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Beeghly M. Toward a multi-level approach to the study of the intergenerational transmission of trauma: Current findings and future directions. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38516836 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
A central goal in the field of developmental psychopathology is to evaluate the complex, dynamic transactions occurring among biological, psychological, and broader social-cultural contexts that predict adaptive and maladaptive outcomes across ontogeny. Here, I briefly review research on the effects of a history of childhood maltreatment on parental, child, and dyadic functioning, along with more recent studies on the intergenerational transmission of trauma. Because the experience and sequelae of child maltreatment and the intergenerational transmission of trauma are embedded in complex biopsychosocial contexts, this research is best conceptualized in a developmental psychopathology framework. Moreover, there is a pressing need for investigators in this area of study to adopt dynamic, multi-level perspectives as well as using developmentally guided, sophisticated research methods. Other directions for research in this field are suggested, including the implementation of collaborative interdisciplinary team science approaches, as well as community-based participatory research, to increase representation, inclusion, and equity of community stakeholders. A greater focus on cultural and global perspectives is also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Beeghly
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
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Airikka A, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Tuovinen S, Heinonen K, Lahti J, Girchenko P, Lähdepuro A, Pyhälä R, Czamara D, Villa P, Laivuori H, Kajantie E, Binder EB, Räikkönen K. Maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment and mental and behavioral disorders in children. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2023; 32:2463-2475. [PMID: 36181574 PMCID: PMC10682113 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to maltreatment in childhood is associated with lifelong risk of mental and behavioral disorders. Whether the effects extend to the next generation remains unclear. We examined whether maternal exposure to childhood abuse and neglect in her own childhood were associated with mental and behavioral disorders and psychiatric symptoms in her children, and whether maternal lifetime mental and behavioral disorders or lower education level mediated or added to the effects. Mothers (n = 2252) of the Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction cohort study completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and reported on their education and their 7.0-12.1-year-old children's psychiatric symptoms using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. We identified lifetime mental and behavioral disorder diagnoses for the mothers and diagnoses for their children from birth (2006-2010) until 8.4-12.8 years (12/31/2018) from Care Register for Health Care. We found that maternal exposure to childhood abuse, but not neglect, was associated with higher hazards of mental and behavioral disorders (hazard ratio 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.37) in children. These associations were partially mediated by maternal mental and behavioral disorders and education (proportion of effect size mediated: 23.8% and 15.1%, respectively), which together with maternal exposure to childhood abuse added to the hazard of mental and behavioral disorders in children. Similar associations were found for maternal exposure to childhood abuse and neglect with psychiatric symptoms in children. To conclude, maternal exposure to childhood maltreatment is associated with mental and behavioral disorders and psychiatric symptoms in children. Our findings call for interventions to prevent intergenerational transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Airikka
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Soile Tuovinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Welfare Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Welfare Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Polina Girchenko
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Lähdepuro
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Pyhälä
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Pia Villa
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannele Laivuori
- Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University for Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, P.O. Box 21, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Andrews K, Khoury JE, Tiwari A, Kirupaharan S, Gonzalez A. Maternal History of Child Maltreatment and Household Chaos: Examining the Mediating Role of Maternal and Child Psychopathology. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023; 28:221-231. [PMID: 35266834 DOI: 10.1177/10775595221081795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Caregiver history of childhood maltreatment can have pervasive effects on familial and household dynamics. Maternal history of child maltreatment (MCM) is linked to maternal depressive symptoms and offspring behavioural problems. Further, maternal and child mental health are associated with chaotic home environments. In this study, we examined the potential mediating roles of maternal depressive symptoms and child behavioural problems in the association between MCM and household chaos. A sample of 133 mother-child dyads participated in home visits during which mothers completed questionnaires measuring their history of child maltreatment, depressive symptoms, household chaos and child behaviour problems. Mothers also conducted videotaped home tours related to household chaos. Structural equation modelling results indicated that MCM was indirectly associated with higher household chaos via elevated maternal depressive symptoms and child externalizing, but not internalizing behaviour problems. Interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of MCM on maternal and child psychopathology may positively influence household dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysta Andrews
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer E Khoury
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ashwini Tiwari
- Institute of Public and Preventive Health, 1421Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, 62703McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Chen C. The relationship between parental depression and child internalizing and externalizing problems: The roles of parenting stress and child maltreatment. Front Public Health 2023; 11:962951. [PMID: 36825147 PMCID: PMC9941167 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.962951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although the relationships between parental mental health and child internalizing and externalizing problems have been explored by previous studies, the pathways between these two variables need further exploration. The present study aims to explore the relationships between parental depression and child internalizing and externalizing problems and to examine the roles of parenting stress and child maltreatment in those relationships within the Chinese cultural context. Method Data were collected from 855 Chinese families with preschool-aged children, and mediation analysis was used to examine the pathways between these variables. Results The results show that parental depression is positively associated with child internalizing and externalizing problems, and child maltreatment and the combination of parenting stress and child maltreatment mediated the relationships between parental depression and child internalizing and externalizing problems, respectively. These findings suggest that parental depression not only has a direct effect on child internalizing and externalizing problems but also has an indirect effect via parenting stress and child maltreatment. Discussion Decreasing the levels of parenting stress and child maltreatment should be applied in interventions to break the relationships between parental depression and child internalizing and externalizing problems within the Chinese cultural context.
