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Bailey JA, Le VT, McMorris BJ, Merrin GJ, Heerde JA, Batmaz EA, Toumbourou JW. Longitudinal associations between adult-supervised drinking during adolescence and alcohol misuse from ages 25-31 years: A comparison of Australia and the United States. Addict Behav 2024; 153:107984. [PMID: 38401424 PMCID: PMC10947807 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.107984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Prior studies suggest that adult supervised drinking in adolescence predicts greater adolescent alcohol misuse. Long-term follow up data examining how adult supervised drinking during adolescence relates to alcohol misuse in adulthood are lacking. Longitudinal data from the International Youth Development Study tested associations between adult supervised drinking during adolescence (ages 13-16; 2002-2004) and adult alcohol misuse (ages 25-31; 2014, 2018, 2020). Cross-nationally matched samples were compared in Washington State, USA (n = 961) and Victoria, Australia (n = 1,957; total N = 2,918, 55 % female, 83 % White), where adult-supervised adolescent alcohol use was more common. Multilevel analyses adjusted for state, sex, adolescent drinking, parent education, family management, family history of substance use problems, and parent alcohol-related norms. Adult supervised drinking in adolescence (at dinner or parties, on holidays) predicted more adult alcohol misuse (mean Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test score; b[SE] 0.07[0.03]; p = 0.004) and higher rates of alcohol-impaired driving (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.501, p = 0.034) and riding with an alcohol-impaired driver (OR 1.669, p = 0.005), but not the use of strategies to moderate alcohol intake (e.g., counting drinks). Better family management (monitoring, clear rules) in adolescence predicted less adult alcohol misuse. Associations were similar in the two states. Reducing the frequency of adult supervised drinking and improving family management practices in adolescence may help to decrease alcohol misuse well into adulthood. Findings support the widespread implementation of substance use prevention and family management training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Vi T Le
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Barbara J McMorris
- School of Nursing, University of Minnesota, 5-140 Weaver-Densford Hall, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Gabriel J Merrin
- Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, 150 Crouse Dr., Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Department of Social Work, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Ebru A Batmaz
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia.
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Kerr DCR, Tiberio SS, Bailey JA, Epstein M, Henry KL, Capaldi DM. Youth Exposure to Recreational Cannabis Legalization: Moderation of Effects by Sex and Parental Cannabis Use during Adolescence. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:947-952. [PMID: 38316769 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2310495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few studies of recreational cannabis legalization (RCL) have assessed adolescents both before and after RCL or considered moderators of RCL effects. The present study tested whether RCL was more strongly associated with cannabis use for girls and among youth whose parents had a history of cannabis use during adolescence. METHOD Data were pooled from 940 adolescents from three intergenerational studies that began in Washington (where RCL was enacted in 2012), Oregon (RCL year = 2015), and New York (RCL year = 2021). Youth were assessed repeatedly from ages 13 to 18 years (k = 3,650 person-years) from 1999 to 2020 (prior to RCL in New York). Parent cannabis use at or before age 18 years (yes/no) was assessed prospectively during the parent's adolescence. Multilevel models focused on the between-subjects effects of years of youth exposure to RCL on adolescents' mean cannabis use likelihood, and interactions with child sex and parent use history. RESULTS Child exposure to RCL was associated with a higher likelihood of cannabis use if their parents had a history of adolescent use, (Estimate [SE] = 0.67 [0.25], p = 0.008), versus no such history (Estimate [SE] = -0.05 [0.28], p = 0.855). RCL effects were not moderated by child sex. CONCLUSIONS The effects of RCL on adolescents' cannabis use may depend on their parents' history of using the drug. Identifying other moderators of RCL effects, and understanding the mechanisms of these risks and the ways that parents and communities can offset them, are prevention priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kimberly L Henry
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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Le VT, Bailey JA, Pandika DM, Epstein M, Satchell K. Long-term Effects of the Raising Healthy Children Intervention on Family Functioning in Adulthood: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. J Prev (2022) 2024; 45:17-25. [PMID: 37973659 PMCID: PMC10872592 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-023-00753-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Some universal prevention programs, such as Raising Healthy Children (RHC), have shown persisting and wide-ranging benefits in adulthood, long after the intervention has ended. Recent studies suggest that benefits may continue into the next generation as well. This study examines whether the RHC intervention, delivered in childhood, may promote healthy family functioning among participants who now have families of their own. Participants were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP), a nonrandomized controlled trial of the RHC intervention prospectively following youths from 18 elementary schools in Seattle, Washington from 1985 to 2014. Participants who became parents were enrolled in an intergenerational study, along with their oldest biological child and an additional caregiver who shared responsibility for raising the child. Ten waves of data were collected between 2002 and 2018. The present analysis includes 298 SSDP parents, 258 caregivers who identified as a parent or partner of SSDP parent ("co-parent"), and 231 offspring. The SSDP parent sample was composed of 41.6% male, 21.1% Asian or Pacific Islander, 24.2% Black or African American, 6.4% Native American, and 48.3% white individuals. No significant intervention effects were found on adult romantic relationship quality; offspring bonding to co-parent; or co-parent past-month use of cannabis, cigarettes, or binge drinking. Findings highlight the continued need to understand how the benefits of theory-guided universal preventive interventions are sustained across the life course and how they may or may not shape family functioning for those who go on to have families and children of their own.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04075019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vi T Le
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Danielle M Pandika
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karryn Satchell
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Bailey JA, Morton AJ, Jones J, Chapman CJ, Oliver S, Morling JR, Patel H, Humes DJ, Banerjea A. 'Low' faecal immunochemical test (FIT) colorectal cancer: a 4-year comparison of the Nottingham '4F' protocol with FIT10 in symptomatic patients. Colorectal Dis 2024; 26:309-316. [PMID: 38173125 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this work was to evaluate colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes after 'low' (sub-threshold) faecal immunochemical test (FIT) results in symptomatic patients tested in primary care. METHOD This work comprised a retrospective audit of 35 289 patients with FIT results who had consulted their general practitioner with lower gastrointestinal symptoms and had subsequent CRC diagnoses. The Rapid Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis pathway was introduced in November 2017 to allow incorporation of FIT into clinical practice. The local '4F' protocol combined FIT results with blood tests and digital rectal examination (DRE): FIT, full blood count, ferritin and finger [DRE]. The outcome used was detection rates of CRC, missed CRC and time to diagnosis in local 4F protocols for patients with a subthreshold faecal haemoglobin (fHb) result compared with thresholds of 10 and 20 μg Hb/g faeces. RESULTS A single threshold of 10 μg Hb/g faeces identifies a population in whom the risk of CRC is 0.2%, but this would have missed 63 (10.5%) of 599 CRCs in this population. The Nottingham 4F protocol would have missed fewer CRCs [42 of 599 (7%)] despite using a threshold of 20 μg Hb/g faeces for patients with normal blood tests. Subthreshold FIT results in patients subsequently diagnosed with a palpable rectal tumour yielded the longest delays in diagnosis. CONCLUSION A combination of FIT with blood results and DRE (the 4F protocol) reduced the risk of missed or delayed diagnosis. Further studies on the impact of such protocols on the diagnostic accuracy of FIT are expected. The value of adding blood tests to FIT may be restricted to specific parts of the fHb results spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bailey
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A J Morton
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- Queens Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Jones
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - C J Chapman
- Eastern Hub, Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Oliver
- NHS Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Integrated Care Board, Nottingham, UK
| | - J R Morling
- NHS Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Integrated Care Board, Nottingham, UK
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - H Patel
- NHS Nottingham and Nottinghamshire Integrated Care Board, Nottingham, UK
| | - D J Humes
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Banerjea
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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Heerde JA, McMorris BJ, Gewirtz O'Brien JR, Bailey JA, Toumbourou JW. Health and Social Vulnerabilities Among Unstably Housed and Homeless Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Health Promot Pract 2023:15248399231217447. [PMID: 38102808 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231217447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The role of housing as a social driver of health is well-established, with stable housing being an important factor in reducing health inequities. During developmentally critical periods such as young adulthood, unstable housing and related social marginalization have profound effects on development and later health, social, and economic wellbeing. This exploratory study analyzed data from a population-based, longitudinal sample of young adults (average age 31 years) from Washington State (n = 755) to compare health and economic impacts of the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on housing status. Descriptive results suggest the pandemic exposed underlying vulnerabilities for young adults experiencing homelessness and housing instability, with an overall widening of inequities related to financial difficulties and increased risk for poor mental health and social isolation. Findings suggest that these vulnerabilities are magnified in the context of public health crises and strengthen the case for population-based studies investigating potential modifiable causes of housing instability to inform prevention and early intervention at the earliest possible point in a young person's development. Studies examining the severity of COVID-related hardships on young adult health and social outcomes are vital for establishing an evidence base for strategic policy action that seeks to prevent a rebound in young adult homelessness and housing instability post-pandemic. These studies would bolster both emergency preparedness responses that account for the unique needs of vulnerable populations and upstream population-level prevention approaches beginning long before the imminent risk for housing instability develops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | - John W Toumbourou
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Bailey JA, Pandika D, Le VT, Epstein M, Steeger CM, Hawkins JD. Testing Cross-Generational Effects of the Raising Healthy Children Intervention on Young Adult Offspring of Intervention Participants. Prev Sci 2023; 24:1376-1385. [PMID: 37733189 PMCID: PMC10948000 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
This study tested whether effects of a preventive intervention delivered in elementary school showed benefits for the young adult offspring of intervention recipients over 20 years later. The Raising Healthy Children (RHC) intervention, trialed in 18 public schools in Seattle, Washington, from 1980-1986 (grades 1-6), sought to build strong bonds to family and school to promote school success and avoidance of substance use and illegal behavior. Four intervention groups were constituted: full, late, parent training only, and control. Participants were followed through 2014 (age 39 years). Those who became parents were enrolled in an intergenerational study along with their oldest offspring (10 assessments between 2002 and 2018). This study includes young adult offspring (ages 18-25 years; n = 169; 52% female; 4% Asian, 25% Black, 40% multiracial, 4% Native American, 2% Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 25% White, and 14% Hispanic/Latinx) of participants in the original RHC trial. Offspring outcome measures included high school noncompletion, financial functioning, alcohol misuse, cannabis misuse, cigarette use, criminal behavior, internalizing behavior, social skills, and social bonding. A global test across all young adult outcome measures showed that offspring of parents who received the full RHC intervention reported better overall functioning compared to offspring of control group parents. Analyses of individual outcomes showed that offspring of full intervention group parents reported better financial functioning than offspring of control group parents. Findings show the potential of universal preventive interventions to provide long-term benefits that reach into the next generation. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04075019; retrospectively registered in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, 98115, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Danielle Pandika
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, 98115, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vi T Le
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, 98115, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, 98115, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, 98115, Seattle, WA, USA
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7
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Oesterle S, Bailey JA, Catalano RF, Epstein M, Evans-Whipp TJ, Toumbourou JW. Alcohol-Tolerant Workplace Environments Are a Risk Factor for Young Adult Alcohol Misuse on and off the Job in Australia and the United States. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6725. [PMID: 37754585 PMCID: PMC10530761 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20186725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The workplace has been understudied as a setting for the prevention of young adult alcohol misuse. This study examined if alcohol-tolerant workplace environments are associated with greater risk for alcohol use and misuse on and off the job among young adults. Data were collected in 2014 from state-representative, sex-balanced samples (51% female) of 25-year-olds in Washington, U.S. (n = 751) and Victoria, Australia (n = 777). Logistic regressions indicated that availability of alcohol at work, absence of a written alcohol policy, and alcohol-tolerant workplace norms and attitudes were independently associated with a 1.5 to 3 times greater odds of on-the-job alcohol use or impairment. Alcohol-tolerant workplace norms were associated also with greater odds of high-risk drinking generally, independent of on-the-job alcohol use or impairment. Associations were mostly similar in Washington and Victoria, although young adults in Victoria perceived their workplaces to be more alcohol-tolerant and were more likely to use alcohol or be impaired at work and to misuse alcohol generally than young adults in Washington. Cross-nationally, workplace interventions that restrict the availability of alcohol, ban alcohol at work, and reduce alcohol-tolerant norms have the potential to prevent and reduce young adults' alcohol use and misuse on and off the job.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Oesterle
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 400 E. Van Buren St., Suite 801, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite #401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA; (J.A.B.)
