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Vigna-Taglianti FD, Martorana M, Viola E, Renna M, Vadrucci S, Sciutto A, Andrà C, Mehanović E, Ginechesi M, Vullo C, Ceccano A, Casella P, Faggiano F. Evaluation of Effectiveness of the Unplugged Program on Gambling Behaviours among Adolescents: Study Protocol of the Experimental Controlled Study "GAPUnplugged". JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2024; 45:405-429. [PMID: 38416313 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-024-00772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Gambling risk behaviour is an emerging problem among adolescents. "Unplugged" is an effective Social Influence curriculum for preventing substance use among students. This study aims to develop and test a new component focused on gambling added to the Unplugged program. Schools of Piedmont region and Rome city were invited to participate in the study. A self-completed anonymous questionnaire including questions on socio-demographic characteristics, addictive behaviours, beliefs, attitudes and risk perceptions about gambling, normative perceptions, parental practices, school climate, refusal skills, impulsiveness, self-esteem, antisocial behaviours and sensation seeking was prepared for baseline and follow-up surveys. The protocol of the study was submitted and approved by the Novara Ethical Committee and registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05630157, Protocol ID: 080.742, 11/17/2022). Twenty-nine schools accepted to participate in the study. Sixty-three classes (1325 students) satisfied the eligibility criteria for intervention and were allocated to the intervention arm, and the other 61 (1269 students) were allocated to the control arm. Because of drop-out, absentees, refusals, and invalid questionnaires, data on 1874 students (998 in the intervention and 876 in the control arm), were available for the analysis at baseline. Data management of follow-up questionnaires is in progress. Results of the present study will be useful to clarify the effectiveness of prevention interventions in reducing gambling behaviours among adolescents. Moreover, this will be the first experience of evaluating a new component focused on a different risk behaviour, added to a curriculum previously shown as effective on other risk behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica D Vigna-Taglianti
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Marco Martorana
- Epidemiology Unit, ASL Vercelli, Vercelli, Italy
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, Vercelli, Italy
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science, and Applications "Giuseppe Parenti" (DiSIA), University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Erica Viola
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Mariaelisa Renna
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Vadrucci
- Department of Prevention, Hygiene and Public Health Unit, ASL Città di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alberto Sciutto
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Chiara Andrà
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Emina Mehanović
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Maria Ginechesi
- Department of Mental Health, Addiction Unit, ASL Roma1, Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Vullo
- Department of Mental Health, Addiction Unit, ASL Roma1, Roma, Italy
| | - Adalgisa Ceccano
- Department of Mental Health, Addiction Unit, ASL Roma1, Roma, Italy
| | - Pietro Casella
- Department of Mental Health, Addiction Unit, ASL Roma1, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Faggiano
- Epidemiology Unit, ASL Vercelli, Vercelli, Italy
- Department of Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, Vercelli, Italy
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Monreal-Bartolomé A, Barceló-Soler A, García-Campayo J, Bartolomé-Moreno C, Cortés-Montávez P, Acon E, Huertes M, Lacasa V, Crespo S, Lloret-Irles D, Sordo L, Clotas Bote C, Puigcorbé S, López-Del-Hoyo Y. Preventive Gambling Programs for Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4691. [PMID: 36981602 PMCID: PMC10048743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Gambling disorder in youth is an emerging public health problem, with adolescents and young adults constituting a vulnerable age group for the development of gambling-related problems. Although research has been conducted on the risk factors for gambling disorder, very few rigorous studies can be found on the efficacy of preventive interventions in young people. The aim of this study was to provide best practice recommendations for the prevention of disordered gambling in adolescents and young adults. We reviewed and synthesized the results of existing RCTs and quasi-experimental studies covering nonpharmacological prevention programs for gambling disorder in young adults and adolescents. We applied the PRISMA 2020 statement and guidelines to identify 1483 studies, of which 32 were included in the systematic review. All studies targeted the educational setting, i.e., high school and university students. Most studies followed a universal prevention strategy, that particularly targeted adolescents, and an indicated prevention strategy for university students. The reviewed gambling prevention programs generally showed good results in terms of reducing the frequency and severity of gambling, and also regarding cognitive variables, such as misconceptions, fallacies, knowledge, and attitudes towards gambling. Finally, we highlight the need to develop more comprehensive prevention programs that incorporate rigorous methodological and assessment procedures before they are widely implemented and disseminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Monreal-Bartolomé
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion Research Network (RICAPPS), 50015 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alberto Barceló-Soler
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Healthcare Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier García-Campayo
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion Research Network (RICAPPS), 50015 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Miguel Servet, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cruz Bartolomé-Moreno
- Primary Care Teaching Unit for Zaragoza Healthcare District 1, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paula Cortés-Montávez
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Acon
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Huertes
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Víctor Lacasa
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sofía Crespo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Daniel Lloret-Irles
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Luis Sordo
- Department of Public Health and Maternal and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Yolanda López-Del-Hoyo
- Institute of Health Research of Aragon (IIS Aragón), Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Chronicity, Primary Care, and Health Promotion Research Network (RICAPPS), 50015 Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Parental gambling frequency and adolescent gambling: A cross-sectional path model involving adolescents and parents. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280996. [PMID: 36780466 PMCID: PMC9925005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, most of the research studies in the field of adolescent gambling are focused on individual factors related to problem gambling. The aim of this study was to test an integrated model to explain adolescent problem gambling involving both individual (i.e., correct gambling knowledge, superstitious thinking, and gambling-related cognitive distortions) and environmental factors (i.e., parental gambling frequency). In detail, the aim was to better understand the role of parental gambling behavior on adolescents' gambling frequency and problem gambling severity, to draw indications for prevention. METHODS Participants were 680 parents (36% men; Mage = 48.32, SD = 6.14 years) of 680 high school students (51% boys; Mage = 15.51, SD = .55 years) attending the second year of different high schools in Tuscany (Italy). Data collection occurred within the school prevention program PRIZE (Prevention of gambling risk among adolescents). RESULTS A path model showed was conducted to detect direct and indirect effects from individual and environmental factors to gambling problem severity. Analyses showed that correct gambling knowledge and superstitious thinking were directly related-respectively in a negative and a positive direction-both to gambling-related cognitive distortions and adolescents' gambling frequency. Parental gambling frequency was directly associated with adolescents' gambling frequency. Correct gambling knowledge and superstitious thinking were indirectly related to adolescents' gambling problem severity through the mediational role of gambling-related cognitive distortions and gambling frequency. Parental gambling frequency was indirectly linked to gambling problem severity by passing through adolescents' gambling frequency. CONCLUSIONS The current cross-sectional results confirm that parental gambling behavior has an important role for adolescents' gambling behavior and severity. Thus, results highlight the need for innovative prevention programs which involve adolescents' adult reference figures and integrate the individual risk and protective factors with the environmental ones.
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Saratchandra M, Shrestha A, Murray PA. Building knowledge ambidexterity using cloud computing: Longitudinal case studies of SMEs experiences. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2022.102551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Systematic Review: Preventive Intervention to Curb the Youth Online Gambling Problem. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14116402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review focuses on all the gambling addiction prevention programs carried out in schools, with the intention of making their effectiveness known and encouraging the creation of more such programs. During the third quarter of 2021, an exhaustive search was conducted using the databases of Scopus, Medline (via Pubmed), WOS, and PsycINFO. The search strategy was based on a combination of specific search terms: “Gambling Disorder [Mesh]”, “Online Gambling Disorder [Mesh]”, and “Prevention Programs [Mesh]”. A total of 15 articles were chosen for systematic review. All the programs analyzed show effective results, although there are several methodological shortcomings in the way they are conducted. Effective programs need to focus more on long-term results and the emotional aspects of gambling. We need professionals who can convey the causal nature of the problem the youth are facing.
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St Quinton T, Morris B, Pickering D, Smith DM. Behavior Change Techniques and Delivery Modes in Interventions Targeting Adolescent Gambling: A Systematic Review. J Gambl Stud 2022; 38:1503-1528. [PMID: 35239076 PMCID: PMC8891739 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent gambling can lead to significant harms, yet participation rates continue to rise. Interventions targeting gambling reduction have been implemented in this population. However, it is not clear which behavior change techniques (BCTs) and modes of delivery (MOD) are most effective at reducing gambling. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to identify 'promising' BCTs and MODs by systematically reviewing interventions targeting adolescent gambling behavior. 'Promising' was defined as those present in at least 25% of all interventions and in at least two effective interventions. METHODS Three databases were searched (PsycINFO, Medline, and Scopus) from database inception to May 2021. Interventions were eligible if they were randomized controlled trials; targeting adolescents (aged 10-25 years); and assessing gambling behavior post-intervention. BCTs were identified using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy v1. RESULTS From the initial 3,315 studies, the removal of duplicates and ineligible articles resulted in sixteen studies included in the review. Eleven of these reported successfully reducing gambling behavior. Eighteen BCTs and six MODs were used across the interventions. The BCTs identified as promising were '4.2. Information about antecedents', '4.4. Behavioral experiments', '5.3. Information about social and environmental consequences', and '5.6. Information about emotional consequences'. Promising MODs were 'face-to-face', 'computer', and 'playable electronic storage'. CONCLUSIONS The study reviewed the content of interventions targeting adolescent gambling behavior. Four BCTs were identified as promising and should therefore be adopted in future interventions. To facilitate the delivery of these techniques, the study also identified three promising MODs. Interventions developed using these BCTs and MODs may successfully reduce adolescent gambling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom St Quinton
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Brownberrie Lane, LS18 5HD, Leeds, UK.
| | - Ben Morris
- School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Brownberrie Lane, LS18 5HD, Leeds, UK
| | - Dylan Pickering
- Gambling Treatment and Research Clinic, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Debbie M Smith
- Manchester Centre for Health Psychology, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Dodig Hundric D, Mandic S, Ricijas N. Short-Term Effectiveness of the Youth Gambling Prevention Program "Who Really Wins?"-Results from the First National Implementation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10100. [PMID: 34639404 PMCID: PMC8507822 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As a response to significant adolescent gambling involvement, a Croatian team of researchers and practitioners developed a universal, comprehensive, evidence-based youth gambling prevention program called "Who Really Wins?". This study presents the results on its short-term effectiveness following the first national implementation in 18 Croatian cities, with a total of 629 high school students (66.5% male) who completed the program. A design with two measurement sessions (pre-test and post-test) was used to explore the short-term effects of the program on gambling-related knowledge and cognition, frequency of gambling, and various socio-emotional skills. The results showed significant effects when it comes to knowledge, cognitive distortions, and the frequency of sports betting and playing lottery games. Furthermore, the program had no harmful effects on any of the measured variables. The results are interpreted in terms of methodological challenges in measuring effects, possible improvements of the program, and implications for future evaluation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Dodig Hundric
- Department of Behavioral Disorders, Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Zagreb, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.M.); (N.R.)
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Velasco V, Celata C, Griffin KW. Multiple Health Behavior Programs in School Settings: Strategies to Promote Transfer-of-Learning Through Life Skills Education. Front Public Health 2021; 9:716399. [PMID: 34504829 PMCID: PMC8421726 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.716399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Typically, schools implement health promotion programs that focus on a single behavioral domain. Multiple related health topics may be addressed using separate interventions, potentially producing overlap in program content. However, integrative approaches in health promotion have the potential to produce interventions capable of improving multiple health behaviors. In particular, more research is needed to identify the conditions and the factors that can promote the transfer of learning to broaden the target outcomes of health promotion programs. The present study aims to identify the characteristics of an evidence-based life skills education program that can facilitate the transfer of learning to different health behaviors not initially targeted by the program, and the strategies for achieving successful transfer. A two round Delphi method was used with a diverse group of 21 experts in health promotion, life skills education, and methods of pedagogy for early adolescent students. Questionnaires with open and closed-ended questions were administered on-line. Content qualitative analysis was run, integrating codes, subcategories, and categories of the two rounds of the study. Results showed strong consensus among experts about the potential for promoting the transfer of skills from one health domain to another. Many elements were identified as important factors that facilitate the transfer of learning. Strategies for successful transfer were related to teaching methods, educational approaches, and consistency with the broader school curriculum. Findings suggest that the successful transfer of learning to a new health domain requires that educators recognize its importance and explicitly designate it as an educational aim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Velasco
- Psychology Department, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Corrado Celata
- Health Promotion Division, Specific Prevention Unit, Agenzia di Tutela della Salute (ATS) Milano Città Metropolitana, Milan, Italy
| | - Kenneth W. Griffin
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States
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