1
|
Saijonkari M, Paronen E, Lakka T, Tolmunen T, Linnosmaa I, Lammintakanen J, Isotalo J, Rekola H, Mäki-Opas T. Promotive and preventive interventions for mental health and well-being in adult populations: a systematic umbrella review. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1201552. [PMID: 37719731 PMCID: PMC10501832 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1201552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mental health disorders are increasing worldwide, leading to significant personal, economic, and social consequences. Mental health promotion and prevention have been the subject of many systematic reviews. Thus, decision makers likely face the problem of going through literature to find and utilize the best available evidence. Therefore, this systematic umbrella review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for promoting mental health and mental well-being, as well as for the primary prevention of mental health disorders. Methods Literature searches were performed in APA PsycInfo, Medline, and Proquest Social Science databases from January 2000 to December 2021. The search results were screened for eligibility using pre-defined criteria. The methodological quality of the included reviews was evaluated using the AMSTAR 2 tool. The key findings of the included reviews were narratively synthesized and reported with an emphasis on reviews achieving higher methodological quality. Results Out of the 240 articles found, 16 systematic reviews and four systematic umbrella reviews were included. The methodological quality of included reviews was low or critically low. Discussion This review suggests that interventions using cognitive-behavioral therapy and those developing resilience, mindfulness, or healthy lifestyles can be effective in the promotion of mental health and well-being in adult populations. Motivational interviewing may reduce alcohol consumption in young adults. Indicated or selective prevention is likely to be cost-effective compared to universal prevention. Parenting interventions and workplace interventions may be cost-effective in terms of promoting mental health. Due to the low methodological quality of the included reviews and substantial heterogeneity among the reported results, the findings from the reviews we summarized should be interpreted with caution. There is a need for further rigorous, high-quality systematic reviews.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maija Saijonkari
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Elsa Paronen
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and Nutrition, Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Ismo Linnosmaa
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Lammintakanen
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenni Isotalo
- Department of Health and Social Management, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Rekola
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tomi Mäki-Opas
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Wellbeing Services Research Center, North Savo Wellbeing Services County, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Beller J, Epping J, Sperlich S, Tetzlaff J. Changes in disability over time among older working-age adults: Which global and specific limitations are increasing in Germany using the SHARE-data from 2004 to 2015? SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121231184012. [PMID: 37435099 PMCID: PMC10331346 DOI: 10.1177/20503121231184012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Previous studies have observed increasing limitations among the middle-aged, including those aged 40-64, raising the question how healthy work participation has changed. Helping answer this question, we ask: How have general and specific limitations changed in working and non-working adults in Germany? Methods We used population-based data of older working-age adults, aged 50-64 years old, from Germany provided by the Survey of Health Aging and Retirement (SHARE) study from 2004 to 2014 (N = 3522). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to study changes in limitations over time. Results We found that employment rates generally increased over time, whereas limitation rates mostly increased among participants aged 50-54 and mostly decreased among participants aged 60-64 in both the working and non-working population. Regarding type of disability, increases were more pronounced with movement-related and general activity-related limitations. Conclusion Therefore, if the comparatively younger more-limited cohorts age and replace the older less-limited cohorts, a larger part of the working and non-working life might be expected to be spent with limitations in the future, and it seems questionable whether further substantial increases in healthy work participation can be achieved. Further prevention efforts and assistance should be directed at current middle-aged cohorts to improve and maintain their health, including adapting current working conditions to a work force with more limitations.