| | - Richard F. Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite #401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA; (J.A.B.)
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite #401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA; (J.A.B.)
| | - Tracy J. Evans-Whipp
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
- The University of Melbourne Department of Pediatrics, Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 1 Gheringhap Street, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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8
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Taliaferro LA, Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Toumbourou JW, McMorris BJ. Adolescent Predictors of Deliberate Self-Harm Thoughts and Behavior Among Young Adults: A Longitudinal Cross-National Study. J Adolesc Health 2023; 73:61-69. [PMID: 36914447 PMCID: PMC10293113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study builds upon and extends previous longitudinal research on deliberate self-harm (DSH) among youth by investigating which risk and protective factors during adolescence predict DSH thoughts and behavior in young adulthood. METHODS Self-report data came from 1,945 participants recruited as state-representative cohorts from Washington State and Victoria, Australia. Participants completed surveys in seventh grade (average age 13 years), as they transitioned through eighth and ninth grades and online at age 25 years. Retention of the original sample at age 25 years was 88%. A range of risk and protective factors in adolescence for DSH thoughts and behavior in young adulthood were examined using multivariable analyses. RESULTS Across the sample, 9.55% (n = 162) and 2.83% (n = 48) of young adult participants reported DSH thoughts and behaviors, respectively. In the combined risk-protective factor multivariable model for young adulthood DSH thoughts, depressive symptoms in adolescence (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.05; confidence interval [CI] = 1.00-1.09) increased risk, while higher levels of adolescent adaptive coping strategies (AOR = 0.46; CI = 0.28-0.74), higher levels of adolescent community rewards for prosocial behavior (AOR = 0.73; CI = 0.57-0.93), and living in Washington State decreased risk. In the final multivariable model for DSH behavior in young adulthood, less positive family management strategies during adolescence remained the only significant predictor (AOR = 1.90; CI = 1.01-3.60). DISCUSSION DSH prevention and intervention programs should not only focus on managing depression and building/enhancing family connections and support but also promote resilience through efforts to promote adaptive coping and connections to adults within one's community who recognize and reward prosocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Taliaferro
- Department of Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida.
| | - Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Rowland BC, Mohebbi M, Kelly AB, Benstead ML, Herde JA, Clancy EM, Bailey JA, Hallam B, Sharkey P, Horner R, Toumbourou JW. Correction to: School Influences on Adolescent Depression: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study Amongst Catholic, Government and Independent Schools, in Victoria, Australia. J Relig Health 2023; 62:1157-1158. [PMID: 35352240 PMCID: PMC10042743 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bosco C Rowland
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- Faculty of Health, Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Michelle L Benstead
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Jess A Herde
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Clancy
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | | | - Bill Hallam
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Paul Sharkey
- Melbourne Archdiocese Catholic Schools, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
- Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Robyn Horner
- Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
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10
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Rowland BC, Mohebbi M, Kelly AB, Benstead ML, Herde JA, Clancy EM, Bailey JA, Hallam B, Sharkey P, Horner R, Toumbourou JW. School Influences on Adolescent Depression: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study Amongst Catholic, Government and Independent Schools, in Victoria, Australia. J Relig Health 2023; 62:1136-1156. [PMID: 35286561 PMCID: PMC10042755 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study examined associations between school sector (Government, Catholic or Independent) and depressive symptomology over the secondary school years. Six waves of data collected annually from a representative Australian sample were examined. Multilevel piecewise linear and logistic regression controlling for a variety of demographic variables and protective factors was undertaken. In all sectors, depressive symptomology decreased between 10 and 13 years of age, but significantly increased for girls at age 13. Adolescents in Catholic schools reported significantly fewer symptoms of depression compared to those in Government and Independent schools. Adolescents in Catholic schools were less likely to report clinical levels of depressed mood compared to adolescents in Government schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosco C Rowland
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Mohammadreza Mohebbi
- Faculty of Health, Biostatistics Unit, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Michelle L Benstead
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Jess A Herde
- School of Social Work, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth M Clancy
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | | | - Bill Hallam
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Paul Sharkey
- Melbourne Archdiocese Catholic Schools, East Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
- Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Robyn Horner
- Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre of Social, Early and Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3125, Australia
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11
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Bailey JA, Tiberio SS, Kerr DCR, Epstein M, Henry KL, Capaldi DM. Effects of Cannabis Legalization on Adolescent Cannabis Use Across 3 Studies. Am J Prev Med 2023; 64:361-367. [PMID: 36372654 PMCID: PMC9975019 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Canada, Uruguay, and 18 states in the U.S. have legalized the use of nonmedical (recreational) cannabis for adults, yet the impact of legalization on adolescent cannabis use remains unclear. This study examined whether cannabis legalization for adults predicted changes in the probability of cannabis use among adolescents aged 13-18 years. METHODS Data were drawn from 3 longitudinal studies of youth (spanning 1999-2020) centered in 3 U.S. states: Oregon, New York, and Washington. During this time, Oregon (2015) and Washington (2012) passed cannabis legalization; New York did not. In each study, youth average age was 15 years (total N=940; 49%-56% female, 11%-81% Black/African American and/or Latinx). Multilevel modeling (in 2021) of repeated measures tested whether legalization predicted within- or between-person change in past-year cannabis use or use frequency over time. RESULTS Change in legalization status across adolescence was not significantly related to within-person change in the probability or frequency of self-reported past-year cannabis use. At the between-person level, youth who spent more of their adolescence under legalization were no more or less likely to have used cannabis at age 15 years than adolescents who spent little or no time under legalization. CONCLUSIONS This study addresses several limitations of repeated cross-sectional studies of the impact of cannabis legalization on adolescent cannabis use. Findings are not consistent with changes in the prevalence or frequency of adolescent cannabis use after legalization. Ongoing surveillance and analyses of subpopulations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group (SDRG), School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | | | | | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group (SDRG), School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kimberly L Henry
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Heerde JA, Merrin GJ, Le VT, Toumbourou JW, Bailey JA. Health of Young Adults Experiencing Social Marginalization and Vulnerability: A Cross-National Longitudinal Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1711. [PMID: 36767076 PMCID: PMC9914820 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
People who experience social marginalization and vulnerability have uniquely complex health needs and are at risk of poor health outcomes. Regression analyses using longitudinal data from a cross-national, population-based sample of young adults participating in the International Youth Development Study, tested associations between social marginalization and vulnerabilities and physical health, mental health, and substance use outcomes. Participants from Victoria, Australia, and Washington State in the US were surveyed at ages 25 (2014) and 29 years (2018; N = 1944; 46.7% male). A history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), LGBT identity, financial insecurity, and justice system involvement at age 25 predicted poor health outcomes at age 28, including lower perceived health status, risk for chronic illness, depression and anxiety symptoms, and diagnosed mental health/substance use disorders. Tests of model equivalence across states showed that a history of ACEs was more strongly related to health status and serious injury at age 28 and justice system involvement at age 25 was more strongly related to age 28 serious injury in Victoria than in Washington State. Findings strengthen the case for future population-based research identifying life-course interventions and state policies for reducing poor health and improving health equity among members of socially marginalized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Department of Social Work, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Gabriel J. Merrin
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Vi T. Le
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville 3052, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
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13
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Doery E, Satyen L, Paradies Y, Rowland B, Bailey JA, Heerde JA, Renner H, Smith R, Toumbourou JW. Young Adult Development Indicators for Indigenous and Non-Indigenous People: A Cross-National Longitudinal Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:17084. [PMID: 36554965 PMCID: PMC9779129 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, Indigenous youth face ongoing challenges and inequalities. Increasing our understanding of life course patterns in Indigenous youth will assist the design of strategies and interventions that encourage positive development. This study aimed to increase understanding of resilience and positive development in Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth across Australia and the United States of America. The Australian sample comprised 9680 non-Indigenous and 176 Pacific Islander and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The USA sample comprised 2258 non-Indigenous and 220 Pacific Islander, Native Hawaiian and Native American/American Indian peoples. Data were used to examine how Indigenous background, volunteering, and community involvement at average age 15 years (Grade 9) predicted five young adult positive development indicators: Year 12 (Grade 12) school completion, tertiary education participation, independent income, paid employment, and intimate relationship formation from age 18 to 28 years. Multilevel regression analyses revealed that while Indigenous youth showed slower increases in positive young adult development over time, when adjusting for socioeconomic disadvantage, there was a reduction in this difference. Moreover, we found that Grade 9 community involvement and volunteering were positively associated with young adult development for Indigenous and non-Indigenous youth. Findings indicate the importance of addressing structural inequalities and increasing adolescent opportunities as feasible strategies to improve positive outcomes for young Indigenous adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Doery
- School of Psychology, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Lata Satyen
- School of Psychology, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Yin Paradies
