1
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Wieder R. Fibroblasts as Turned Agents in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072014. [PMID: 37046676 PMCID: PMC10093070 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated epithelial cells reside in the homeostatic microenvironment of the native organ stroma. The stroma supports their normal function, their G0 differentiated state, and their expansion/contraction through the various stages of the life cycle and physiologic functions of the host. When malignant transformation begins, the microenvironment tries to suppress and eliminate the transformed cells, while cancer cells, in turn, try to resist these suppressive efforts. The tumor microenvironment encompasses a large variety of cell types recruited by the tumor to perform different functions, among which fibroblasts are the most abundant. The dynamics of the mutual relationship change as the sides undertake an epic battle for control of the other. In the process, the cancer “wounds” the microenvironment through a variety of mechanisms and attracts distant mesenchymal stem cells to change their function from one attempting to suppress the cancer, to one that supports its growth, survival, and metastasis. Analogous reciprocal interactions occur as well between disseminated cancer cells and the metastatic microenvironment, where the microenvironment attempts to eliminate cancer cells or suppress their proliferation. However, the altered microenvironmental cells acquire novel characteristics that support malignant progression. Investigations have attempted to use these traits as targets of novel therapeutic approaches.
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2
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Semenzato M, Zambello L, Fumarola S, Motta E, Piroli L, Scorrano L, Bean C. A Novel Benchtop Device for Efficient and Simple Purification of Cytokines, Growth Factors and Stem Cells from Adipose Tissue. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041006. [PMID: 37189624 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoaspirates represent a source of adult stem cells, cytokines, and growth factors of adipocyte origin with immunomodulation and regenerative medicine potential. However, rapid and simple protocols for their purification using self-contained devices that can be deployed at the points of care are lacking. Here, we characterize and benchmark a straightforward mechanical dissociation procedure to collect mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and soluble fractions from lipoaspirates. IStemRewind, a benchtop self-contained cell purification device, allowed a one-procedure purification of cells and soluble material from lipoaspirates with minimal manipulation. The recovered cellular fraction contained CD73+, CD90+, CD105+, CD10+ and CD13+ MSCs. These markers were comparably expressed on MSCs isolated using IstemRewind or classic enzymatic dissociation procedures, apart from CD73+ MSCs, which were even more abundant in IStemRewind isolates. IstemRewind-purified MSCs retained viability and differentiation into adipocytes and osteocytes, even after a freezing-thawing cycle. Levels of IL4, IL10, bFGF and VEGF were higher compared to the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL1β and IL6 in the IStemRewind-isolated liquid fraction. In sum, IStemRewind can be useful for straightforward, rapid, and efficient isolation of MSCs and immunomodulatory soluble factors from lipoaspirates, opening the possibility to directly isolate and employ them at the point-of-care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Semenzato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U.Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Ludovica Zambello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U.Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefania Fumarola
- InScientiaFides Foundation, Strada di Paderna, 2, 47895 San Marino, San Marino
| | | | - Luana Piroli
- InScientiaFides Foundation, Strada di Paderna, 2, 47895 San Marino, San Marino
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U.Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Camilla Bean
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Piazzale Kolbe 4, 33100 Udine, Italy
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3
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Cárdenas-León CG, Mäemets-Allas K, Kuuse K, Salazar-Olivo LA, Jaks V. Enhanced proliferative capacity of human preadipocytes achieved by an optimized cultivating method that induces transient activity of hTERT. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:455-461. [PMID: 32703451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are an important tool for basic and translational research. Large amounts of MSC are required for in vitro and in vivo studies, however, the limited life-span and differentiation ability in vitro hamper their optimal use. Here we report that 1:1 mixture of L15 and mTeSR1 culture media increased the life-span of IPI-SA3-C4, a normal non-immortalized human subcutaneous preadipocyte strain by 20% while retaining their adipogenic capacity and stable karyotype. The increased proliferative capacity was accompanied by increased expression of the stem markers POU5F1, SOX2, MYC and hTERT, and inhibition of hTERT activity abolished the growth advantage of L15-mTeSR1. Consequently, the described MSC culture would considerably enhance the utility of MSC for in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia G Cárdenas-León
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Kristina Mäemets-Allas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kati Kuuse
- Department of Clinical Genetics, United Laboratories, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Luis A Salazar-Olivo
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Estonia; Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.
