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Panzer S, Kennedy D, Leinen P, Pfeifer C, Shea C. Bimanual coordination associated with left- and right-hand dominance: testing the limb assignment and limb dominance hypothesis. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1595-1605. [PMID: 33748885 PMCID: PMC8144160 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In an experiment conducted by Kennedy et al. (Exp Brain Res 233:181–195, 2016), dominant right-handed individuals were required to produce a rhythm of isometric forces in a 2:1 or 1:2 bimanual coordination pattern. In the 2:1 pattern, the left limb performed the faster rhythm, while in the 1:2 pattern, the right limb produced the faster pattern. In the 1:2 pattern, interference occurred in the limb which had to produce the slower rhythm of forces. However, in the 2:1 condition, interference occurred in both limbs. The conclusion was that interference was not only influenced by movement frequency, but also influenced by limb dominance. The present experiment was designed to replicate these findings in dynamic bimanual 1:2 and 2:1 tasks where performers had to move one wrist faster than the other, and to determine the influence of limb dominance. Dominant left-handed (N = 10; LQ = − 89.81) and dominant right-handed (N = 14; LQ = 91.25) participants were required to perform a 2:1 and a 1:2 coordination pattern using Lissajous feedback. The harmonicity value was calculated to quantify the interference in the trial-time series. The analysis demonstrated that regardless of limb dominance, harmonicity was always lower in the slower moving limb than in the faster moving limb. The present results indicated that for dominant left- and dominant right-handers the faster moving limb influenced the slower moving limb. This is in accordance with the assumption that movement frequency has a higher impact on limb control in bimanual 2:1 and 1:2 coordination tasks than handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Panzer
- Department of Sportscience, Saarland University, Im Stadtwald B8.2, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany. .,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Deanna Kennedy
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Peter Leinen
- Department of Sportscience, Saarland University, Im Stadtwald B8.2, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Christina Pfeifer
- Department of Sportscience, Saarland University, Im Stadtwald B8.2, 66041, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Charles Shea
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Golec J, Sędzielewski M, Szczygieł E, Przybytek M. Bimanual skills and symmetry of upper limb movement in a group of drummers. REHABILITACJA MEDYCZNA 2020. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hand-eye coordination is essential to carry out daily activities or take part in sports. Developing strong visual-motor coordination is especially important for athletes or musicians who rely on it for their careers.
Goal: This study aimed to evaluate visual-motor coordination in drummers’ upper limbs.
Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 60 men, aged 20 to 30 years (average 24.62 ±2.48). The respondents were divided into two groups, group P consisted of 30 experienced drummers and group N of 30 non-drummers. Standardized tests were employed: Relative Hand Skill test (RHS test) and a plate tapping test.
Results: The RHS test conducted on an original sample demonstrated no significant difference between the P and N group for the dominant limb (p=0.7272) or the non-dominant limb (p=0.3274). A significant difference was observed between the P and N group in the plate tapping test. The difference in the plate tapping test results between the dominant and non-dominant hands was significantly smaller in the P group than in the N group (p< 0.0001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Golec
- Institute of Clinical Rehabilitation, Department of Movement Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland / Instytut Rehabilitacji Klinicznej, AWF w Krakowie, Polska
| | - Mateusz Sędzielewski
- New Rehabilitation, Medical-Rehabilitation Centre, Krakow, Poland / Nowa Rehabilitacja Centrum Medyczno-Rehabilitacyjne Kraków
| | - Elżbieta Szczygieł
- Institute of Clinical Rehabilitation, Department of Movement Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Krakow, Poland / Instytut Rehabilitacji Klinicznej, AWF w Krakowie, Polska
| | - Monika Przybytek
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Uniwersity, Krakow, Poland / Wydział Lekarski i Nauk o Zdrowiu, Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego, Kraków
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3
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Response biases: the influence of the contralateral limb and head position. Exp Brain Res 2019; 237:3253-3264. [PMID: 31650213 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-019-05667-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were designed to determine response biases resulting from production of force in the contralateral limb and head position. Participants were required to react with one limb while tracking a sinewave template by generating a pattern of force defined by the sinewave with the contralateral limb or watching a cursor move through the sinewave. In Experiment 1, participants had to react with their right or left limb while their head was in a neutral position. In Experiment 2, participants had to react with their left limb while their head was turned 60° to the left or right. A color change of the waveform signaled participants to produce an isometric contraction with the reacting limb. Reaction time was calculated as the time interval between the color change of the waveform and the initiation of the response. The results indicated mean reaction time for the left limb was significantly influenced by force production in the right limb. During left limb reactions, reaction time was faster for trials in which both limbs initiated force simultaneously as compared to trials in which the left limb initiated force while the right limb was producing force. Mean reaction time for the right limb was not influenced by force production in the contralateral limb. The results are consistent with the notion that crosstalk can influence the time required to react to stimuli but this influence occurs at the point of force initiation and is asymmetric in nature with the dominant limb exerting a stronger influence on the non-dominant limb than vice versa. However, we did not find a similar effect for head position via the tonic neck response.
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Abstract
Bimanual coordination is a commonplace activity, but the consequences of using both hands simultaneously are not well understood. The authors examined fingertip forces across 4 experiments in which participants undertook a range of bimanual tasks. They first measured fingertip forces during simultaneous lifts of 2 identical objects, noting that individuals held the objects with more force bimanually than unimanually. They then varied the mass of the objects held by each hand, noting that when both hands lifted together performance was equivalent to unimanual lifts. The authors next measured one hand's static grip force while the other hand lifted an object. They found a gradual reduction of grip force throughout the trial, but once again no evidence of one hand influencing the other. In the final experiment the authors tested whether tapping with one hand could influence the static grip force of its counterpart. Although the authors found no changes in static grip force as a direct consequence of the other hand's actions, they found clear differences from one task to the other, suggesting an effect of task instruction. Overall, these results suggest that fingertip forces are largely independent between hands in a bimanual lifting context, but are sensitive to different task requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Dimitriou
- a Department of Psychology , Heriot-Watt University , Edinburgh , United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Buckingham
- b Department of Sport and Health Sciences , University of Exeter , United Kingdom
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Bimanual tapping of a syncopated rhythm reveals hemispheric preferences for relative movement frequencies. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 54:287-296. [PMID: 28605695 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In bimanual multifrequency tapping, right-handers commonly use the right hand to tap the relatively higher rate and the left hand to tap the relatively lower rate. This could be due to hemispheric specializations for the processing of relative frequencies. An extension of the double-filtering-by-frequency theory to motor control proposes a left hemispheric specialization for the control of relatively high and a right hemispheric specialization for the control of relatively low tapping rates. We investigated timing variability and rhythmic accentuation in right handers tapping mono- and multifrequent bimanual rhythms to test the predictions of the double-filtering-by-frequency theory. Yet, hemispheric specializations for the processing of relative tapping rates could be masked by a left hemispheric dominance for the control of known sequences. Tapping was thus either performed in an overlearned quadruple meter (tap of the slow rhythm on the first auditory beat) or in a syncopated quadruple meter (tap of the slow rhythm on the fourth auditory beat). Independent of syncopation, the right hand outperformed the left hand in timing accuracy for fast tapping. A left hand timing benefit for slow tapping rates as predicted by the double-filtering-by-frequency theory was only found in the syncopated tapping group. This suggests a right hemisphere preference for the control of slow tapping rates when rhythms are not overlearned. Error rates indicate that overlearned rhythms represent hierarchically structured meters that are controlled by a single timer that could potentially reside in the left hemisphere.