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Bosco Rowland
- Monash Addiction Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Level 2 West, Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - Heidi Renner
- School of Psychology, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
| | - Rachel Smith
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville 3052, Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, Burwood Campus, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood 3125, Australia
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14
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Patton GC, Toumbourou JW. A population-based study of homelessness, antisocial behaviour and violence victimisation among young adults in Victoria, Australia. Aust J Soc Issues 2022; 57:762-782. [PMID: 36530738 PMCID: PMC9748854 DOI: 10.1002/ajs4.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Homeless young adults are at increased risk for contact with the police and are overrepresented in the justice system. This study explored associations between homelessness, antisocial behaviour and violence victimisation using longitudinal panel data gathered through young adulthood. Data were drawn from a state representative population-based sample of young adults from Victoria, Australia participating in the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; n = 2884, 54% female). Participants were surveyed at age 21 years, with follow-up at ages 23 and 25 years. We examined changes in the prevalence of homelessness and tested hypothesised directional relationships between young adult homelessness, antisocial behaviour and violence victimisation using longitudinal cross-lagged panel models. Multiple-group modelling was used to test whether these relationships were moderated by gender. The prevalence of young adult homelessness was highest at age 21 (6.5%), declining at ages 23 (3.9%) and 25 years (2.5%). Results showed that young adult homelessness, antisocial behaviour and victimisation were related cross-sectionally, but not longitudinally. Gender did not significantly moderate these associations. Findings suggest that the state of homelessness is associated with temporary vulnerability to potentially harmful and problematic situations involving antisocial behaviour and victimisation. These situations are likely to heighten risk for contact with the police and direct physical and psychological harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Social WorkThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research GroupSchool of Social WorkUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | - George C. Patton
- Department of PaediatricsThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- Centre for Adolescent HealthRoyal Children’s HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children’s Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- School of PsychologyCentre for Social and Early Emotional DevelopmentDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
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Pandika D, Bailey JA, Oesterle S, Kuklinski MR. Young adult opioid misuse indicates a general tendency toward substance use and is strongly predicted by general substance use risk. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 235:109442. [PMID: 35461085 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether young adult opioid misuse reflects a general tendency toward substance use and is influenced by general substance use risk or whether it is a different phenomenon from other drug use. METHODS At ages 23 (2016) and 26 (2019), a panel of young adults (n = 3794 to 3833) in the United States self-reported their past-month substance use (opioid misuse, heavy drinking, cigarettes, cannabis) and substance-specific risk factors (perceptions of harm; approval of use; and use of each substance by friends and romantic partners). Structural equation models examined non-opioid and opioid-specific associations between latent risk and substance use factors. RESULTS Opioid misuse and opioid-specific risk factors shared significant variance with latent substance use and latent substance use risk, respectively, which were strongly associated. A statistically significant residual correlation between opioid-specific risk and opioid misuse remained. CONCLUSION Young adult opioid misuse reflects a general tendency toward substance use and is strongly predicted by risk for substance use. Opioid-specific risk factors play only a small independent role. Existing evidence-based substance use interventions may be effective in preventing opioid misuse among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Pandika
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Sabrina Oesterle
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 400 E Van Buren St, Suite 800, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Margaret R Kuklinski
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
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Kosterman R, Epstein M, Bailey JA, Hawkins JD. Is e-cigarette use associated with better health and functioning among smokers approaching midlife? Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 234:109395. [PMID: 35278808 PMCID: PMC9018571 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many adult smokers have tried electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) as a less harmful alternative to combustible cigarettes. There is limited evidence, however, for the extent to which switching to e-cigarettes is associated with better health and functioning among nicotine users approaching their 40s-the beginning of midlife-when many health issues become more evident. This study examined the adoption of e-cigarette use ("vaping") among smokers in their 30s, and its association with diverse measures of healthy and successful aging at age 39. METHODS Data were from the Seattle Social Development Project, a panel study of 808 diverse participants with high retention (88%-91%). A subsample of 156 who used combustible cigarettes (smoked) at age 30 and smoked or vaped at age 39 was selected for analysis. A measure of vaping frequency, relative to combustible cigarette use, was computed from self-reports of past-month vaping and smoking at age 39. Nine measures of health and functioning in the past year were computed at age 39, with nine corresponding measures at age 30. RESULTS Among smokers at age 30, 36% adopted vaping some or all of the time by age 39. Higher relative vaping frequency was related to 4 of 9 outcomes examined, including significantly more exercise, more constructive engagement, better physical health, and higher SES at age 39, accounting for prior behaviors at age 30. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that, among smokers in their 30s, replacing combustible cigarettes with vaping may be associated with key markers of healthy and successful aging to age 39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
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17
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Bailey JA, Epstein M, Kosterman R. Parent ENDS use predicts adolescent and young adult offspring ENDS use above and beyond parent cigarette use. Addict Behav 2022; 125:107157. [PMID: 34715489 PMCID: PMC8722400 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prior research has showed that parent combustible cigarette use predicts cigarette use among their offspring. This study used prospective longitudinal data from parents and offspring to test whether parent electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use predicted a higher probability of ENDS use among their offspring. METHODS Data were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project - The Intergenerational Project (SSDP-TIP). Analyses included 295 families; 7% of parents were Native American/Alaskan Native, 18% were Asian American, 28% were African American, and 47% were European American. Multilevel modeling (in 2020) of data collected in 2015, 2016, and 2017 tested associations between parent self-reported ENDS use and concurrent self-reported ENDS use among offspring ages 10-25 years (53% female). Parent combustible cigarette use was controlled. Analyses also examined the role of parent and offspring perceptions of the safety of ENDS in predicting offspring ENDS use. RESULTS About 12% of offspring and 8% of parents reported past-month ENDS use. Parent ENDS use predicted a higher probability of child ENDS use (Odds Ratio 5.68, p = .01), even after controlling parent past month cigarette use. Beyond parent nicotine product use, offspring perceptions of ENDS safety - but not parent perceptions of ENDS safety - contributed independently to offspring probability of past-month ENDS use. CONCLUSIONS It is important for parents, health providers, and policymakers to focus on preventing ENDS use among offspring of parents who use ENDS.
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18
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Kosterman R, Epstein M, Bailey JA, Furlong M, Hawkins JD. The role of electronic cigarette use for quitting or reducing combustible cigarette use in the 30s: Longitudinal changes and moderated relationships. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 227:108940. [PMID: 34358769 PMCID: PMC8464509 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence for use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) as a potential aid in quitting or reducing combustible cigarette (c-cig) use is mixed. This study examined the extent to which e-cig initiation among smokers in their 30 s predicted quitting or reducing smoking or nicotine dependence symptoms by age 39, and whether the role of e-cigs in quitting differed by prospectively assessed moderators. METHODS Data were from the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP), a panel study of 808 diverse participants with high retention. A subsample of 221 smokers at age 33 was selected for analysis. Self-reports of c-cig use and dependence were assessed longitudinally at ages 33 and 39. Sixteen potential moderators were examined, including social demographics, smoking attitudes and desire to quit, other health behaviors and status, and adolescent and early adult assessments of smoking history. RESULTS The use of e-cigs was consistently associated with a lower likelihood of quitting c-cigs by age 39, after accounting for frequency of prior c-cig use at age 33. This negative association persisted across all moderators examined, although it was nonsignificant among those with a definite desire to cut down. Among those who did not quit smoking, e-cig use had no association with decreases in either quantity of c-cigs used or dependence symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that e-cigarette use was not helpful for quitting or reducing combustible cigarette use in the 30 s. Rather, across extensive tests of moderation, e-cig initiation consistently predicted less quitting during this important age period for successful cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Madeline Furlong
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - J. David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 Third Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Kelly AB, McMorris BJ, Patton GC, Toumbourou JW. Life-course predictors of homelessness from adolescence into adulthood: A population-based cohort study. J Adolesc 2021; 91:15-24. [PMID: 34271292 PMCID: PMC8423126 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Internationally, the prevalence of young adult homelessness is concerning. Few data on life-course predictors from longitudinal studies exist, limiting our capacity to inform prevention strategies at the population-level. METHODS Data were drawn from a state representative population-based sample of young adults from Victoria, Australia participating in the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; N = 927, 54% female). Participants were recruited in state-representative secondary school samples at Grade 7 (age 13, 2002), with follow-up in Grades 9 (age 15) and 11 (age 17) and at ages 21, 23 and 25. Using longitudinal path modelling, we conducted a series of analyses testing life-course predictors of young adult homelessness across multiple socializing contexts, and the interrelationships among them. RESULTS The rate of young adult homelessness was 5.5%. Path modelling showed higher levels of family conflict at ages 13 and 15 uniquely predicted homelessness by age 25. This effect remained after accounting for other risk factors in peer-group (e.g., interactions with antisocial peers), school (e.g., low academic performance), and community contexts (e.g., low neighborhood attachment). Peer drug use and interaction with antisocial peers at age 15 mediated the association between family conflict at age 13 and homelessness by age 25. CONCLUSIONS Findings point to the vulnerability of early adolescents to family conflict. This vulnerability heightens risk for young adult homelessness. Findings strengthen the case for both primary prevention programs that build healthy relationships between family members from early on in adolescence and for investment in homelessness prevention at key developmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Honorary Research Fellow, The Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA
| | - Adrian B Kelly
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | | | - George C Patton
- Professorial Fellow in Adolescent Health Research, Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University; and Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
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Henry KL, Agbeke DV, Tiberio SS, Kerr DCR, Capaldi DM, Bailey JA, Epstein M. Does Parents' Age at First Birth Moderate Intergenerational Continuity in Early-Onset Cannabis Use? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021. [DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L. Henry
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Della V. Agbeke
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington–Seattle, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington–Seattle, Seattle, Washington
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21
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Toumbourou JW, Rowland B, Catalano RF. Longitudinal Associations Between Early-Mid Adolescent Risk and Protective Factors and Young Adult Homelessness in Australia and the United States. Prev Sci 2021; 21:557-567. [PMID: 31965426 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01092-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Homelessness is associated with a range of negative health and behavioral outcomes, yet life-course pathways to homelessness from adolescence to early adulthood are not well-documented. This study asks to what extent do early-mid adolescent risk and protective factors predict young adult homelessness, and whether the predictive nature of these factors is similar in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State in the USA. As part of the International Youth Development Study, adolescents were recruited as state representative secondary school samples at grade 7 (age 13, 2002) and longitudinally compared at average age 25. Higher rates of past year homelessness were reported by Washington State (5.24%), compared to Victorian young adults (3.25%). Although some cross-state differences in levels of adolescent demographic, individual, family, peer group, school, and community predictors were found, cross-state comparisons showed these factors were equally predictive of young adult homelessness in both states. In univariate analyses, most adolescent risk and protective factors were significant predictors. Unique multivariate adolescent predictors associated with young adult homelessness included school suspension (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.76) and academic failure (AOR = 1.94). No significant unique protective effects were found. Prevention and intervention efforts that support adolescents' academic engagement may help in addressing young adult homelessness. The similar cross-state profile of adolescent predictors suggests that programs seeking to support academic engagement may influence risk for homelessness into young adulthood in both states. The similarity in life-course pathways to homelessness suggests that the USA and Australia can profitably translate prevention and intervention efforts to reduce homelessness while continuing to identify modifiable predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bosco Rowland
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Bailey JA, Epstein M, Catalano RF, McMorris BJ, Heerde JA, Clancy E, Rowland B, Toumbourou JW. Longitudinal Consequences of Adolescent Alcohol Use Under Different Policy Contexts in Australia and the United States. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021. [DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Richard F. Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Clancy
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bosco Rowland
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - John W. Toumbourou
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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Epstein M, Bailey JA, Kosterman R, Rhew IC, Furlong M, Oesterle S, McCabe SE. E-cigarette use is associated with subsequent cigarette use among young adult non-smokers, over and above a range of antecedent risk factors: a propensity score analysis. Addiction 2021; 116:1224-1232. [PMID: 33140475 PMCID: PMC8043961 DOI: 10.1111/add.15317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a public health concern that the use of e-cigarettes among non-smoking young adults could be associated with transition to combustible cigarette use. The current study is a quasi-experimental test of the relationship between e-cigarette use and subsequent combustible cigarette use among young adult non-smokers, accounting for a wide range of common risk factors. DESIGN Logistic regression was used to predict combustible cigarette use on three or more occasions at age 23 years based on age 21 e-cigarette use. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to account for confounding variables. SETTING Data were drawn from the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS), a cohort study of youth recruited in 2003 in 24 rural communities in seven US. states PARTICIPANTS: Youth in the CYDS study (n = 4407) were surveyed annually from ages 11 to 16, and at ages 18, 19, 21 and 23 years (in 2016). The sample was gender balanced (50% female) and ethnically diverse (20% Hispanic, 64% white, 3% black and 12% other race or ethnicity). The current study was limited to participants who had never used combustible cigarettes by age 21 (n = 1825). MEASUREMENTS Age 21 use of e-cigarettes and age 23 use of combustible cigarettes (three or more occasions) were included in the regression analysis. Age 11-19 measures of 22 common predictors of both e-cigarette and combustible cigarette use (e.g. pro-cigarette attitudes, peer smoking, family monitoring) were used to create IPWs. FINDINGS After applying IPW, e-cigarette use at age 21 was associated with a twofold increase in odds of combustible cigarette use on three or more occasions 2 years later (odds ratio = 2.16, confidence interval 1.23, 3.79). CONCLUSIONS Among previously never-smoking US young adults, e-cigarette use appears to be strongly associated with subsequent combustible cigarette smoking, over and above measured preexisting risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Isaac C. Rhew
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington
| | - Madeline Furlong
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Sabrina Oesterle
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University
| | - Sean Esteban McCabe
- Center for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking and Health, School of Nursing, Institute for Research on Women and Gender, and Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan
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Bailey JA, Khawaja A, Andrews H, Weller J, Chapman C, Morling JR, Oliver S, Castle S, Simpson JA, Humes DJ, Banerjea A. GP access to FIT increases the proportion of colorectal cancers detected on urgent pathways in symptomatic patients in Nottingham. Surgeon 2021; 19:93-102. [PMID: 32327303 DOI: 10.1016/j.surge.2020.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Service evaluation of GP access to Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) for colorectal cancer (CRC) detection in Nottinghamshire and use of FIT for "rule out", "rule in" and "first test selection". DESIGN Retrospective audit of FIT results, CRC outcomes and resource utilisation before and after introduction of FIT in Primary Care in November 2017. Data from the new pathway up to December 2018 was compared with previous experience. RESULTS Between November 2017 and December 2018, 6747 GP FIT test requests yielded 5733 FIT results, of which 4082 (71.2%) were <4.0 μg Hb/g faeces, 579 (10.1%) were 4.0-9.9 μg Hb/g faeces, 836 (14.6%) were 10.0-149.9 μg Hb/g faeces, and 236 (4.1%) were ≥150.0 μg Hb/g faeces. The proportion of "rule out" results <4.0 μg Hb/g faeces was significantly higher than in the Getting FIT cohort (71.2% vs 60.4%, Chi squared 42.8, p < 0.0001) and the proportion of "rule in" results ≥150.0 μg Hb/g faeces was significantly lower (4.1% vs 8.1%, Chi squared 27.3,P < 0.0001). There was a 33% rise in urgent referrals across Nottingham overall during the evaluation period. 2 CRC diagnoses were made in 4082 patients who had FIT<4.0 μg Hb/g faeces. 58.4% of new CRC diagnoses associated with a positive FIT were early stage cancers (Stage I and II). The proportion of all CRC diagnoses that follow an urgent referral s rose after introduction of FIT. CONCLUSIONS FIT allows GP's to select a more appropriate cohort for urgent investigation without a large number of missed diagnoses. FIT appears to promise a "stage migration" effect which may ultimately improve CRC outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bailey
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - A Khawaja
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - H Andrews
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - J Weller
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - C Chapman
- Eastern Hub, Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, A Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - J R Morling
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building 2, City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - S Oliver
- Nottingham City Clinical Commissioning Group, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Castle
- Nottingham City Clinical Commissioning Group, Nottingham, UK
| | - J A Simpson
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - D J Humes
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK; Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building 2, City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - A Banerjea
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Bailey JA, Weller J, Chapman CJ, Ford A, Hardy K, Oliver S, Morling JR, Simpson JA, Humes DJ, Banerjea A. Faecal immunochemical testing and blood tests for prioritization of urgent colorectal cancer referrals in symptomatic patients: a 2-year evaluation. BJS Open 2021; 5:6162967. [PMID: 33693553 PMCID: PMC7947575 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zraa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel pathway incorporating faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) for rapid colorectal cancer diagnosis (RCCD) was introduced in 2017. This paper reports on the service evaluation after 2 years of pathway implementation. METHODS The RCCD protocol was based on FIT, blood results and symptoms to stratify adult patients in primary care. Two-week-wait (2WW) investigation was indicated for patients with rectal bleeding, rectal mass and faecal haemoglobin (fHb) level of 10 µg Hb/g faeces or above or 4 µg Hb/g faeces or more in the presence of anaemia, low ferritin or thrombocytosis, in all other symptom groups. Patients with 100 µg Hb/g faeces or above had expedited investigation . A retrospective audit of colorectal cancer detected between 2017 and 2019 was conducted, fHb thresholds were reviewed and critically assessed for cancer diagnoses. RESULTS In 2 years, 14788 FIT tests were dispatched with 13361 (90.4 per cent) completed returns. Overall, fHb was less than 4 µg Hb/g faeces in 9208 results (68.9 per cent), 4-9.9 µg Hb/g in 1583 (11.8 per cent), 10-99.9 µg Hb/g in 1850 (13.8 per cent) and 100 µg Hb/g faeces or above in 720 (5.4 per cent). During follow-up (median 10.4 months), 227 colorectal cancers were diagnosed. The cancer detection rate was 0.1 per cent in patients with fHb below 4 µg Hb/g faeces, 0.6 per cent in those with fHb 4-9.9 µg Hb/g faeces, 3.3 per cent for fHb 10-99.9 µg Hb/g faeces and 20.7 per cent for fHb 100 µg Hb/g faeces or above. The detection rate in the cohort with 10-19.9 µg Hb/g faeces was 1.4 per cent, below the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence threshold for urgent referral. The colorectal cancer rate in patients with fHb below 20 µg Hb/g faeces was less than 0.3 per cent. CONCLUSION Use of FIT to "rule out" urgent referral from primary care misses a small number of cases. The threshold for referral may be adjusted with blood results to improve stratification .
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bailey
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Weller
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - C J Chapman
- Eastern Hub, Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Ford
- Eastern Hub, Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - K Hardy
- Eastern Hub, Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Oliver
- Nottingham City Clinical Commissioning Group, Nottingham,UK
| | - J R Morling
- National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J A Simpson
- Eastern Hub, Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - D J Humes
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK,National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK,Correspondence to: Nottingham Colorectal Service, E Floor West Block, Queen’s Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Derby Road, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK (e-mail: )
| | - A Banerjea
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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Catalano RF, J. David H, Kosterman R, Bailey JA, Oesterle S, Cambron C, Farrington DP. Applying the Social Development Model in Middle Childhood to Promote Healthy Development: Effects From Primary School Through the 30s and Across Generations. J Dev Life Course Criminol 2021; 7:66-86. [PMID: 34150470 PMCID: PMC8210839 DOI: 10.1007/s40865-020-00152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper describes the origins and application of a theory, the social development model (SDM), that seeks to explain causal processes that lead to the development of prosocial and problem behaviors. The SDM was used to guide the development of a multicomponent intervention in middle childhood called Raising Healthy Children (RHC) that seeks to promote prosocial development and prevent problem behaviors. This paper reviews and integrates the tests of the SDM and the impact of RHC. While the original results of both model and intervention tests have been published elsewhere, this paper provides a comprehensive review of these tests. As such this integrative paper provides one of the few examples of the power of theory-driven developmental preventive intervention to understand impact across generations and the power of embedding controlled tests of preventive intervention within longitudinal studies to understand causal mechanisms. METHODS Application of the SDM in the RHC intervention was tested in a quasi-experimental trial nested in the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP). SSDP is a longitudinal study of 808 students who attended 18 public schools in Seattle, WA, and whose parents consented for their participation in longitudinal research when they were in Grade 5 (77% of the eligible population in participating schools). Students assented at each survey administration and consented to longitudinal follow-up when they turned 18. Panel subjects were followed and surveyed 15 times from Grade 5 through age 39, with most completion rates above 90%. RESULTS We describe effects of the full multicomponent RHC intervention delivered in Grades 1 through 6 by comparing outcomes of those children assigned to the full RHC intervention condition to controls from middle childhood through age 39. We also report the effects of the full RHC intervention on the firstborn children of participants compared with the firstborn children of controls. CONCLUSIONS We discuss use of the theory to guide development and testing of preventive interventions and the utility of nesting intervention tests within longitudinal studies for testing both theory and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F. Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington. 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Hawkins J. David
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington. 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington. 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington. 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Sabrina Oesterle
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Watts College of Public Service & Community Solutions, Arizona State University, 201 North Central Avenue, 33rd Floor, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Kosterman R, Epstein M, Bailey JA, Oesterle S, Furlong M, Hawkins JD. Adult Social Environments and the Use of Combustible and Electronic Cigarettes: Opportunities for Reducing Smoking in the 30s. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:518-526. [PMID: 31970409 PMCID: PMC7885773 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reducing cigarette use is a major public health goal in the United States. Questions remain, however, about the potential for the social environment in the adult years-particularly in the 30s and beyond-to influence cigarette use. This study tested pathways hypothesized by the social development model to understand the extent to which social environmental factors at age 33 (eg, involvement with smokers or with physically active people) contribute to changes in cigarette use from age 30 to age 39. Both combustible and electronic cigarette use were investigated. METHODS Data were from the Seattle Social Development Project, a longitudinal study of 808 diverse participants with high retention. Self-reports assessed social developmental constructs, combustible and electronic cigarette use, and demographic measures across survey waves. RESULTS At age 30, 32% of the sample reported past-month cigarette use. Using structural equation modeling, results showed high stability in cigarette use from age 30 to 39. After accounting for this stability, cigarette-using social environments at age 33 predicted personal beliefs or norms about smoking (eg, acceptability and social costs), which in turn predicted combustible cigarette use at age 39. Cigarette-using environments, however, directly predicted electronic cigarette use at age 39, with no significant role for beliefs about smoking. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette use was highly stable across the 30s, but social environmental factors provided significant partial mediation of this stability. Pathways were different for combustible and electronic cigarette use, however, with personal smoking norms playing an important role for the former but not the latter. IMPLICATIONS This study addresses the need for longitudinal investigation of social mechanisms and cigarette use in the 30s. Findings reinforce efforts to prevent the uptake of cigarettes prior to the 30s because, once started, smoking is highly stable. But social environmental factors remain viable intervention targets in the 30s to disrupt this stability. Addressing personal norms about smoking's acceptability and social costs is likely a promising approach for combustible cigarette use. Electronic cigarettes, however, present a new challenge in that many perceived social costs of cigarette use do not readily translate to this relatively recent technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Sabrina Oesterle
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Madeline Furlong
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Bailey JA, Ibrahim H, Bunce J, Chapman CJ, Morling JR, Simpson JA, Humes DJ, Banerjea A. Quantitative FIT stratification is superior to NICE referral criteria NG12 in a high-risk colorectal cancer population. Tech Coloproctol 2021; 25:1151-1154. [PMID: 34263362 PMCID: PMC8279105 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-021-02466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines for urgent investigation of colorectal cancer (CRC) are based on age and symptom-based criteria. This study aims to compare the diagnostic value of clinical features and faecal immunochemical test (FIT) results to identify those at a higher risk of CRC, thereby facilitating effective triage of patients. METHODS We undertook a review of all patients referred for investigation of CRC at our centre between September 2016 and June 2018. Patients were identified using a prospectively recorded local database. We performed a logistic regression analysis of factors associated with a diagnosis of CRC. RESULTS One-thousand-and-seven-hundred-eighty-four patients with FIT results were included in the study. Change in bowel habit (CIBH) was the most common referring clinical feature (38.3%). Patients diagnosed with CRC were significantly older than those without malignancy (74.0 years vs 68.9 years, p = 0.0007). Male patients were more likely to be diagnosed with CRC than females (6.5% vs 2.5%, Chi-squared 16.93, p < 0.0001). CRC was diagnosed in 3.5% (24/684) with CIBH compared to 8.1% (6/74) with both CIBH and iron deficiency anaemia. No individual or combination of referring clinical features was associated with an increased diagnosis of CRC (Chi-squared, 8.03, p = 0.155). Three patients with negative FIT results (< 4 µg Hb/g faeces) were diagnosed with CRC (3/1027, 0.3%). The highest proportion of cancers detected was in the ≥ 100 µg Hb/g faeces group (55/181, 30.4%). CONCLUSION In a multivariate model, FIT outperforms age, sex and all symptoms prompting referral. FIT has greater stratification value than any referral symptoms. FIT does have value in patients with iron deficiency anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bailey
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
- School of Medicine, Queens Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - H Ibrahim
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Bunce
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - C J Chapman
- Eastern Hub, Bowel Cancer Screening Programme, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - J R Morling
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of NottinghamCity Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - J A Simpson
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - D J Humes
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of NottinghamCity Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Banerjea
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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Epstein M, Bailey JA, Kosterman R, Furlong M, Hill KG. Evaluating the effect of retail marijuana legalization on parent marijuana use frequency and norms in U.S. States with retail marijuana legalization. Addict Behav 2020; 111:106564. [PMID: 32739591 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine post-retail marijuana legalization (RML) change in marijuana use frequency and pro-marijuana norms among parents. METHODS The Intergenerational Study, a longitudinal panel of parents (N = 668) and children, followed participants from 2002 to 2018, when parents were 27 and 43 years old, respectively. Three quarters of participants (74%) lived in an RML state and 142 (21%) had used marijuana in the 8 years prior to RML. Piecewise growth modelling compared pre- and post-RML slopes of use frequency and pro-marijuana norms. RESULTS Frequency of use and pro-marijuana norms increased following legalization in both RML and non-RML states, though norms rose significantly faster in RML states. Growth in use was primarily driven by new users of marijuana. There were no differences in frequency of marijuana use or pro-marijuana norms by race/ethnicity, gender, or education. CONCLUSIONS An increase in marijuana use frequency associated with RML among parents poses risk to both parents' well-being and the health of their children. A faster pace of increase in pro-marijuana norms in RML states may signal continued increases in use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA
| | - Madeline Furlong
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA
| | - Karl G Hill
- Institute for Behavioral Research, University of Colorado Boulder, USA
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King KM, Feil MC, Halvorson MA, Kosterman R, Bailey JA, Hawkins JD. A trait-like propensity to experience internalizing symptoms is associated with problem alcohol involvement across adulthood, but not adolescence. Psychol Addict Behav 2020; 34:756-771. [PMID: 32391702 PMCID: PMC7655636 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There are stable between-person differences in an internalizing "trait," or the propensity to experience symptoms of internalizing disorders, such as social anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, and depression. Trait internalizing may serve as a marker of heightened risk for problem alcohol outcomes (such as heavier drinking, binge drinking, or alcohol dependence). However, prior research on the association between internalizing symptoms and alcohol outcomes has been largely mixed in adolescence, with more consistent support for an association during adulthood. It may be that trait internalizing is only associated with problem alcohol outcomes in adulthood, after individuals have gained experience with alcohol. Some evidence suggested that these effects may be stronger for women than men. We used data from a community sample (n = 790) interviewed during adolescence (ages 14-16) and again at ages 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, and 39. Using generalized estimating equations, we tested the association between trait internalizing and alcohol outcomes during both adolescence and adulthood, and tested whether adult trait internalizing mediated the association between adolescent trait internalizing and adult alcohol outcomes. Trait internalizing in adulthood (but not adolescence) was associated with more frequent alcohol use, binge drinking and symptoms of alcohol use disorders, and mediated the effects of adolescent trait internalizing on alcohol outcomes. We observed no moderation by gender or change in these associations over time. Understanding the developmental pathways of trait internalizing may provide further insights into preventing the emergence of problem alcohol use behavior during adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - J. David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
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Bailey JA, Epstein M, Roscoe JN, Oesterle S, Kosterman R, Hill KG. Marijuana Legalization and Youth Marijuana, Alcohol, and Cigarette Use and Norms. Am J Prev Med 2020; 59:309-316. [PMID: 32654862 PMCID: PMC7483911 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rates of adolescent substance use have decreased in recent years. Knowing whether nonmedical marijuana legalization for adults is linked to increases or slows desirable decreases in marijuana and other drug use or pro-marijuana attitudes among teens is of critical interest to inform policy and promote public health. This study tests whether nonmedical marijuana legalization predicts a higher likelihood of teen marijuana, alcohol, or cigarette use or lower perceived harm from marijuana use in a longitudinal sample of youth aged 10-20 years. METHODS Data were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project-The Intergenerational Project, an accelerated longitudinal study of youth followed both before (2002-2011) and after nonmedical marijuana legalization (2015-2018). Analyses included 281 youth surveyed up to 10 times and living in a state with nonmedical marijuana legalization between 2015 and 2018 (51% female; 33% white, 17% African American, 10% Asian/Pacific Islander, and 40% mixed race or other). RESULTS Multilevel modeling in 2019 showed that nonmedical marijuana legalization predicted a higher likelihood of self-reported past-year marijuana (AOR=6.85, p=0.001) and alcohol use (AOR 3.38, p=0.034) among youth when controlling birth cohort, sex, race, and parent education. Nonmedical marijuana legalization was not significantly related to past-year cigarette use (AOR=2.43, p=0.279) or low perceived harm from marijuana use (AOR=1.50, p=0.236) across youth aged 10-20 years. CONCLUSIONS It is important to consider recent broad declines in youth substance use when evaluating the impact of nonmedical marijuana legalization. States that legalize nonmedical marijuana for adults should increase resources for the prevention of underage marijuana and alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Joseph N Roscoe
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Sabrina Oesterle
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karl G Hill
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado
