001). Compared with those who reported no father-adolescent conflict, participants who experienced verbal conflict, emotional abuse, and physical abuse from their fathers had significantly higher levels of PIU (P<.001, P<.001, and P=.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS These findings point to the value of interventions to reduce parental verbal conflict, emotional abuse, and physical abuse, and to increase positive parenting styles, to lower the risk of PIU in Chinese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimila Hayixibayi
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Rowland BC, Kremer P, Williams J, Kelly AB, Patton G, Toumbourou JW. A Component Evaluation of a Randomised Control Community Intervention to Reduce Adolescent Alcohol Use in Australia. Prev Sci 2021; 23:36-47. [PMID: 34714508 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite a decline in Australian adolescents reporting to have consumed alcohol, a high proportion of the adolescent population still consumes alcohol. Community-led prevention interventions that systematically and strategically implement evidence-based programs have been shown to be effective in producing population-behaviour change related to youth alcohol and drug use. This study evaluated the post-intervention effects of a multi-component community intervention in Australia. It comprised social marketing targeting adolescents and parents, and a community intervention to reduce underage alcohol sales. Structural equation modelling was used to examine direct and indirect effects of community intervention components on intention and consumption. Self-report surveys (N = 3377) and community sales data (27 communities) were analysed to evaluate the effect of the intervention components on intention and consumption before the age of 18. The intervention reduced alcohol sales to minors (OR = .82). Exposure to the social marketing was significantly associated with household no-alcohol rules (OR = 2.24) and parents not supplying alcohol (OR = .72). The intervention predicted intention not to consume alcohol before age 18; intention was associated with not consuming alcohol (OR = 5.70). Total indirect effects from the intervention through to intention were significant. However, parents setting a rule and not supplying alcohol were the only significant direct effects to intention. Parents setting a rule was directly associated with lower consumption. Overall, the intervention logic was supported by the data modelling. The study extends prior knowledge of community-based interventions to prevent adolescent alcohol use by identifying critical intervention components and effect mechanisms. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: ACTRN12612000384853.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosco Charles Rowland
- Faculty of Health School of Psychology, Centre for Social, Early and Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
| | - Peter Kremer
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences & Centre for Sport Research, Deakin University, VIC, Geelong Campus, Geelong, Australia
| | - Joanne Williams
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Geelong Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health,, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Parkville, Australia.,School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Faculty of Health, School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - George Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health,, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Victoria, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Faculty of Health School of Psychology, Centre for Social, Early and Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong Campus, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Kelly AB, McMorris BJ, Patton GC, Toumbourou JW. Life-course predictors of homelessness from adolescence into adulthood: A population-based cohort study. J Adolesc 2021; 91:15-24. [PMID: 34271292 PMCID: PMC8423126 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internationally, the prevalence of young adult homelessness is concerning. Few data on life-course predictors from longitudinal studies exist, limiting our capacity to inform prevention strategies at the population-level. METHODS Data were drawn from a state representative population-based sample of young adults from Victoria, Australia participating in the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; N = 927, 54% female). Participants were recruited in state-representative secondary school samples at Grade 7 (age 13, 2002), with follow-up in Grades 9 (age 15) and 11 (age 17) and at ages 21, 23 and 25. Using longitudinal path modelling, we conducted a series of analyses testing life-course predictors of young adult homelessness across multiple socializing contexts, and the interrelationships among them. RESULTS The rate of young adult homelessness was 5.5%. Path modelling showed higher levels of family conflict at ages 13 and 15 uniquely predicted homelessness by age 25. This effect remained after accounting for other risk factors in peer-group (e.g., interactions with antisocial peers), school (e.g., low academic performance), and community contexts (e.g., low neighborhood attachment). Peer drug use and interaction with antisocial peers at age 15 mediated the association between family conflict at age 13 and homelessness by age 25. CONCLUSIONS Findings point to the vulnerability of early adolescents to family conflict. This vulnerability heightens risk for young adult homelessness. Findings strengthen the case for both primary prevention programs that build healthy relationships between family members from early on in adolescence and for investment in homelessness prevention at key developmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Honorary Research Fellow, The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | | | - George C Patton
- Professorial Fellow in Adolescent Health Research, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University; and Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
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Saggers B, Campbell MA, Kelly AB, Killingly C. Are Schools' Lockdown Drills Really Beneficial?-A Commentary. J Sch Health 2021; 91:451-453. [PMID: 33870506 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beth Saggers
- Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, E Block, Level 4, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Marilyn A Campbell
- Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, E Block, Level 4, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, O Block, B wing, Level 5, Ring Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
| | - Callula Killingly
- Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove Campus, E Block, Level 4, Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD, 4059, Australia
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11
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Hayixibayi A, Strodl E, Chen WQ, Kelly AB. School-based relationships and problematic internet use amongst Chinese students. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248600. [PMID: 33760872 PMCID: PMC7990311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential for adolescent mental health problems arising from heavy internet use is significant. There is a need to better understand the risk and protective factors related to problematic internet use (PIU) amongst adolescents. This study examined the role of adolescents’ perceptions of school-based relationships as potential contextual antecedents to problematic internet use. Specifically, 6552 adolescent students (55.9% boys, 13.51 ± 2. 93 years) from 22 primary and middle schools in southern China completed questionnaires to measure the degree of adolescent conflict with peers, teachers and other staff, school connectedness, perceived classroom atmosphere and problematic internet use. Self-reported data was collected using a two-level stratified sampling. Multiple regression analyses showed that conflict with peers and teachers was positively associated with higher levels of PIU, while school connectedness and perceived classroom atmosphere were negatively associated with PIU. An interaction effect was found for conflict with peers and grade level, such that the association between conflict with peers and PIU was stronger for secondary students compared to primary school students. The results support the need for school-based interventions for PIU to include a focus on conflict with peers and teachers, and for a focus on the enhancement of school connectedness and classroom atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alimila Hayixibayi
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Esben Strodl
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Inclusive Education, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Garnett MS, Attwood T, Peterson C, Kelly AB. Autism spectrum conditions among children and adolescents: A new profiling tool. Australian Journal of Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ajpy.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S. Garnett
- Minds and Hearts Clinic, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Tony Attwood
- Minds and Hearts Clinic, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Candida Peterson
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia,
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Leung J, Chiu V, Connor JP, Peacock A, Kelly AB, Hall W, Chan GCK. Alcohol consumption and consequences in adolescents in 68 low and middle-income countries - a multi-country comparison of risks by sex. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107520. [PMID: 31707267 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Alcohol use is a leading risk factor for disease burden among youth. This study estimated sex differences in the prevalence of alcohol use and consequences among adolescents living in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). DESIGN Multi-staged cross-sectional international standardized self-report questionnaires administered in the classroom. SETTING The Global school-based student health survey (GSHS) comprised adolescents from 68 LMIC between 2003-2014. PARTICIPANTS 271,156 students aged 13-17 years old. MEASUREMENTS Alcohol measures included: past month alcohol consumption, history of intoxication and alcohol-related problems. Regions were based on the World Health Organization definitions: Africa, America, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South-east Asia, and Western Pacific. FINDINGS Overall, males had higher odds of alcohol use (OR = 2.38 [1.91-2.96]), a history of intoxication (OR = 2.64 [2.11-3.31]), and alcohol-related problems (OR = 1.72 [1.41-2.10]) than females. All regions recorded overall greater odds of alcohol use by males versus females; five regions (excluding Europe) recorded greater odds of intoxication in males; and three regions (America, South-east Asia, and Western Pacific) recorded greater odds of alcohol-related problems amongst males. However, there were country-level differences - in some countries, adolescent drinking rates and consequences were comparable by sex. Countries with the highest odds of alcohol use among males compared to females were Indonesia, Myanmar, Cambodia, Tuvalu, Morocco, Senegal, Kiribati, and Thailand. CONCLUSIONS Among adolescents living in LMIC, males had on average two-fold higher odds of drinking alcohol and experiencing adverse consequences. Growing affluence and improvements in sex equality in societies may increase the future prevalence of hazardous drinking in females in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janni Leung
- School of Psychology, Brisbane, The University of Queensland, QLD 4067, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney, University of New South Wales, NSW 2031, Australia; Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Brisbane, The University of Queensland, QLD 4067, Australia; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, WA 98121, United States.