Collapse
|
3
|
Paul KI, Hollederer A. The Effectiveness of Health-Oriented Interventions and Health Promotion for Unemployed People-A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6028. [PMID: 37297632 PMCID: PMC10252930 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20116028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Unemployment is known to have negative effects on mental and physical health. Yet, the effectiveness of interventions aimed at improving the health of unemployed people is unclear. Methods: We conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of extant intervention studies with at least two measurement points and a control group. A literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO in December 2021 identified 34 eligible primary studies with 36 independent samples. Results: For mental health, the average meta-analytic effect sizes for the comparison of the intervention group and the control group were significant and of small size after the intervention, d = 0.22; 95% CI [0.08, 0.36], as well as at follow-up, d = 0.11; 95% CI [0.07, 0.16]. Effects on self-assessed physical health status were small and marginally significant (p = 0.10) after the intervention: d = 0.09; 95% CI [-0.02, 0.20], and insignificant at follow-up. However, when job search training was not part of the intervention program (i.e., all available resources were used solely for health promotion), the average effect size for physical health was significant after the intervention, d = 0.17; 95% CI [0.07, 0.27]. Furthermore, the effects of physical activity promotion were significant and of small-to-medium size after the intervention, leading to increased levels of activity, d = 0.30; 95% CI [0.13, 0.47]. Conclusions: Population-based health promotion programs are recommended because even measures with small effect sizes can actually improve the health of a large group of unemployed people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Ingmar Paul
- School of Business, Economics, and Society, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90403 Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Hollederer
- Department of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Kassel, 34127 Kassel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arena AF, Mobbs S, Sanatkar S, Williams D, Collins D, Harris M, Harvey SB, Deady M. Mental health and unemployment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to improve depression and anxiety outcomes. J Affect Disord 2023; 335:450-472. [PMID: 37201898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unemployment is associated with substantially greater depression and anxiety, constituting a considerable public health concern. The current review provides the most comprehensive synthesis to date, and first meta-analysis, of controlled intervention trials aimed at improving depression and anxiety outcomes during unemployment. METHODS Searches were conducted within PsycInfo, Cochrane Central, PubMed and Embase from their inception to September 2022. Included studies conducted controlled trials of interventions focused on improving mental health within unemployed samples, and reported on validated measures of depression, anxiety, or distress (mixed depression and anxiety). Narrative syntheses and random effects meta-analyses were conducted among prevention- and treatment-level interventions for each outcome. RESULTS A total of 39 articles reporting on 33 studies were included for review (sample sizes ranging from 21 to 1801). Both prevention and treatment interventions tended to be effective overall, with treatment interventions producing larger effect sizes than prevention interventions. The clearest evidence for particular intervention approaches emerged for prevention-level Cognitive Therapy/CBT, followed by prevention-level work-related interventions, although neither produced entirely consistent effects. LIMITATIONS Risk of bias was generally high across studies. Low numbers of studies within subgroups precluded any comparisons between long-term and short-term unemployment, limited comparisons among treatment studies, and reduced the power of meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS Both prevention- and treatment-level mental health-focused interventions have merit for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression among those experiencing unemployment. Cognitive Therapy/CBT and work-related interventions hold the most robust evidence base, which can inform both prevention and treatment strategies implemented by clinicians, employment services providers, and governments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Arena
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Sophia Mobbs
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samineh Sanatkar
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Douglas Williams
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Collins
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marnie Harris
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Samuel B Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark Deady
- Black Dog Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Amenyah SD, Waters D, Tang W, Fenge LA, Murphy JL. Systematic realist synthesis of health-related and lifestyle interventions designed to decrease overweight, obesity and unemployment in adults. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2100. [PMCID: PMC9668709 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Obesity and unemployment are complex social and health issues with underlying causes that are interconnected. While a clear link has been established, there is lack of evidence on the underlying causal pathways and how health-related interventions could reduce obesity and unemployment using a holistic approach.
Objectives
The aim of this realist synthesis was to identify the common strategies used by health-related interventions to reduce obesity, overweight and unemployment and to determine for whom and under what circumstances these interventions were successful or unsuccessful and why.
Methods
A realist synthesis approach was used. Systematic literature searches were conducted in Cochrane library, Medline, SocIndex, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Scopus, and PsychInfo. The evidence from included studies were synthesised into Context-Mechanism-Outcome configurations (CMOcs) to better understand when and how programmes work, for which participants and to refine the final programme theory.
Results
A total of 83 articles met the inclusion criteria. 8 CMOcs elucidating the contexts of the health-related interventions, underlying mechanisms and outcomes were identified. Interventions that were tailored to the target population using multiple strategies, addressing different aspects of individual and external environments led to positive outcomes for reemployment and reduction of obesity.
Conclusion
This realist synthesis presents a broad array of contexts, mechanisms underlying the success of health-related interventions to reduce obesity and unemployment. It provides novel insights and key factors that influence the success of such interventions and highlights a need for participatory and holistic approaches to maximise the effectiveness of programmes designed to reduce obesity and unemployment.
Trial registration
PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020219897.