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Kim BKE, Gilman AB, Tan KP, Kosterman R, Bailey JA, Catalano RF, Hawkins JD. Identifying and predicting criminal career profiles from adolescence to age 39. Crim Behav Ment Health 2020; 30:210-220. [PMID: 32488935 PMCID: PMC7704554 DOI: 10.1002/cbm.2156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Few longitudinal studies are capable of identifying criminal career profiles using both self-report and official court data beyond the 30s. The current study aims to identify criminal career profiles across three developmental periods using self-report data, validate these profiles with official court records and determine early childhood predictors. Data came from the Seattle Social Development Project (n = 808). Latent Class Analysis was used to examine criminal careers from self-reported data during adolescence (aged 14-18), early adulthood (aged 21-27) and middle adulthood (aged 30-39). Official court records were used to validate the classes. Childhood risk and promotive factors measured at ages 11-12 were used to predict classes. Findings revealed four career classes: non-offending (35.6%), adolescence-limited (33.2%), adult desister (18.3%) and life-course/persistent (12.9%). Official court records are consistent with the description of the classes. Early life school and family environments as well as having antisocial beliefs and friends differentiate membership across the classes. The results of this study, with a gender-balanced and racially diverse sample, bolster the current criminal career knowledge by examining multiple developmental periods into the 30s using both self-report and official court data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kyung Elizabeth Kim
- USC Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amanda B Gilman
- Washington State Center for Court Research Administrative Office of the Courts, Olympia, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin P Tan
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Hill KG, Bailey JA, Steeger CM, Hawkins JD, Catalano RF, Kosterman R, Epstein M, Abbott RD. Outcomes of Childhood Preventive Intervention Across 2 Generations: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:764-771. [PMID: 32511669 PMCID: PMC7281355 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Trials of preventive interventions for children that were implemented in the 1980s have reported sustained positive outcomes on behavioral and health outcomes into adulthood, years after the end of the intervention. This present study examines whether intervention in childhood may show sustained benefits across generations. OBJECTIVE To examine possible intervention outcomes on the offspring of individuals (now parents) who participated in the Raising Healthy Children preventive intervention as children in the elementary grades. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted in public elementary schools serving high-crime areas in Seattle, Washington. The panel originated in Seattle but was followed up locally and in out-of-state locations over time. Data analyzed in this study were collected from September 1980 to June 2011, with follow-up of the firstborn offspring (aged 1 through 22 years) of 182 parents who had been in the full intervention vs control conditions in childhood. Their children were assessed across 7 waves in 2 blocks (2002-2006 and 2009-2011). Data were analyzed for this article from September 2018 through January 2019. INTERVENTIONS In grades 1 through 6, the Raising Healthy Children intervention provided elementary school teachers with methods of classroom management and instruction, first-generation (G1) parents with skills to promote opportunities for children's active involvement in the classroom and family, and second-generation (G2) child with social and emotional skills training. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes examined in the third-generation (G3) offspring were self-regulation (emotion, attention, and behavioral regulation), cognitive capabilities, and social capabilities. Risk behaviors, including substance use and delinquency, were examined from age 6 years to study completion. Early onset of sexual activity was examined from age 13 years to study completion. Intent-to-treat analyses controlled for potential confounding factors. RESULTS A total of 182 G3 children were included in this analysis (72 in the full intervention and 110 in the control condition; mean age at first wave of data collection, 7 [range, 1-13] years). Significant differences in the offspring of intervention parents were observed across 4 domains: improved early child developmental functioning (ages 1-5 years; significant standardized β range, 0.45-0.56), lower teacher-rated behavioral problems (ages 6-18 years; significant standardized β range, -0.39 to -0.46), higher teacher-rated academic skills and performance (ages 6-18 years; significant standardized β range, 0.34-0.49), and lower child-reported risk behavior (ages 6-18 years; odds ratio for any drug use [alcohol, cigarettes, or marijuana], 0.27 [95% CI, 0.10-0.73]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to report significant intervention differences in the offspring of participants in a universal childhood preventive intervention. Cost-benefit analyses have examined the benefits of childhood intervention in the target generation. The present study suggests that additional benefits can be realized in the next generation as well. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04075019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl G. Hill
- Program on Problem Behavior and Positive Youth Development, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Christine M. Steeger
- Program on Problem Behavior and Positive Youth Development, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder
| | - J. David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Richard F. Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Robert D. Abbott
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
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Bailey JA, Hanbali N, Premji K, Bunce J, Mashlab S, Simpson JA, Humes DJ, Banerjea A. Thrombocytosis helps to stratify risk of colorectal cancer in patients referred on a 2-week-wait pathway. Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:1347-1350. [PMID: 32358719 PMCID: PMC7320058 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03597-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Primary care studies suggest that thrombocytosis (platelet counts > 400 × 109/L) is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to establish whether this marker has significant stratification value in patients seen in secondary care. METHODS A retrospective review of 2991 patients referred to our colorectal 2-week-wait (2WW) pathway between August 2014 and August 2017. Patient demographics were recorded prospectively, and local electronic records systems were used to retrieve full blood counts (FBC) and cancer diagnoses. Patients with no recent platelet count at the time of referral or incomplete records were excluded. RESULTS 2236 patients were included in this evaluation. There was no significant difference in the age distribution of those with thrombocytosis and those without. There were significantly more females in the thrombocytosis group (72.1% vs 53.9%, chi-squared 24.63, p < 0.0001). 130 CRCs were detected (5.8%) and patients with thrombocytosis were more likely to have CRC (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.60-4.30). The CRC diagnosis rate was significantly higher in females with thrombocytosis (10.3% vs 2.9%, chi-squared 19.41, p < 0.0001) and males with thrombocytosis (16.1% vs 7.9%, chi-squared 4.62, p = 0.032). CONCLUSION Thrombocytosis appears to have stratification value in the 2WW population. Further evaluation of its value alone or in combination with other stratification tests is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Bailey
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - N Hanbali
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - K Premji
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, City Hospital, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - J Bunce
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - S Mashlab
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - J A Simpson
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - D J Humes
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- Division of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - A Banerjea
- Nottingham Colorectal Service, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, E Floor West Block, QMC Campus, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
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Tiberio SS, Kerr DCR, Bailey JA, Henry KL, Capaldi DM. Intergenerational associations in onset of cannabis use during adolescence: A data synthesis approach. Psychol Addict Behav 2020; 34:877-889. [PMID: 32478533 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined associations between parents' and their children's ages of onset of cannabis use using a data synthesis methodology to pool data from 3 similarly designed intergenerational studies. Regarding age of first use of cannabis, prospective data were collected at one or more assessments from early to late adolescence in each generation. The extent to which parent and offspring gender separately or jointly moderated intergenerational effects was examined. Data were harmonized from studies originating in the states of Washington (Bailey, Hill, Epstein, Steeger, & Hawkins, 2018), New York (Thornberry, Henry, Krohn, Lizotte, & Nadel, 2018), and Oregon (Capaldi, Kerr, & Tiberio, 2018) when the parents were in late childhood to early adolescence; analyses concerned 1,081 parents and their children from 971 unique families. Parents' and their children's age of cannabis use onset during adolescence were modeled using discrete-time survival analysis techniques. Although data were successfully synthesized across the studies, the primary hypothesis was not supported: parents' earlier age of first cannabis use during adolescence was not significantly associated with earlier onset of cannabis use in the offspring generation. Rather, parents' histories of any cannabis use in adolescence-regardless of timing-were linked with increased risk for early onset cannabis use by their children compared to parents with no history of use during adolescence. There were no significant parent, child, or parent-by-child gender moderation effects. Thus, prevention of adolescent onset of cannabis in one generation may have prevention benefits for the next. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Epstein M, Bailey JA, Furlong M, Catalano RF, Toumbourou JW. Does Adolescent Alcohol Harm Minimization Policy Exposure Reduce Adult Alcohol Problems? A Cross-National Comparison. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:713-718. [PMID: 31676227 PMCID: PMC7188571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescent alcohol use carries risks for problem behaviors, such as injury and school dropout, as well as increases the risk of alcohol dependence later on, making public health approaches that curb youth alcohol use a key concern. The present study uses a two-state comparison of alcohol-related policies in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, U.S. (harm minimization in Australia and zero tolerance in the U.S.) to examine whether youth alcohol use in each state is related to alcohol-related problems in young adulthood. METHODS Data were drawn from the International Youth Development Study (N = 1,965) that followed youth in Victoria and Washington states from age 13 years, with follow-up at ages 14 and 15 years, and then again at age 25 years. Multiple-group structural equation modeling was used to test whether early alcohol use was equally related to alcohol problems (measured by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) at age 25 years and whether the relationship was moderated by family and school environments that were tolerant of youth drinking and by gender. RESULTS Youth in Victoria reported greater rates of alcohol use compared with youth in Washington, as well as more permissive family and school environments. Early alcohol use was equally associated with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test problems at age 25 years in the two nations, and none of the moderators significantly changed the association. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that harm minimization policies adopted in Victoria are less effective at reducing alcohol problems during young adulthood compared with the stricter zero-tolerance approaches adopted in Washington State.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Toumbourou JW, Rowland B, Catalano RF. Prevalence of homelessness and co-occurring problems: A comparison of young adults in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. Child Youth Serv Rev 2020; 109:10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104692. [PMID: 32139951 PMCID: PMC7058145 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Homelessness is associated with various co-occurring health and social problems yet; few contemporary international studies have examined these problems in young adulthood. This descriptive study presents cross-state comparison of the prevalence of young adult homelessness in Washington State, USA and Victoria, Australia using state representative samples from the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; n = 1,945, 53% female). Associations between young adult homelessness and a range of co-occurring problems were examined using a modified version of the Communities That Care youth survey. Results showed significantly higher rates of past year homelessness were reported by young adults in Washington State (5.24% vs. 3.25% in Victoria). Cross-state differences were evident in levels of friends' drug use, antisocial behavior, weekly income and support from peers. Unemployment (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.67), antisocial behavior (AOR = 3.54) and victimization (AOR = 3.37) were more likely among young adults reporting homelessness in both states. Young adults with higher weekly income were less likely to report homelessness (AOR = .69) in both states. No significant association between mental health problem symptoms, substance use, family conflict or interaction with antisocial peers and homelessness were found in either state. Rates of violent behavior were more strongly related to young adult homelessness in Washington State than Victoria. The current findings suggest that programs that enable young adults to pursue income and employment, reduce antisocial behavior and include services for those who have been victimized, may help to mitigate harm among young adults experiencing homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Australia
| | | | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
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Jones TM, Eisenberg N, Kosterman R, Lee JO, Bailey JA, Haggerty KP. Parents' Perceptions of Adolescent Exposure to Marijuana Following Legalization in Washington State. J Soc Social Work Res 2020; 11:21-38. [PMID: 33841719 PMCID: PMC8034260 DOI: 10.1086/707642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parents in Washington State face new challenges related to the non-medical marijuana legislation that was passed in 2012. We asked parent focus group participants about changes they have observed in their environment, how their children are exposed to marijuana, and how this exposure might affect youth marijuana use. METHOD We conducted 6 focus groups with parents of youth ages 8 to 15 (N = 54). Parents were recruited from the Seattle Social Development Project, a multi-ethnic, longitudinal panel study that originated in Seattle in 1985. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data. RESULTS Parents agreed that they did not want their children using marijuana, and were concerned that their children were exposed to marijuana more often and in many different contexts. Parents said they now need to monitor their children's environment more carefully, especially the other adults that spend time around their children. Edible marijuana products were particularly concerning for parents, as they offer a new set of challenges for parents in monitoring their children's exposure to and use of marijuana. Parents were concerned that marijuana exposure would increase risk of marijuana use in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Parents' experiences in Washington State provide valuable lessons for social work practitioners, policymakers and those developing preventive interventions. Prevention efforts and public health messaging should begin before legalization takes effect to support parents in preparing for changes in their social and physical environments, and should seek to incorporate parenting strategies to monitor and intervene when children are exposed to marijuana.
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Steeger CM, Epstein M, Hill KG, Kristman-Valente AN, Bailey JA, Lee JO, Kosterman R. Time-varying effects of family smoking and family management on adolescent daily smoking: The moderating roles of behavioral disinhibition and anxiety. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 204:107572. [PMID: 31585356 PMCID: PMC6953267 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family smoking environment and family management are associated with risk of teen smoking behaviors. However, less is known about whether these associations increase or decrease in strength across adolescence, and whether there are person-environment interactions. The current study examined 1) the age-varying main effects of family smoking and family management on adolescent daily smoking from ages 12-18 and tested 2) whether behavioral disinhibition and anxiety moderated these relationships. METHODS Data were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP; N = 808), a longitudinal study examining prosocial and antisocial behavior. Analyses used time-varying effect modeling (TVEM), which tested the stability of the relationship between family smoking and family management and youth daily smoking across adolescence. RESULTS Greater family smoking increased the likelihood of adolescent daily smoking, whereas greater family management reduced the likelihood of daily smoking. Significant interactions between family management and youth behavioral disinhibition and anxiety during early and mid-adolescence indicated that family management was more protective for adolescents with low (compared to high) behavioral disinhibition and anxiety. The effect of family smoking was not moderated by behavioral disinhibition or anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Family smoking and family management are key risk and protective factors that may be targeted for adolescent smoking prevention. Our interaction results for individual differences in behavioral disinhibition and anxiety suggest that certain types of youth may respond differently to family management practices. Findings also show periods during adolescence where family-centered preventive interventions could be optimally timed to prevent or reduce persistent adolescent smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M. Steeger
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 1440 15th St., Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, United States.
| | - Karl G. Hill
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, 1440 15th St., Boulder, CO 80309, United States
| | - Allison N. Kristman-Valente
- Social Development Research Group School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, United States
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, United States
| | - Jungeun Olivia Lee
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 West 34th Street, Montgomery Ross Fisher, 325, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States.
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, United States.
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Epstein M, Bailey JA, Furlong M, Steeger CM, Hill KG. An intergenerational investigation of the associations between parental marijuana use trajectories and child functioning. Psychol Addict Behav 2019; 34:830-838. [PMID: 31497987 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Diverse patterns of life-course marijuana use may have differential health impacts for the children of users. Data are drawn from an intergenerational study of 426 families that included a parent, their oldest biological child, and (where appropriate) another caregiver who were interviewed 10 times from 2002 to 2018; the current study used data from 380 families in waves 6-10. Analyses linked parent marijuana use trajectories estimated in a previous publication (Epstein et al., 2015) to child marijuana, alcohol, and nicotine use; promarijuana norms; internalizing; externalizing; attention problems; and grades using multilevel modeling among children ages 6 to 21. Four trajectories had been found in the previous study: nonuser, chronic, adolescent-limited, and late-onset. Results indicate that children of parents in the groups that initiated marijuana use in adolescence (chronic and adolescent-limited) were most likely to use substances. Children of parents in the late-onset group, where parents initiated use in young adulthood, were not at increased risk for substance use but were more likely to have attention problems and lower grades. Results held when parent current marijuana use was added to the models. Implications of this work highlight the importance of considering both current use and use history in intergenerational transmission of marijuana use, and the need to address parent use history in family based prevention. Prevention of adolescent marijuana use remains a priority. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Madeline Furlong
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | | | - Karl G Hill
- Institute for Behavioral Research, University of Colorado Boulder
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Jones TM, Epstein M, Hill KG, Bailey JA, Hawkins JD. General and Specific Predictors of Comorbid Substance Use and Internalizing Problems from Adolescence to Age 33. Prev Sci 2019; 20:705-714. [PMID: 30535622 PMCID: PMC6542721 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0959-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The current study examines the continuity in comorbidity between substance use and internalizing mental health problems from adolescence to adulthood and investigates the general and specific predictors of comorbidity across development. Participants were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project (N = 808), a gender-balanced, ethnically diverse longitudinal panel. Structural equation modeling was used to examine risk factors for comorbid substance use and internalizing problems in family and peer social environments; substance use- and mental health-specific social environments (family tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use; family history of depression); and individual risk factors (behavioral disinhibition). Latent factors were created for comorbid substance use and mental health problems at ages 13-14 and comorbidity of substance abuse and dependence symptoms and mental health disorder symptoms at ages 30-33 and included indicators of anxiety, depression, alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana problems. Comorbid problems in adolescence predicted later comorbidity of disorders in adulthood. In addition, family tobacco environment and behavioral disinhibition predicted adolescent comorbidity, while family history of depression was associated with adult comorbidity. Finally, family and peer substance use in adolescence predicted substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana) both in adolescence and adulthood. The pattern of results suggests that comorbidity in adolescence continues into adulthood and is predicted by both general and behavior-specific environmental experiences during adolescence. Findings clarify the etiology of comorbid internalizing and substance use problems and suggest potential preventive intervention targets in adolescence to curb the development of comorbidity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M Jones
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Karl G Hill
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
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Heerde JA, Curtis A, Bailey JA, Smith R, Hemphill SA, Toumbourou JW. Reciprocal associations between early adolescent antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms: A longitudinal study in Victoria, Australia and Washington State, United States. J Crim Justice 2019; 62:74-86. [PMID: 31371840 PMCID: PMC6675470 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Reciprocal prospective associations between adolescent antisocial behavior and depressive symptoms were examined. METHODS Seventh grade students (average age 13 years; N=2,314/2,348) were surveyed (T1), and then followed-up 12 (T2) and 24 months (T3) later, using the same methods in Washington State and Victoria, Australia. RESULTS Negative binomial regressions showed antisocial behavior (T1, T2) did not prospectively predict depressive symptoms (T2, T3). T1 multivariate predictors for T2 depressive symptoms included female gender (incident rate ratio [IRR] = 1.70), prior depressive symptoms (IRR = 1.06), alcohol use (IRR = 1.13), family conflict (IRR = 1.13), antisocial peers (IRR = 1.08) and bullying victimization (IRR = 1.06). Depressive symptoms (T1, T2) did not predict antisocial behavior (T2, T3). T1 multivariate predictors for T2 antisocial behavior included female gender (IRR = .96), age (IRR = .97), prior antisocial behavior (IRR = 1.32), alcohol use (IRR = 1.04), antisocial peers (IRR = 1.11) and academic failure (IRR = 1.03). CONCLUSIONS Depressive symptoms and antisocial behaviors showed considerable predictive stability in early adolescence but were not reciprocally related. Prevention and intervention strategies in adolescence may benefit by targeting common predictors such as alcohol, peer interactions and early symptoms for depression and antisocial behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne; Honorary Research Fellow, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
| | - Ashlee Curtis
- Centre for Drug use, Addictive, and Anti-social Behaviour Research, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, USA
| | - Rachel Smith
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Honorary Research Fellow, The University of Melbourne, Australia: rachel
| | - Sheryl A. Hemphill
- The University of Melbourne; Honorary Fellow Murdoch Childrens Research Institute; Adjunct Professor, La Trobe University: Australia
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University; Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Australia
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Eisenberg N, Jones TM, Kosterman R, Bailey JA, Lee JO, Haggerty KP. Parenting Practices in the Context of Legal Marijuana: Voices from Seattle Parents. J Child Fam Stud 2019; 28:587-598. [PMID: 31396007 PMCID: PMC6686896 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined marijuana-related parenting attitudes, behaviors, and challenges in the context of nonmedical marijuana legalization in Washington State. METHOD Qualitative data were collected via 6 focus groups with a total of 54 parents of preteen and teenage children, following the opening of the first marijuana retail store in Seattle in 2014. A structured interview protocol was used to ask parents about their marijuana-related parenting behaviors and about information, skills, or strategies that parents might find helpful while raising children in a state where nonmedical marijuana use is legal for adults. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic content analysis with NVivo software. RESULTS Findings indicate that most parents talked to their children about marijuana, communicating rules and information about the effects of the drug. Although most parents felt that marijuana use by underage youth was not acceptable, many recognized that it was something teens would likely experiment with. Most parents set guidelines about marijuana in their households, but several faced challenges monitoring their children's behavior (e.g., use of edibles), imposing consequences when children used marijuana, reconciling societal and personal norms, and deciding whether or not to disclose their own use. Parents expressed that they would benefit from learning strategies to deal with these challenges, including factual information and parenting skills, through programs offered in schools or community settings. CONCLUSIONS Results have implications for future research that seeks to inform prevention program development and shape policies attuned to the needs of parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Eisenberg
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Tiffany M. Jones
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Jungeun Olivia Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Kevin P. Haggerty
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Steeger CM, Bailey JA, Epstein M, Hill KG. The link between parental smoking and youth externalizing behaviors: Effects of smoking, psychosocial factors, and family characteristics. Psychol Addict Behav 2019; 33:243-253. [PMID: 30667236 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the associations between parental cigarette smoking and youth externalizing behaviors (i.e., oppositional and conduct problems) both concurrently and 1 year later, and tested whether parental smoking predicted youth externalizing over and above parent psychosocial, family, and demographic characteristics linked to smoking and externalizing behaviors. Data were drawn from the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) and The Intergenerational Project (TIP), a prospective longitudinal study aimed toward understanding the intergenerational transmission of substance use, mental health, and risky behaviors. The current study used multilevel modeling to examine both concurrent and lagged associations from 325 families, which included parents and youth (Aged 6-19) across seven waves of data. In concurrent analyses, both parental smoking and several family characteristics independently predicted higher levels of child externalizing behaviors, even after controlling for parent age at child birth and demographic correlates of smoking. However, parental depressive symptoms reduced the association between smoking and externalizing behaviors to nonsignificance in concurrent models. In lagged analyses, only harsh parenting, low monitoring, and low parent-child bonding predicted externalizing behaviors 1 year later; parental smoking did not predict externalizing behaviors over time. Results showed that parental smoking, mental health, parenting, and family relationships all are associated with externalizing problems and constitute potential intervention targets in the short term, though poor parenting and parent-child bonding, rather than smoking, predicted externalizing behaviors over time. The robust association between concurrent parental depressive symptoms and youth conduct problems may suggest prioritizing parental mental health (e.g., via mental health screening) for improving both parent and child well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington
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Heerde JA, Bailey JA, Toumbourou JW, Catalano RF. Longitudinal Associations Between the Adolescent Family Environment and Young Adult Substance Use in Australia and the United States. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:821. [PMID: 31780972 PMCID: PMC6861438 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Harmful alcohol and cannabis use are social concerns associated with a range of negative outcomes. Prior research has identified links between disrupted parent-child attachment and child-adolescent substance use. Materials and Methods: This study used cross-national data from the International Youth Development Study (IYDS; Victoria, Australia and Washington State, USA) to investigate the relationship between early adolescent family environment characteristics, mid-adolescent attachment to parents, and young adult harmful alcohol and cannabis use. The moderating role of state on these relationships was also tested. State-representative samples of students in Grade 7 (age 13, 2002) were recruited and followed longitudinally at ages 14, 15, and 25 (n = 1,945, 53% female, 50% in Victoria). Results: Cross-state differences were evident in levels of family management, parent attitudes favorable to drug use, sibling alcohol and cannabis use, attachment to parents, and past year alcohol and cannabis use. Significantly higher rates of problematic alcohol use were reported by young adults in Victoria (25% vs. 14% in Washington State). Young adults in Washington State reported significantly higher rates of problematic cannabis use (14% vs. 10% in Victoria). Path modeling showed that characteristics of positive family environments (e.g., low conflict) in early adolescence were associated with higher attachment to parents and lower alcohol and cannabis use in mid-adolescence. Sibling substance use and more favorable parent attitudes to drug use were associated with past year alcohol and cannabis use in mid-adolescence. Results showed higher attachment to parents in mid-adolescence did not uniquely predict lower problematic alcohol or cannabis use in young adulthood. No significant cross-state differences in this pattern of associations were found. Discussion: The implications of the current findings suggest that prevention and intervention strategies targeted at reducing problematic substance use into young adulthood may benefit from considering the influence of behavioral norms and attitudes in family relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Heerde
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Population Health Studies of Adolescents, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - John W Toumbourou
- Population Health Studies of Adolescents, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Bailey JA, Epstein M, Steeger CM, Hill KG. Concurrent and Prospective Associations Between Substance-Specific Parenting Practices and Child Cigarette, Alcohol, and Marijuana Use. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:681-687. [PMID: 29396083 PMCID: PMC5963982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The current study aimed to understand whether substance-specific parenting practices predicted the probability of child alcohol, cigarette, or marijuana use beyond known family factors like family management and parental substance use and norms. METHODS Data were drawn from the Intergenerational Project, which used an accelerated longitudinal design and included 383 families surveyed seven times between 2002 and 2011. Analyses included 224 families with children ages 10-18 years (49% female). Multilevel models tested both concurrent and lagged (predictors at time t - 1, outcomes at time t) associations between child past year use of alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana and time-varying measures of substance-specific parenting practices, including permitting child use of alcohol or cigarettes; family rules about alcohol, cigarette, and drug use; and child involvement in family member alcohol or cigarette use (getting, opening, or pouring alcoholic drinks; getting or lighting cigarettes for family members). Demographic controls were included. RESULTS Child involvement in family member substance use predicted an increased probability of child substance use both concurrently and 1 year later, even when controlling parent substance use, pro-substance norms, and family management. Family rules about substance use and parent provision of alcohol or cigarettes were not consistently related to child alcohol, cigarette, or marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS Family-based preventive interventions to reduce youth substance use should continue to focus on family management and include messaging discouraging parents from allowing children to get, open, or pour drinks or get or light cigarettes for family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Christine M Steeger
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Karl G Hill
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Epstein M, Madeline Furlong, Kosterman R, Bailey JA, King KM, Vasilenko SA, Steeger CM, Hill KG. Adolescent Age of Sexual Initiation and Subsequent Adult Health Outcomes. Am J Public Health 2018; 108:822-828. [PMID: 29672143 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the mechanisms of the association between age of sexual initiation and adult health. METHODS Data from the Seattle Social Development Project (n = 808), in Seattle, Washington, included outcomes when participants were in their 30s (2005-2014): substance use disorders, depression, poor health, and obesity. Sexual consequence mediators included sexually transmitted infection, adolescent pregnancy, and a high number of sexual partners. We used linear logistic regression to model main effect and mediated associations. RESULTS Age of sexual initiation was related to nicotine and marijuana disorders, physical health, and obesity, but not alcohol disorder or depression. Mediated association with nicotine disorder was not significant; association with marijuana disorder was reduced; significant relationships with poor health and obesity remained. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between age of sexual initiation and substance use was largely explained by consequences of sexual behavior. Earlier sexual initiation was linked to poorer physical health outcomes, though the nature of the association remains unclear. Public Health Implications. Prevention approaches need to address multiple risk factors and emphasize contraceptive methods to avoid sexual consequences. For physical health outcomes, broad prevention approaches, including addressing early sexual initiation, may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Epstein
- Marina Epstein, Madeline Furlong, Rick Kosterman, and Jennifer A. Bailey are with the Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle. Kevin M. King is at the Department of Psychology, University of Washington. Sara A. Vasilenko is with The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College. Christine M. Steeger and Karl G. Hill are with the Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Madeline Furlong
- Marina Epstein, Madeline Furlong, Rick Kosterman, and Jennifer A. Bailey are with the Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle. Kevin M. King is at the Department of Psychology, University of Washington. Sara A. Vasilenko is with The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College. Christine M. Steeger and Karl G. Hill are with the Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Marina Epstein, Madeline Furlong, Rick Kosterman, and Jennifer A. Bailey are with the Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle. Kevin M. King is at the Department of Psychology, University of Washington. Sara A. Vasilenko is with The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College. Christine M. Steeger and Karl G. Hill are with the Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Marina Epstein, Madeline Furlong, Rick Kosterman, and Jennifer A. Bailey are with the Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle. Kevin M. King is at the Department of Psychology, University of Washington. Sara A. Vasilenko is with The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College. Christine M. Steeger and Karl G. Hill are with the Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Kevin M King
- Marina Epstein, Madeline Furlong, Rick Kosterman, and Jennifer A. Bailey are with the Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle. Kevin M. King is at the Department of Psychology, University of Washington. Sara A. Vasilenko is with The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College. Christine M. Steeger and Karl G. Hill are with the Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Sara A Vasilenko
- Marina Epstein, Madeline Furlong, Rick Kosterman, and Jennifer A. Bailey are with the Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle. Kevin M. King is at the Department of Psychology, University of Washington. Sara A. Vasilenko is with The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College. Christine M. Steeger and Karl G. Hill are with the Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Christine M Steeger
- Marina Epstein, Madeline Furlong, Rick Kosterman, and Jennifer A. Bailey are with the Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle. Kevin M. King is at the Department of Psychology, University of Washington. Sara A. Vasilenko is with The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College. Christine M. Steeger and Karl G. Hill are with the Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Karl G Hill
- Marina Epstein, Madeline Furlong, Rick Kosterman, and Jennifer A. Bailey are with the Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle. Kevin M. King is at the Department of Psychology, University of Washington. Sara A. Vasilenko is with The Methodology Center, The Pennsylvania State University, State College. Christine M. Steeger and Karl G. Hill are with the Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder
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Kristman-Valente AN, Hill KG, Epstein M, Kosterman R, Bailey JA, Steeger CM, Jones TM, Abbott RD, Johnson RM, Walker D, David Hawkins J. The Relationship Between Marijuana and Conventional Cigarette Smoking Behavior from Early Adolescence to Adulthood. Prev Sci 2018; 18:428-438. [PMID: 28349235 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-017-0774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal analyses investigated (a) the co-occurrence of marijuana use and conventional cigarette smoking within time and (b) bidirectional associations between marijuana and conventional cigarette use in three developmental periods: adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood. A cross-lag model was used to examine the bidirectional model of marijuana and conventional cigarette smoking frequency from ages 13 to 33 years. The bidirectional model accounted for gender, school-age economic disadvantage, childhood attention problems, and race. Marijuana use and conventional cigarette smoking were associated within time in decreasing magnitude and increased cigarette smoking predicted increased marijuana use during adolescence. A reciprocal relationship was found in the transition from young adulthood to adulthood, such that increased conventional cigarette smoking at age 24 years uniquely predicted increased marijuana use at age 27 years, and increased marijuana use at age 24 years uniquely predicted more frequent conventional cigarette smoking at age 27 years, even after accounting for other factors. The association between marijuana and cigarette smoking was found to developmentally vary in the current study. Results suggest that conventional cigarette smoking prevention efforts in adolescence and young adulthood could potentially lower the public health impact of both conventional cigarette smoking and marijuana use. Findings point to the importance of universal conventional cigarette smoking prevention efforts among adolescents as a way to decrease later marijuana use and suggest that a prevention effort focused on young adults as they transition to adulthood would lower the use of both cigarette and marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Kristman-Valente
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - Karl G Hill
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Christine M Steeger
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Tiffany M Jones
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Robert D Abbott
- College of Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Denise Walker
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
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Guttmannova K, Kosterman R, White HR, Bailey JA, Lee JO, Epstein M, Jones TM, Hawkins JD. The association between regular marijuana use and adult mental health outcomes. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 179:109-116. [PMID: 28763778 PMCID: PMC5599346 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study is a prospective examination of the relationship between regular marijuana use from adolescence through young adulthood and mental health outcomes at age 33. METHODS Data came from a gender-balanced, ethnically diverse longitudinal panel of 808 participants from Seattle, Washington. Outcomes included symptom counts for six mental health disorders. Regular marijuana use was tracked during adolescence and young adulthood. Regression analyses controlled for demographics and early environment, behaviors, and individual risk factors. RESULTS Nonusers of marijuana reported fewer symptoms of alcohol use disorder, nicotine dependence, and generalized anxiety disorder than any category of marijuana users. More persistent regular marijuana use in young adulthood was positively related to more symptoms of cannabis use disorder, alcohol use disorder, and nicotine dependence at age 33. CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of avoiding regular marijuana use, especially chronic use in young adulthood. Comprehensive prevention and intervention efforts focusing on marijuana and other substance use might be particularly important in the context of recent legalization of recreational marijuana use in Washington and other U.S. states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Guttmannova
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Box 354944, Seattle, WA 98195-4944, USA.
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Helene R White
- Center of Alcohol Studies, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Jungeun Olivia Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 1150 S. Olive Street, Suite 1400, Los Angeles, CA 90015, USA.
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Tiffany M Jones
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
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Abstract
The current study examined predictors of marijuana use among adults, including subsamples of adults who are actively parenting (i.e., have regular face-to-face contact with a child) and those who have no children. Participants were a community sample of 808 adults and two subsamples drawn from the full group: 383 adults who were actively parenting and 135 who had no children. Multilevel models examined predictors of marijuana use in these three groups from ages 27 to 39. Becoming a parent was associated with a decrease in marijuana use. Regular marijuana use in young adulthood (ages 21-24), partner marijuana use, and pro-marijuana attitudes increased the likelihood of past-year marijuana use among all participants. Being a primary caregiver (among parents) was associated with less marijuana use. Overall, predictors of marijuana use were similar for all adults, regardless of parenting status. Study results suggest that the onset of parenthood alone may be insufficient to reduce adult marijuana use. Instead, preventive intervention targets may include changing adult pro-marijuana attitudes and addressing marijuana use behaviors of live-in partners. Lastly, universal approaches targeting parents and nonparents may be effective for general adult samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Christine M Steeger
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Karl G Hill
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Martie L Skinner
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
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