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Ivanova MY, Achenbach TM, Turner LV. Associations of Parental Depression with Children’s Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: Meta-Analyses of Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Effects. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD & ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 51:827-849. [DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2127104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhao T, Alder NN, Starkweather AR, Chen MH, Matson AP, Xu W, Balsbaugh JL, Cong X. Associations of Mitochondrial Function, Stress, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Early Life: A Systematic Review. Dev Neurosci 2022; 44:438-454. [PMID: 35995037 PMCID: PMC9928905 DOI: 10.1159/000526491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life stress is commonly experienced by infants, especially preterm infants, and may impact their neurodevelopmental outcomes in their early and later lives. Mitochondrial function/dysfunction may play an important role underlying the linkage of prenatal and postnatal stress and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants. This review aimed to provide insights on the relationship between early life stress and neurodevelopment and the mechanisms of mitochondrial function/dysfunction that contribute to the neuropathology of stress. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used to develop this systematic review. PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Biosis databases were searched for primary research articles published between 2010 and 2021 that examined the relationships among mitochondrial function/dysfunction, infant stress, and neurodevelopment. Thirty studies were identified. There is evidence to support that mitochondrial function/dysfunction mediates the relationship between prenatal and postnatal stress and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants. Maternal transgenerational transmission of mitochondrial bioenergetic patterns influenced prenatal stress induced neurodevelopmental outcomes and behavioral changes in infants. Multiple functionally relevant mitochondrial proteins, genes, and polymorphisms were associated with stress exposure. This is the first review of the role that mitochondrial function/dysfunction plays in the association between stress and neurodevelopmental outcomes in full-term and preterm infants. Although multiple limitations were found based on the lack of data on the influence of biological sex, and due to invasive sampling, and lack of longitudinal data, many genes and proteins associated with mitochondrial function/dysfunction were found to influence neurodevelopmental outcomes in the early life of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA,
| | - Nathan N Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Adam P Matson
- Division of Neonatology, Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wanli Xu
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jeremy L Balsbaugh
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiaomei Cong
- School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Maternal trauma but not perinatal depression predicts infant-parent attachment. Arch Womens Ment Health 2022; 25:215-225. [PMID: 34734355 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-021-01192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Understanding if maternal depression is a predictor of infant-parent attachment classification is important to furthering knowledge about the early pathways and predictors of socio-emotional development. Yet few studies that have utilised the Strange Situation Procedure, the gold standard for measurement of infant-parent attachment, have examined antenatal depression as a predictor of attachment, and none has also included a measure of maternal trauma. This study uses data on 224 women recruited in early pregnancy and followed up until 12 months postpartum. Maternal depression was measured in pregnancy using the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM and repeat Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as well as Stressful Life Events scale across pregnancy and postpartum including items on domestic violence. A past history of trauma was measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Attachment was measured using the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP) at 12 months postpartum. We found that maternal depression was not associated with insecure or disorganized attachment. However, a maternal history of childhood trauma and current domestic violence both predicted insecure-avoidant attachment at 12 months, whereas increased number of stressful life events prior to conception and in pregnancy was associated with insecure-resistant attachment. Neither trauma, past or current, nor depression predicted disorganized attachment. In the first study to have included measures of antenatal depression, maternal childhood trauma, and current stressful events as predictors of infant attachment measured using the SSP, we found maternal experiences of past and current trauma but not depression were significant predictors of infant-parent attachment security.
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Garon-Bissonnette J, Bolduc MÈG, Lemieux R, Berthelot N. Cumulative childhood trauma and complex psychiatric symptoms in pregnant women and expecting men. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:10. [PMID: 34983417 PMCID: PMC8725451 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04327-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women and men having been exposed to childhood trauma would be at high risk of various mental health symptoms while awaiting a child. This study aimed to evaluate the association between cumulative childhood trauma and the accumulation of symptoms belonging to different psychiatric problems in pregnant women and expecting men. METHODS We first examined prevalence rates of childhood trauma across our samples of 2853 pregnant women and 561 expecting men from the community. Second, we evaluated the association between cumulative childhood trauma and symptom complexity (i.e., the simultaneous presentation of symptoms belonging to multiple psychiatric problems) using subsamples of 1779 pregnant women and 118 expecting men. Participants completed self-reported measures of trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and psychiatric symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-5; Kessler Psychological Distress Scale; State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2; Self and Interpersonal Functioning Scale). RESULTS Trauma was more frequent in pregnant women than in expecting men and in participants reporting sociodemographic risk factors than in those not reporting any. A dose-response relationship was observed between the number of different traumas reported by pregnant women and expecting men and the complexity of their psychiatric symptoms, even when controlling for the variance explained by other risk factors. Women having been exposed to cumulative childhood trauma were 4.95 times more at risk of presenting comorbid psychiatric problems during pregnancy than non-exposed women. CONCLUSIONS Childhood trauma is frequent in the general population of pregnant women and expecting men and is associated with symptom complexity during the antenatal period. These findings call for delivering and evaluating innovative trauma-informed antenatal programs to support mental health and adaptation to parenthood in adults having been exposed to childhood trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Garon-Bissonnette
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Québec, Canada.,CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Canada.,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Grisé Bolduc
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Québec, Canada.,Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Québec, Canada
| | - Roxanne Lemieux
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Québec, Canada.,Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Québec, Canada.,Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, PO Box 500, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Berthelot
- Centre d'études interdisciplinaires sur le développement de l'enfant et la famille, Québec, Canada. .,CERVO Brain Research Center, Québec, Canada. .,Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Québec, Canada. .,Groupe de recherche et d'intervention auprès de l'enfant vulnérable et négligé, Québec, Canada. .,Department of Nursing Sciences, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, PO Box 500, Québec, Canada.
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