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4
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Cárdenas-León CG, Montoya-Contreras A, Mäemets-Allas K, Jaks V, Salazar-Olivo LA. A human preadipocyte cell strain with multipotent differentiation capability as an in vitro model for adipogenesis. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2020; 56:399-411. [PMID: 32535758 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-020-00468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Murine 3T3 cell lines constitute a standard model system for in vitro study of mammalian adipogenesis although they do not faithfully reflect the biology of the human adipose cells. Several human adipose cell lines and strains have been used to recapitulate human adipogenesis in vitro, but to date there is no generally accepted in vitro model for human adipogenesis. We obtained a clonal strain of human subcutaneous adipose stromal cells, IPI-SA3-C4, and characterized its utility as an in vitro model for human subcutaneous adipogenesis. IPI-SA3-C4 cells showed a high proliferative potential for at least 30 serial passages, reached 70 cumulative population doublings and exhibited a population doubling time of 47 h and colony forming efficiency of 12% at the 57th cumulative population doublings. IPI-SA3-C4 cells remained diploid (46XY) even at the 56th cumulative population doublings and expressed the pluripotency markers POU5F1, NANOG, KLF4, and MYC even at 50th cumulative population doublings. Under specific culture conditions, IPI-SA3-C4 cells displayed cellular hallmarks and molecular markers of adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages and showed adipogenic capacity even at the 66th cumulative population doublings. These characteristics show IPI-SA3-C4 cells as a promising potential model for human subcutaneous adipogenesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia G Cárdenas-León
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Angélica Montoya-Contreras
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Kristina Mäemets-Allas
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Viljar Jaks
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Luis A Salazar-Olivo
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, 78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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5
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Schweizer R, Waldner M, Oksuz S, Zhang W, Komatsu C, Plock JA, Gorantla VS, Solari MG, Kokai L, Marra KG, Rubin JP. Evaluation of Porcine Versus Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Three Distinct Donor Locations for Cytotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:826. [PMID: 32435248 PMCID: PMC7218165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based cytotherapies fuel the hope for reduction of chronic systemic immunosuppression in allotransplantation, and our group has previously shown this capability for both swine and human cells. MSCs harvested from distinct anatomical locations may have different behavior and lead to different outcomes in both preclinical research and human trials. To provide an effective reference for cell therapy studies, we compared human and porcine MSCs from omental fat (O-ASC), subcutaneous fat (SC-ASC) and bone marrow (BM-MSC) under rapid culture expansion with endothelial growth medium (EGM). Methods: MSCs isolated from pigs and deceased human organ donors were compared for yield, viability, cell size, population doubling times (PDT), surface marker expression and differentiation potential after rapid expansion with EGM. Immunosuppressant toxicity on MSCs was investigated in vitro for four different standard immunosuppressive drugs. Immunomodulatory function was compared in mixed lymphocyte reaction assays (MLR) with/without immunosuppressive drug influence. Results: Human and porcine omental fat yielded significantly higher cell numbers than subcutaneous fat. Initial PDT was significantly shorter in ASCs than BM-MSCs and similar thereafter. Viability was reduced in BM-MSCs. Porcine MSCs were positive for CD29, CD44, CD90, while human MSCs expressed CD73, CD90 and CD105. All demonstrated confirmed adipogenic differentiation capacity. Cell sizes were comparable between groups and were slightly larger in human cells. Rapamycin revealed slight, mycophenolic acid strong and significant dose-dependent toxicity on viability/proliferation of almost all MSCs at therapeutic concentrations. No relevant toxicity was found for Tacrolimus and Cyclosporin A. Immunomodulatory function was dose-dependent and similar between groups. Immunosuppressants had no significant adverse effect on MSC immunomodulatory function. Discussion: MSCs from different harvest locations and donor species differ in terms of isolation yields, viability, PDT, and size. We did not detect relevant differences in immunomodulatory function with or without the presence of immunosuppressants. Human and pig O-ASC, SC-ASC and BM-MSC share similar immunomodulatory function in vitro and warrant confirmation in large animal studies. These findings should be considered in preclinical and clinical MSC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Schweizer