Collapse
|
6
|
McGrath M, Duncan F, Dotsikas K, Baskin C, Crosby L, Gnani S, Hunter RM, Kaner E, Kirkbride JB, Lafortune L, Lee C, Oliver E, Osborn DP, Walters KR, Dykxhoorn J. Effectiveness of community interventions for protecting and promoting the mental health of working-age adults experiencing financial uncertainty: a systematic review. J Epidemiol Community Health 2021; 75:665-673. [PMID: 33931550 PMCID: PMC8223661 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2020-215574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has created a period of global economic uncertainty. Financial strain, personal debt, recent job loss and housing insecurity are important risk factors for the mental health of working-age adults. Community interventions have the potential to attenuate the mental health impact of these stressors. We examined the effectiveness of community interventions for protecting and promoting the mental health of working-age adults in high-income countries during periods of financial insecurity. METHODS Eight electronic databases were systematically screened for experimental and observational studies published since 2000 measuring the effectiveness of community interventions on mental health outcomes. We included any non-clinical intervention that aimed to address the financial, employment, food or housing insecurity of participants. A review protocol was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42019156364) and results are reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS From 2326 studies screened, 15 met our inclusion criteria. Five categories of community intervention were identified: advice services colocated in healthcare settings; link worker social prescribing; telephone debt advice; food insecurity interventions; and active labour market programmes. In general, the evidence for effective and cost-effective community interventions delivered to individuals experiencing financial insecurity was lacking. From the small number of studies without a high risk of bias, there was some evidence that financial insecurity and associated mental health problems were amenable to change and differences by subpopulations were observed. CONCLUSION There is a need for well-controlled studies and trials to better understand effective ingredients and to identify those interventions warranting wider implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael McGrath
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Fiona Duncan
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Kate Dotsikas
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cleo Baskin
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Liam Crosby
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shamini Gnani
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rachael Maree Hunter
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eileen Kaner
- Institute of Health and Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | | | - Caroline Lee
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily Oliver
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - David P Osborn
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kate R Walters
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jennifer Dykxhoorn
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Puig-Barrachina V, Giró P, Artazcoz L, Bartoll X, Cortés-Franch I, Fernández A, González-Marín P, Borrell C. The impact of Active Labour Market Policies on health outcomes: a Scoping review. Eur J Public Health 2021; 30:36-42. [PMID: 30907412 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the last Western great recession of 2008, an increasing interest on the effects of Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) on improving health has emerged. The aim of our review is to synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of ALMPs and whether some types of ALMP are more effective. METHODS Using the Scoping review methodology, we conducted a literature review in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science and selected articles published between 1990 and 2017 in high income countries. We applied four sequential phases of document screening to the list of retrieved articles. RESULTS Of the 416 documents detected in the search, 36 documents were finally selected. Most of them focused on mental health and related components (72.2%) and found positive results at least in one outcome (80.6%). The ALMPs reported mainly attempt to build capacity through job search assistance (31.6%) with a component on mental health, showing positive results on health; some offer job training (16.7%) and few subsidized employment (8.3%), showing more controversial results, although mostly positive. The rest include a combination of different types of ALMPs. CONCLUSIONS This review shows that ALMPs have a positive impact on health and quality of life. There are relatively few studies of the impact of ALMPs on general health, and most of the studies found are focused on Anglo-Saxon and Nordic countries. The most significant knowledge gaps are the mechanisms involved in achieving this improvement, and above all the differential health impacts according to axes of inequality and welfare state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Puig-Barrachina
- Evaluation and Intervention Methods Department, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Giró
- Agència de Salut Pública de Catalunya, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucía Artazcoz
- Division of Health Promotion, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Bartoll
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Health Information Systems Service, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Imma Cortés-Franch
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Occupational Health Service, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Fernández
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Community Health Service, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia González-Marín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Health Information Systems Service, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Borrell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.,Management, Agència de Salut Pública de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Roemer A, Sutton A, Grimm C, Medvedev ON. Effectiveness of a low-dose mindfulness-based intervention for alleviating distress in young unemployed adults. Stress Health 2021; 37:320-328. [PMID: 33067919 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
While the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) with respect to distress has been widely researched, unemployed individuals, who often suffer from high levels of distress, have largely been neglected in MBI research. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a low-dose MBI on distress in a sample of young unemployed adults. The sample included 239 young unemployed adults enrolled for a 6-week long employability-related training camp. Participants were allocated into an intervention group that received weekly 1-hour mindfulness training over 4 weeks, and a control group. Dispositional mindfulness, distress and well-being were assessed in the entire sample prior to the start and upon completion of the mindfulness training. A mixed model ANCOVA showed that distress was inversely and significantly predicted by baseline levels of mindfulness and well-being. After accounting for the baseline levels of mindfulness and well-being, a significant effect of the mindfulness intervention was evident. This result shows that a low-dose MBI can decrease distress in a sample of young unemployed adults and its effectiveness is positively associated with initial levels of dispositional mindfulness and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Roemer