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6
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Coordinative task difficulty and behavioural errors are associated with increased long-range beta band synchronization. Neuroimage 2017; 146:883-893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kennedy DM, Rhee J, Jimenez J, Shea CH. The influence of asymmetric force requirements on a multi-frequency bimanual coordination task. Hum Mov Sci 2017; 51:125-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Symmetrical and asymmetrical influences on force production in 1:2 and 2:1 bimanual force coordination tasks. Exp Brain Res 2015; 234:287-300. [PMID: 26466827 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4460-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Results from a recent experiment (Kennedy et al. in Exp Brain Res 233:181-195, 2015) indicated consistent and identifiable distortion of the left limb forces that could be attributable to the production of right limb forces during a multi-frequency bimanual force task. However, distortions in the forces produced by the right limb that could be attributable to the production of force in the left limb were not observed. The present experiment was designed to replicate this finding and determine whether the influence of force produced by one limb on the contralateral limb is the result of the limb assigned the faster frequency on the limb performing the slower frequency or a bias associated with limb dominance. Participants (N = 10) were required to rhythmically coordinate a pattern of isometric forces in a 1:1, 1:2, or 2:1 coordination pattern. The 1:2 task required the right limb to perform the faster rhythm, while the 2:1 task required the left limb to perform the faster rhythm. The 1:1 task was used as a control. Participants performed 13 practice trials and 1 test trial per task. Lissajous displays were provided to guide performance. If the limb assigned the faster frequency was responsible for the distortions observed in the contralateral limb, it was hypothesized that distortions would only be observed in the force trace of the limb producing the slower pattern of force. If a bias associated with limb dominance was responsible for the distortions observed in the contralateral limb, it was hypothesized that in right-limb-dominant participants the right limb would influence the left limb, regardless of limb assignment. Replicating the results of the previous experiment, only distortions in the left limb were observed in the 1:2 coordination task that could be attributed to the production of force by the right limb. However, identifiable distortions were observed in the force produced by both the left and right limb in the 2:1 coordination task. Observed distortions in the left limb, when assigned the faster rhythm indicated that the source of interference is not limited to limb assignment but also a function of limb dominance.
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Carlson P, Peters A, Gilbert SB, Vance JM, Luse A. Virtual Training: Learning Transfer of Assembly Tasks. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2015; 21:770-782. [PMID: 26357240 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2015.2393871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In training assembly workers in a factory, there are often barriers such as cost and lost productivity due to shutdown. The use of virtual reality (VR) training has the potential to reduce these costs. This research compares virtual bimanual haptic training versus traditional physical training and the effectiveness for learning transfer. In a mixed experimental design, participants were assigned to either virtual or physical training and trained by assembling a wooden burr puzzle as many times as possible during a twenty minute time period. After training, participants were tested using the physical puzzle and were retested again after two weeks. All participants were trained using brightly colored puzzle pieces. To examine the effect of color, testing involved the assembly of colored physical parts and natural wood colored physical pieces. Spatial ability as measured using a mental rotation test, was shown to correlate with the number of assemblies they were able to complete in the training. While physical training outperformed virtual training, after two weeks the virtually trained participants actually improved their test assembly times. The results suggest that the color of the puzzle pieces helped the virtually trained participants in remembering the assembly process.
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Dietz V, Macauda G, Schrafl-Altermatt M, Wirz M, Kloter E, Michels L. Neural coupling of cooperative hand movements: a reflex and fMRI study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 25:948-58. [PMID: 24122137 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The neural control of "cooperative" hand movements reflecting "opening a bottle" was explored in human subjects by electromyographic (EMG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recordings. EMG responses to unilateral nonnoxious ulnar nerve stimulation were analyzed in the forearm muscles of both sides during dynamic movements against a torque applied by the right hand to a device which was compensated for by the left hand. For control, stimuli were applied while task was performed in a static/isometric mode and during bilateral synchronous pro-/supination movements. During the dynamic cooperative task, EMG responses to stimulations appeared in the right extensor and left flexor muscles, regardless of which side was stimulated. Under the control conditions, responses appeared only on the stimulated side. fMRI recordings showed a bilateral extra-activation and functional coupling of the secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) during the dynamic cooperative, but not during the control, tasks. This activation might reflect processing of shared cutaneous input during the cooperative task. Correspondingly, it is assumed that stimulation-induced unilateral volleys are processed in S2, leading to a release of EMG responses to both forearms. This indicates a task-specific neural coupling during cooperative hand movements, which has consequences for the rehabilitation of hand function in poststroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Dietz
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland and
| | - Gianluca Macauda
- Clinic of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Markus Wirz
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland and
| | - Evelyne Kloter
- Spinal Cord Injury Center, Balgrist University Hospital, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland and
| | - Lars Michels
- Clinic of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Hoyer EH, Bastian AJ. The effects of task demands on bimanual skill acquisition. Exp Brain Res 2013; 226:193-208. [PMID: 23392473 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-013-3425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bimanual coordination is essential for everyday activities. It is thought that different degrees of demands may affect learning of new bimanual patterns. One demand is at the level of performance and involves breaking the tendency to produce mirror-symmetric movements. A second is at a perceptual level and involves controlling each hand to separate (i.e., split) goals. A third demand involves switching between different task contexts (e.g., a different uni- or bimanual task), instead of continuously practicing one task repeatedly. Here, we studied the effect of these task demands on motor planning (reaction time) and execution (error) while subjects learned a novel bimanual isometric pinch force task. In Experiment 1, subjects continuously practiced in one of the two extremes of the following bimanual conditions: (1) symmetric force demands and a perceptually unified target for each hand or (2) asymmetric force demands and perceptually split targets. Subjects performing in the asymmetric condition showed some interference between hands, but all subjects, regardless of group, could learn the isometric pinch force task similarly. In Experiment 2, subjects practiced these and two other conditions, but in a paradigm where practice was briefly interrupted by the performance of either a unimanual or a different bimanual condition. Reaction times were longer and errors were larger well after the interruption when the main movement to be learned required asymmetric forces. There was no effect when the main movement required symmetric forces. These findings demonstrate two main points. First, people can learn bimanual tasks with very different demands on the same timescale if they are not interrupted. Second, interruption during learning can negatively impact both planning and execution and this depends on the demands of the bimanual task to be learned. This information will be important for training patient populations, who may be more susceptible to increased task demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H Hoyer
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Phipps 174, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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12
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Gooijers J, Caeyenberghs K, Sisti HM, Geurts M, Heitger MH, Leemans A, Swinnen SP. Diffusion tensor imaging metrics of the corpus callosum in relation to bimanual coordination: effect of task complexity and sensory feedback. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 34:241-52. [PMID: 22021056 PMCID: PMC6869984 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.21429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Revised: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
When manipulating objects with both hands, the corpus callosum (CC) is of paramount importance for interhemispheric information exchange. Hence, CC damage results in impaired bimanual performance. Here, healthy young adults performed a complex bimanual dial rotation task with or without augmented visual feedback and according to five interhand frequency ratios (1:1, 1:3, 2:3, 3:1, 3:2). The relation between bimanual task performance and microstructural properties of seven CC subregions (i.e., prefrontal, premotor/supplementary motor, primary motor, primary sensory, occipital, parietal, and temporal) was studied by means of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Findings revealed that bimanual coordination deteriorated in the absence as compared to the presence of augmented visual feedback. Simple frequency ratios (1:1) were performed better than the multifrequency ratios (non 1:1). Moreover, performance was more accurate when the preferred hand (1:3-2:3) as compared to the nonpreferred hand (3:1-3:2) moved faster and during noninteger (2:3-3:2) as compared to integer frequency ratios (1:3-3:1). DTI findings demonstrated that bimanual task performance in the absence of augmented visual feedback was significantly related to the microstructural properties of the primary motor and occipital region of the CC, suggesting that white matter microstructure is associated with the ability to perform bimanual coordination patterns in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Gooijers
- Motor Control Laboratory, Research Center of Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Department of Biomedical Kinesiology, Group Biomedical Sciences, K.U. Leuven, Belgium.
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Kasuga S, Nozaki D. Cross talk in implicit assignment of error information during bimanual visuomotor learning. J Neurophysiol 2011; 106:1218-26. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00278.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
When a neural movement controller, called an “internal model,” is adapted to a novel environment, the movement error needs to be appropriately associated with the controller. However, their association is not necessarily guaranteed for bimanual movements in which two controllers—one for each hand—result in two movement errors. Considering the implicit nature of the adaptation process, the movement error of one hand can be erroneously associated with the controller of the other hand. Here, we investigated this credit-assignment problem in bimanual movement by having participants perform bimanual, symmetric back-and-forth movements while displaying the position of the right hand only with a cursor. In the training session, the cursor position was gradually rotated clockwise, such that the participants were unaware of the rotation. The movement of the right hand gradually rotated counterclockwise as a consequence of adaptation. Although the participants knew that the cursor reflected the movement of the right hand, such gradual adaptation was also observed for the invisible left hand, especially when the cursor was presented on the left side of the display. Thus the movement error of the right hand was implicitly assigned to the left-hand controller. Such cross talk in credit assignment might influence motor adaptation performance, even when two cursors are presented; the adaptation was impaired when the rotations imposed on the cursors were opposite compared with when they were in the same direction. These results indicate the inherent presence of cross talk in the process of associating action with consequence in bimanual movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Kasuga
- Division of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku; and
- The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Nozaki
- Division of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku; and
- The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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Vasudevan EVL, Zehr EP. Multi-frequency arm cycling reveals bilateral locomotor coupling to increase movement symmetry. Exp Brain Res 2011; 211:299-312. [PMID: 21516330 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-011-2687-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Upright stance has allowed for substantial flexibility in how the upper limbs interact with each other: the arms can be coordinated in alternating, synchronous, or asymmetric patterns. While synchronization is thought to be the default mode of coordination during bimanual movement, there is little evidence for any bilateral coupling during locomotor-like arm cycling movements. Multi-frequency tasks have been used to reveal bilateral coupling during bimanual movements, thus here we used a multi-frequency task to determine whether the arms are coupled during arm cycling. It was hypothesized that bilateral coupling would be revealed as changes in background EMG and cutaneous reflexes when temporal coordination was altered. Twelve subjects performed arm cycling at 1 and 2 Hz with one arm while the contralateral arm was either at rest, cycling at the same frequency, or cycling at a different frequency (i.e., multi-frequency cycling with one arm at 1 Hz and the other at 2 Hz). To evoke reflexes, the superficial radial nerve was stimulated at the wrist. EMG was collected continuously from muscles of both arms. Results showed that background EMG in the lower frequency arm was amplified while reflex amplitudes were unaltered during multi-frequency cycling. We propose that neural coupling between the arms aids in equalizing muscle activity during asymmetric tasks to permit stable movement. Conversely, such interactions between the arms would likely be unnecessary in determining a reflexive response to a perturbation of one arm. Therefore, bilateral coupling was expressed when it was relevant to symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin V L Vasudevan
- Motor Learning Laboratory, Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Albert Einstein Healthcare Network, 50 Township Line Road, Elkins Park, PA, USA.
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15
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Morehouse SA, Szeligo F, DiTommaso E. Characteristics of the bimanual deficit using grip strength. Laterality 2010; 5:167-85. [PMID: 15513140 DOI: 10.1080/713754368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Grip strength was used to evaluate bimanual functioning and the bimanual deficit as a measure of the relationship between the hands and the hemispheres. Participants were 174 right-handed individuals. Experiment 1 measured maximal, unimanual, and bimanual grips. There were two bimanual, simultaneous grip conditions: (1) symmetrical (hands perform the same grip) and (2) asymmetrical (different grips for each hand). Decrements were equivalent for preferred and nonpreferred hands and were similar for males and females. Experiment 2 consisted of three variations of the bimanual, asymmetrical grip condition used in Experiment 1. Emphasis was imposed on a single hand via a performance criterion and feedback. Results indicated that emphasis imposed on either hand produced a strength increment compared to that hand's baseline, but did not affect the concurrently performing hand. Results suggest that the bimanual coordination is governed at a non-lateralised or inter-hemispheric level for both males and females.
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Abstract
Humans can guide simple concurrent and seemingly independent movements of digits between hands, but it is shown here that they find it impossible to do this with digits within a hand. This inability demonstrates a basic characteristic of the relation between attention and the control of the skeletal musculature. Mechanisms that are available to provide the illusion of concurrent and independent guidance of separate movements between hands are not available within a single-hand control system. There is no reason to believe that the inability to divide focal attention in the guidance of two concurrent controlled activities, as exemplified in the example of within-hand movements, does not also extend to nonmotor processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Peters
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1 Canada.
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Walter C, Swinnen S, Dounskaia N, Van Langendonk H. Systematic error in the organization of physical action. Cogn Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1207/s15516709cog2503_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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18
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Peters M, Schwartz S. Coordination of the two hands and effects of attentional manipulation in the production of a bimanual 2:3 polyrhythm. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00049538908260084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Boonstra TW, Daffertshofer A, Breakspear M, Beek PJ. Multivariate time–frequency analysis of electromagnetic brain activity during bimanual motor learning. Neuroimage 2007; 36:370-7. [PMID: 17462913 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2007] [Accepted: 03/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the relationship between brain activity and motor performance is reasonably well established, the manner in which this relationship changes with motor learning remains incompletely understood. This paper presents a study of cortical modulations of event-related beta activity when participants learned to perform a complex bimanual motor task: 151 channel MEG data were acquired from nine healthy adults whilst learning a bimanual 3:5 polyrhythm. Sources of MEG activity were determined by means of synthetic aperture magnetometry that yielded locations and time courses of beta activities. The relationship between changes in performance and corresponding changes in event-related power were assessed using partial least squares. Behavioral data revealed that participants successfully learned to perform the 3:5 polyrhythm and that performance improvement was mainly achieved through the proper timing of the finger producing the slow rhythm. We found event-related modulation of beta power in the contralateral motor cortex that was inversely related to force output. The degree of beta modulation increased during the experiment - although the force level remained constant - and was positively correlated with motor performance, in particular for the motor cortex contralateral to the slow hand. These electrophysiological findings support the view that activity in motor cortex co-varies closely with behavioral changes over the course of learning.
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Brakke K, Fragaszy DM, Simpson K, Hoy E, Cummins-Sebree S. The production of bimanual percussion in 12- to 24-month-old children. Infant Behav Dev 2007; 30:2-15. [PMID: 17292775 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2005.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Revised: 07/19/2005] [Accepted: 08/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bimanual coordination represents a complex self-organizing system that is subject to both internal and contextual constraints. Although there has been interest in examining bimanual development throughout the lifespan, few data exist relative to the bimanual activity of children between 1 and 4 years of age. The study reported here represents an initial effort to address this gap. Twenty-seven children who were either 12, 18 or 24 months old were videotaped while drumming with sticks on a plastic drum. Two independent observers recorded bout length as well as number and phase relation of movement cycles within bouts. Kinematic analysis provided more detailed information about the timing and form of children's activity. Results indicate that bimanual drumming becomes preferred over unimanual drumming by 2 years of age, that the proportions of different phase relations exhibited by children change between 1 and 2 years of age, and that the behavior appears to go through periods of stability and variability within this age range. These results are discussed in the context of the child's physical development and interactions with the environment during this period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Brakke
- Department of Psychology, Spelman College, 350 Spelman Lane SW, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA.
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21
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de Poel HJ, Peper CLE, Beek PJ. Handedness-related asymmetry in coupling strength in bimanual coordination: furthering theory and evidence. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2007; 124:209-37. [PMID: 16777042 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2006.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of handedness on bimanual isofrequency coordination (e.g., phase advance of the dominant limb) have been suggested to result from an asymmetry in interlimb coupling strength, with the non-dominant limb being more strongly influenced by the dominant limb than vice versa. A formalized version of this hypothesis was tested by examining the phase adjustments in both limbs in response to mechanical perturbation of the bimanual coordination pattern and during frequency-induced phase transitions, for both right- and left-handed participants. In both situations, the phase adaptations were made predominantly by the non-dominant limb in right-handers, whereas this effect failed to reach significance in left-handers. Thus, the asymmetry in coupling strength was less pronounced in the latter group. In addition, the degree of asymmetry depended on movement frequency. The observed asymmetry was discussed in relation to pertinent neurophysiological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjo J de Poel
- Institute for Fundamental and Clinical Human Movement Sciences, Amsterdam/Nijmegen, Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Van der Boechorststraat 9, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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22
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Abstract
The present study addressed the development of bimanual interference in children performing a dual motor task, in which each hand executes a different task simultaneously. Forty right-handed children (aged 4, 5-6, 7-8 and 9-11years, ten in each age group) were asked to perform a bimanual task in which they had to tap with a pen using the non-preferred hand and simultaneously trace a circle or a square with a pen using the preferred hand as quickly as possible. Tapping and tracing were also performed unimanually. Differences between unimanual and bimanual performance were assessed for number of taps, length of tap trace and mean tracing velocity. It was assumed that with increasing age, better bimanual coordination would result in better performance on the dual task showing less intermanual interference. The results showed that tapping and tracing performance increased with age, unimanually as well as bimanually, consistent with developmental advancement. However, the percentage of intermanual interference due to bimanual performance was not significantly different in the four age groups. Although performing the dual task resulted in mutual intermanual interference, all groups showed a significant effect of tracing shape. More specifically, all age groups showed a larger percentage decrease in tracing velocity when performing the circle compared to the square in the dual task. The present study reveals that children as young as four years are able to coordinate both hands when tapping and tracing bimanually.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Otte
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Maastricht, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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23
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Abstract
Sensorimotor synchronization (SMS), the rhythmic coordination of perception and action, occurs in many contexts, but most conspicuously in music performance and dance. In the laboratory, it is most often studied in the form of finger tapping to a sequence of auditory stimuli. This review summarizes theories and empirical findings obtained with the tapping task. Its eight sections deal with the role of intention, rate limits, the negative mean asynchrony, variability, models of error correction, perturbation studies, neural correlates of SMS, and SMS in musical contexts. The central theoretical issue is considered to be how best to characterize the perceptual information and the internal processes that enable people to achieve and maintain SMS. Recent research suggests that SMS is controlled jointly by two error correction processes (phase correction and period correction) that differ in their degrees of cognitive control and may be associated with different brain circuits. They exemplify the general distinction between subconscious mechanisms of action regulation and conscious processes involved in perceptual judgment and action planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno H Repp
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT 06511-6624, USA.
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24
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Amazeen EL, Ringenbach SD, Amazeen PG. The effects of attention and handedness on coordination dynamics in a bimanual Fitts’ law task. Exp Brain Res 2005; 164:484-99. [PMID: 15971067 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-005-2269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2004] [Accepted: 12/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of attention and handedness on bimanual coordination in the context of a dynamical model of coordinated movements. Participants performed a bimanual, rhythmic Fitts' law task in which the relative amount of attention directed to each task was manipulated by the relative difficulty associated with the pair of targets that each hand tapped. In both experiments, participants tended to lead with their preferred hand. The effects of attention, though, were mixed, which suggested that there was a combined effect of an attentional asymmetry and an asymmetry in the hands' uncoupled frequency, both of which are captured in the dynamical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Amazeen
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Box 871104, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA.
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25
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Sherwood DE. Hand preference, practice order, and spatial assimilations in rapid bimanual movement. J Mot Behav 2005; 26:123-43. [PMID: 15753065 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.1994.9941667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
When subjects make rapid bimanual aiming movements over different distances, spatial assimilations are shown; the shorter distance limb overshoots when paired with a longer distance limb. Recent research has also shown spatial assimilations to be greater in the nonpreferred left limb of right-handed subjects, but it is not known whether the increased spatial assimilations represent a handedness effect or one of hemispheric lateralization of motor control. To determine the nature of the asymmetric effect, left- (n = 32) and right- (n = 60) handed subjects part practiced, then whole practiced, short (20 degrees ) and long 60 degrees ) reversal movements. During whole practice, both groups showed spatial assimilations in the shorter distance limb, particularly when the left limb performed the short movement. This asymmetry was greatest for right-handed subjects, but left-handed subjects showed smaller, but systematic effects, providing moderate support for the hypothesis that the asymmetric effect is due to hemispheric lateralization of motor control. All interlimb differences in spatial accuracy for the short and long movements were eliminated with practice, however, suggesting the asymmetric effect was temporary as well. In addition, subjects who part practiced the long movement just prior to whole practice showed greater overshooting in the short distance limb compared with subjects who followed the other practice order throughout whole practice and the no-KR retention trials. Such findings suggest that the part-practice order of bimanual tasks can directionally bias whole-task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Sherwood
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Colorado, Campus Box 354, Boulder, Co 80309-0354, USA
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26
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Keller P, Repp B. When two limbs are weaker than one: sensorimotor syncopation with alternating hands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 57:1085-101. [PMID: 15370517 DOI: 10.1080/02724980343000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses the demands of alternating bimanual syncopation, a coordination mode in which the two hands move in alternation while tapping in antiphase with a metronomic tone sequence. Musically trained participants were required to engage in alternating bimanual syncopation and five other coordination modes: unimanual syncopation where taps are made (with the left or right hand) after every tone; unimanual syncopation where taps are made after every other tone; bimanual synchronization with alternating hands; unimanual synchronized tapping with every tone; and unimanual tapping with every other tone. Variability in tap timing was greatest overall for alternating bimanual syncopation, indicating that it is the most difficult. This appears to be due to instability arising from the simultaneous presence of two levels of antiphase coordination (one between the pacing sequence and the hands, the other between the two hands) rather than factors relating to movement frequency or dexterity limits of the nonpreferred hand.
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27
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Truman G, Hammond GR. Temporal regularity of tapping by the left and right hands in timed and untimed finger tapping. J Mot Behav 2004; 22:521-35. [PMID: 15117660 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.1990.10735526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The temporal characteristics of repetitive finger tapping by the left and right hands were examined in two experiments. In the first experiment, interresponse intervals (IRIs) were recorded while right-handed male subjects tapped in synchrony with an auditory timing pulse (the synchronization phase) and then attempted to maintain the same tapping rate without the timing pulses (the continuation phase). The left and right hands performed separately, at four different rates (interpulse intervals of 250, 500, 750, and 1500 ms). There was no asymmetry of the asynchronies of the timing pulses and the associated responses in the synchronization phase or of the IRIs in either phase, but there was an asymmetry of chronization phase or of the IRIs in either phase, but there was an asymmetry in the temporal dispersion of the responses in both phases. in the second experiment, right-handed males tapped separately with each hand at three different speeds: as quickly as possible, at a fast but steady rate, and at a slow rhythmical rate. The speed asymmetry present when tapping as quickly as possible (with the preferred hand tapping more quickly ) was reduced when tapping at the fast steady rate and was absent when tapping at the slow rhythmical rate. The temporal dispersion of the IRIs produced by the nonpreferred hand was greater than the temporal dispersion of those produced by the preferred hand in all speed conditions. These results show smaller temporal dispersion of tapping by the preferred hand in right-handed males under different conditions, including submaximal speeds at which both hands respond at the same rate. This suggests that the motor system controlling the preferred hand in right-handers had more precise timing of response output than that controlling the nonpreferred hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Truman
- The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Australia
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28
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Swinnen SP, Beirinckx MB, Meugens PF, Walter CB. Dissociating the structural and metrical specifications of bimanual movement. J Mot Behav 2004; 23:263-79. [PMID: 14766509 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.1991.9942038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Synchronization strength was investigated during the bimanual performance of movements with fundamentally different spatiotemporal features. A flexion (unidirectional) movement was made by the nondominant limb together with a flexion-extension-flexion (reversal) movement by the dominant limb. In contrast with previous studies on bimanual coordination, the movements differed from each other with respect to qualitative (structural) as well as quantitative (metrical) characteristics. Accordingly, the main task goal was to dissociate the limbs' actions at both these levels. Findings of Experiment 1 (within-subject) and Experiment 2 (between-subject) revealed a mutual synchronization effect that was evident at various levels of movement description and that was essentially asymmetric in nature: The unidirectional movement was more attracted to the reversal movement than vice versa. The intrusive nature of synchronization prevented full metrical and structural dissociation of the upper-limbs' actions, although individual differences were apparent and reflected fundamentally different coordination modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Swinnen
- Motor Control Laboratory, ILO, Kathholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Tervuurse Vest 101, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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29
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Abstract
The purpose of the present project was to determine whether postural sway varied with the difficulty of a concurrent unrelated cognitive task. Participants stood on a compliant surface under four conditions of varied attentional demand. Information reduction tasks (digit reversal, digit classification, counting backward by 3s) were used to quantify the attentional demands of the cognitive activity. Results showed attentional demands of the cognitive task impacted postural sway, with the most difficult cognitive task having the greatest influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine L Pellecchia
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Education, Nursing and Health Professions, University of Hartford, 200 Bloomfield Avenue, West Hartford, CT 06117-1599, USA.
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30
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Summers JJ, Davis AS, Byblow WD. The acquisition of bimanual coordination is mediated by anisotropic coupling between the hands. Hum Mov Sci 2002; 21:699-721. [PMID: 12620717 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9457(02)00151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to test two predictions from the coupled oscillator model of multifrequency coordination. First, it was predicted that multifrequency tasks that match the inherent manual asymmetry (i.e., the preferred hand assigned to the faster tempo) would be easier to learn than tasks that do not match the inherent dynamics (i.e., the non-preferred hand assigned to the faster tempo). Second, in the latter case acquisition of the multifrequency coordination would involve a reorganisation of the coupling dynamics such that the faster hand would exert a greater influence on the slower hand than vice versa. Sixteen right-handed volunteers received extensive training on a 2:1 coordination pattern involving a bimanual forearm pronation-supination task. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: 1L:2R in which the preferred right hand performed the higher frequency, or 2L:1R in which the non-preferred left hand performed the higher frequency. The dynamic stability of the patterns was assessed by the ability of participants to maintain the coordination pattern as movement frequency was increased. Changes in the directional coupling between the hands was assessed by transition pathways and lead-lag relationship evident in a 1:1 anti-phase frequency-scaled coordination task performed prior to and following three practice sessions of the 2:1 task. The predicted differential stability between the multifrequency patterns was evident in the initial acquisition sessions but by the end of training the two patterns evidenced equivalent stability. Unexpectedly, for both groups the fast hand displayed greater variability in amplitude and movement frequency than the slow hand perhaps reflecting anchoring afforded to the slow hand by synchronising movement endpoints with the auditory pacing metronome. Analysis of pre- to post-training changes to the coupling dynamics in the 1:1 anti-phase task support the hypothesis that acquisition of the 2L:1R pattern involved reorganisation of the inherent dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery J Summers
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-30, Hobart 7001, Tasmania, Australia.
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31
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Swinnen SP, Carson RG. The control and learning of patterns of interlimb coordination: past and present issues in normal and disordered control. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2002; 110:129-37. [PMID: 12102102 DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6918(02)00030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present paper provides a historical note on the evolution of the behavioral study of interlimb coordination and the reasons for its success as a field of investigation in the past decades. Whereas the original foundations for this field of science were laid down back in the seventies, it has steadily grown in the past decades and has attracted the attention of various scientific disciplines. A diversity of topics is currently being addressed and this is also expressed in the present contributions to the special issue. The main theme is centered on the brain basis of interlimb coordination. On the one hand, this pertains to the study of the control and learning of patterns of interlimb coordination in clinical groups. On the other hand, basic neural approaches are being merged together with behavioral approaches to reveal the neural basis of interlimb coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Swinnen
- Department of Kinesiology, K.U. Leuven, Belgium.
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32
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Swinnen SP. Intermanual coordination: from behavioural principles to neural-network interactions. Nat Rev Neurosci 2002; 3:348-59. [PMID: 11988774 DOI: 10.1038/nrn807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Locomotion in vertebrates and invertebrates has a long history in research as the most prominent example of interlimb coordination. However, the evolution towards upright stance and gait has paved the way for a bewildering variety of functions in which the upper limbs interact with each other in a context-specific manner. The neural basis of these bimanual interactions has been investigated in recent years on different scales, ranging from the single-cell level to the analysis of neuronal assemblies. Although the prevailing viewpoint has been to assign bimanual coordination to a single brain locus, more recent evidence points to a distributed network that governs the processes of neural synchronization and desynchronization that underlie the rich variety of coordinated functions. The distributed nature of this network accounts for disruptions of interlimb coordination across various movement disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan P Swinnen
- Motor Control Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Tervuurse Vest 101, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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33
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Abstract
Motor events are behaviorally meaningful, discrete entities (e.g., key strokes) that are generated at some specific portion of an effector's movement trajectory. Bimanual coordination may be conceptualized with reference to such discrete motor events or with reference to continuous movement trajectories. Studies inspired by the former approach suggest that hand coordination is primarily achieved by assigning a coherent timing goal structure to the motor events produced by each hand. Studies conducted with the latter approach have shown that between-hand interdependence may also arise from the cross-coupling of the command signals that generate each hand's motion. Little is known, however, about the relationships between timing-level coordination and trajectory-level coordination of the hands. Some aspects of these relationships are analyzed using data from experiments that involved bimanual finger tapping and circle drawing at identical and different frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Semjen
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences Cognitives, CNRS, Marseille, France.
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34
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Gutnik BJ, Nicholson J, Nash D. A new conceptual model of asymmetry in motor performance for bidimensional fast-oscillating movements in selected variants of performance. Percept Mot Skills 2000; 91:155-87. [PMID: 11011887 DOI: 10.2466/pms.2000.91.1.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spatial characteristics and lateral differences between two upper extremities were investigated in unilateral graphical tasks involving fast oscillating movements in the vertical plane based on the model of restricted (less than 10 degrees) horizontal abduction adduction in the shoulder joint. The spatial locations of reversal points were used to identify two groups of motor performance: with big angles and gross vertical vectors (stretched accordion group), and small projectile angles with small vertical vectors (compressed accordion group). Both groups appeared in right and left arm performance. The former group had a strong pattern of distribution of big and small projectile angles which reflects a particular variant of execution with a significant difference between angles and intermittent big and small angles (BB). Two other variants of execution relating to specific angular patterns of performance were identified in the compressed accordion group: one (Bs) showed a big difference between big and small angles but without intermittance; the other (ss) had only small differences between magnitudes of angles. The Bs variant of execution was observed only in left-handed performance, whilst ss was typical of both extremities. The performances affiliated to the stretched accordion group with the BB variant of execution mostly operated with reciprocal cooperation between alterations of X and Y vectors for the right arm. Performance related to the same group with the Bs variant of execution used concurrent collaboration involving alteration of these vectors for the left arm. The compressed accordion group which deployed the ss variant of execution mostly displayed concurrent alteration of vectors irrespective of the side of performance. It is suggested that the spatial movement strategies might reflect several different schemes of motor control wherein coupling of oscillators controls vertical and horizontal movements. It is also proposed that specific subunits of the functional system of nervous elements responsible for the expression of spatial derivatives of motor programmes may exist at lower levels of the CNS and might be initiated by the left brain or by the cooperative activity of the left and right hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Gutnik
- Department of Health Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, UNITEC, Auckland, New Zealand
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35
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Sternad D, Turvey MT, Saltzman EL. Dynamics of 1:2 Coordination: Generalizing Relative Phase to n:m Rhythms. J Mot Behav 1999; 31:207-223. [PMID: 11177632 DOI: 10.1080/00222899909600989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Interlimb rhythmic movements can be modeled as coupled oscillators, with stable performance characterized by the relative phase between the limbs. In the present study, that modeling strategy, verified previously for 1:1 coordination, was generalized to 1:2 coordination with a view to n:m coordination. The generalized model predicted interactions between coordination (specifically, 1:1 vs. 1:2) and the frequency asymmetry between the limbs determining mean relative phase and its variability. The predicted interactions were evaluated with bimanual 1:2 and 1:1 rhythmic tasks in which participants (N = 8) oscillated hand-held pendulums whose uncoupled frequencies could be adjusted so that different interlimb asymmetries were produced. The authors needed new analytic procedures to verify stable 1:2 coordination and to resolve stochastic and deterministic sources of variability in the component oscillations. The major expectations from the generalized model were confirmed, and the implications of additional but unpredicted findings for the modeling of multifrequency behavior are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Sternad
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, 266 Recreation Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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36
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Walter CB, Corcos DM, Swinnen SP. Component variability during bimanual rhythmic movements: not all harmonic timing ratios are alike. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 1998; 69:75-81. [PMID: 9532626 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.1998.10607670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C B Walter
- School of Kinesiology, University of Illinois-Chicago, USA.
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37
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Wolff PH, Kotwica K, Obregon M. The development of interlimb coordination during bimanual finger tapping. Int J Neurosci 1998; 93:7-27. [PMID: 9604165 DOI: 10.3109/00207459808986408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Normal subjects aged 7-25 years were asked to tap the index fingers of both hands: a) in four different patterns of interlimb coordination; b) at two different response frequencies; and c) both before and after the entraining metronome was turned off. The outcome variables of primary interest were the within-subject variability of interresponse intervals (IRI) as an index of timing precision; and deviations from prescribed response frequency, as an index of temporal tracking accuracy. Stability of timing precision and accuracy of temporal tracking increased significantly from 7 to 9 and from 9 to 11 years, with only minor advances thereafter. There were significant right-left performance asymmetries in all bimanual tasks; variability of IRI and deviations from prescribed rate were greater at the faster of the two response frequencies tested; and stability of IRI and accuracy of temporal tracking were greater with than without the metronome. Stability of IRI and accuracy of temporal tracking were strongly correlated in some bimanual tasks. The findings are discussed in terms of the two major theoretical perspectives on human brain-behavior relationships that have specifically addressed the issue of bimanual coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Wolff
- Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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38
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Walter CB, Swinnen SP, Corcos DM, Pollatou E, Pan HY. Coping with systematic bias during bilateral movement. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 1998; 60:202-13. [PMID: 9440358 DOI: 10.1007/bf00419405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The present studies examined the nature of kinematic interlimb interference during bilateral elbow movements of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 frequency ratios and the manner in which subjects cope with coordination bias. Analysis of movement trajectories in the first experiment indicated progressively greater angular velocity assimilation across 2:1 and 3:1 conditions. The desired temporal relationship was maintained by slowing or pausing the low-frequency movement at peak extension while the high-frequency arm produced intervening cycles. An increase in amplitude was also evident for concurrent, homologous cycles. Movement smoothness was emphasized and additional practice was provided in a second experiment. This resulted in dissociated peak angular velocity between limbs and eliminated hesitations and amplitude effects. Bias was still evident, however, as an intermittent approach toward a 1:1 ratio within each cycle. This systematic tendency was somewhat greater at the lower of two absolute frequency combinations but was not influenced by the role of each arm in producing the higher or lower frequency movement. The findings from the first experiment suggest that subjects initially accommodate interlimb kinematic assimilation, while producing the intended timing ratio, by intermittently slowing or pausing the lower-frequency movement. This attenuates the need for bilaterally-disparate movement parameters and provides additional time for organizing residual kinematic differences, perhaps reducing "transient coupling." Evidence from the second experiment indicates that subtle relative motion preferences are still evident following sufficient practice to perform the movements smoothly. The within-cycle locations of the points of greatest interlimb bias for the 2:1 rhythms were positively displaced from those previously observed for 1:1 oscillations. The persistent coordination tendencies noted in both experiments perhaps reflect an assimilation/compensation cycle and constitute one potential source of the systematic error that often emerges during the acquisition of complex skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Walter
- School of Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago 60680-1516, USA.
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39
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Swinnen SP, Jardin K, Verschueren S, Meulenbroek R, Franz L, Dounskaia N, Walter CB. Exploring interlimb constraints during bimanual graphic performance: effects of muscle grouping and direction. Behav Brain Res 1998; 90:79-87. [PMID: 9520215 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Past studies on bimanual coordination have revealed a general preference to move the limbs in a symmetrical fashion, also denoted as the in-phase mode. Its counterpart, the asymmetrical or anti-phase mode, is performed with lower degrees of accuracy and stability. This ubiquitous tendency to activate the homologous muscle groups is referred to as the muscle grouping constraint (egocentric constraint). The present study confirmed the generalizability of this constraint across various coordination patterns, performed in the horizontal plane. In addition, evidence was generated that movement direction in extrinsic space also constrains bimanual coordination (allocentric constraint). Overall, the present observations suggest that direction is an important movement parameter that is encoded in the central nervous system and that is subject to interactions between the neural specifications of both limbs.
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40
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Abstract
Hand skill asymmetry on two handedness tasks was examined in consistent right-handed musicians and nonmusicians as well as mixed-handed and consistent left-handed nonmusicians. Musicians, although demonstrating right-hand superiority, revealed a lesser degree of hand skill asymmetry than consistent right-handed nonmusicians. Increased left-hand skill in musicians accounted for their reduced asymmetry. Musicians predominantly playing keyboard instruments demonstrated superior tapping performance than musicians playing predominantly string instruments, although they did not differ with respect to hand skill asymmetry. Since the diminished tapping asymmetry in musicians was related to early commencement but not duration of musical training, results are interpreted as an adaptation process due to performance requirements interacting with cerebral maturation during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jäncke
- Institute of General Psychology I, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Carson RG, Thomas J, Summers JJ, Walters MR, Semjen A. The dynamics of bimanual circle drawing. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. A, HUMAN EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 1997; 50:664-83. [PMID: 9314729 DOI: 10.1080/713755721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A bimanual circle drawing task was employed to elucidate the dynamics of intralimb and interlimb coordination. Right-handed subjects were required to produce circles with both hands in either a symmetrical (mirror) mode (i.e. one hand moving clockwise, the other counter-clockwise) or in an asymmetrical mode (i.e. both hands moving clockwise or counter-clockwise). The frequency of movement was scaled by an auditory metronome from 1.50 Hz to 3.25 Hz in 8 (8-sec) steps. In the asymmetrical mode, distortions of the movement trajectories, transient departures from the target pattern of coordination, and phase wandering were evidence as movement frequency was increased. These features suggested loss of stability. Deviations from circular trajectories were most prominent for movements of the left hand. Transient departures from the required mode of coordination were also largely precipitated by the left hand. The results are discussed with reference to manual asymmetries and mechanisms of interlimb and intersegmental coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Carson
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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42
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Effects of Temporal Scaling and Attention on the Asymmetrical Dynamics of Bimanual Coordination. Motor Control 1997. [DOI: 10.1123/mcj.1.3.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Gutnik B, Hyland B. Spatial coordination in a bimanual task related to regular switching of movement vectors. Percept Mot Skills 1997; 84:371-84. [PMID: 9106822 DOI: 10.2466/pms.1997.84.2.371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The spatial aspect of cooperation between the two upper extremities was investigated using a bimanual task involving drawing simultaneous zig-zag lines on a vertical surface. In 62 trials by 31 strongly right-handed subjects three performance types were identified; Type I involved alternation of dominance in sideways and vertical movement components, in Type II a constant vertical movement was superimposed upon sideways movement, and Type III showed no consistent pattern across the two hands. These performance types differed significantly on the measure of spatial coordination, with Type I having the best, and Type III the poorest. These results suggest that on this bimanual task better spatial symmetry in limb movement is achieved when both hands employ similar within-hand strategies, involving switching between vectors for all muscle groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gutnik
- Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Kraus E. The Relationship between Hand Preference, Bimanual Coordination and Crossing of the Midline. WORLD FEDERATION OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPISTS BULLETIN 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/14473828.1997.11785344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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45
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Wuyts IJ, Summers JJ, Carson RG, Byblow WD, Semjen A. Attention as a mediating variable in the dynamics of bimanual coordination. Hum Mov Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-9457(96)00033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Oda S, Moritani T. Cross-correlation studies of movement-related cortical potentials during unilateral and bilateral muscle contractions in humans. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY AND OCCUPATIONAL PHYSIOLOGY 1996; 74:29-35. [PMID: 8891497 DOI: 10.1007/bf00376491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A useful method of studying the degree of association between two signals of varying amplitude in the time domain is to use cross-correlation analysis. We applied this to the movement-related cortical potentials digitally filtered so as to eliminate the low frequency component before applying it during maximal unilateral left (UL L), unilateral right (UL R) and bilateral (BL) contractions in 11 right-handed subjects. The recording electrode sites were over the right and left motor cortex areas (C3 and C4). The BL condition revealed higher cross-correlation levels of cortical activities between the two hemispheres than in UL L or UL R contraction [UL L, r = 0.68 (SEM 0.05); UL R, r = 0.73 (SEM 0.03); BL, r = 0.76 (SEM 0.02)]. The UL R revealed a positive phase difference [5 (SEM 2) ms] when the maximal cross-correlation coefficient was shown and UL L showed a negative phase difference [5 (SEM 3) ms]. However, BL revealed a smaller phase difference [2 (SEM 1) ms] than that for UL. It was concluded that during maximal BL contraction cortical cellular activities in both hemispheres was more synchronized in amplitude and time course compared with maximal UL contractions. Our data suggested that central common drive existed between the right and left motor areas during the maximal BL handgrip contractions and the amplitude of potentials of both hemispheres was modified by the interhemispheric inhibition mechanism as reported in other studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oda
- Laboratory of Human Motor Control, Faculty of Integrated Human Studies, Kyoto University, Japan
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48
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Whitall J, Getchell N. Multilimb coordination patterns in simultaneous, dissimilar upper and lower limb tasks. Hum Mov Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-9457(95)00038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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49
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Wolff PH, Melngailis I, Obregon M, Bedrosian M. Family patterns of developmental dyslexia, part II: behavioral phenotypes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS 1995; 60:494-505. [PMID: 8825885 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320600604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The motor control of bimanual coordination and motor speech was compared between first degree relatives from families with at least 2 dyslexic family members, and families where probands were the only affected family members. Half of affected relatives had motor coordination deficits; and they came from families in which probands also showed impaired motor coordination. By contrast, affected relatives without motor deficits came from dyslexia families where probands did not have motor deficits. Motor coordination deficits were more common and more severe among affected offspring in families where both parents were affected than among affected offspring in families where only one parent was affected. However, motor coordination deficits were also more common and more severe in affected parents when both parents were affected than among affected parents in families where only one parent was affected. We conclude that impaired temporal resolution in motor action identifies a behavioral phenotype in some subtypes of developmental dyslexia. The observed pattern of transmission for motor deficits and reading impairment in about half of dyslexia families was most congruent with a genetic model of dyslexia in which 2 codominant major genes cosegregate in dyslexia pedigrees where the proband is also motorically impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Wolff
- Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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50
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Casagrande M, Violani C, De Gennaro L, Braibanti P, Bertini M. Which hemisphere falls asleep first? Neuropsychologia 1995; 33:815-22. [PMID: 7477809 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3932(95)00004-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Behavioral tasks (reaction times to acoustic stimuli and finger tapping tasks) performed by normal subjects when sleepy or attempting to fall asleep have been used as indices of hemispheric asymmetries during the sleep onset period. Results show a stronger impairment of the left hemisphere (right hand) both in reacting to external stimuli and in sustaining endogenous motor programs. The left hemisphere seems to fall asleep earlier than the right hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Casagrande
- Dipartimento di Psicologia, Università di Roma, La Sapienza, Italy
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