| | - Vivian Chiu
- School of Psychology, Brisbane, The University of Queensland, QLD 4067, Australia; National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney, University of New South Wales, NSW 2031, Australia; Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Brisbane, The University of Queensland, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Brisbane, The University of Queensland, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, Sydney, University of New South Wales, NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, QLD 4059, Australia.
| | - Wayne Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Brisbane, The University of Queensland, QLD 4067, Australia; King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom.
| | - Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Brisbane, The University of Queensland, QLD 4067, Australia.
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Plenty SM, Evans-Whipp TJ, Chan GCK, Kelly AB, Toumbourou JW, Patton GC, Hemphill SA, Smith R. Predicting Alcohol Misuse Among Australian 19-Year-Olds from Adolescent Drinking Trajectories. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:247-256. [PMID: 30396323 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1517172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use in adolescence predicts future alcohol misuse. However, the extent to which different patterns of adolescent use present risk remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study investigated how adolescent trajectories of alcohol consumption during the school years predict alcohol misuse at age 19 years. METHODS Data were drawn from 707 students from Victoria, Australia, longitudinally followed for 7 years. Five alcohol use trajectories were identified based on the frequency of alcohol use from Grade 6 (age 12 years) to Grade 11 (age 17 years). At age 19 years, participants completed measures indicating Heavy Episodic Drinking (HED), dependency - Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and social harms. RESULTS At 19 years of age, 64% of participants reported HED, 42% high AUDIT scores (8+), and 23% social harms. Participants belonging to a steep escalator trajectory during adolescence had twice the odds at 19 years of age of high AUDIT scores and social harms, and three times greater odds of HED than participants whose alcohol use slowly increased. Stable moderate consumption was also associated with an increased risk of HED compared to slowly increasing use. Abstinence predicted a reduced likelihood of all forms of misuse at 19 years of age compared to slowly increased alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Trajectories of drinking frequency during adolescence predict alcohol misuse at age 19 years. Although rapid increasing use presents the greatest risk, even slowly increasing drinking predicts increased risk compared to abstinence. The findings indicate that alcohol policies should recommend nonuse and reduced frequency of use during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Plenty
- a Institute for Future Studies , Stockholm , Sweden.,b Swedish Institute for Social Research , Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Tracy J Evans-Whipp
- c Centre for Adolescent Health , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,d The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics , Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Gary C K Chan
- e Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- f Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- c Centre for Adolescent Health , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,g Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED) and School of Psychology , Deakin University , Geelong , Victoria , Australia
| | - George C Patton
- c Centre for Adolescent Health , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,d The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics , Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
| | - Sheryl A Hemphill
- c Centre for Adolescent Health , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,d The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics , Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,h School of Psychology , Australian Catholic University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Rachel Smith
- c Centre for Adolescent Health , Murdoch Childrens Research Institute , Parkville , Victoria , Australia.,d The University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics , Royal Children's Hospital , Parkville , Victoria , Australia
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Thomas RL, Kelly AB, Chan GCK, Hides LM, Quinn CA, Kavanagh DJ, Williams JW. An Examination of Gender Differences in the Association of Adolescent Substance use with Eating and Weight Loss Attitudes. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:2125-2131. [PMID: 29624108 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1455703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess gender differences in the relationship between eating and weight loss attitudes (EWAs), and 30-day tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents, while controlling for potential confounds (age, country of birth, psychological distress, pubertal development, peer alcohol and tobacco use, and sexual activity). METHODS School students aged between 11 and 17 years (N = 10,273) from high schools in the State of Victoria (Australia) completed surveys in class under conditions of anonymity and confidentiality. RESULTS The interaction between EWAs and gender was significant for tobacco use but not for alcohol use, indicating that the effect of EWAs on tobacco use, but not alcohol use, vary by gender. CONCLUSIONS Tobacco use was related to EWAs in adolescent females but not males, and this is consistent with the possibility that females use tobacco in an instrumental fashion to control weight. Implications and Contribution: Female adolescents high in eating and weight loss attitudes were more likely to engage in tobacco use. In contrast, eating and weight loss attitudes were not related to male tobacco use. These results point to the potential importance of developing gender-specific approaches towards addressing problematic behaviors in adolescent populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Thomas
- a Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia.,b School of Psychology, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- c School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Gary C K Chan
- a Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Leanne M Hides
- a Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia.,b School of Psychology, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Catherine A Quinn
- a Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia.,b School of Psychology, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - David J Kavanagh
- d Centre for Youth Substance Abuse and Centre for Children's Health Research , Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, and School of Psychology & Counselling, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Joanne W Williams
- e School of Health & Social Development, Deakin University , Victoria , Australia
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Mehus CJ, Doty J, Chan G, Kelly AB, Hemphill S, Toumbourou J, McMorris BJ. Testing the Social Interaction Learning Model's Applicability to Adolescent Substance Misuse in an Australian Context. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:1859-1868. [PMID: 29509085 PMCID: PMC6133245 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1441307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents and peers both influence the development of adolescent substance misuse, and the Social Interaction Learning (SIL) model provides a theoretical explanation of the paths through which this occurs. OBJECTIVE The SIL model has primarily been tested with conduct outcomes and in US samples. This study adds to the literature by testing the SIL model with four substance use outcomes in a sample of Australian youth. METHOD We used structural equation modeling to test the fit of the SIL model to a longitudinal sample (n = 907) of students recruited in grade 5 in Victoria, Australia participating in the International Youth Development Study, who were resurveyed in grades 6 and 10. RESULTS The model fit was good (χ2(95) = 248.52, p < .001; RMSEA = .04 [90% CI: .036 - .049]; CFI = .94; SRMR = .04). Path estimates from parenting to antisocial behavior and from antisocial behavior to antisocial peers were significant. In turn, having antisocial peers was significantly related to alcohol use, binge drinking, tobacco use, and marijuana use. From parenting, only the direct path to marijuana use was significant, but indirect effects were significant. CONCLUSIONS The SIL model illustrates that parenting plays an early role in the formation of adolescent peer relations that influence substance misuse and identifies etiological pathways that can guide the targets of prevention. The SIL pathways appear robust to the Australian social and policy context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Mehus
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota
| | - Jennifer Doty
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota
| | - Gary Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland
| | - Sheryl Hemphill
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Centre for Adolescent Health, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children’s Hospital, & Murdoch Childrens Research Institute
| | - John Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, Deakin University and, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute
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Patton KA, Gullo MJ, Connor JP, Chan GC, Kelly AB, Catalano RF, Toumbourou JW. Social cognitive mediators of the relationship between impulsivity traits and adolescent alcohol use: Identifying unique targets for prevention. Addict Behav 2018; 84:79-85. [PMID: 29631094 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Chan GCK, Leung J, Kelly AB, Connor J, Edward S, Hall W, Degenhardt L, Chiu V, Patton G. Familial alcohol supply, adolescent drinking and early alcohol onset in 45 low and middle income countries. Addict Behav 2018; 84:178-185. [PMID: 29723800 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study estimated the extent of familial alcohol supply in 45 low and middle income countries (LMIC), and examined the country-level effects of familial alcohol supply on adolescents' alcohol use. METHOD We used data from 45 LMICs that participated in the Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) between 2003 and 2013 (n = 139,840). The weighted prevalence of familial alcohol supply in each country was estimated. Multilevel binary and ordinal logistic regression analyses were used to examine the country-level effect of familial alcohol supply on early onset of alcohol use (first alcohol before 12), past 30-day alcohol use, lifetime drunkenness and alcohol-related social problems. RESULTS There were large variations between LMICs in the prevalence of familial alcohol supply and pattern of adolescent alcohol use. The prevalence of familial supply ranged from 0.1% in Tajikistan to 23.8% in St Lucia. It was estimated that a one percentage change in prevalence of familial alcohol supply was associated with 10%, 12% and 12% change in the odds of lifetime drunkenness (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = [1.04, 1.16]), early onset of alcohol use (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = [1.07, 1.08]) and more frequent drinking in the past month (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = [1.04, 1.20]). CONCLUSION There were large variations in the prevalence of familial alcohol supply and adolescent alcohol use among LMICs. Adolescents in countries with higher prevalence of familial alcohol supply were more likely to start using alcohol at an earlier age, to have used alcohol in the past 30 days and experience intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Janni Leung
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Jason Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Australia; Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephanie Edward
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, The University New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vivian Chiu
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - George Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
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Rowland BC, Williams J, Smith R, Hall JK, Osborn A, Kremer P, Kelly AB, Leslie E, Patton G, Mohebbi M, Toumbourou JW. Social marketing and community mobilisation to reduce underage alcohol consumption in Australia: A cluster randomised community trial. Prev Med 2018; 113:132-139. [PMID: 29505806 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2018.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In many countries adolescent alcohol use is a major health problem. To supplement national policies, it is important to trial community interventions as a potential strategy to prevent adolescent alcohol use. METHODS This study evaluated a multicomponent community intervention that included community mobilisation, social marketing, and the monitoring of alcohol sales to minors. Evaluation was a clustered randomised trial design with 14 intervention and 14 control communities. Prior to randomisation, communities were matched on socioeconomic status and location. Intervention communities were not blinded. PARTICIPANTS 3545 Year 8 students (M = 12 years) were surveyed at baseline from 75 schools; 3377 students were surveyed post intervention in 2013 from 54 schools. OUTCOMES It was hypothesised that the primary outcome, individual alcohol consumption in last 30 days, after the intervention would be 15% lower in intervention communities. Secondary outcomes were consumption in the past year and intention not to drink before age 18. RESULTS The intervention communities showed larger relative reductions compared to the controls in last 30-day consumption and past year (10%), but not significantly different. A significantly lower proportion of participants in the intervention community (63%), compared to the controls (71%), reported intending to drink before 18 years old. Subgroup analysis identified regional and state differences for some secondary measures. CONCLUSIONS Intervention assignment was associated with lower adolescent intention to drink before the age of 18. However, more intensive and longer-term intervention may be required to measure significant differences in behaviour change. TRIAL REGISTRATION ACTRN12612000384853. PROTOCOL Rowland B, Toumbourou JW, Osborn A, et al. BMJ Open 2013;3:e002423. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002423.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosco Charles Rowland
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social, Early and Emotional Development.
| | - Joanne Williams
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Faculty of Health, School of Health and Social Development
| | - Rachel Smith
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jessica Kate Hall
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social, Early and Emotional Development
| | - Amber Osborn
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social, Early and Emotional Development; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Peter Kremer
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Centre for Sport Research and School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Queensland University of Technology, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology and Counselling, Australia
| | - Eva Leslie
- Flinders University, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Australia
| | - George Patton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; The University of Melbourne, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - John W Toumbourou
- Deakin University, Geelong, Australia, Faculty of Health, School of Psychology, Centre for Social, Early and Emotional Development
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Rowland B, Abraham C, Carter R, Abimanyi-Ochom J, Kelly AB, Kremer P, Williams JW, Smith R, Hall JK, Wagner D, Renner H, Hosseini T, Osborn A, Mohebbi M, Toumbourou JW. Trial protocol: a clustered, randomised, longitudinal, type 2 translational trial of alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harm among adolescents in Australia. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:559. [PMID: 29703187 PMCID: PMC5921968 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5452-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This cluster randomised control trial is designed to evaluate whether the Communities That Care intervention (CTC) is effective in reducing the proportion of secondary school age adolescents who use alcohol before the Australian legal purchasing age of 18 years. Secondary outcomes are other substance use and antisocial behaviours. Long term economic benefits of reduced alcohol use by adolescents for the community will also be assessed. Methods Fourteen communities and 14 other non-contiguous communities will be matched on socioeconomic status (SES), location, and size. One of each pair will be randomly allocated to the intervention in three Australian states (Victoria, Queensland and Western Australia). A longitudinal survey will recruit grade 8 and 10 students (M = 15 years old, N = 3500) in 2017 and conduct follow-up surveys in 2019 and 2021 (M = 19 years old). Municipal youth populations will also be monitored for trends in alcohol-harms using hospital and police administrative data. Discussion Community-led interventions that systematically and strategically implement evidence-based programs have been shown to be effective in producing population-level behaviour change, including reduced alcohol and drug use. We expect that the study will be associated with significant effects on alcohol use amongst adolescents because interventions adopted within communities will be based on evidence-based practices and target specific problems identified from surveys conducted within each community. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered in September, 2017 (ACTRN12616001276448), as communities were selected prior to trial registration; however, participants were recruited after registration. Findings will be disseminated in peer-review journals and community fora.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rowland
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. .,School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia.