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Waldner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sinan Oksuz
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Gulhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Chiaki Komatsu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jan A Plock
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vijay S Gorantla
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mario G Solari
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lauren Kokai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kacey G Marra
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - J Peter Rubin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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6
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Leménager H, Fiévet LMA, Guilloton F, Naji A, Descamps JG, Chaput B, Suganuma N, Pagès JC, Sensebé L, Carrière A, Casteilla L, Deschaseaux F. Cell immaturity and white/beige adipocyte potential of primary human adipose-derived stromal cells are restrained by culture-medium TGFβ1. Stem Cells 2020; 38:782-796. [PMID: 32083764 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs) can differentiate into specialized cell types and thereby contribute to tissue regeneration. As such, hASCs have drawn increasing attention in cell therapy and regenerative medicine, not to mention the ease to isolate them from donors. Culture conditions are critical for expanding hASCs while maintaining optimal therapeutic capabilities. Here, we identified a role for transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) in culture medium in influencing the fate of hASCs during in vitro cell expansion. Human ASCs obtained after expansion in standard culture medium (Standard-hASCs) and in endothelial cell growth medium 2 (EGM2-hASCs) were characterized by high-throughput transcriptional studies, gene set enrichment analysis and functional properties. EGM2-hASCs exhibited enhanced multipotency capabilities and an immature phenotype compared with Standard-hASCs. Moreover, the adipogenic potential of EGM2-hASCs was enhanced, including toward beige adipogenesis, compared with Standard-hASCs. In these conditions, TGFβ1 acts as a critical factor affecting the immaturity and multipotency of Standard-hASCs, as suggested by small mother of decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) nuclear localization and phosphorylation in Standard-hASCs vs EGM2-hASCs. Finally, the typical priming of Standard-hASCs into osteoblast, chondroblast, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) lineages was counteracted by pharmacological inhibition of the TGFβ1 receptor, which allowed retention of SMAD3 into the cytoplasm and a decrease in expression of osteoblast and VSMC lineage markers. Overall, the TGFβ1 pathway appears critical in influencing the commitment of hASCs toward osteoblast, chondroblast, and VSMC lineages, thus reducing their adipogenic potential. These effects can be counteracted by using EGM2 culture medium or chemical inhibition of the TGFβ1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Leménager
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc M A Fiévet
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Fabien Guilloton
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Abderrahim Naji
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School (KMS), Kochi University, Nankoku City, Japan
| | - Jean-Gérard Descamps
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Benoît Chaput
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Narufumi Suganuma
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Cooperative Medicine Unit, Research and Education Faculty, Medicine Science Cluster, Kochi Medical School (KMS), Kochi University, Nankoku City, Japan
| | - Jean-Christophe Pagès
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Luc Sensebé
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Audrey Carrière
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Deschaseaux
- STROMALab, Etablissement Français du Sang-Occitanie (EFS), Inserm 1031, University of Toulouse, ERL5311 CNRS, National Veterinary School of Toulouse (ENVT), Toulouse, France
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7
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Murohara T. Therapeutic Angiogenesis with Somatic Stem Cell Transplantation. Korean Circ J 2020; 50:12-21. [PMID: 31854154 PMCID: PMC6923231 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2019.0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis is an important strategy to rescue ischemic tissues in patients with critical limb ischemia having no other treatment option such as endovascular angioplasty or bypass surgery. Studies indicated so far possibilities of therapeutic angiogenesis using autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells, CD34⁺ cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, adipose-derived stem/progenitor cells, and etc. Recent studies indicated that subcutaneous adipose tissue contains stem/progenitor cells that can give rise to several mesenchymal lineage cells. Moreover, these mesenchymal progenitor cells release a variety of angiogenic growth factors including vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1. Subcutaneous adipose tissues can be harvested by less invasive technique. These biological properties of adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) implicate that autologous subcutaneous adipose tissue would be a useful cell source for therapeutic angiogenesis in humans. In this review, I would like to discuss biological properties and future perspective of ADRCs-mediated therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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8
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Chapelin F, Khurana A, Moneeb M, Gray Hazard FK, Chan CFR, Nejadnik H, Gratzinger D, Messing S, Erdmann J, Gaur A, Daldrup-Link HE. Tumor Formation of Adult Stem Cell Transplants in Rodent Arthritic Joints. Mol Imaging Biol 2019; 21:95-104. [PMID: 29869062 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1218-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE While imaging matrix-associated stem cell transplants aimed for cartilage repair in a rodent arthritis model, we noticed that some transplants formed locally destructive tumors. The purpose of this study was to determine the cause for this tumor formation in order to avoid this complication for future transplants. PROCEDURES Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue were implanted into 24 osteochondral defects of the distal femur in ten athymic rats and two immunocompetent control rats. All transplants underwent serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) up to 6 weeks post-transplantation to monitor joint defect repair. Nine transplants showed an increasing size over time that caused local bone destruction (group 1), while 11 transplants in athymic rats (group 2) and 4 transplants in immunocompetent rats did not. We compared the ADSC implant size and growth rate on MR images, macroscopic features, histopathologic features, surface markers, and karyotypes of these presumed neoplastic transplants with non-neoplastic ADSC transplants. RESULTS Implants in group 1 showed a significantly increased two-dimensional area at week 2 (p = 0.0092), 4 (p = 0.003), and 6 (p = 0.0205) compared to week 0, as determined by MRI. Histopathological correlations confirmed neoplastic features in group 1 with significantly increased size, cellularity, mitoses, and cytological atypia compared to group 2. Six transplants in group 1 were identified as malignant chondrosarcomas and three transplants as fibromyxoid sarcomas. Transplants in group 2 and immunocompetent controls exhibited normal cartilage features. Both groups showed a normal ADSC phenotype; however, neoplastic ADSC demonstrated a mixed population of diploid and tetraploid cells without genetic imbalance. CONCLUSIONS ADSC transplants can form tumors in vivo. Preventive actions to avoid in vivo tumor formations may include karyotyping of culture-expanded ADSC before transplantation. In addition, serial imaging of ADSC transplants in vivo may enable early detection of abnormally proliferating cell transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Chapelin
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Rm 1665, Stanford, CA, 94305-5654, USA
| | - Aman Khurana
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Rm 1665, Stanford, CA, 94305-5654, USA
| | - Mohammad Moneeb
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Rm 1665, Stanford, CA, 94305-5654, USA
| | | | | | - Hossein Nejadnik
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Rm 1665, Stanford, CA, 94305-5654, USA
| | - Dita Gratzinger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Solomon Messing
- Department of Communication and Statistics, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jason Erdmann
- Department of Cytogenetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amitabh Gaur
- BD biosciences, Custom Technology Team, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Innovative Assay Solutions, San Diego, CA, 92129, USA
| | - Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, 725 Welch Rd, Rm 1665, Stanford, CA, 94305-5654, USA.
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9
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Pill K, Melke J, Mühleder S, Pultar M, Rohringer S, Priglinger E, Redl HR, Hofmann S, Holnthoner W. Microvascular Networks From Endothelial Cells and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Adipose Tissue and Bone Marrow: A Comparison. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:156. [PMID: 30410879 PMCID: PMC6209673 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A promising approach to overcome hypoxic conditions in tissue engineered constructs is to use the potential of endothelial cells (EC) to form networks in vitro when co-cultured with a supporting cell type in a 3D environment. Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASC) as well as bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC) have been shown to support vessel formation of EC in vitro, but only very few studies compared the angiogenic potential of both cell types using the same model. Here, we aimed at investigating the ability of ASC and BMSC to induce network formation of EC in a co-culture model in fibrin. While vascular structures of BMSC and EC remained stable over the course of 3 weeks, ASC-EC co-cultures developed more junctions and higher network density within the same time frame. Both co-cultures showed positive staining for neural glial antigen 2 (NG2) and basal lamina proteins. This indicates that vessels matured and were surrounded by perivascular cells as well as matrix molecules involved in stabilization. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant increase of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in ASC-EC co-culture compared to BMSC-EC co-culture. These observations were donor-independent and highlight the importance of organotypic cell sources for vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Pill
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Melke
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Severin Mühleder
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marianne Pultar
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabrina Rohringer
- Department of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eleni Priglinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz R Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Hofmann
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Wolfgang Holnthoner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Allbright KO, Bliley JM, Havis E, Kim D, Dibernardo GA, Grybowski D, Waldner M, James IB, Sivak WN, Rubin JP, Marra KG. Delivery of adipose‐derived stem cells in poloxamer hydrogel improves peripheral nerve regeneration. Muscle Nerve 2018; 58:251-260. [DOI: 10.1002/mus.26094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra O. Allbright
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh3550 Terrace Street 6B, Scaife Hall Pittsburgh Pennsylvania15261 USA
| | - Jacqueline M. Bliley
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh3550 Terrace Street 6B, Scaife Hall Pittsburgh Pennsylvania15261 USA
| | - Emmanuelle Havis
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh3550 Terrace Street 6B, Scaife Hall Pittsburgh Pennsylvania15261 USA
| | - Deok‐Yeol Kim
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh3550 Terrace Street 6B, Scaife Hall Pittsburgh Pennsylvania15261 USA
| | - Gabriella A. Dibernardo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh3550 Terrace Street 6B, Scaife Hall Pittsburgh Pennsylvania15261 USA
| | - Damian Grybowski
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh3550 Terrace Street 6B, Scaife Hall Pittsburgh Pennsylvania15261 USA
| | - Matthias Waldner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh3550 Terrace Street 6B, Scaife Hall Pittsburgh Pennsylvania15261 USA
| | - Isaac B. James
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh3550 Terrace Street 6B, Scaife Hall Pittsburgh Pennsylvania15261 USA
| | - Wesley N. Sivak
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh3550 Terrace Street 6B, Scaife Hall Pittsburgh Pennsylvania15261 USA
| | - J. Peter Rubin
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh3550 Terrace Street 6B, Scaife Hall Pittsburgh Pennsylvania15261 USA
| | - Kacey G. Marra
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh3550 Terrace Street 6B, Scaife Hall Pittsburgh Pennsylvania15261 USA
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11
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Pre-culture in endothelial growth medium enhances the angiogenic properties of adipose-derived stem/stromal cells. Angiogenesis 2017; 21:15-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s10456-017-9579-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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12
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van Dongen JA, Tuin AJ, Spiekman M, Jansma J, van der Lei B, Harmsen MC. Comparison of intraoperative procedures for isolation of clinical grade stromal vascular fraction for regenerative purposes: a systematic review. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e261-e274. [PMID: 28084666 DOI: 10.1002/term.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Intraoperative application of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue requires a fast and efficient isolation procedure of adipose tissue. This review was performed to systematically assess and compare procedures currently used for the intraoperative isolation of cellular SVF (cSVF) and tissue SVF (tSVF) that still contain the extracellular matrix. Pubmed, EMBASE and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials databases were searched for studies that compare procedures for intraoperative isolation of SVF (searched 28 September 2016). Outcomes of interest were cell yield, viability of cells, composition of SVF, duration, cost and procedure characteristics. Procedures were subdivided into procedures resulting in a cSVF or tSVF. Thirteen out of 3038 studies, evaluating 18 intraoperative isolation procedures, were considered eligible. In general, cSVF and tSVF intraoperative isolation procedures had similar cell yield, cell viability and SVF composition compared to a nonintraoperative (i.e. culture laboratory-based collagenase protocol) control group within the same studies. The majority of intraoperative isolation procedures are less time consuming than nonintraoperative control groups, however. Intraoperative isolation procedures are less time-consuming than nonintraoperative control groups with similar cell yield, viability of cells and composition of SVF, and therefore more suitable for use in the clinic. Nevertheless, none of the intraoperative isolation procedures could be designated as the preferred procedure to isolate SVF. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris A van Dongen
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A Jorien Tuin
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Maroesjka Spiekman
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Jansma
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Berend van der Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.,Bergman Clinics, locations Heerenveen, Zwolle and Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin C Harmsen
- Department of Pathology & Medical Biology, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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13
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Purification and differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by membrane filtration and membrane migration methods. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40069. [PMID: 28071738 PMCID: PMC5223180 DOI: 10.1038/srep40069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are easily isolated from fat tissue without ethical concerns, but differ in purity, pluripotency, differentiation ability, and stem cell marker expression, depending on the isolation method. We isolated hADSCs from a primary fat tissue solution using: (1) conventional culture, (2) a membrane filtration method, (3) a membrane migration method where the primary cell solution was permeated through membranes, adhered hADSCs were cultured, and hADSCs migrated out from the membranes. Expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers and pluripotency genes, and osteogenic differentiation were compared for hADSCs isolated by different methods using nylon mesh filter membranes with pore sizes ranging from 11 to 80 μm. hADSCs isolated by the membrane migration method had the highest MSC surface marker expression and efficient differentiation into osteoblasts. Osteogenic differentiation ability of hADSCs and MSC surface marker expression were correlated, but osteogenic differentiation ability and pluripotent gene expression were not.
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14
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Bajek A, Gurtowska N, Olkowska J, Maj M, Kaźmierski Ł, Bodnar M, Marszałek A, Dębski R, Drewa T. Does the Harvesting Technique Affect the Properties of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells?-The Comparative Biological Characterization. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1097-1107. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bajek
- Department of Tissue Engineering; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Karlowicza Str 24 85-092 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Natalia Gurtowska
- Department of Tissue Engineering; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Karlowicza Str 24 85-092 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Joanna Olkowska
- Department of Tissue Engineering; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Karlowicza Str 24 85-092 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Małgorzata Maj
- Department of Tissue Engineering; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Karlowicza Str 24 85-092 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Łukasz Kaźmierski
- Department of Tissue Engineering; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Karlowicza Str 24 85-092 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str 9 85-094 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str 9 85-094 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Robert Dębski
- Department of Experimental Oncology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; M. Sklodowskiej-Curie Str 9 85-094 Bydgoszcz Poland
| | - Tomasz Drewa
- Department of Urology; Nicolaus Copernicus Hospital; Batorego Str 17-19 87-100 Toruń Poland
- Department of Urology; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Sklodowskiej Str 9 85-090 Bydgoszcz Poland
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15
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Lim J, Park EK. Effect of fibroblast growth factor-2 and retinoic acid on lineage commitment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2016; 13:47-56. [PMID: 30603384 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-9102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effect of a combination of fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and retinoic acid (RA) on osteoblast and adipocyte lineage commitment and differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Pretreatment of human BMSCs with FGF-2 or RA for 5 days followed by osteoblast differentiation induction showed high calcium deposition compared to control. A combination of FGF-2 and RA further induced calcium deposition compared to FGF-2 or RA alone. The enhanced mineral deposition was accompanied with the increased expression of osteoblast differentiation markers, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. On the other hand, FGF-2 pretreatment followed by adipocyte differentiation induction also showed increased formation of lipid droplets in human BMSCs, whereas RA pretreatment suppressed formation of lipid droplets. However, a combination of FGF-2 and RA increased formation of lipid droplets and expression of adipocyte marker genes, including adiponectin, ADIPOQ, FABP4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and C/EBPα. During pretreatment of BMSCs with FGF-2, RA or in combination, the cells expressed similar levels of MSC surface markers such as CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD105, indicating that they maintain stem cell potential. To determine how RA cooperates with FGF-2 in osteoblast and adipocyte lineage commitment, the expression of RA receptors and intracellular lipid-binding proteins was examined. A combination of FGF-2 and RA strongly induced the expression of RA receptor α, β, γ, PPAR β/δ, CRABP-II, and FABP5. Collectively, these results demonstrate that combined pretreatment of human BMSCs with FGF-2 and RA enhances the commitment into osteoblast and adipocyte lineages through modulation of the expression of RA-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Lim
- 1Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.,2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Eui Kyun Park
- 1Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, IHBR, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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16
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Oberbauer E, Steffenhagen C, Wurzer C, Gabriel C, Redl H, Wolbank S. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic isolation systems for adipose tissue-derived cells: current state of the art. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2015; 4:7. [PMID: 26435835 PMCID: PMC4591586 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-015-0020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, adipose tissue became a highly interesting source of adult stem cells for plastic surgery and regenerative medicine. The isolated stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous cell population including the adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC), which showed regenerative potential in several clinical studies and trials. SVF should be provided in a safe and reproducible manner in accordance with current good manufacturing practices (cGMP). To ensure highest possible safety for patients, a precisely defined procedure with a high-quality control is required. Hence, an increasing number of adipose tissue-derived cell isolation systems have been developed. These systems aim for a closed, sterile, and safe isolation process limiting donor variations, risk for contaminations, and unpredictability of the cell material. To isolate SVF from adipose tissue, enzymes such as collagenase are used. Alternatively, in order to avoid enzymes, isolation systems using physical forces are available. Here, we provide an overview of known existing enzymatic and non-enzymatic adipose tissue-derived cell isolation systems, which are patented, published, or already on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Oberbauer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carolin Steffenhagen
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Wurzer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Gabriel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Wolbank
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Koroleva A, Deiwick A, Nguyen A, Schlie-Wolter S, Narayan R, Timashev P, Popov V, Bagratashvili V, Chichkov B. Osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in 3-D Zr-Si organic-inorganic scaffolds produced by two-photon polymerization technique. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118164. [PMID: 25706270 PMCID: PMC4338222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is applied for the fabrication of 3-D Zr-Si scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Zr-Si scaffolds with 150, 200, and 250 μm pore sizes are seeded with human bone marrow stem cells (hBMSCs) and human adipose tissue derived stem cells (hASCs) and cultured in osteoinductive and control media for three weeks. Osteogenic differentiation of hASCs and hBMSCs and formation of bone matrix is comparatively analyzed via alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), calcium quantification, osteocalcin staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is observed that the 150 μm pore size Zr-Si scaffolds support the strongest matrix mineralization, as confirmed by calcium deposition. Analysis of ALP activity, osteocalcin staining and SEM observations of matrix mineralization reveal that mesenchymal stem cells cultured on 3-D scaffolds without osteogenic stimulation spontaneously differentiate towards osteogenic lineage. Nanoindentation measurements show that aging of the 2PP-produced Zr-Si scaffolds in aqueous or alcohol media results in an increase in the scaffold Young's modulus and hardness. Moreover, accelerated formation of bone matrix by hASCs is noted, when cultured on the scaffolds with lower Young's moduli and hardness values (non aged scaffolds) compared to the cells cultured on scaffolds with higher Young's modulus and hardness values (aged scaffolds). Presented results support the potential application of Zr-Si scaffolds for autologous bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Deiwick
- Nanotechnology Department of Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexander Nguyen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | | | - Roger Narayan
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute of Laser and Information Technologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Popov
- Institute of Laser and Information Technologies, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Boris Chichkov
- Nanotechnology Department of Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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18
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Cogle CR. Response to letter regarding article, "a detailed analysis of bone marrow from patients with ischemic heart disease and left ventricular dysfunction: BM CD34, CD11b and clonogenic capacity as biomarkers for clinical outcomes". Circ Res 2014; 115:e36-7. [PMID: 25477487 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.305422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Cogle
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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19
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Aguilar E, Bagó JR, Soler-Botija C, Alieva M, Rigola MA, Fuster C, Vila OF, Rubio N, Blanco J. