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Shin C, Kim REY, Thomas RJ, Yun CH, Lee SK, Abbott RD. Severity of Daytime Sleepiness and Parkinsonian-Like Symptoms in Korean Adults Aged 50-64 Years. J Clin Neurol 2022; 18:33-40. [PMID: 35021274 PMCID: PMC8762500 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.18.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose While excessive daytime sleepiness can predate Parkinson’s disease in late-life, its association with parkinsonian-like (P-L) symptoms in middle age are unknown. Since neurodegeneration can appear decades before a diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease, identifying clinical features associated with this early progression is important. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of daytime sleepiness with P-L symptoms in a population-based sample of middle-aged Korean adults. Methods During 2013 and 2014, daytime sleepiness and P-L symptoms were assessed in 2,063 males and females aged 50–64 years who were participating in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The severity of daytime sleepiness was quantified by the score on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Self-reported P-L symptoms included nine motor disorders commonly associated with Parkinson’s disease. Participants with parkinsonism and related conditions are excluded. Results The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS score >10) was 7.0%. The frequencies of P-L symptoms ranged from 0.5% (for “trouble buttoning buttons”) to 18.4% (for “handwriting smaller than it once was”). After adjustment for covariates and multiple testing, the relative odds of P-L symptoms comparing the 80th and 20th percentiles of ESS scores was 1.6 (p=0.001) for “voice is softer than it once was,” 2.1 (p<0.001) for “balance when walking is poor,” and 1.5 (p=0.002) for “loss of facial expression.” The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness increased from 6.3% to 19.8% when the number of symptoms increased from zero to three (p=0.004). Conclusions In Korean adults aged 50–64 years, daytime sleepiness is significantly associated with P-L symptoms. Whether coexisting daytime sleepiness and P-L symptoms predate extrapyramidal and other impairments in later life warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chol Shin
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea.
| | - Regina E Y Kim
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Robert J Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chang-Ho Yun
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seung Ku Lee
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Korea
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Kim REY, Kim HJ, Kim S, Abbott RD, Thomas RJ, Yun CH, Lee HW, Shin C. A longitudinal observational population-based study of brain volume associated with changes in sleep timing from middle to late-life. Sleep 2021; 44:5973752. [PMID: 33170277 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep behaviors are related to brain structure and function, but the impact of long-term changes in sleep timing on brain health has not been clearly addressed. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of longitudinal changes in sleep timing from middle to late-life with gray matter volume (GMV), an important marker of brain aging. METHODS We enrolled 1798 adults (aged 49-82 years, men 54.6%) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 2011 and 2014. Midsleep time (MST) on free days corrected for sleep debt on workdays was adopted as a marker of sleep timing. Data on MST were available at the time of MRI assessment and at examinations that were given 9 years earlier (2003-2004). Longitudinal changes in MST over the 9-year period were derived and categorized into quartiles. Subjects in quartile 1 were defined as "advancers" (MST advanced ≥ 1 h) while those in quartile 4 were defined as "delayers" (MST delayed ≥ 0.2 h). Quartiles 2-3 defined a reference group (MST change was considered modest). The relationship of GMV with MST changes over 9 years was investigated. RESULTS Nine-year change in MST were significantly associated with GMV. Compared to the reference group, advancers had smaller GMVs in the frontal and temporal regions. A delay in MST was also associated with smaller cerebellar GMV. CONCLUSIONS In middle-to-late adulthood, the direction of change in MST is associated with GMV. While advancers and delayers in MST tend to present lower GMV, associations appear to differ across brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina E Y Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Republic of Korea.,College of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Ewha Woman University School of Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soriul Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Robert J Thomas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and the Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Chang-Ho Yun
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang Woon Lee
- Department of Neurology and Medical Science, School of Medicine, Ewha Woman University School of Medicine and Ewha Medical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Computational Medicine, System Health & Engineering Major in Graduate School (BK21 Plus Program), Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chol Shin
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Republic of Korea
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Kim S, Lee KY, Abbott RD, Nam HR, Shin C. Late Breaking Abstract - Association between dynamic expiratory tracheal collapse and obstructive sleep apnoea. Epidemiology 2020. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.4185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hill KG, Bailey JA, Steeger CM, Hawkins JD, Catalano RF, Kosterman R, Epstein M, Abbott RD. Outcomes of Childhood Preventive Intervention Across 2 Generations: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174:764-771. [PMID: 32511669 PMCID: PMC7281355 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Trials of preventive interventions for children that were implemented in the 1980s have reported sustained positive outcomes on behavioral and health outcomes into adulthood, years after the end of the intervention. This present study examines whether intervention in childhood may show sustained benefits across generations. OBJECTIVE To examine possible intervention outcomes on the offspring of individuals (now parents) who participated in the Raising Healthy Children preventive intervention as children in the elementary grades. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted in public elementary schools serving high-crime areas in Seattle, Washington. The panel originated in Seattle but was followed up locally and in out-of-state locations over time. Data analyzed in this study were collected from September 1980 to June 2011, with follow-up of the firstborn offspring (aged 1 through 22 years) of 182 parents who had been in the full intervention vs control conditions in childhood. Their children were assessed across 7 waves in 2 blocks (2002-2006 and 2009-2011). Data were analyzed for this article from September 2018 through January 2019. INTERVENTIONS In grades 1 through 6, the Raising Healthy Children intervention provided elementary school teachers with methods of classroom management and instruction, first-generation (G1) parents with skills to promote opportunities for children's active involvement in the classroom and family, and second-generation (G2) child with social and emotional skills training. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Outcomes examined in the third-generation (G3) offspring were self-regulation (emotion, attention, and behavioral regulation), cognitive capabilities, and social capabilities. Risk behaviors, including substance use and delinquency, were examined from age 6 years to study completion. Early onset of sexual activity was examined from age 13 years to study completion. Intent-to-treat analyses controlled for potential confounding factors. RESULTS A total of 182 G3 children were included in this analysis (72 in the full intervention and 110 in the control condition; mean age at first wave of data collection, 7 [range, 1-13] years). Significant differences in the offspring of intervention parents were observed across 4 domains: improved early child developmental functioning (ages 1-5 years; significant standardized β range, 0.45-0.56), lower teacher-rated behavioral problems (ages 6-18 years; significant standardized β range, -0.39 to -0.46), higher teacher-rated academic skills and performance (ages 6-18 years; significant standardized β range, 0.34-0.49), and lower child-reported risk behavior (ages 6-18 years; odds ratio for any drug use [alcohol, cigarettes, or marijuana], 0.27 [95% CI, 0.10-0.73]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE To our knowledge, this is the first study to report significant intervention differences in the offspring of participants in a universal childhood preventive intervention. Cost-benefit analyses have examined the benefits of childhood intervention in the target generation. The present study suggests that additional benefits can be realized in the next generation as well. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04075019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl G. Hill
- Program on Problem Behavior and Positive Youth Development, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder
| | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Christine M. Steeger
- Program on Problem Behavior and Positive Youth Development, Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder
| | - J. David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Richard F. Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Robert D. Abbott
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
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Abbott RD, Sherwin K, Klopf H, Mattingly HJ, Brogan K. Efficacy of a Multimodal Online Lifestyle Intervention for Depressive Symptoms and Quality of Life in Individuals With a History of Major Depressive Disorder. Cureus 2020; 12:e9061. [PMID: 32656047 PMCID: PMC7346300 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex bio-psycho-social syndrome that affects millions of individuals and is one of the leading causes of impaired quality of life (QOL). In addition to the symptoms of depression and low mood, many individuals with MDD also suffer from isolation without the sense of a supportive, surrounding community. Given the challenges of treating individuals with MDD, social isolation and a lack of communal connection, this randomized controlled trial was designed to determine the efficacy of a multimodal, online and community-based lifestyle intervention for improving depressive symptoms and QOL in individuals with a history of MDD. Materials and methods The study enrolled 71 female or male participants between the ages of 20 and 64 with a self-reported BMI between 18.4 and 34.9 kg/m2 and a history of MDD. Individuals were randomized to either participate in a 44-day multimodal, online, community-based lifestyle intervention or placed on a wait list where they would complete the intervention at a later date. The multimodal intervention involved a self-directed learning program where individuals were guided to make lifestyle changes including adopting a whole-foods diet, increasing movement, and adopting stress management and mindfulness practices. All participants completed the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine's Medical Symptoms Questionnaire (MSQ), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) before and after the online program to assess health-related QOL, overall symptom burden, and depressive symptom burden, respectively. Results A total of 37 participants were randomized to participate in the multimodal intervention with 26 completing all three study questionnaires at both study time points; 34 participants were randomized to the wait list control group with 27 completing all three study questionnaires at both study time points. There were no clinically or statistically significant differences between the control group or the intervention group at baseline. The control group showed no clinically nor statistically significant changes in the MSQ, PHQ-9 or any of the eight subdomains of the SF-36 from the beginning to the end of the 10-week study period. When compared to the control group, the intervention group showed statistically and clinically significant improvements in median (M) scores of the SF-36 subdomains of vitality and mental health, and clinically but not statistically significant improvements in the subdomain of emotional role functioning. There were additional statistically and clinically significant improvements in the mean score of the MSQ and M scores of the PHQ-9 (treatment pre-intervention M = 10.5, inter-quartile range [IQR] = 14, to treatment post-intervention M = 5, IQR = 8.25; control pre-intervention M = 15, IQR = 8, to control post-intervention M = 13.5, IQR = 12.5). Conclusions Our randomized controlled study provides evidence for the role of a multimodal, online and community-based lifestyle intervention to improve depressive symptoms, QOL, and total symptom burden in individuals with a history of MDD. Given the growing challenges of effectively supporting individuals suffering with MDD, it appears critical to further explore the utilization of novel, multimodal and self-directed lifestyle interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Abbott
- Integrative/Complementary Medicine, Resilient Roots, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Kyle Sherwin
- Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, USA
| | - Hannah Klopf
- Osteopathic Medicine, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Denver, USA
| | - Holly J Mattingly
- Counseling and Human Development, Lindsey Wilson College, Columbia, USA
| | - Kelly Brogan
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Independent Researcher, Miami, USA
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Kim S, Lee KY, Kim NH, Abbott RD, Kim C, Lee SK, Kim SH, Shin C. Relationship of obstructive sleep apnoea severity and subclinical systemic atherosclerosis. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00959-2019. [PMID: 31672758 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00959-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common form of sleep disordered breathing. Untreated OSA might accelerate atherosclerosis, potentially increasing the cardiovascular disease burden in patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between objectively measured OSA severity and the presence of subclinical systemic atherosclerosis using noninvasive measurements, including tomographic quantification of the calcium burden.A total of 2157 participants of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, who were free of structural heart disease and underwent both in-home polysomnography and chest computed tomography, were cross-sectionally analysed. Participants were divided into three groups based on the severity of OSA: no OSA (apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) <5 events·h-1, n=1096), mild OSA (AHI 5- <15 events·h-1, n=700) and moderate-to-severe OSA (AHI ≥15 events·h-1, n=361). Calcium deposits in the thoracic aorta and coronary arteries were measured by the Agatston score.Participants with moderate-to-severe OSA were 1.6 times (95% CI 1.18-2.15 times; p=0.002) more likely to have ascending thoracic aorta calcification (≥100 units) than those without OSA, after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. In addition, the association between moderate-to-severe OSA and ascending thoracic aorta calcification of subjects with higher epicardial fat volume was slightly stronger than that in patients without OSA and in the lowest epicardial fat volume tertile (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.30-3.43).Severity of OSA in the general population was independently associated with subclinical systemic atherosclerosis. These findings highlight the potential importance of severe OSA, especially in subjects with higher epicardial fat, as a possible predictive factor for systemic atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soriul Kim
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Yeol Lee
- Dept of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.,These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dept of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Cherry Kim
- Dept of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ku Lee
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Dept of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chol Shin
- Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea .,Division of Pulmonary Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Dept of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea.,These two authors contributed equally to this work
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Hart TM, Berninger VM, Abbott RD. Comparison of Teaching Single or Multiple Orthographic-Phonological Connections for Word Recognition and Spelling: Implications for Instructional Consultation. School Psychology Review 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02796015.1997.12085866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abbott RD, Ross GW, Duda JE, Shin C, Uyehara-Lock JH, Masaki KH, Launer LJ, White LR, Tanner CM, Petrovitch H. Excessive daytime sleepiness and topographic expansion of Lewy pathology. Neurology 2019; 93:e1425-e1432. [PMID: 31471503 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE While excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) can predate the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD), associations with underlying PD pathogenesis are unknown. Our objective is to determine if EDS is related to brain Lewy pathology (LP), a marker of PD pathogenesis, using clinical assessments of EDS with postmortem follow-up. METHODS Identification of LP was based on staining for α-synuclein in multiple brain regions in a sample of 211 men. Data on EDS were collected at clinical examinations from 1991 to 1999 when participants were aged 72-97 years. RESULTS Although EDS was more common in the presence vs absence of LP (p = 0.034), the association became stronger in neocortical regions. When LP was limited to the olfactory bulb, brainstem, and basal forebrain (Braak stages 1-4), frequency of EDS was 10% (4/40) vs 17.5% (20/114) in decedents without LP (p = 0.258). In contrast, compared to the absence of LP, EDS frequency doubled (36.7% [11/30], p = 0.023) when LP reached the anterior cingulate gyrus, insula mesocortex, and midfrontal, midtemporal, and inferior parietal neocortex (Braak stage 5). With further infiltration into the primary motor and sensory neocortices (Braak stage 6), EDS frequency increased threefold (51.9% [14/27], p < 0.001). Findings were similar across sleep-related features and persisted after adjustment for age and other covariates, including the removal of PD and dementia with Lewy bodies. CONCLUSIONS The association between EDS and PD includes relationships with extensive topographic LP expansion. The neocortex could be especially vulnerable to adverse relationships between sleep disorders and aggregation of misfolded α-synuclein and LP formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Abbott
- From the Institute of Human Genomic Study (R.D.A., C.S.), Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Departments of Medicine (G.W.R.) and Pathology (J.H.U.-L.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (G.W.R., K.H.M., H.P.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (J.E.D.), Philadelphia; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California-San Francisco.
| | - G Webster Ross
- From the Institute of Human Genomic Study (R.D.A., C.S.), Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Departments of Medicine (G.W.R.) and Pathology (J.H.U.-L.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (G.W.R., K.H.M., H.P.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (J.E.D.), Philadelphia; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California-San Francisco
| | - John E Duda
- From the Institute of Human Genomic Study (R.D.A., C.S.), Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Departments of Medicine (G.W.R.) and Pathology (J.H.U.-L.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (G.W.R., K.H.M., H.P.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (J.E.D.), Philadelphia; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California-San Francisco
| | - Chol Shin
- From the Institute of Human Genomic Study (R.D.A., C.S.), Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Departments of Medicine (G.W.R.) and Pathology (J.H.U.-L.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (G.W.R., K.H.M., H.P.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (J.E.D.), Philadelphia; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California-San Francisco
| | - Jane H Uyehara-Lock
- From the Institute of Human Genomic Study (R.D.A., C.S.), Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Departments of Medicine (G.W.R.) and Pathology (J.H.U.-L.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (G.W.R., K.H.M., H.P.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (J.E.D.), Philadelphia; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California-San Francisco
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- From the Institute of Human Genomic Study (R.D.A., C.S.), Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Departments of Medicine (G.W.R.) and Pathology (J.H.U.-L.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (G.W.R., K.H.M., H.P.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (J.E.D.), Philadelphia; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California-San Francisco
| | - Lenore J Launer
- From the Institute of Human Genomic Study (R.D.A., C.S.), Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Departments of Medicine (G.W.R.) and Pathology (J.H.U.-L.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (G.W.R., K.H.M., H.P.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (J.E.D.), Philadelphia; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California-San Francisco
| | - Lon R White
- From the Institute of Human Genomic Study (R.D.A., C.S.), Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Departments of Medicine (G.W.R.) and Pathology (J.H.U.-L.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (G.W.R., K.H.M., H.P.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (J.E.D.), Philadelphia; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California-San Francisco
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- From the Institute of Human Genomic Study (R.D.A., C.S.), Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Departments of Medicine (G.W.R.) and Pathology (J.H.U.-L.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (G.W.R., K.H.M., H.P.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (J.E.D.), Philadelphia; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California-San Francisco
| | - Helen Petrovitch
- From the Institute of Human Genomic Study (R.D.A., C.S.), Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Departments of Medicine (G.W.R.) and Pathology (J.H.U.-L.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (G.W.R., K.H.M., H.P.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., L.R.W., H.P.), Honolulu, HI; the Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine (J.E.D.), Philadelphia; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California-San Francisco
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9
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Abbott RD, Sadowski A, Alt AG. Efficacy of the Autoimmune Protocol Diet as Part of a Multi-disciplinary, Supported Lifestyle Intervention for Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Cureus 2019; 11:e4556. [PMID: 31275780 PMCID: PMC6592837 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, is an autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland and is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the US. Despite medical management with thyroid hormone replacement, many individuals with HT continue to experience symptoms and impaired quality of life. Given the limited number of efficacious treatments outside of hormone replacement and the overall burden of continued symptomatic disease, this pilot study was designed to determine the efficacy of a multi-disciplinary diet and lifestyle intervention for improving the quality of life, clinical symptom burden, and thyroid function in a population of middle-aged women with HT. Materials and methods The study recruited 17 normal or overweight (body mass index (BMI) <29.9) female subjects between the ages of 20 and 45 with a prior diagnosis of HT. The 17 women participated in a 10-week online health coaching program focused on the implementation of a phased elimination diet known as the Autoimmune Protocol (AIP). The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine's Medical Symptoms Questionnaire (MSQ) were used to measure the participant's health-related quality of life (HRQL) and clinical symptom burden, respectively, before and after the 10-week program. The participants completed serologic testing that included a complete blood cell count (CBC) with differential, complete metabolic profile (CMP), thyroid function tests, including thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total and free T4, and total and free T3, thyroid antibodies, including thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (TGA), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Results Sixteen women (n = 16) completed the SF-36 and MSQ before and after the 10-week program. There was a statistically significant improvement in HRQL as measured by all eight subscales of the SF-36 with the most marked improvements noted in the physical role functioning, emotional role functioning, vitality, and general health subscales. The clinical symptom burden, as measured by the MSQ, decreased significantly from an average of 92 (SD 25) prior to the program to 29 (SD 20) after the program. There were no statistically significant changes noted in any measure of thyroid function, including TSH, free and total T4, free and total T3 (n = 12), as well as thyroid antibodies (n = 14). Inflammation, as measured by hs-CRP (n = 14), was noted to significantly decrease by 29% (p = 0.0219) from an average of 1.63 mg/L (SD 1.72) pre-intervention to 1.15 mg/L (SD 1.31) post-intervention. Conclusions Our study suggests that an online diet and lifestyle program facilitated by a multi-disciplinary team can significantly improve HRQL and symptom burden in middle-aged female subjects with HT. While there were no statistically significant changes noted in thyroid function or thyroid antibodies, the study's findings suggest that AIP may decrease systemic inflammation and modulate the immune system as evidenced by a decrease in mean hs-CRP and changes in white blood cell (WBC) counts. Given the improvements seen in the HRQL and participants' symptom burden as well as markers of immune activity and inflammation, further studies in larger populations implementing AIP as part of a multi-disciplinary diet and lifestyle program are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Abbott
- Independent Researcher, Resilient Roots Functional and Evolutionary Medicine, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Adam Sadowski
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, USA
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10
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Kadowaki S, Miura K, Kadowaki T, Fujiyoshi A, El-Saed A, Masaki KH, Okamura T, Edmundowicz D, Rodriguez BL, Nakamura Y, Barinas-Mitchell EJM, Kadota A, Willcox BJ, Abbott RD, Kuller LH, Choo J, Shin C, Ueshima H, Sekikawa A. International Comparison of Abdominal Fat Distribution Among Four Populations: The ERA-JUMP Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2019; 16:166-173. [PMID: 29715072 DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abdominal fat distribution varies across groups with different races or environments. Whether environmental factors, apart from racial differences, affect abdominal fat distribution is unknown. METHODS We compared the abdominal fat distribution of four groups; different races with similar environments (Caucasians vs. Japanese Americans), different environments with an identical race (Japanese Americans vs. Japanese), and similar races with similar environments (Japanese vs. Koreans). A population-based sample of 1212 men aged 40-49 were analyzed: 307 Caucasians and 300 Japanese Americans in the United States, 310 Japanese in Japan, and 295 Koreans in Korea. We compared the proportion of visceral adipose tissue area to total abdominal adipose tissue area (VAT%) and other factors that can affect abdominal fat distribution (smoking, alcohol use, physical activity levels, and metabolic factors). RESULTS VAT% was significantly higher in Japanese and Koreans than in Japanese Americans and Caucasians (50.0, 48.5, 43.2, 41.0%, respectively, P < 0.001). Even after adjustment for possible confounders, the significant VAT% difference remained in comparing groups with identical race but different environments (i.e., Japanese vs. Japanese Americans). In contrast, comparing groups with different races but similar environments (i.e., Caucasians vs. Japanese Americans), VAT% was not significantly different. Comparing groups with similar races and similar environments (i.e., Japanese vs. Koreans), VAT% did not significantly differ. CONCLUSIONS Environmental differences, apart from racial differences, affect the difference in abdominal fat distribution across different groups in middle-aged men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Kadowaki
- 1 Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- 1 Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan .,2 Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Kadowaki
- 1 Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- 1 Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan
| | - Aiman El-Saed
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- 4 Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii , Honolulu, Hawaii.,5 Kuakini Medical Center , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- 6 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel Edmundowicz
- 7 Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Beatriz L Rodriguez
- 4 Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- 8 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University , Kyoto, Japan
| | - Emma J M Barinas-Mitchell
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Aya Kadota
- 1 Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan .,2 Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan
| | - Bradley J Willcox
- 2 Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan .,4 Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii , Honolulu, Hawaii.,5 Kuakini Medical Center , Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Robert D Abbott
- 2 Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan
| | - Lewis H Kuller
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jina Choo
- 9 College of Nursing, Korea University , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chol Shin
- 10 Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center , Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- 1 Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan .,2 Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science , Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- 3 Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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11
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Ross GW, Abbott RD, Petrovitch H, Duda JE, Tanner CM, Zarow C, Uyehara-Lock JH, Masaki KH, Launer LJ, Studabaker WB, White LR. Association of brain heptachlor epoxide and other organochlorine compounds with lewy pathology. Mov Disord 2018; 34:228-235. [PMID: 30597605 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organochlorine pesticides are associated with an increased risk of Parkinson's disease. A preliminary analysis from the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study suggested that heptachlor epoxide, a metabolite from an organochlorine pesticide extensively used in Hawaii, may be especially important. This was a cross sectional analysis to evaluate the association of heptachlor epoxide and other organochlorine compounds with Lewy pathology in an expanded survey of brain organochlorine residues from the longitudinal Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. METHODS Organochlorines were measured in frozen occipital or temporal lobes in 705 brains using gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Lewy pathology was identified using hematoxylin and eosin- and α-synuclein immunochemistry-stained sections from multiple brain regions. RESULTS The prevalence of Lewy pathology was nearly doubled in the presence versus the absence of heptachlor epoxide (30.1% versus 16.3%, P < 0.001). Although associations with other compounds were weaker, hexachlorobenzene (P = 0.003) and α-chlordane (P = 0.007) were also related to Lewy pathology. Most of the latter associations, however, were a result of confounding from heptachlor epoxide. Neither compound was significantly related to Lewy pathology after adjustment for heptachlor epoxide. In contrast, the association of heptachlor epoxide with Lewy pathology remained significant after adjustments for hexachlorobenzene (P = 0.013) or α-chlordane (P = 0.005). Findings were unchanged after removal of cases of PD and adjustment for age and other characteristics. CONCLUSIONS Organochlorine pesticides are associated with the presence of Lewy pathology in the brain, even after exclusion of PD cases. Although most of the association is through heptachlor epoxide, the role of other organochlorine compounds is in need of clarification. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Webster Ross