| | - C Abraham
- Institute of Health Research, University of Exeter Medical School St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - R Carter
- Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - J Abimanyi-Ochom
- Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - A B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - P Kremer
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - J W Williams
- Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - R Smith
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - J K Hall
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - D Wagner
- Murdoch Children Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Road Parkville Victoria, Flemington, Australia
| | - H Renner
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - T Hosseini
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - A Osborn
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - M Mohebbi
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Biostatistics unit, Faculty of Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J W Toumbourou
- Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,School of Psychology, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Faculty of Health, Geelong, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent reports suggest an increase in use of extremely potent cannabis concentrates such as Butane Hash Oil (BHO) in some developed countries. The aims of this study were to examine the characteristics of BHO users and the effect profiles of BHO. DESIGN Anonymous online survey in over 20 countries in 2014 and 2015. Participants aged 18 years or older were recruited through onward promotion and online social networks. The overall sample size was 181,870. In this sample, 46% (N=83,867) reported using some form of cannabis in the past year, and 3% reported BHO use (n=5922). MEASUREMENTS Participants reported their use of 7 types of cannabis in the past 12 months, the source of their cannabis, reasons for use, use of other illegal substances, and lifetime diagnosis for depression, anxiety and psychosis. Participants were asked to rate subjective effects of BHO and high potency herbal cannabis. FINDINGS Participants who reported a lifetime diagnosis of depression (OR=1.15, p=0.003), anxiety (OR=1.72, p<0.001), and a larger number of substance use (OR=1.29, p<0.001) were more likely to use BHO than only using high potency herbal cannabis. BHO users also reported stronger negative effects and less positive effects when using BHO than high potency herbal cannabis (p<0.001) CONCLUSION: Mental health problems and other illicit drug use were associated with use of BHO. BHO was reported to have stronger negative and weaker positive effects than high potency herbal cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
| | - Wayne Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Tom P Freeman
- National Addiction Centre, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8BB, UK; Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Jason Ferris
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, 80 Meiers Road, Brisbane 4068, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Adam Winstock
- Global Drug Survey, Fergusson House,124/128 City Road, London EC1 V2NJ, UK; University College London,Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the stressful nature of military life, people in the armed forces are vulnerable to substance use. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between family and peers with drug use among military forces in Iran. METHODS Convenience sampling was used to recruit a total of 422 draftees doing military service in army units in Tehran, Iran. Measures of family and peers' risk and protective factors, alcohol use, and other drug use were administered. RESULTS Findings indicated significant relationships between family (i.e., family models for risk behavior, parent sanctions, and family controls) and peers (i.e., peer modeling for risk behavior, peer controls, support from friends) with drug use. A multiple regression analysis revealed that peer modeling for risk behavior, family models for risk behavior, and parent sanctions were significant predictors of drug use in soldiers. CONCLUSIONS These results were consistent with the influence of family and peer on drug use amongst soldiers. Programs designed to reduce alcohol and other drug use may benefit from tailoring to fit risk and protective files amongst peer and family networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Habibi
- a Department of Health Psychology , Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mohammad Darharaj
- b Department of Clinical Psychology , Kharazmi University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- c Center for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland , Australia
| | - Hasan Shahmiri
- d Department of Psychiatry , AJA University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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Chan GCK, Leung J, Connor J, Hall W, Kelly AB. Parental supply of alcohol and adolescent drinking: a multilevel analysis of nationally representative data. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:560. [PMID: 28599649 PMCID: PMC5466780 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Existing research on parental supply of alcohol analyses the effects of self-reported parental supply on adolescent drinking using individual level data. This study examined the contextual effect of parental supply of alcohol on adolescent alcohol use by examining the association between the prevalence of parental supply in each Australian state and adolescent alcohol use using a multilevel analytic framework. Methods Adolescent samples (Age: 12–17) were drawn from the four National Drug Strategy Household Surveys (2004, 2007, 2010 and 2013; N = 6803). The prevalence of parental supply of alcohol, defined as the weighted percentage of sample who reported obtaining alcohol from their parents, was estimated in each state and territory across the four surveys. Three multilevel logistic regressions were used to examine the contextual effects of parental supply prevalence on adolescents’ alcohol use in the past 12 months, weekly drinking and heavy drinking. Results Overall, adolescents’ rates of past 12 months alcohol use, heavy drinking and weekly drinking between 2004 and 2013 were 40.1, 14.4 and 6.4% respectively. The prevalence of parental supply was significantly associated with past 12 months alcohol use (OR = 1.06, p < .001) and heavy drinking (OR = 1.04, p < .001) but not with weekly drinking (OR = 1.03, p = .189). The results were adjusted for gender, age, socio-economic index for area, place of birth, survey year and prevalence of peer supply. Conclusion A high prevalence of parental supply in a region was associated with heavier adolescent drinking, regardless of whether adolescents primarily obtained their alcohol from their own parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia.
| | - Janni Leung
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jason Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, QLD, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
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Thomas RL, Kelly AB, Chan GCK, Williams JW. Linking eating and weight control attitudes to relationship experiences: A large-scale survey of adolescent females. J Adolesc 2017; 58:67-73. [PMID: 28505553 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the extent to which family conflict, peer bullying and psychological distress account for eating and weight loss attitudes in adolescent females. This study examined the degree to which psychological distress mediated the association between family conflict and eating and weight loss attitudes, and the association of bullying and eating and weight loss attitudes. METHOD Females aged between 11 and 17 years (N = 5125) were recruited from schools in the State of Victoria (Australia). Key measures included psychological distress, family conflict, and bullying victimisation. RESULTS A structural model showed good fit, and all predictors were significant. Psychological distress mediated the association between eating and weight loss attitudes, and family problems and bullying. CONCLUSION Family conflict and peer bullying were associated with eating and weight loss attitudes and this association may occur via psychological distress. Early intervention programs may benefit from a focus on family and peer relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah L Thomas
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis R. Foulstone
- School of Social Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Temesgen Kifle
- School of Economics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Chan GC, Kelly AB, Carroll A, Williams JW. Peer drug use and adolescent polysubstance use: Do parenting and school factors moderate this association? Addict Behav 2017; 64:78-81. [PMID: 27572180 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study examined the association between peer drug use and adolescent polysubstance use, and investigated if this association was moderated by parenting and/or school factors. METHODS The sample consisted of 9966 participants (mean age=14.3; 49.34% males) randomly selected from secondary schools in Victoria, Australia. Three 30-day polysubstance use profiles were derived from latent class analysis - no drug use (47.7%), mainly alcohol use (44.1%) and polysubstance use (8.2%). These profiles were then regressed on peer's drug use, family conflict, parental monitoring, parental disapproval of drug use, school commitment, reward for prosocial involvement in school and academic failure, and the interactions between peer's drug use and each of the parenting and school variables. RESULTS Relative to non-users, peer's drug use was strongly associated with polysubstance use (OR=30.91, p<0.001), and this association was moderated by parental disapproval of drug use (OR=0.46, p<0.001). This indicated that high level of parental disapproval may mitigate the negative influence of drug using peers. School commitment and parental monitoring were significantly associated with reduced likelihood of polysubstance use (p<0.05), but they did not moderate the relationship between peer drug use and adolescent polysubstance use. All analyses were adjusted for key demographic factors such as age, gender, areas of residence, birth place and family affluence. CONCLUSION Reinforcing parent disapproval of drug use may be an important strategy in reducing adolescent substance use. Parents may need to be more integrated into mainstream prevention programs.
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Kelly AB. Youth Substance Abuse and Co-occurring Disorders
Yifrah Kaminer (Ed) Arlington, USA: American Psychiatric Association Publishing, 2016 ISBN: 978-1-58562-497-3, 368 pp. Paperback. Price: US$65.00. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B. Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
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Chan GC, Leung JK, Quinn C, Connor JP, Hides L, Gullo MJ, Alati R, Weier M, Kelly AB, Hall WD. Trend in alcohol use in Australia over 13 years: has there been a trend reversal? BMC Public Health 2016; 16:1070. [PMID: 27724901 PMCID: PMC5057497 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3732-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skog's collectivity theory of alcohol consumption predicted that changes in alcohol consumption would synchronize across all types of drinkers in a population. The aim of this paper is examine this theory in the Australian context. We examined whether there was a collective change in alcohol use in Australia from 2001 to 2013, estimated alcohol consumption in non-high risk and high risk drinkers, and examined the trends in alcohol treatment episodes. METHODS Data from the 2001-2013 National Drug Strategy Household Surveys (N = 127,916) was used to estimate the prevalence and alcohol consumption of abstainers, high risk drinkers and frequent heavy episodic drinkers. Closed treatment episodes recorded in the Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Services National Minimum Dataset (N = 608,367) from 2001 to 2013 were used to examine the trends of closed alcohol treatment episodes. RESULTS The prevalence of non-drinkers (abstainers) decreased to the lowest level in 2004 (15.3 %) and rebounded steadily thereafter (20.4 % in 2013; p < .001). Correspondingly, the per capita consumption of high risk drinkers (2 standard drinks or more on average per day) increased from 20.7 L in 2001 to peak in 2010 (21.5 L; p = .020). Non-high risk drinkers' consumption peaked in 2004 (2.9 L) and decreased to 2.8 L in 2013 (p < .05). There were decreases in alcohol treatment episodes across nearly all birth cohorts in recent years. CONCLUSION These findings are partially consistent with and support Skog's collectivity theory. There has been a turnaround in alcohol consumption after a decade-long uptrend, as evident in the collective decreases in alcohol consumption among nearly all types of drinkers. There was also a turnaround in rate of treatment seeking, which peaked at 2007 and then decreased steadily. The timing of this turnaround differs with level of drinking, with non-high risk drinkers reaching its peak consumption in 2004 and high risk drinkers reaching its peak consumption in 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C.K. Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Janni K. Leung
- Policy and Epidemiology Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine Quinn
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason P. Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew J. Gullo
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Megan Weier
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Wayne D. Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND For young couples, a partner's heavy alcohol use may be a point of conflict and relationship distress, particularly when there are disparities in the severity of drinking across partners. OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine the longitudinal impact of discrepancies in heavy alcohol use, particularly in couples with parenting responsibilities. METHODS Data were obtained from 554 heterosexual couples (with at least one partner aged between 18 and 30 years of age) over two assessments from a well-established longitudinal study of Australian households. RESULTS Multilevel analyses (examining time within partners within couples) indicated a high level of couple-level variation in individual reports of relationship satisfaction. Discrepancies in heavy alcohol use were negatively associated with relationship satisfaction over the assessment period and this was significantly moderated by parenthood. More specifically, heavy drinking discrepancies were associated with lower relationship satisfaction amongst parents more than nonparents. CONCLUSION Among dissatisfied couples, managing discrepancies in alcohol use and helping heavy drinking partners may be an important intervention focus, particularly when providing professional support for young parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis R Foulstone
- a School of Social Science, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- b Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Royal Womens and Brisbane Hospital , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Temesgen Kifle
- c School of Economics, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
| | - Janeen Baxter
- d ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Australia
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Hinchliff GLM, Kelly AB, Chan GCK, Patton GC, Williams J. Risky dieting amongst adolescent girls: Associations with family relationship problems and depressed mood. Eat Behav 2016; 22:222-224. [PMID: 27322520 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the association of risky dieting amongst adolescent girls with depressed mood, family conflict, and parent-child emotional closeness. METHOD Grade 6 and 8 females (aged 11-14years, N=4031) were recruited from 231 schools in 30 communities, across three Australian States (Queensland, Victoria, and Western Australia). Key measures were based on the Adolescent Dieting Scale, Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire, and widely used short measures of family relationship quality. Controls included age, early pubertal onset, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS Risky dieting was significantly related to family conflict and depressed mood, depressed mood mediated the association of family conflict and risky dieting, and these associations remained significant with controls in the model. CONCLUSION Family conflict and adolescent depressed mood are associated with risky dieting. IMPLICATIONS Prevention programs may benefit from a broadening of behavioural targets to include depressed mood and family problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma L M Hinchliff
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
To investigate the pathophysiological process of transient ischaemic events in a clinically relevant model, we produced transient focal cerebral ischaemia in five baboons using endogenously generated platelet microemboli. Thrombogenic segments of Dacron vascular graft were incorporated as unilateral carotid arterio-arterial shunts to produce endogenous platelet microemboli. The embolized microparticles were quantified by isotopic imaging using 111In-platelets and by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Platelet microemboli accumulated rapidly in the shunted carotid territory and reached a maximum value of 3.2 +/- 0.8 x 10(9) in the embolized hemisphere 20 min after initiating blood flow through the graft segment. Sixty min after removing the grafts 111In-platelets were largely cleared from hemispheric vasculature. Recovered animals exhibited mild contralateral hemiparesis which disappeared completely within 24 h. We conclude that endogenously generated platelet microemboli accumulate transiently in the dependent cerebral circulation and produce corresponding transient focal neurological dysfunction. This model may be useful in the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies in acute stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kessler
- Department of Neurology, Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck, Germany
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Darharaj M, Habibi M, Kelly AB, Edalatmehr Z, Kazemitabar M. Predisposing personality traits and socio-familial factors of tendency toward substance use among soldiers. Journal of Substance Use 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2016.1195896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chan GCK, Kelly AB, Connor JP, Hall WD, Young RM, Williams JW. Does parental monitoring and disapproval explain variations in alcohol use among adolescents from different countries of birth? Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; 35:741-749. [DOI: 10.1111/dar.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary C. K. Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Jason P. Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
- Faculty of Health; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
| | - Wayne D. Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Australia
| | - Ross McD. Young
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health; The Royal Children's Hospital; Melbourne Australia
| | - Joanne W. Williams
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Melbourne Australia
- School of Health and Social Development; Deakin University; Melbourne Australia
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Kelly AB, Chan GCK, Weier M, Quinn C, Gullo MJ, Connor JP, Hall WD. Parental supply of alcohol to Australian minors: an analysis of six nationally representative surveys spanning 15 years. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:325. [PMID: 27074975 PMCID: PMC4831148 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most adolescents begin alcohol consumption during adolescence, heavy alcohol use by adolescents is common, and alcohol-related harm amongst adolescents is a major public health burden. Parents are a common source of alcohol amongst adolescents, but little is known about how parental supply of alcohol has changed over recent years. This study examines national trends in parental supply of alcohol to adolescent children in Australia since 1998. Methods Six Australian National Drug Strategy Household Surveys (1998–2013) yielded rates of parental supply of current and first ever alcohol consumed. Lifetime and current alcohol use were also estimated. The surveys were conducted for households across all Australian states and territories. Surveyed adolescents were aged 14–17 years (N = 7357, 47.6 % male). Measures included the reported source of currently consumed alcohol and first ever alcoholic beverage (parents/friends/others), lifetime alcohol use, number of standard alcohol units consumed on drinking days, and frequency of alcohol use. Corrected Pearson chi-squared tests were used to compare survey years. Results There was a significant drop in parental supply of current alcohol use from 21.3 % in 2004 to 11.79 % in 2013 (p < .001). The lower prevalence of parental supply coincided with legislative changes on parental supply of alcohol to adolescents, but causality cannot be established because of the variation in the timing and reach of parental supply legislation, and small samples in some states. There were downward trends in adolescent experimentation, quantity and frequency of alcohol use across years, with the largest drop in alcohol use in 2010 and 2013. Conclusions In Australia, there has been a substantial reduction in parental supply of alcohol to adolescents from 2010, and this factor may partially account for reductions in adolescent alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Megan Weier
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Catherine Quinn
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthew J Gullo
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.,School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wayne D Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Thomas HJ, Chan GCK, Scott JG, Connor JP, Kelly AB, Williams J. Association of different forms of bullying victimisation with adolescents' psychological distress and reduced emotional wellbeing. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2016; 50:371-9. [PMID: 26296367 DOI: 10.1177/0004867415600076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The frequency and emotional response to bullying victimisation are known to be associated with adolescent mental ill health. A potentially important under-investigated factor is the form of bullying. Four common forms of bullying behaviours are name-calling, physical threats or harm, rumour spreading and social exclusion. To more comprehensively understand bullying victimisation in adolescence, we examined the association of all three factors (frequency, emotional response, form) to psychological distress and emotional wellbeing. METHOD A stratified, random sample of adolescents (n = 10, 273; mean age = 14.33 years, standard deviation = 1.68 years) completed validated measures of bullying victimisation (Gatehouse Bullying Questionnaire), psychological distress (K10) and emotional wellbeing (Mental Health Inventory) in classroom time. Associations between the form of bullying victimisation and mental health outcomes were examined. RESULTS Adolescents reported a high prevalence of all four forms of bullying: teased or called names (30.6%), rumour spreading (17.9%), social exclusion (14.3%) and physical threats or harm (10.7%). Victimisation was independently associated with significantly higher levels of psychological distress and reduced levels of emotional wellbeing for all forms of bullying. In particular, social exclusion had a strong association with mental ill health. Adolescents who experienced frequent bullying that was upsetting reported higher psychological distress and reduced emotional wellbeing. CONCLUSION Different forms of bullying victimisation were independently associated with psychological distress and reduced emotional wellbeing. In particular, frequent and upsetting social exclusion requires a targeted and measured response by school communities and health practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Thomas
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - James G Scott
- The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Joanne Williams
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
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Chan GCK, Kelly AB, Hides L, Quinn C, Williams JW. Does gender moderate the relationship between polydrug use and sexual risk-taking among Australian secondary school students under 16 years of age? Drug Alcohol Rev 2016; 35:750-754. [PMID: 27004842 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS This study examines the association of alcohol and polydrug use with risky sexual behaviour in adolescents under 16 years of age and if this association differs by gender. DESIGN AND METHODS The sample consisted of 5412 secondary school students under 16 years of age from Victoria, Australia. Participants completed an anonymous and confidential survey during class time. The key measures were having had sex before legal age of consent (16 years), unprotected sex before 16 (no condom) and latent-class derived alcohol and polydrug use variables based on alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, inhalants and other illegal drug use in the past month. RESULTS There were 7.52% and 2.55% of adolescents who reported having sex and having unprotected sex before 16 years of age, respectively. After adjusting for antisocial behaviours, peers' drug use and family and school risk factors, girls were less likely to have unprotected sex (odds ratio = 0.31, P = 0.003). However, the interaction of being female and polydrug use (odds ratio = 4.52, P = 0.004) was significant, indicating that girls who engaged in polydrug use were at higher risk of having unprotected sex. For boys, the effect of polydrug use was non-significant (odds ratio = 1.44, P = 0.310). Discussion and Conclusions For girls, polydrug use was significantly associated with unprotected sex after adjusting for a range of risk factors, and this relationship was non-significant for boys. Future prevention programs for adolescent risky sexual behaviour and polydrug use might benefit from a tailored approach to gender differences. [Chan GCK, Kelly AB, Hides L, Quinn C, Williams JW. Does gender moderate the relationship between polydrug use and sexual risk-taking among Australian secondary school students under 16 years of age? Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:750-754].
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine Quinn
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joanne W Williams
- School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Population Health Studies of Adolescents and Health Services Delivery for Adolescents, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Kelly AB, Mason WA, Chmelka MB, Herrenkohl TI, Kim MJ, Patton GC, Hemphill SA, Toumbourou JW, Catalano RF. Depressed Mood During Early to Middle Adolescence: A Bi-national Longitudinal Study of the Unique Impact of Family Conflict. J Youth Adolesc 2016; 45:1604-13. [PMID: 26861643 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent depressed mood is related to the development of subsequent mental health problems, and family problems have been linked to adolescent depression. Longitudinal research on adolescent depressed mood is needed to establish the unique impact of family problems independent of other potential drivers. This study tested the extent to which family conflict exacerbates depressed mood during adolescence, independent of changes in depressed mood over time, academic performance, bullying victimization, negative cognitive style, and gender. Students (13 years old) participated in a three-wave bi-national study (n = 961 from the State of Washington, United States, n = 981 from Victoria, Australia; 98 % retention, 51 % female in each sample). The model was cross-lagged and controlled for the autocorrelation of depressed mood, negative cognitive style, academic failure, and bullying victimization. Family conflict partially predicted changes in depressed mood independent of changes in depressed mood over time and the other controls. There was also evidence that family conflict and adolescent depressed mood are reciprocally related over time. The findings were closely replicated across the two samples. The study identifies potential points of intervention to interrupt the progression of depressed mood in early to middle adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - W Alex Mason
- National Research Institute for Child and Family Studies, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Mary B Chmelka
- National Research Institute for Child and Family Studies, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Todd I Herrenkohl
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Min Jung Kim
- College of Social Welfare, Kangnam University, Yongin, South Korea
| | - George C Patton
- University of Melbourne and Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sheryl A Hemphill
- Learning Sciences Institute Australia and School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- School of Psychology and Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Chan GCK, Leung J, Quinn C, Kelly AB, Connor JP, Weier M, Hall WD. Rural and Urban Differences in Adolescent Alcohol Use, Alcohol Supply, and Parental Drinking. J Rural Health 2015; 32:280-6. [PMID: 26450773 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Alcohol use is more prevalent in rural than urban areas in adult populations. Few studies have focused on adolescent drinking. This study investigated if adolescents in regional and rural areas of Australia were more likely to drink alcohol and if there were differences in parental drinking and alcohol supply across regions. METHODS A subsample from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2013, the largest nationally representative household survey on drug use in Australia, was used for this study. Participants who were aged 12-17 (N = 1,159) and participants who indicated they were parents or guardians of a dependent child (N = 7,059) were included in the analyses. Key measures were adolescent and parental alcohol use, parental supply of alcohol, and drinking location. FINDINGS Compared to those living in major cities, adolescents from inner regional and rural areas were at 85% and 121% higher odds, respectively, of obtaining their first alcohol from parents, and at 131% and 287% higher odds of currently obtaining their alcohol from their parents. Those from rural areas were at 126% higher odds of drinking in the past 12 months. Parents from inner regional and rural areas were at 45% and 63% higher odds, respectively, of heavy drinking; at 27% and 52% higher odds of weekly drinking; and at 26% and 37% higher odds of drinking at home. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents from rural areas were at higher risk of alcohol use. Parents in rural areas were more likely to use alcohol in ways that encourage adolescent drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janni Leung
- Policy and Epidemiology Group, Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine Quinn
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason P Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan Weier
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne D Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,National Addiction Centre, Kings College, London, UK
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Kelly AB, Chan GCK, Mason WA, Williams JW. The relationship between psychological distress and adolescent polydrug use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2015; 29:787-93. [DOI: 10.1037/adb0000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Salom CL, Kelly AB, Alati R, Williams GM, Patton GC, Williams JW. Individual, school-related and family characteristics distinguish co-occurrence of drinking and depressive symptoms in very young adolescents. Drug Alcohol Rev 2015; 35:387-96. [PMID: 26121621 DOI: 10.1111/dar.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Alcohol misuse and depressed mood are common during early adolescence, and comorbidity of these conditions in adulthood is associated with poorer health and social outcomes, yet little research has examined the co-occurrence of these problems at early adolescence. This study assessed risky and protective characteristics of pre-teens with concurrent depressed mood/early alcohol use in a large school-based sample. DESIGN AND METHODS School children aged 10-14 years (n = 7289) from late primary and early secondary school classes in government, Catholic and independent sectors participated with parental consent in the cross-sectional Healthy Neighbourhoods Study. Key measures included depressed mood, recent alcohol use, school mobility, family relationship quality, school engagement and coping style. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to identify school and family-related factors that distinguished those with co-occurring drinking and depressive symptoms from those with either single condition. Gender and school-level interactions for each factor were evaluated. RESULTS Co-occurring conditions were reported by 5.7% of students [confidence interval (CI)95 5.19, 6.19]. Recent drinkers were more likely than non-drinkers to have symptoms consistent with depression (odds ratio 1.80; CI95 1.58, 2.03). Low school commitment was associated with co-occurring drinking/depressive symptoms (odds ratio 2.86; CI95 2.25, 3.65 compared with null condition). This association appeared to be weaker in the presence of adaptive stress-coping skills (odds ratio 0.18; CI95 0.14, 0.23). CONCLUSIONS We have identified factors that distinguish pre-teens with very early co-occurrence of drinking and depressed mood, and protective factors with potential utility for school-based prevention programmes targeting these conditions. [Salom CL, Kelly AB, Alati R, Williams GM, Patton GC, Williams JW. Individual, school-related and family characteristics distinguish co-occurrence of drinking and depressive symptoms in very young adolescents. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:387-396].
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Salom
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gail M Williams
- School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanne W Williams
- Centre for Adolescent Health, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
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Chan GC, Kelly AB, Connor JP, Hall W, Young RM, Toumbourou JW, Williams J. Regional versus urban differences in teenage alcohol use: Does parental disapproval account for these differences? Aust J Rural Health 2015; 24:3-8. [PMID: 25850371 DOI: 10.1111/ajr.12177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gary C.K. Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jason P. Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry; School of Medicine; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research; The University of Queensland; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Ross McD. Young
- Faculty of Health; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- School of Psychology; Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research; Deakin University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Joanne Williams
- Centre for Adolescent Health; Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- School of Health and Social Development; Deakin University
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Kelly AB, Evans-Whipp TJ, Smith R, Chan GCK, Toumbourou JW, Patton GC, Hemphill SA, Hall WD, Catalano RF. A longitudinal study of the association of adolescent polydrug use, alcohol use and high school non-completion. Addiction 2015; 110:627-35. [PMID: 25510264 PMCID: PMC4361375 DOI: 10.1111/add.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Failure to complete high school predicts substantial economic and social disadvantage in adult life. The aim of this study was to determine the longitudinal association of mid-adolescent polydrug use and high school non-completion, relative to other drug use profiles. DESIGN A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between polydrug use in three cohorts at grade 9 (age 14-15 years) and school non-completion (reported post-high school). SETTING A State-representative sample of students across Victoria, Australia. PARTICIPANTS A total of 2287 secondary school students from 152 high schools. The retention rate was 85%. MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was non-completion of grade 12 (assessed at age 19-23 years). At grade 9, predictors included 30-day use of eight drugs, school commitment, academic failure and peer drug use. Other controls included socio-economic status, family relationship quality, depressive symptoms, gender, age and cohort. FINDINGS Three distinct classes of drug use were identified-no drug use (31.7%), mainly alcohol use (61.8%) and polydrug use (6.5%). Polydrug users were characterized by high rates of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use. In the full model, mainly alcohol users and polydrug users were less likely to complete school than non-drug users [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17-2.03) and OR = 2.51, 95% CI = 1.45-4.33), respectively, P < 0.001]. These effects were independent of school commitment, academic failure, peer drug use and other controls. CONCLUSIONS Mid-adolescent polydrug use in Australia predicts subsequent school non-completion after accounting for a range of potential confounding factors. Adolescents who mainly consume alcohol are also at elevated risk of school non-completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian B. Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tracy J. Evans-Whipp
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Smith
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary C. K. Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Prevention Sciences, School of Psychology and Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George C. Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheryl A. Hemphill
- Prevention Sciences, School of Psychology and Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne D. Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Richard F. Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, United States
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Li HK, Kelly AB, Chan GCK, Toumbourou JW, Patton GC, Williams JW. The association of puberty and young adolescent alcohol use: do parents have a moderating role? Addict Behav 2014; 39:1389-93. [PMID: 24922528 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the extent to which parent-adolescent emotional closeness, family conflict, and parental permissiveness moderate the association of puberty and alcohol use in adolescents (aged 10-14). METHODS Cross-sectional survey of 7631 adolescents from 231 Australian schools. Measures included pubertal status, recent (30day) alcohol use, parent-adolescent emotional closeness, family conflict, parental permissiveness of alcohol use and peer alcohol use. The analysis was based on a two-level (individuals nested within schools) logistic regression model, with main effects entered first, and interaction terms added second. RESULTS The interaction of family factors and pubertal stage did not improve the fit of the model, so a main effect model of family factors and pubertal stage was adopted. There were significant main effects for pubertal stage with boys in middle puberty at increased odds of alcohol use, and girls in advanced puberty at increased odds of alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Puberty and family factors were strong predictors of adolescent alcohol use, but family factors did not account for variation in the association of pubertal stage and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Karen Li
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; School of Psychology and Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanne W Williams
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Kelly AB, Chan GC, White A, Saunders JB, Baker PJ, Connor JP. Is there any evidence of changes in patterns of concurrent drug use among young Australians 18-29 years between 2007 and 2010? Addict Behav 2014; 39:1249-52. [PMID: 24813551 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant minority of Australians engage in concurrent drug use (using more than one drug in a given period). We examined clusters and correlates of concurrent drug use using the latest available nationally representative survey data on Australian young adults. SAMPLE 3836 participants aged 18-29 years (mean age 24 years) from the 2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS). METHOD Clusters were distilled using latent class analysis of past year use of alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, ecstasy, ketamine, GHB, inhalants, steroids, barbiturates, meth/amphetamines, heroin, methadone/buprenorphine, other opiates, painkillers and tranquillisers/sleeping pills. RESULTS Concurrent drug use in this sample was best described using a 4-class solution. The majority (87.5%) of young adults predominantly used alcohol only (50.9%) or alcohol and tobacco (36.6%). 10.2% reported using alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and ecstasy, and 2.3% reported using an extensive range of drugs. CONCLUSION Most drug use clusters were robust in their profile and stable in their prevalence, indicating little meaningful change at the population level from 2007. The targeting of alcohol and tobacco use remains a priority, but openness to experiencing diverse drug-related effects remains a significant concern for 12.5% of young people in this age group.
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Quek LH, Chan GCK, White A, Connor JP, Baker PJ, Saunders JB, Kelly AB. Concurrent and simultaneous polydrug use: latent class analysis of an Australian nationally representative sample of young adults. Front Public Health 2013; 1:61. [PMID: 24350230 PMCID: PMC3860005 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2013.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use and illicit drug use peak during young adulthood (around 18-29 years of age), but comparatively little is known about polydrug use in nationally representative samples of young adults. Drawing on a nationally representative cross-sectional survey (Australian National Drug Strategy Household Survey), this study examines polydrug use patterns and associated psychosocial risk factors among young adults (n = 3,333; age 19-29). METHOD The use of a broad range of licit and illicit drugs were examined, including alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, ecstasy, ketamine, GHB, inhalants, steroids, barbiturates, meth/amphetamines, heroin, methadone/buprenorphine, other opiates, painkillers, and tranquilizers/sleeping pills. Latent class analysis was employed to identify patterns of polydrug use. RESULTS Polydrug use in this sample was best described using a 5-class solution. The majority of young adults predominantly used alcohol only (52.3%), alcohol and tobacco (34.18%). The other classes were cannabis, ecstasy, and licit drug use (9.4%), cannabis, amphetamine derivative, and licit drug use (2.8%), and sedative and alcohol use (1.3%). Young adult males with low education and/or high income were most at risk of polydrug use. CONCLUSION Almost half of young adults reported polydrug use, highlighting the importance of post-high school screening for key risk factors and polydrug use profiles, and the delivery of early intervention strategies targeting illicit drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lake-Hui Quek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Gary C. K. Chan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angela White
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason P. Connor
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter J. Baker
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - John B. Saunders
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Chan GCK, Kelly AB, Toumbourou JW, Hemphill SA, Young RM, Haynes MA, Catalano RF. Predicting steep escalations in alcohol use over the teenage years: age-related variations in key social influences. Addiction 2013; 108:1924-32. [PMID: 23834266 PMCID: PMC3797268 DOI: 10.1111/add.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study examined how family, peer and school factors are related to different trajectories of adolescent alcohol use at key developmental periods. DESIGN Latent class growth analysis was used to identify trajectories based on five waves of data (from grade 6, age 12 to grade 11, age 17), with predictors at grades 5, 7 and 9 included as covariates. SETTING Adolescents completed surveys during school hours. PARTICIPANTS A total of 808 students in Victoria, Australia. MEASUREMENTS Alcohol use trajectories were based on self-reports of 30-day frequency of alcohol use. Predictors included sibling alcohol use, attachment to parents, parental supervision, parental attitudes favourable to adolescent alcohol use, peer alcohol use and school commitment. FINDINGS A total of 8.2% showed steep escalation in alcohol use. Relative to non-users, steep escalators were predicted by age-specific effects for low school commitment at grade 7 (P = 0.031) and parental attitudes at grade 5 (P = 0.003), and age-generalized effects for sibling alcohol use (Ps = 0.001, 0.012, 0.033 at grades 5, 7 and 9, respectively) and peer alcohol use (Ps = 0.041, < 0.001, < 0.001 at grades 5, 7 and 9, respectively). Poor parental supervision was associated with steep escalators at grade 9 (P < 0.001) but not the other grades. Attachment to parents was unrelated to alcohol trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Parental disapproval of alcohol use before transition to high school, low school commitment at transition to high school, and sibling and peer alcohol use during adolescence are associated with a higher risk of steep escalations in alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C. K. Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Adrian B. Kelly
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, and Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
,Centre for Adolescent Health, Melbourne, Australia
,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Ross McD. Young
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michele A. Haynes
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Thomas
- Faculty of Health Sciences Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Chan GCK, Kelly AB, Toumbourou JW. Accounting for the association of family conflict and heavy alcohol use among adolescent girls: the role of depressed mood. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2013; 74:396-405. [PMID: 23490568 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2013.74.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heavy alcohol use increases dramatically at age 14, and there is emerging cross-sectional evidence that when girls experience family conflict at younger ages (11-13 years) the risk of alcohol use and misuse is high. This study evaluated the role of family conflict and subsequent depressed mood in predicting heavy alcohol use among adolescent girls. METHOD This was a three-wave longitudinal study with annual assessments (modal ages 12, 13, and 14 years). The participants (N = 886, 57% female) were from 12 metropolitan schools in Victoria, Australia, and participants completed questionnaires during school class time. The key measures were based on the Communities That Care Youth Survey and included family conflict (Wave 1), depressed mood (Wave 2), and heavy alcohol use (Wave 3). Control variables included school commitment, number of peers who consumed alcohol, whether parents were living together, and ethnic background. RESULTS With all controls in the model, depressed mood at Wave 2 was predicted by family conflict at Wave 1. The interaction of family conflict with gender was significant, with girls showing a stronger association of family conflict and depressed mood. Depressed mood at Wave 2 predicted heavy alcohol use at Wave 3. CONCLUSIONS Girls may be especially vulnerable to family conflict, and subsequent depressed mood increases the risk of heavy alcohol use. The results support the need for gender-sensitive family-oriented prevention programs delivered in late childhood and early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary C K Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, University of Queensland, Royal Women's and Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Lau WYP, Kelly AB, Peterson CC. Further Evidence on the Factorial Structure of the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) for Adults With and Without a Clinical Diagnosis of Autism. J Autism Dev Disord 2013; 43:2807-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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White A, Chan GCK, Quek LH, Connor JP, Saunders JB, Baker P, Brackenridge C, Kelly AB. The topography of multiple drug use among adolescent Australians: findings from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey. Addict Behav 2013; 38:2068-73. [PMID: 23403274 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Despite evidence that many Australian adolescents have considerable experience with various drug types, little is known about the extent to which adolescents use multiple substances. The aim of this study was to examine the degree of clustering of drug types within individuals, and the extent to which demographic and psychosocial predictors are related to cluster membership. DESIGN AND METHOD A sample of 1402 adolescents aged 12-17 years were extracted from the Australian 2007 National Drug Strategy Household Survey. Extracted data included lifetime use of 10 substances, gender, psychological distress, physical health, perceived peer substance use, socioeconomic disadvantage, and regionality. Latent class analysis was used to determine clusters, and multinomial logistic regression employed to examine predictors of cluster membership. RESULT There were 3 latent classes. The great majority (79.6%) of adolescents used alcohol only, 18.3% were limited range multidrug users (encompassing alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana), and 2% were extended range multidrug users. Perceived peer drug use and psychological distress predicted limited and extended multiple drug use. Psychological distress was a more significant predictor of extended multidrug use compared to limited multidrug use. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION In the Australian school-based prevention setting, a very strong focus on alcohol use and the linkages between alcohol, tobacco and marijuana are warranted. Psychological distress may be an important target for screening and early intervention for adolescents who use multiple drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela White
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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