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Anna Sutton
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Oleg N Medvedev
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Putter I, van der Vaart L, De Witte H, Rothmann S, Van den Broeck A. Profiling the unemployed from selected communities in South Africa based on their experiences, commitment to employment, and job search behaviour. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0081246320978969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Unemployment has negative consequences for individuals’ psychological well-being. Consequently, interventions should be designed and implemented to alleviate the psychological burden of unemployment. The design of these interventions should, however, be approached with care, as ‘the unemployed’ may not be a homogeneous group. The aim of the study was to determine whether the four already identified (the optimists, the desperate, the discouraged, and the adapted) South African unemployment profiles could be replicated in other unemployed communities in South Africa. The study also aimed to examine the associations between these profiles and negative emotions and basic psychological need frustration. To establish the replicability of the types, a multiphased sampling design was followed to recruit 867 unemployed people residing in Boipatong and Orange Farm in the Gauteng Province in South Africa. Through latent profile analysis, the study replicated the four profiles: the optimists, the desperate, the discouraged, and the adapted. The profiles were differentially associated with negative emotions and psychological need frustration, further attesting to the validity of the profiles. The results of the study can be applied towards creating tailored interventions for the different types of unemployed people from South African communities to enhance the efficacy of these interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Putter
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, South Africa
| | | | - Hans De Witte
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, South Africa
- Research Unit Occupational & Organizational Psychology and Professional Learning, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Anja Van den Broeck
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, South Africa
- Department of Work and Organisation Studies, Faculty of Economics and Business, KU Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peláez-Fernández MA, Rey L, Extremera N. Pathways from emotional intelligence to well-being and health outcomes among unemployed: Mediation by health-promoting behaviours. J Health Psychol 2020; 27:879-889. [PMID: 33233967 DOI: 10.1177/1359105320974431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated whether health-promoting behaviours mediate the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and well-being and health outcomes in the unemployed population. Spanish unemployed (N = 530) completed questionnaires of EI, health-promoting lifestyles, subjective well-being and perceived health. Path-analytic results showed that EI predicted well-being and self-reported health. Health-promoting behaviours: spiritual growth, stress management and physical activity, partially mediated the link between EI and well-being and health outcomes. Findings are discussed in terms of the role that promoting health behaviours might play regarding to well-being and health outcomes after job-loss, and in developing of EI and health-promotion programmes for unemployed populations.
Collapse
|
11
|
Hult M, Lappalainen K, Saaranen TK, Räsänen K, Vanroelen C, Burdorf A. Health-improving interventions for obtaining employment in unemployed job seekers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020; 1:CD013152. [PMID: 31912888 PMCID: PMC6956407 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013152.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unemployment is associated with decreased health which may be a reason or a consequence of becoming unemployed. Decreased health can inhibit re-employment. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of health-improving interventions for obtaining employment in unemployed job seekers. SEARCH METHODS We searched (3 May 2018, updated 13 August 2019) the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SocINDEX, OSH Update, ClinicalTrials.gov, the WHO trials portal, and also reference lists of included studies and selected reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of the effectiveness of health-improving interventions for obtaining employment in unemployed job seekers. The primary outcome was re-employment reported as the number or percentage of participants who obtained employment. Our secondary outcomes were health and work ability. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two authors independently screened studies, extracted outcome data, and assessed risk of bias. We pooled study results with random-effect models and reported risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and assessed the overall quality of the evidence for each comparison using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 15 randomised controlled trials (16 interventions) with a total of 6397 unemployed participants. Eight studies evaluated therapeutic interventions such as cognitive behavioural therapy, physical exercise, and health-related advice and counselling and, in seven studies, interventions were combined using therapeutic methods and job-search training. Therapeutic interventions Therapeutic interventions compared to no intervention may increase employment at an average of 11 months follow-up but the evidence is very uncertain (RR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.87, n = 1142, 8 studies with 9 interventions, I² = 52%, very low-quality evidence). There is probably no difference in the effects of therapeutic interventions compared to no intervention on mental health (SMD 0.12, 95% CI -0.06 to 0.29, n = 530, 2 studies, low-quality evidence) and on general health (SMD 0.19, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.41, n = 318, 1 study, moderate-quality evidence). Combined interventions Combined interventions probably increase employment slightly compared to no intervention at an average of 10 months follow-up (RR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.20, n = 4101, 6 studies, I² = 7%). There were no studies that measured work-ability, adverse events, or cost-effectiveness. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Interventions combining therapeutic methods and job-search training probably have a small beneficial effect in increasing employment. Therapeutic interventions may have an effect on re-employment, but we are very uncertain. Therapeutic interventions may not improve health in unemployed job seekers. Large high-quality RCTs targeting short-term or long-term unemployed people are needed to increase the quality of the evidence. A cost-effectiveness assessment is needed of the small beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marja Hult
- University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | | | - Terhi K Saaranen
- University of Eastern FinlandDepartment of Nursing ScienceP.O.Box 1627KuopioFinland70211
| | - Kimmo Räsänen
- University of Eastern FinlandInstitute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, Occupational Health UnitPO Box 1627KuopioFinland70211
| | - Christophe Vanroelen
- Vrije Universiteit BrusselInterface Demography, Department of SociologyPleinlaan 2BrusselsBelgium1050
| | - Alex Burdorf
- Erasmus Medical CenterDepartment of Public HealthPO Box 2040RotterdamNetherlands3000 CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Health-improving interventions for obtaining employment in unemployed job seekers. Hippokratia 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|