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Institute of Human Genomic Study, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Helen Petrovitch
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - John E Duda
- Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Chris Zarow
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jane H Uyehara-Lock
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Lon R White
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.,Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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12
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Berninger VW, Richards TL, Nielsen KH, Dunn MW, Raskind MH, Abbott RD. Behavioral and brain evidence for language by ear, mouth, eye, and hand and motor skills in literacy learning. Int J Sch Educ Psychol 2018; 7:182-200. [PMID: 32123644 PMCID: PMC7050657 DOI: 10.1080/21683603.2018.1458357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Two studies were conducted of students with and without persisting Specific Learning Disabilities (SLDs-WL) in Grades 4 to 9 (M = 11 years, 11 months) that supported the hypotheses that CELF 4 parent ratings for listening (language by ear), speaking (language by mouth), reading (language by eye), and writing (language by hand) were correlated with both (a) normed, standardized behavioral measures of listening, speaking, reading, and writing achievement (Study 1, 94 boys and 61 girls); and (b) fMRI connectivity or DTI white matter integrity involving brain regions for primary motor functions or motor planning and control, or motor timing in a subsample of right handers who did not wear metal (Study 2, 28 boys and 16 girls). Results of these assessment studies, which have implications for planning instruction for three SLDs-WL (dysgraphia, dyslexia, and oral and written language learning disability [OWL LD]), show that more than multisensory instruction is relevant. Language by ear, by mouth, by eye, and by hand, as well as motor planning, control, and output skills and motor timing should also be considered. Research is also reviewed that supports other processes beyond multisensory input alone that should also be considered for students with SLDs-WL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Todd L. Richards
- Integrated Brain Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Michael W. Dunn
- Special Education, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, USA
| | | | - Robert D. Abbott
- Educational Measurement and Statistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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13
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Abstract
Background The effects, in terms of bias and precision, of omitting non-confounding predictive covariates from generalized linear models have been well studied, and it is known that such omission results in attenuation bias but increased precision with logistic regression. However, many epidemiologic risk analyses utilize alternative models that are not based on a linear predictor, and the effect of omitting non-confounding predictive covariates from such models has not been characterized. Methods We employed simulation to study the effects on risk estimation of omitting non-confounding predictive covariates from an excess relative risk (ERR) model and a general additive-multiplicative relative-risk mixture model for binary outcome data in a case-control setting. We also compared the results to the effects with ordinary logistic regression. Results For these commonly employed alternative relative-risk models, the bias was similar to that with logistic regression when the risk was small. More generally, the bias and standard error of the risk-parameter estimates demonstrated patterns that are similar to those with logistic regression, but with greater magnitude depending on the true value of the risk. The magnitude of bias and standard error had little relation to study size or underlying disease prevalence. Conclusions Prior conclusions regarding omitted covariates in logistic regression models can be qualitatively applied to the ERR and the general additive-multiplicative relative-risk mixture model without substantial change. Quantitatively, however, these alternative models may have slightly greater omitted-covariate bias, depending on the magnitude of the true risk being estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Cologne
- Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation
| | - Kyoji Furukawa
- Department of Statistics, Radiation Effects Research Foundation
| | - Eric J Grant
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
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14
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Marras C, Beck JC, Bower JH, Roberts E, Ritz B, Ross GW, Abbott RD, Savica R, Van Den Eeden SK, Willis AW, Tanner CM. Prevalence of Parkinson's disease across North America. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2018; 4:21. [PMID: 30003140 PMCID: PMC6039505 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-018-0058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 485] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in North America have varied widely and many estimates are based on small numbers of cases and from small regional subpopulations. We sought to estimate the prevalence of Parkinson's disease in North America by combining data from a multi-study sampling strategy in diverse geographic regions and/or data sources. Five separate cohort studies in California (2), Minnesota (1), Hawaii USA (1), and Ontario, Canada (1) estimated the prevalence of PD from health-care records (3), active ascertainment through facilities, large group, and neurology practices (1), and longitudinal follow-up of a population cohort (1). US Medicare program data provided complementary estimates for the corresponding regions. Using our age- and sex-specific meta-estimates from California, Minnesota, and Ontario and the US population structure from 2010, we estimate the overall prevalence of PD among those aged ≥45 years to be 572 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval 537-614) that there were 680,000 individuals in the US aged ≥45 years with PD in 2010 and that that number will rise to approximately 930,000 in 2020 and 1,238,000 in 2030 based on the US Census Bureau population projections. Regional variations in prevalence were also observed in both the project results and the Medicare-based calculations with which they were compared. The estimates generated by the Hawaiian study were lower across age categories. These estimates can guide health-care planning but should be considered minimum estimates. Some heterogeneity exists that remains to be understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marras
- 1The Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Centre and the Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Research, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - J C Beck
- The Parkinson's Foundation, New York, NY USA.,3New York University, New York, NY USA
| | - J H Bower
- 4Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - E Roberts
- 5Public Health Institute, Oakland, CA USA
| | - B Ritz
- 6Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health and UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA.,7Department of Environmental Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health and UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA.,8Department of Neurology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health and UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - G W Ross
- 9Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - R D Abbott
- 10Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - R Savica
- 4Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - S K Van Den Eeden
- 11Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA USA
| | - A W Willis
- 12Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA.,13Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - C M Tanner
- 14Department of Neurology, University of California - San Francisco & PD Research Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA USA
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15
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Richards TL, Berninger VW, Yagle K, Abbott RD, Peterson D. Brain's functional network clustering coefficient changes in response to instruction (RTI) in students with and without reading disabilities: Multi-leveled reading brain's RTI. Cogent Psychol 2018; 5. [PMID: 29610767 PMCID: PMC5877472 DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1424680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In students in grades 4 to 9 (22 males, 20 females), two reading disability groups-dyslexia (n = 20) or oral and written language learning disability (OWL LD) (n = 6)-were compared to each other and two kinds of control groups-typical readers (n = 6) or dysgraphia (n = 10) on word reading/spelling skills and fMRI imaging before and after completing 18 computerized reading lessons. Mixed ANOVAs showed significant time effects on repeated measures within participants and between groups effects on three behavioral markers of reading disabilities-word reading/spelling: All groups improved on the three behavioral measures, but those without disabilities remained higher than those with reading disabilities. On fMRI reading tasks, analyzed for graph theory derived clustering coefficients within a neural network involved in cognitive control functions, on a word level task the time × group interaction was significant in right medial cingulate; on a syntax level task the time × group interaction was significant in left superior frontal and left inferior frontal gyri; and on a multi-sentence text level task the time × group interaction was significant in right middle frontal gyrus. Three white matter-gray matter correlations became significant only after reading instruction: axial diffusivity in left superior frontal region with right inferior frontal gyrus during word reading judgments; mean diffusivity in left superior corona radiata with left middle frontal gyrus during sentence reading judgments; and mean diffusivity in left anterior corona radiata with right middle frontal gyrus during multi-sentence reading judgments. Significance of results for behavioral and brain response to reading instruction (RTI) is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Richards
- Department of Radiology, Integrated Brain Imaging Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Virginia W Berninger
- Learning Sciences and Human Development, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kevin Yagle
- Department of Radiology, Integrated Brain Imaging Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Educational Statistics and Measurement, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dan Peterson
- Department of Radiology, Integrated Brain Imaging Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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16
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Kristman-Valente AN, Hill KG, Epstein M, Kosterman R, Bailey JA, Steeger CM, Jones TM, Abbott RD, Johnson RM, Walker D, David Hawkins J. The Relationship Between Marijuana and Conventional Cigarette Smoking Behavior from Early Adolescence to Adulthood. Prev Sci 2018; 18:428-438. [PMID: 28349235 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-017-0774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal analyses investigated (a) the co-occurrence of marijuana use and conventional cigarette smoking within time and (b) bidirectional associations between marijuana and conventional cigarette use in three developmental periods: adolescence, young adulthood, and adulthood. A cross-lag model was used to examine the bidirectional model of marijuana and conventional cigarette smoking frequency from ages 13 to 33 years. The bidirectional model accounted for gender, school-age economic disadvantage, childhood attention problems, and race. Marijuana use and conventional cigarette smoking were associated within time in decreasing magnitude and increased cigarette smoking predicted increased marijuana use during adolescence. A reciprocal relationship was found in the transition from young adulthood to adulthood, such that increased conventional cigarette smoking at age 24 years uniquely predicted increased marijuana use at age 27 years, and increased marijuana use at age 24 years uniquely predicted more frequent conventional cigarette smoking at age 27 years, even after accounting for other factors. The association between marijuana and cigarette smoking was found to developmentally vary in the current study. Results suggest that conventional cigarette smoking prevention efforts in adolescence and young adulthood could potentially lower the public health impact of both conventional cigarette smoking and marijuana use. Findings point to the importance of universal conventional cigarette smoking prevention efforts among adolescents as a way to decrease later marijuana use and suggest that a prevention effort focused on young adults as they transition to adulthood would lower the use of both cigarette and marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison N Kristman-Valente
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - Karl G Hill
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Christine M Steeger
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Tiffany M Jones
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Robert D Abbott
- College of Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Denise Walker
- School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite, 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
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17
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Nielsen K, Henderson S, Barnett AL, Abbott RD, Berninger V. Movement Issues Identified in Movement ABC2 Checklist Parent Ratings for Students with Persisting Dysgraphia, Dyslexia, and OWL LD and Typical Literacy Learners. Learn Disabil (Pittsbg) 2018; 23:10-23. [PMID: 29606845 PMCID: PMC5872143 DOI: 10.18666/ldmj-2018-v23-i1-8449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Movement, which draws on motor skills and executive functions for managing them, plays an important role in literacy learning (e.g., movement of mouth during oral reading and movement of hand and fingers during writing); but relatively little research has focused on movement skills in students with specific learning disabilities as the current study did. Parents completed normed Movement Assessment Battery for Children Checklist, 2nd edition (ABC-2), ratings and their children in grades 4 to 9 (M = 11 years, 11 months; 94 boys, 61 girls) completed diagnostic assessment used to assign them to diagnostic groups: control typical language learning (N = 42), dysgraphia (impaired handwriting) (N = 29), dyslexia (impaired word decoding/reading and spelling) (N = 65), or oral and written language learning disability (OWL LD) (impaired syntax in oral and written language) (N = 19). The research aims were to (a) correlate the Movement ABC-2 parent ratings for Scale A Static/Predictable Environment (15 items) and Scale B Dynamic/Unpredictable Environment (15 items) with reading and writing achievement in total sample varying within and across different skills; and (b) compare each specific learning disability group with the control group on Movement ABC-2 parent ratings for Scale A, Scale B, and Scale C Movement-Related (Non-Motor Executive Functions, or Self-Efficacy, or Affect) (13 items). At least one Movement ABC-2 parent rating was correlated with each assessed literacy achievement skill. Each of three specific learning disability groups differed from the control group on two Scale A (static/predictable environment) items (fastens buttons and forms letters with pencil or pen) and on three Scale C items (distractibility, overactive, and underestimates own ability); but only OWL LD differed from control on Scale B (dynamic/unpredictable environment) items. Applications of findings to assessment and instruction for students ascertained for and diagnosed with persisting specific learning disabilities in literacy learning, and future research directions are discussed.
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Sanders EA, Berninger VW, Abbott RD. Sequential Prediction of Literacy Achievement for Specific Learning Disabilities Contrasting in Impaired Levels of Language in Grades 4 to 9. J Learn Disabil 2018; 51:137-157. [PMID: 28199175 PMCID: PMC5538955 DOI: 10.1177/0022219417691048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sequential regression was used to evaluate whether language-related working memory components uniquely predict reading and writing achievement beyond cognitive-linguistic translation for students in Grades 4 through 9 ( N = 103) with specific learning disabilities (SLDs) in subword handwriting (dysgraphia, n = 25), word reading and spelling (dyslexia, n = 60), or oral and written language (oral and written language learning disabilities, n = 18). That is, SLDs are defined on the basis of cascading level of language impairment (subword, word, and syntax/text). A five-block regression model sequentially predicted literacy achievement from cognitive-linguistic translation (Block 1); working memory components for word-form coding (Block 2), phonological and orthographic loops (Block 3), and supervisory focused or switching attention (Block 4); and SLD groups (Block 5). Results showed that cognitive-linguistic translation explained an average of 27% and 15% of the variance in reading and writing achievement, respectively, but working memory components explained an additional 39% and 27% of variance. Orthographic word-form coding uniquely predicted nearly every measure, whereas attention switching uniquely predicted only reading. Finally, differences in reading and writing persisted between dyslexia and dysgraphia, with dysgraphia higher, even after controlling for Block 1 to 4 predictors. Differences in literacy achievement between students with dyslexia and oral and written language learning disabilities were largely explained by the Block 1 predictors. Applications to identifying and teaching students with these SLDs are discussed.
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Abbott RD, Raskind WH, Matsushita M, Price ND, Richards T, Berninger VW. Patterns of biomarkers for three phenotype profiles of persisting specific learning disabilities during middle childhood and early adolescence: A preliminary study. Biomark Genes 2017; 1:103. [PMID: 30854516 PMCID: PMC6407889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Students without specific learning disabilities [SLDs] [n=18] and with one of three persisting SLDs in written language despite early and current specialized instruction-Dysgraphia [n=21], Dyslexia [n=40], or oral and written language learning disability OWL LD [n=14]- in grades 4 to 9 [N=56 boys, 38 girls] completed behavioral phenotyping assessment and gave a small blood or saliva sample. Molecular analyses informed by current cross-site research on gene candidates for learning disabilities identified associations between molecular genetic markers and the two defining behavioral phenotypes for each SLDs-WL; dysgraphia [impaired writing alphabet from memory for rs3743204 and sentence copying in best handwriting for rs79382 both in DYX1C1], dyslexia [impaired silent word reading/decoding rate for rs4535189 in DCDC2 and impaired spelling/encoding for rs374205 in DYX1C1], and OWL LD [impaired aural syntax comprehension for rs807701 and oral syntax construction for rs807701 both in DYX1C1]. Implications of these identified associations between molecular markers for alleles for different sites within two gene candidates [and mostly one] and hallmark phenotypes are discussed for translation science [application to practice] and neuroimaging that has identified contrasting brain bases for each of the three SLDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Abbott
- University of Washington, Quantitative Studies and Measurement, USA
| | - Wendy H. Raskind
- University of Washington, Medicine, USA,University of Washington, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, USA
| | | | - Nathan D. Price
- Institute for Systems Biology, USA,University of Washington, Bioengineering, Computer Science & Engineering, Molecular & Cellular Biology, USA
| | - Todd Richards
- University of Washington, Integrated Brain Imaging Center and Radiology, USA
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20
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Berninger VW, Richards TL, Abbott RD. Brain and Behavioral Assessment of Executive Functions for Self-Regulating Levels of Language in Reading Brain. J Nat Sci 2017; 3:e464. [PMID: 29104930 PMCID: PMC5662027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This brief research report examines brain-behavioral relationships specific to levels of language in the complex reading brain. The first specific aim was to examine prior findings for significant fMRI connectivity from four seeds (left precuneus, left occipital temporal, left supramarginal, left inferior frontal) for each of four levels of language-subword, word (word-specific spelling or affixed words), syntax (with and without homonym foils or affix foils), and multi-sentence text to identify significant fMRI connectivity (a) unique to the lower level of language when compared to the immediately higher adjacent level of language across subword-word, word-syntax, and syntax-text comparisons; and (b) involving a brain region associated with executive functions. The second specific aim was to correlate the magnitude of that connectivity with standard scores on tests of Focused Attention (D-K EFS Color Word Form Inhibition) and Switching Attention (Wolf & Denckla Rapid Automatic Switching). Seven correlations were significant. Focused Attention was significantly correlated with the word level (word-specific spellings of real words) fMRI task in left cingulum from left inferior frontal seed. Switching Attention was significantly correlated with the (a) subword level (grapheme-phoneme correspondence) fMRI task in left and right Cerebellum V from left supramarginal seed; (b) the word level (word-specific spelling) fMRI task in right Cerebellum V from left precuneus seed; (c) the syntax level (with and without homonym foils) fMRI task in right Cerebellum V from left precuneus seed and from left supramarginal seed; and (d) syntax level (with and without affix foils) fMRI task in right Cerebellum V from left precuneus seed. Results are discussed in reference to neuropsychological assessment of supervisory attention (focused and switching) for specific levels of language related to reading acquisition in students with and without language-related specific learning disabilities and self-regulation of the complex reading brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia W. Berninger
- Educational Psychology, Learning Sciences and Human Development, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Todd L. Richards
- Integrated Brain Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert D. Abbott
- Educational Statistics and Measurement, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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21
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Abbott RD, Nelson JS, Ross GW, Uyehara-Lock JH, Tanner CM, Masaki KH, Launer LJ, White LR, Petrovitch H. Marinesco bodies and substantia nigra neuron density in Parkinson's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2017. [PMID: 28626918 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Marinesco bodies (MB) are intranuclear inclusions in pigmented neurons of the substantia nigra (SN). While rare in children, frequency increases with normal ageing and is high in Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and other neurodegenerative disorders. Coinciding with the age-related rise in MB frequency is initiation of cell death among SN neurons. Whether MB have a role in this process is unknown. Our aim is to examine the association of MB with SN neuron density in Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. METHODS Data on MB and neuron density were measured in SN transverse sections in 131 autopsied men aged 73-99 years at the time of death from 1992 to 2007. RESULTS Marinesco body frequency was low in the presence vs. absence of PD (2.3% vs. 6.6%, P < 0.001). After PD onset, MB frequency declined as duration of PD increased (P = 0.006). Similar patterns were observed for SN neuron density. When MB frequency was low, neuron density was noticeably reduced in the SN ventrolateral quadrant, the region most vulnerable to PD neurodegeneration. Low MB frequency was unique to PD as its high frequency in non-PD cases was unrelated to parkinsonian signs and incidental Lewy bodies. Frequency was high in the presence of Alzheimer's disease and apolipoprotein ε4 alleles. CONCLUSIONS While findings confirm that MB frequency is low in PD, declines in MB frequency continue with PD duration. The extent to which MB have a distinct relationship with PD warrants clarification. Further studies of MB could be important in understanding PD processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Abbott
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.,Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - J S Nelson
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - G W Ross
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - J H Uyehara-Lock
- Department of Pathology, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - C M Tanner
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K H Masaki
- Department of Geriatric Medicine and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Kuakini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - L J Launer
- National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - L R White
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - H Petrovitch
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Department of Geriatric Medicine and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, HI, USA.,Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Lyman RD, Sanders E, Abbott RD, Berninger VW. Translating Interdisciplinary Research on Language Learning into Identifying Specific Learning Disabilities in Verbally Gifted and Average Children and Youth. J Behav Brain Sci 2017; 7:227-246. [PMID: 32201634 PMCID: PMC7085111 DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2017.76017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The current research was grounded in prior interdisciplinary research that showed cognitive ability (verbal ability for translating cognitions into oral language) and multiple-working memory endophenotypes (behavioral markers of genetic or brain bases of language learning) predict reading and writing achievement in students with and without specific learning disabilities in written language (SLDs-WL). Results largely replicated prior findings that verbally gifted with dyslexia score higher on reading and writing achievement than those with average verbal ability but not on endophenotypes. The current study extended that research by comparing those with and without SLDs-WL with assessed verbal ability held constant. The verbally gifted without SLDs-WL (n = 14) scored higher than the verbally gifted with SLDs-WL (n = 27) on six language skills (oral sentence construction, best and fastest handwriting in copying, single real word oral reading accuracy, oral pseudoword reading accuracy and rate) and four endophenotypes (orthographic and morphological coding, orthographic loop, and switching attention). The verbally average without SLDs-WL (n = 6) scored higher than the verbally average with SLDs-WL (n = 22) on four language skills (best and fastest handwriting in copying, oral pseudoword reading accuracy and rate) and two endophenotypes (orthographic coding and orthographic loop). Implications of results for translating interdisciplinary research into flexible definitions for assessment and instruction to serve students with varying verbal abilities and language learning and endophenotype profiles are discussed along with directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Dawn Lyman
- Learning Sciences and Human Development, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sanders
- Quantitative Methods and Measurement, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Quantitative Methods and Measurement, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Virginia W Berninger
- Learning Sciences and Human Development, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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23
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Richards TL, Berninger VW, Yagle KJ, Abbott RD, Peterson DJ. Changes in DTI Diffusivity and fMRI Connectivity Cluster Coefficients for Students with and without Specific Learning Disabilities In Written Language: Brain's Response to Writing Instruction. J Nat Sci 2017; 3:e350. [PMID: 28670621 PMCID: PMC5488805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Before and after computerized writing instruction, participants completed assessment with normed measures and DTI and fMRI connectivity scanning. Evidence-based differential diagnosis was used at time 1 to assign them to diagnostic groups: typical oral and written language (n=6), dysgraphia (impaired handwriting, n=10), dyslexia (impaired word spelling and reading, n=20), and OWL LD (impaired syntax construction, n=6). The instruction was aimed at subword letter writing, word spelling, and syntax composing. With p <.001 to control for multiple comparisons, the following significant findings were observed in academic achievement, DTI (radial diffusivity RD, axial diffusivity AD, and mean diffusivity MD), and graph cluster coefficients for fMRI connectivity. A time effect (pre-post intervention increase) in handwriting and oral construction of sentence syntax was significant; but diagnostic group effects were significant for dictated spelling and creation of word-specific spellings, with the dyslexia and OWL LD groups scoring lower than the typical control or dysgraphia groups. For RD a time effect occurred in anterior corona radiata and superior frontal. For AD a time effect occurred in superior corona radiata, superior frontal region, middle frontal gyrus, and superior longitudinal fasciculus. For MD a time effect occurred in the same regions as AD and also anterior coronal radiata. A diagnostic group effect occurred for graph cluster coefficients in fMRI connectivity while writing the next letter in alphabet from memory; but the diagnostic group × time interaction was not significant. The only significant time × treatment interaction occurred in right inferior frontal gyrus associated with orthographic coding. Compared to time 1, cluster coefficients increased at time 2 in all groups except in the dysgraphia group in which they decreased. Implications of results are discussed for response to instruction (RTI) versus evidence-based differential diagnosis for identifying students with SLDs in writing which may be best understood at both the behavioral and brain levels of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L. Richards
- Integrated Brain Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Kevin J. Yagle
- Integrated Brain Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert D. Abbott
- Educational Statistics and Measurement, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel J. Peterson
- Integrated Brain Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wolf B, Abbott RD, Berninger VW. Effective Beginning Handwriting Instruction: Multi-modal, Consistent Format for 2 Years, and Linked to Spelling and Composing. Read Writ 2017; 30:299-317. [PMID: 28190930 PMCID: PMC5300752 DOI: 10.1007/s11145-016-9674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In Study 1, the treatment group (N = 33 first graders, M = 6 years 10 months, 16 girls) received Slingerland multi-modal (auditory, visual, tactile, motor through hand, and motor through mouth) manuscript (unjoined) handwriting instruction embedded in systematic spelling, reading, and composing lessons; and the control group (N =16 first graders, M = 7 years 1 month, 7 girls) received manuscript handwriting instruction not systematically related to the other literacy activities. ANOVA showed both groups improved on automatic alphabet writing from memory; but ANCOVA with the automatic alphabet writing task as covariate showed that the treatment group improved significantly more than control group from the second to ninth month of first grade on dictated spelling and recognition of word-specific spellings among phonological foils. In Study 2 new groups received either a second year of manuscript (N = 29, M = 7 years 8 months, 16 girls) or introduction to cursive (joined) instruction in second grade (N = 24, M = 8 years 0 months, 11 girls) embedded in the Slingerland literacy program. ANCOVA with automatic alphabet writing as covariate showed that those who received a second year of manuscript handwriting instruction improved more on sustained handwriting over 30, 60, and 90 seconds than those who had had only one year of manuscript instruction; both groups improved in spelling and composing from the second to ninth month of second grade. Results are discussed in reference to mastering one handwriting format before introducing another format at a higher grade level and always embedding handwriting instruction in writing and reading instruction aimed at all levels of language.
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25
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Richards TL, Abbott RD, Yagle K, Peterson D, Raskind W, Berninger VW. Self-government of complex reading and writing brains informed by cingulo-opercular network for adaptive control and working memory components for language learning. J Syst Integr Neurosci 2017; 3. [PMID: 29576874 DOI: 10.15761/jsin.1000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To understand mental self-government of the developing reading and writing brain, correlations of clustering coefficients on fMRI reading or writing tasks with BASC 2 Adaptivity ratings (time 1 only) or working memory components (time 1 before and time 2 after instruction previously shown to improve achievement and change magnitude of fMRI connectivity) were investigated in 39 students in grades 4 to 9 who varied along a continuum of reading and writing skills. A Philips 3T scanner measured connectivity during six leveled fMRI reading tasks (subword-letters and sounds, word-word-specific spellings or affixed words, syntax comprehension-with and without homonym foils or with and without affix foils, and text comprehension) and three fMRI writing tasks-writing next letter in alphabet, adding missing letter in word spelling, and planning for composing. The Brain Connectivity Toolbox generated clustering coefficients based on the cingulo-opercular (CO) network; after controlling for multiple comparisons and movement, significant fMRI connectivity clustering coefficients for CO were identified in 8 brain regions bilaterally (cingulate gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, insula, cingulum-cingulate gyrus, and cingulum-hippocampus). BASC2 Parent Ratings for Adaptivity were correlated with CO clustering coefficients on three reading tasks (letter-sound, word affix judgments and sentence comprehension) and one writing task (writing next letter in alphabet). Before instruction, each behavioral working memory measure (phonology, orthography, morphology, and syntax coding, phonological and orthographic loops for integrating internal language and output codes, and supervisory focused and switching attention) correlated significantly with at least one CO clustering coefficient. After instruction, the patterning of correlations changed with new correlations emerging. Results show that the reading and writing brain's mental government, supported by both CO Adaptive Control and multiple working memory components, had changed in response to instruction during middle childhood/early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Richards
- Integrated Brain Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Educational Statistics and Measurement, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Kevin Yagle
- Integrated Brain Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Dan Peterson
- Integrated Brain Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Wendy Raskind
- Medical Genetics, University of Washington, USA.,Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, USA
| | - Virginia W Berninger
- Educational Psychology, Learning Sciences and Human Development, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Nguyen HN, Miyagawa N, Miura K, Okuda N, Yoshita K, Arai Y, Nakagawa H, Sakata K, Ojima T, Kadota A, Takashima N, Fujiyoshi A, Ohkubo T, Abbott RD, Okamura T, Okayama A, Ueshima H. Dietary tofu intake and long-term risk of death from stroke in a general population. Clin Nutr 2016; 37:182-188. [PMID: 27979412 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM Although dietary soy intake is linked with health benefits, a relation with stroke has not been established. The present study examined the association between the intake of tofu, the richest source of dietary soy, with stroke mortality in a general population cohort of Japanese men and women. METHODS Data comprise 9244 Japanese enrolled in the National Nutrition Survey of Japan in 1980. Participants were free of cardiovascular disease and followed for 24 years. Dietary intake was estimated from 3-day weighed food records. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios across levels of tofu intake. RESULTS During follow-up, there were 417 deaths due to stroke (88 cerebral hemorrhage [CH], 245 cerebral infarction [CI], and 84 of other subtypes). Among all men, and in women aged 65 years or more, tofu intake was unrelated to each form of stroke. For young women (<65 years of age), a significantly lower risk of CH in the top versus bottom quartile of tofu intake was observed (Multivariable-adjusted HR = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08-0.85). CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study with long follow-up of Japanese men and women, consumption of tofu was unrelated to the risk of stroke except for CH in women <65 years of age. Whether the association in younger women is real or due to chance alone warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho N Nguyen
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Arai
- Department of Nutrition, Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kiyomi Sakata
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ojima
- Department of Community Health and Preventive Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Okayama
- Research Institute of Strategy for Prevention, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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Zaid M, Fujiyoshi A, Kadota A, Abbott RD, Miura K. Coronary Artery Calcium and Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness and Plaque: Clinical Use in Need of Clarification. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 24:227-239. [PMID: 27904029 PMCID: PMC5383538 DOI: 10.5551/jat.rv16005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis begins in early life and has a long latent period prior to onset of clinical disease. Measures of subclinical atherosclerosis, therefore, may have important implications for research and clinical practice of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this review, we focus on coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque as many population-based studies have investigated these measures due to their non-invasive features and ease of administration. To date, a vast majority of studies have been conducted in the US and European countries, in which both CAC and cIMT/plaque have been shown to be associated with future risk of ASCVD, independent of conventional risk factors. Furthermore, these measures improve risk prediction when added to a global risk prediction model, such as the Framingham risk score. However, no clinical trial has assessed whether screening with CAC or cIMT/plaque will lead to improved clinical outcomes and healthcare costs. Interestingly, similar levels of CAC or cIMT/plaque among various regions and ethnic groups may in fact be associated with significantly different levels of absolute risk of ASCVD. Therefore, it remains to be determined whether measures of subclinical atherosclerosis improve risk prediction in non-US/European populations. Although CAC and cIMT/plaque are promising surrogates of ASCVD in research, we conclude that their use in clinical practice, especially as screening tools for primary prevention in asymptomatic adults, is premature due to many vagaries that remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zaid
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
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28
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Abbott RD, Fayol M, Zorman M, Casalis S, Nagy W, Berninger VW. Relationships of French and English Morphophonemic Orthographies to Word Reading, Spelling, and Reading Comprehension during Early and Middle Childhood. Can J Sch Psychol 2016; 31:305-321. [PMID: 27818573 DOI: 10.1177/0829573516640336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Two longitudinal studies of word reading, spelling, and reading comprehension identified commonalities and differences in morphophonemic orthographies-French (Study 1, n=1313) or English (Study 2, n=114) in early childhood (grade 2) and middle childhood (grade 5). For French and English, statistically significant concurrent relationships among these literacy skills occurred in grades 2 and 5, and longitudinal relationships for each skill with itself from grade 2 to 5; but concurrent relationships were more sizable and longitudinal relationships more variable for English than French especially for word reading to reading comprehension. Results show that, for both morphophonemic orthographies, assessment and instructional practices should be tailored to early or middle childhood, and early childhood reading comprehension may not be related to middle childhood spelling. Also discussed are findings applying only to English, for which word origin is primarily Anglo-Saxon in early childhood, but increasingly French in middle childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michel Fayol
- University of Clermont Blaise-Pascal, & CNRS, France
| | - Michel Zorman
- Principal Investigator for Collecting the longitudinal French data
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Bailey JA, Hill KG, Guttmannova K, Epstein M, Abbott RD, Steeger CM, Skinner ML. Associations Between Parental and Grandparental Marijuana Use and Child Substance Use Norms in a Prospective, Three-Generation Study. J Adolesc Health 2016; 59:262-268. [PMID: 27265424 PMCID: PMC5002069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using prospective longitudinal data from three generations, this study seeks to test whether and how parent and grandparent marijuana use (current and prior) predicts an increased likelihood of child cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. METHODS Using multilevel modeling of prospective data spanning three generations (n = 306 families, children ages 6-22), this study tested associations between grandparent (G1) and parent (G2) marijuana use and child (G3) past-year cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. Analyses tested whether G3 substance-related norms mediated these associations. Current G1 and G2 marijuana use was examined, as was G2 high school and early adult use and G1 marijuana use when G2 parents were in early adolescence. Controls included G2 age at G3 birth, G2 education and depression, and G3 gender. RESULTS G2 current marijuana use predicted a higher likelihood of G3 alcohol and marijuana use but was not related to the probability of G3 cigarette use. G3's perceptions of their parents' norms and G2 current marijuana use both contributed independently to the likelihood of G3 alcohol and marijuana use when included in the same model. G3 children's own norms and their perceptions of friends' norms mediated the link between G2 current marijuana use and G3 alcohol and marijuana use. CONCLUSIONS Results are discussed in light of the growing trend toward marijuana legalization. To the extent that parent marijuana use increases under legalization, we can expect more youth to use alcohol and marijuana and to have norms that favor substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Karl G. Hill
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Katarina Guttmannova
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Robert D. Abbott
- College of Education, University of Washington, Box 353600, Seattle, WA 98195-3600, USA
| | - Christine M. Steeger
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Martie L. Skinner
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
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Abbott RD. Social Desirability and Judged Frequency of Occurrence: Reanalysis and Comment on Bernhardson and Fisher. Psychol Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1974.35.3.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The conclusions of Bernhardson and Fisher regarding the “direct contribution” of the social desirability scale value and judged probability of occurrence in the population to the prediction of the proportion of respondents answering True to personality items were re-examined basing new estimates of “direct contribution” upon multiple regression model comparisons which emphasize the common “contribution” between the judged probability of occurrence and social desirability and are not influenced by the ordering of variables in the regression equation.
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Abstract
The MMPI and Edwards Personality Inventory were administered to 218 college students. Scores on the Manifest Anxiety (MA), Repression-Sensitization (R-S), and Social Desirability (SD) scales were scored from the MMPI and a non-overlapping, balanced True-False, non-pathological content social desirability (BSD) scale was scored from the items of the Edwards. The scales were intercorrelated and factor analyzed by the method of principal components. The results support a social desirability interpretation of scores on the four scales, and questioned the discriminant validity of the R-S and MA scales, as have other studies which were briefly reviewed.
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Abstract
Previous studies involving the R scale of the MMPI as a measure of acquiescent tendencies were replicated with items from the California Psychological Inventory, the Personality Research Form AA, and Booklet II of the Edwards Personality Inventory. The results obtained support the interpretation of scores on the R scale as measuring acquiescent tendencies with respect to items with a non-pathological content.
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33
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Abbott RD. Stylistic Response Variance and Trait Inference from the Study of Values. Psychol Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.2466/pr0.1970.27.3.911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Allport-Vernon-Lindzey Study of Values and four scales accounting for possible trait confounding variance, Edwards' SD, Wiggins' Sd, Marlowe-Crowne, and Welsh's R, were administered to 171 female and 116 male college students. The resultant factor structure and coefficients of determination (all less than .07) between the two sets of scales supported the discriminant validity of the Study of Values scales for the four stylistic sources measured and their continued use as trait indicants unconfounded by stylistic variance.
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Hisamatsu T, Miura K, Arima H, Kadota A, Kadowaki S, Torii S, Suzuki S, Miyagawa N, Sato A, Yamazoe M, Fujiyoshi A, Ohkubo T, Yamamoto T, Murata K, Abbott RD, Sekikawa A, Horie M, Ueshima H. Smoking, Smoking Cessation, and Measures of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Multiple Vascular Beds in Japanese Men. J Am Heart Assoc 2016; 5:JAHA.116.003738. [PMID: 27572823 PMCID: PMC5079033 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.116.003738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Smoking is an overwhelming, but preventable, risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), although smoking prevalence remains high in developed and developing countries in East Asia. Methods and Results In a population‐based sample of 1019 Japanese men aged 40 to 79 years, without CVD, we examined cross‐sectional associations of smoking status, cumulative pack‐years, daily consumption, and time since cessation, with subclinical atherosclerosis at 4 anatomically distinct vascular beds, including coronary artery calcification, carotid intima‐media thickness (CIMT) and plaque, aortic artery calcification (AoAC), and ankle‐brachial index. Current, former, and never smoking were present in 32.3%, 50.0%, and 17.7%, respectively. Compared to never smokers, current smokers had significantly higher risks of subclinical atherosclerosis in all 4 circulations (eg, odds ratios for coronary artery calcification >0, 1.79 [95% CIs, 1.16–2.79]; CIMT >1.0 mm, 1.88 [1.02–3.47]; AoAC >0, 4.29 [2.30–7.97]; and ankle‐brachial index <1.1, 1.78 [1.16–2.74]) and former smokers did in carotid and aortic circulations (CIMT >1.0 mm, 1.94 [1.13–3.34]; and AoAC >0, 2.55 [1.45–4.49]). Dose–response relationships of pack‐years and daily consumption, particularly with CIMT, carotid plaque, AoAC, and ankle‐brachial index, were observed among both current and former smokers, and even a small amount of pack‐years or daily consumption among current smokers was associated with coronary artery calcification and AoAC, whereas time since cessation among former smokers was linearly associated with lower burdens of all atherosclerotic indices. Conclusions Cigarette smoking was strongly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in multiple vascular beds in Japanese men, and these associations attenuated with time since cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hisamatsu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kadowaki
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Sayuki Torii
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Sentaro Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sato
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamazoe
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Murata
- Department of Radiology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Minoru Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Shurtleff HA, Fay GE, Abbott RD, Berninger VW. Cognitive and Neuropsychological Correlates of Academic Achievement: A Levels of Analysis Assessment Model. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/073428298800600313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Regression techniques were used to evaluate whether combining a subtest of a cognitive battery and a subtest of a neuropsychological battery contributes to educational asessment. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), the Halstead Reitan Battery for Older Children (9-14), the Wide Range Achievement Test, and the Analytical Reading Inventory were administered to 49 children aged 10 to 12 referred to a medical center for assessment of school learning problems. Correlations between subtests in the cognitive battery (WISC-R) and the neuropsychological battery (Halstead-Reitan) indicated both common and unique variance between these batteries. When combinations of a cognitive and a neuropsychological subtest were compared to a single cognitive or neuropsychological subtest alone, significantly more variance in word decoding, reading comprehension, and arithmetic was explained by combinations than by single subtests. These findings show that cognitive and neuropsychological subtests are not redundant and that inclusion of both improves educational assessment. Both cognitive and neuropsychological testing are needed for inferences about levels of function within working brain systems related to school achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A. Shurtleff
- University of Washington and Seattle's Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Neurodiagnostic Clinic
| | - Gayle E. Fay
- Seattle's Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Neurodiagnostic Clinic
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36
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Kosterman R, Hill KG, Lee JO, Meacham MC, Abbott RD, Catalano RF, Hawkins JD. Young adult social development as a mediator of alcohol use disorder symptoms from age 21 to 30. Psychol Addict Behav 2016; 28:348-58. [PMID: 24955663 DOI: 10.1037/a0034970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Little research has examined social development in the young adult years relative to childhood and adolescence. This study tested the hypothesized pathways of the social development model (SDM) in young adulthood for predicting symptoms of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and positive functioning at age 30. A longitudinal panel study originally drawn from Seattle, Washington, elementary schools was examined. The sample included 808 participants with high retention and was gender balanced and ethnically diverse. Analyses focused on ages 21, 27, and 30. SDM constructs were assessed with self-reports of past-year behavior and combined multiple life domains. AUD symptoms corresponding to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Positive functioning combined measures of constructive engagement in work and school, civic engagement, physical exercise, and lack of depressive symptoms. The study found that AUD symptoms were moderately stable from age 21 to 30; however, developmental pathways hypothesized by the SDM at age 27 played a significant role in partially mediating this association. Alcohol-specific factors were key mediating mechanisms, whereas prosocial factors played little role. Conversely, prosocial factors had an important role in predicting positive functioning at age 30, whereas there were no significant pathways involving alcohol-specific factors. Findings suggest that age 27 is not too late for interventions targeting adult social development to help diminish alcohol use disorder symptoms by age 30. Alcohol-specific factors such as reducing perceived opportunities or rewards for heavy alcohol use or challenging beliefs accepting of drunkenness are likely to be key ingredients of effective adult interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Karl G Hill
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Jungeun Olivia Lee
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Meredith C Meacham
- Division of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Washington
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
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37
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Ross GW, Petrovitch H, Abbott RD. Serum vitamin D and risk of Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2016; 31:993-35. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Webster Ross
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System; Honolulu Hawaii USA
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute; Honolulu Hawaii USA
- Department of Medicine; University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine; Honolulu Hawaii USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Helen Petrovitch
- Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System; Honolulu Hawaii USA
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute; Honolulu Hawaii USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine; Honolulu Hawaii USA
| | - Robert D. Abbott
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute; Honolulu Hawaii USA
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; University of Hawaii John A. Burns School of Medicine; Honolulu Hawaii USA
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia; Shiga University of Medical Science; Otsu Shiga Japan
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38
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Zaid M, Miura K, Fujiyoshi A, Abbott RD, Hisamatsu T, Kadota A, Arima H, Kadowaki S, Torii S, Miyagawa N, Suzuki S, Takashima N, Ohkubo T, Sekikawa A, Maegawa H, Horie M, Nakamura Y, Okamura T, Ueshima H. Associations of serum LDL particle concentration with carotid intima-media thickness and coronary artery calcification. J Clin Lipidol 2016; 10:1195-1202.e1. [PMID: 27678437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2015.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-density lipoprotein particle (LDL-P) has recently been found to be a stronger predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C). OBJECTIVES Whether LDL-P is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis, independent of LDL-C, as well as other lipid measures has not been fully examined. We aimed to analyze LDL-P associations with measures of subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS We examined 870 Japanese men randomly selected from Kusatsu City, Shiga, Japan, aged 40-79 years from 2006-2008, free of clinical CVD and not using lipid-lowering medication. Cross-sectional associations of lipid measures with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and coronary artery calcification (CAC; >0 Agatston score) were examined. RESULTS LDL-P was significantly positively associated with cIMT and maintained this association after adjustments for LDL-C and other lipid measures. Although these lipid measures were positively associated with cIMT, model adjustment for LDL-P removed any significant relationships. Higher LDL-P was associated with a significantly higher odds ratio of CAC and further adjustment for LDL-C did not affect this relationship. In contrast, the LDL-C association with CAC was no longer significant after adjustment for LDL-P. Other lipid measures attenuated associations of LDL-P with CAC. Likewise, associations of these measures with CAC were attenuated when model adjustments for LDL-P were made. CONCLUSIONS In a community-based sample of Japanese men, free of clinical CVD, LDL-P was a robust marker for subclinical atherosclerosis, independent of LDL-C and other lipid measures. Associations of LDL-C and other lipid measures with either cIMT or CAC were generally not independent of LDL-P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zaid
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takashi Hisamatsu
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hisatomi Arima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kadowaki
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Sayuki Torii
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Sentaro Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Takashima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Sekikawa
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Minoru Horie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu City, Shiga, Japan
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan; Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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Richards T, Abbott RD, Berninger VW. Relationships between Presence or Absence of ADHD and fMRI Connectivity Writing Tasks in Children with Dysgraphia. J Nat Sci 2016; 2:e270. [PMID: 28035334 PMCID: PMC5189981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between presence or absence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in persisting developmental dysgraphia (impaired handwriting) and brain connectivity during writing tasks was investigated. Thirteen participants (6 males, 1 female with ADHD; 4 males, 2 females without ADHD) in upper elementary or middle school grades performed four fMRI writing tasks-two cognitive (mind wandering and planning to compose) and two transcription (handwriting and spelling). Presence or absence of ADHD was correlated with brain connectivity on all four fMRI writing tasks during scanning, rather than just on the fMRI handwriting task as predicted based on prior research. However, the nature of the fMRI functional connectivity (from which of four seeds with which of eight brain regions) for the four fMRI writing tasks varied as a function of presence or absence of ADHD. The significance of these findings is discussed for both understanding the invisible biological bases of co-occurring ADHD and persisting developmental dysgraphia and teaching students with developmental dysgraphia and co-occurring ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Richards
- Radiology and Integrated Brain Imaging Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert D. Abbott
- Quantitative Studies and Measurement, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Niedo J, Tanimoto S, Thompson RH, Abbott RD, Berninger VW. Computerized Instruction in Translation Strategies for Students in Upper Elementary and Middle School Grades With Persisting Learning Disabilities in Written Language. Learn Disabil (Pittsbg) 2016; 21:14-30. [PMID: 28670103 PMCID: PMC5489131 DOI: 10.18666/ldmj-2016-v21-i2-7751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Students in grades 5 to 9 (ages 10 to 14; 6 girls, 27 boys) who had persisting specific learning disabilities in transcription (handwriting and spelling) completed three kinds of composition tasks requiring translation (thought to written language) on iPads using alternating transcription modes (stylus or keyboard) across every three lessons: personal narratives (6 lessons) and written summaries about read source material (integrated reading-writing) and heard source material (integrated listening-writing) (12 lessons). Before composing summaries, students clicked sequentially one at a time onto translation strategies, which they read and heard through earphones, and could click on again as needed during summary writing: (a) Level I composing of the very next sentence, and (b) Level II composing of a higher-level discourse structure. ANOVAs showed that Level I strategies were used significantly more often than Level II strategies; but the main effect for transcription mode was not significant. Written summaries of read source material had more errors in main ideas and factual details than heard source materials, but not more irrelevant statements. Applications of results are discussed for using computers for writing instruction, not just accommodations, for students with persisting transcription disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Niedo
- Facilitator, University of Washington Extension Continuing Education
| | - Steve Tanimoto
- Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the University of Washington
| | - Robert H Thompson
- PhD candidate in Computer Science and Enginnering at the University of Washington
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Professor of Statistics and Measurement at the University of Washington
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Nagai M, Ohkubo T, Miura K, Fujiyoshi A, Okuda N, Hayakawa T, Yoshita K, Arai Y, Nakagawa H, Nakamura K, Miyagawa N, Takashima N, Kadota A, Murakami Y, Nakamura Y, Abbott RD, Okamura T, Okayama A, Ueshima H. Association of Total Energy Intake with 29-Year Mortality in the Japanese: NIPPON DATA80. J Atheroscler Thromb 2016; 23:339-54. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.29991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Nagai
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
- Radiation Medical Science Center for Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takayoshi Ohkubo
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Katsuyuki Miura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Akira Fujiyoshi
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Nagako Okuda
- Department of Health and Nutrition, University of Human Arts and Sciences
| | - Takehito Hayakawa
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University
| | - Yusuke Arai
- Chiba Prefectural University of Health Sciences
| | - Hideaki Nakagawa
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University
| | - Koshi Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Naoko Miyagawa
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | - Aya Kadota
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | - Yasuyuki Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Kyoto Women's University
| | - Robert D. Abbott
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Tomonori Okamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Keio University
| | | | - Hirotsugu Ueshima
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
- Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia, Shiga University of Medical Science
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Abbott RD, Ross GW, Petrovitch H, Masaki KH, Launer LJ, Nelson JS, White LR, Tanner CM. Midlife milk consumption and substantia nigra neuron density at death. Neurology 2015; 86:512-9. [PMID: 26658906 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000002254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between midlife milk intake and Parkinson disease (PD) incidence through associations with substantia nigra (SN) neuron density and organochlorine pesticide exposure in decedent brains from the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study. METHODS Milk intake data were collected from 1965 to 1968 in 449 men aged 45-68 years with postmortem examinations from 1992 to 2004. Neuron density (count/mm(2)) was measured in quadrants from a transverse section of the SN. Additional measures included brain residues of heptachlor epoxide, an organochlorine pesticide found at excessively high levels in the milk supply in Hawaii in the early 1980s. RESULTS Neuron density was lowest in nonsmoking decedents who consumed high amounts of milk (>16 oz/d). After removing cases of PD and dementia with Lewy bodies, adjusted neuron density in all but the dorsomedial quadrant was 41.5% lower for milk intake >16 oz/d vs intake that was less (95% confidence interval 22.7%-55.7%, p < 0.001). Among those who drank the most milk, residues of heptachlor epoxide were found in 9 of 10 brains as compared to 63.4% (26/41) for those who consumed no milk (p = 0.017). For those who were ever smokers, an association between milk intake and neuron density was absent. CONCLUSIONS Milk intake is associated with SN neuron loss in decedent brains unaffected by PD. Whether contamination of milk with organochlorine pesticides has a role in SN neurodegeneration warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Abbott
- From the Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia (R.D.A.), Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., J.S.N., L.R.W.), Honolulu; the Department of Medicine (G.W.R.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., K.H.M.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., H.P., L.R.W.), Honolulu; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California, San Francisco.
| | - G Webster Ross
- From the Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia (R.D.A.), Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., J.S.N., L.R.W.), Honolulu; the Department of Medicine (G.W.R.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., K.H.M.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., H.P., L.R.W.), Honolulu; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Helen Petrovitch
- From the Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia (R.D.A.), Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., J.S.N., L.R.W.), Honolulu; the Department of Medicine (G.W.R.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., K.H.M.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., H.P., L.R.W.), Honolulu; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kamal H Masaki
- From the Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia (R.D.A.), Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., J.S.N., L.R.W.), Honolulu; the Department of Medicine (G.W.R.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., K.H.M.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., H.P., L.R.W.), Honolulu; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lenore J Launer
- From the Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia (R.D.A.), Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., J.S.N., L.R.W.), Honolulu; the Department of Medicine (G.W.R.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., K.H.M.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., H.P., L.R.W.), Honolulu; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - James S Nelson
- From the Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia (R.D.A.), Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., J.S.N., L.R.W.), Honolulu; the Department of Medicine (G.W.R.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., K.H.M.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., H.P., L.R.W.), Honolulu; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Lon R White
- From the Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia (R.D.A.), Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., J.S.N., L.R.W.), Honolulu; the Department of Medicine (G.W.R.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., K.H.M.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., H.P., L.R.W.), Honolulu; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California, San Francisco
| | - Caroline M Tanner
- From the Center for Epidemiologic Research in Asia (R.D.A.), Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; the Pacific Health Research and Education Institute (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., J.S.N., L.R.W.), Honolulu; the Department of Medicine (G.W.R.) and the John A. Hartford Foundation Center of Excellence in Geriatrics, Department of Geriatric Medicine (R.D.A., G.W.R., H.P., K.H.M.), John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu; the Veterans Affairs Pacific Islands Health Care System (G.W.R., H.P., L.R.W.), Honolulu; Kuakini Medical Center (K.H.M.), Honolulu, HI; the National Institute on Aging (L.J.L.), Bethesda, MD; and the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center and the Department of Neurology (C.M.T.), University of California, San Francisco
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Oesterle S, Hawkins JD, Kuklinski MR, Fagan AA, Fleming C, Rhew IC, Brown EC, Abbott RD, Catalano RF. Effects of Communities That Care on Males' and Females' Drug Use and Delinquency 9 Years After Baseline in a Community-Randomized Trial. Am J Community Psychol 2015; 56:217-228. [PMID: 26377418 PMCID: PMC4790110 DOI: 10.1007/s10464-015-9749-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study tested sustained effects of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system on health-risking behaviors 9 years after baseline in a community-randomized trial involving 24 towns in seven states. Earlier analyses found sustained effects on abstinence from drug use and delinquency through Grade 12 in a panel of fifth graders. At age 19, 91 % (n = 3986) of the living panel completed the survey. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. The prevalence of lifetime and current substance use and delinquency were the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included substance use disorders, major depression, suicidality, educational attainment, and sexual risk behaviors. CTC had a significant overall effect across lifetime measures of the primary outcomes for males, but not for females or the full sample, although lifetime abstinence from delinquency in the full sample was significantly higher in CTC communities (ARR = 1.16). Males in CTC communities also continued to show greater lifetime abstinence from cigarette smoking (ARR = 1.22). CTC did not have a sustained effect on current substance use and delinquency nor did it improve the secondary outcomes at age 19 for either gender. Communities using CTC may need to extend their prevention planning to include the high school years to sustain effects on drug use and delinquency beyond high school for both genders. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01088542.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Oesterle
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - Margaret R Kuklinski
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - Abigail A Fagan
- Department of Sociology, Criminology and Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Christopher Fleming
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - Isaac C Rhew
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Eric C Brown
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Educational Psychology, College of Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
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44
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Tanimoto S, Thompson R, Berninger VW, Nagy W, Abbott RD. Computerized Writing and Reading Instruction for Students in Grades 4 to 9 With Specific Learning Disabilities Affecting Written Language. J Comput Assist Learn 2015; 31:671-689. [PMID: 26858470 PMCID: PMC4743045 DOI: 10.1111/jcal.12110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Computer scientists and educational researchers evaluated effectiveness of computerized instruction tailored to evidence-based impairments in specific learning disabilities (SLDs) in students in grades 4 to 9 with persisting SLDs despite prior extra help. Following comprehensive, evidence-based differential diagnosis for dysgraphia (impaired handwriting), dyslexia (impaired word reading and spelling), and oral and written language learning disability (OWL LD), students completed 18 sessions of computerized instruction over about 3 months. The 11 students taught letter formation with sequential, numbered, colored arrow cues with full contours who wrote letters on lines added to iPAD screen showed more and stronger treatment effects than the 21 students taught using only visual motion cues for letter formation who wrote on an unlined computer monitor. Teaching to all levels of language in multiple functional language systems (by ear, eye, mouth, and hand) close in time resulted in significant gains in reading and writing skills for the group and in diagnosed SLD hallmark impairments for individuals; also, performance on computerized learning activities correlated with treatment gains. Results are discussed in reference to need for both accommodations and explicit instruction for persisting SLDs and the potential for computers to teach handwriting, morphophonemic orthographies, comprehension, and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tanimoto
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington
| | - Rob Thompson
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington
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45
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Brown EC, Hawkins JD, Rhew IC, Shapiro VB, Abbott RD, Oesterle S, Arthur MW, Briney JS, Catalano RF. Prevention system mediation of communities that care effects on youth outcomes. Prev Sci 2015; 15:623-32. [PMID: 23828448 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-013-0413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether the significant intervention effects of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention system on youth problem behaviors observed in a panel of eighth-grade students (Hawkins et al. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 163:789-798 2009) were mediated by community-level prevention system constructs posited in the CTC theory of change. Potential prevention system constructs included the community's degree of (a) adoption of a science-based approach to prevention, (b) collaboration on prevention activities, (c) support for prevention, and (d) norms against adolescent drug use as reported by key community leaders in 24 communities. Higher levels of community adoption of a science-based approach to prevention and support for prevention in 2004 predicted significantly lower levels of youth problem behaviors in 2007, and higher levels of community norms against adolescent drug use predicted lower levels of youth drug use in 2007. Effects of the CTC intervention on youth problem behaviors by the end of eighth grade were mediated fully by community adoption of a science-based approach to prevention. No other significant mediated effects were found. Results support CTC's theory of change that encourages communities to adopt a science-based approach to prevention as a primary mechanism for improving youth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Brown
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA,
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46
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Berninger VW, Richards T, Abbott RD. Differential Diagnosis of Dysgraphia, Dyslexia, and OWL LD: Behavioral and Neuroimaging Evidence. Read Writ 2015; 28:1119-1153. [PMID: 26336330 PMCID: PMC4553247 DOI: 10.1007/s11145-015-9565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In Study 1, children in grades 4 to 9 (N= 88, 29 females and 59 males) with persisting reading and/or writing disabilities, despite considerable prior specialized instruction in and out of school, were given an evidence-based comprehensive assessment battery at the university while parents completed questionnaires regarding past and current history of language learning and other difficulties. Profiles (patterns) of normed measures for different levels of oral and written language used to categorize participants into diagnostic groups for dysgraphia (impaired subword handwriting) (n=26), dyslexia (impaired word spelling and reading) (n=38), or oral and written language learning disability OWL LD (impaired oral and written syntax comprehension and expression) (n=13) or control oral and written language learners (OWLs) without SLDs (n=11) were consistent withreported history. Impairments in working memory components supporting language learning were also examined. In Study 2, right handed children from Study 1 who did not wear braces (controls, n=9, dysgraphia, n= 14; dyslexia, n=17, OWL LD, n=5) completed an fMRI functional connectivity brain imaging study in which they performed a word-specific spelling judgment task, which is related to both word reading and spelling, and may be impaired in dysgraphia, dyslexia, and OWL LD for different reasons. fMRI functional connectivity from 4 seed points in brain locations involved in written word processing to other brain regions also differentiated dysgraphia, dyslexia, and OWL LD; both specific regions to which connected and overall number of functional connections differed. Thus, results provide converging neurological and behavioral evidence, for dysgraphia, dyslexia, and OWL LD being different, diagnosable specific learning disabilities (SLDs) for persisting written language problems during middle childhood and early adolescence. Translation of the research findings into practice at policy and administrative levels and at local school levels is discussed.
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47
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Epstein M, Hill KG, Nevell AM, Guttmannova K, Bailey JA, Abbott RD, Kosterman R, Hawkins JD. Trajectories of marijuana use from adolescence into adulthood: Environmental and individual correlates. Dev Psychol 2015; 51:1650-63. [PMID: 26389603 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to identify trajectories of marijuana use in the Seattle Social Development Project (n = 808) sample from age 14 through 30, and to examine the extent to which individuals in these trajectories differed in their substance use problems, mental health, problem behavior, economic outcomes, and positive functioning at age 33. In addition, analyses examined between-trajectory differences in family, peer, school, neighborhood, individual, mental health, and substance use factors at key developmental points in adolescence and adulthood. Four trajectories of marijuana use were identified: nonusers (27%), adolescent-limited (21%), late-onset (20%), and chronic (32%) users. At age 33, the chronic trajectory was associated with the worst functioning overall. The late-onset group reported more substance use and sexual risk behavior than nonusers, but was otherwise not differentiated. The adolescent-limited group reported significantly lower educational and economic outcomes at age 33 than the late-onset and nonuser groups. In analyses at earlier ages, adolescent-limited and late-onset groups reported more problems in functioning during the period of escalation in use and improvement in functioning with the beginning of desistance. Implications for prevention are discussed, particularly the unique risks associated with early adolescent versus later onset of marijuana use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Karl G Hill
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Alyssa M Nevell
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Katarina Guttmannova
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Jennifer A Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - Rick Kosterman
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington
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48
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Torii S, Arima H, Ohkubo T, Fujiyoshi A, Kadota A, Takashima N, Kadowaki S, Hisamatsu T, Saito Y, Miyagawa N, Zaid M, Murakami Y, Abbott RD, Horie M, Miura K, Ueshima H. Association between Pulse Wave Velocity and Coronary Artery Calcification in Japanese men. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:1266-77. [PMID: 26269003 DOI: 10.5551/jat.30247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a simple and valid clinical method for assessing arterial stiffness. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is an intermediate stage in the process leading to overt cardiovascular disease (CVD) and an established determinant of coronary artery disease. This study aimed to examine the association between PWV and CAC in a population-based sample of Japanese men. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of 986 randomly selected men aged 40-79 years from Shiga, Japan. CVD-free participants were examined from 2006 to 2008. Brachial-ankle PWV (baPWV) was measured using an automatic waveform analyzer. CAC was assessed using computed tomography. Agatston scores ≥ 10 were defined as the presence of CAC. RESULTS Prevalence of CAC progressively increased with rising levels of baPWV: 20.6%, 41.7%, 56.3%, and 66.7% across baPWV quartiles < 1378, 1378-1563, 1564-1849, and > 1849 cm/s (P < 0.001 for trend). Associations remained significant after adjusting for age and other factors, including body mass index, systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, drinking, smoking and exercise status, and the use of medication to treat hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes (P=0.042 for trend). The optimal cutoff level of baPWV to detect CAC was 1612 cm/s using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS Arterial stiffness as defined by an elevated baPWV is associated with an increased prevalence of CAC in a general population-based setting among Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuki Torii
- Department of Public Health, Shiga University of Medical Science
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Oesterle S, Hawkins JD, Fagan AA, Abbott RD, Catalano RF. Variation in the sustained effects of the communities that care prevention system on adolescent smoking, delinquency, and violence. Prev Sci 2015; 15:138-145. [PMID: 23412948 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-013-0365-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Communities That Care (CTC) is a universal, science-based community prevention system designed to reduce risk, enhance protection, and prevent adolescent health and behavior problems community wide. CTC has been found to have sustained effects on cigarette use and delinquent and violent behaviors in grade 10 in a panel of 4,407 students followed from fifth grade in a community randomized trial. It is important to test variation in the effects of this prevention system designed to be universal to understand for whom it is most effective and whether it fails to produce change or leads to iatrogenic effects for certain categories of individuals. The present study examined variation in the sustained effects of CTC on tenth-grade cigarette use and delinquent and violent behaviors. Interaction analyses suggest that the effect of CTC did not differ between those who had high levels of community-targeted risk factors at baseline or had already engaged in substance use, delinquency, or violence at baseline versus those who had not. Although CTC reduced the prevalence of both girls' and boys' problem behaviors, the effect on delinquency was marginally (p = 0.08) larger for boys than for girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Oesterle
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA.
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Abigail A Fagan
- College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Robert D Abbott
- College of Education, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
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50
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Arthur MW, Brown EC, Briney JS, Hawkins JD, Abbott RD, Catalano RF, Becker L, Langer M, Mueller MT. Examination of Substance Use, Risk Factors, and Protective Factors on Student Academic Test Score Performance. J Sch Health 2015; 85:497-507. [PMID: 26149305 PMCID: PMC4797630 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School administrators and teachers face difficult decisions about how best to use school resources to meet academic achievement goals. Many are hesitant to adopt prevention curricula that are not focused directly on academic achievement. Yet, some have hypothesized that prevention curricula can remove barriers to learning and, thus, promote achievement. We examined relationships among school levels of student substance use and risk and protective factors that predict adolescent problem behaviors and achievement test performance. METHODS Hierarchical generalized linear models were used to predict associations involving school-averaged levels of substance use and risk and protective factors and students' likelihood of meeting achievement test standards on the Washington Assessment of Student Learning, statistically controlling for demographic and economic factors known to be associated with achievement. RESULTS Levels of substance use and risk/protective factors predicted the academic test score performance of students. Many of these effects remained significant even after controlling for model covariates. CONCLUSIONS Implementing prevention programs that target empirically identified risk and protective factors has the potential to have a favorable effect on students' academic achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Arthur
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115.
| | - Eric C Brown
- Division of Prevention Science and Community Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, 1120 NW 14th Street, Suite 1014, Miami, FL 33136.
| | - John S Briney
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115.
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115.
| | - Robert D Abbott
- Educational Psychology, University of Washington, PO Box 353600, Seattle, WA 98195-353600.
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Avenue NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98115.
| | - Linda Becker
- Division of Alcohol and Substance Abuse, Washington State Department of Social and Health Services, MS 45330, Olympia, WA 98504-5330.
| | - Michael Langer
- Office of Behavioral Health and Prevention, Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery, Washington State Department of Social and Health Services, MS 45330, Olympia, WA 98504-5330.
| | - Martin T Mueller
- Health Systems Quality Assurance, Washington State Department of Health, Office of the Assistant Secretary, PO Box 47850, Olympia, WA 98504-7850.
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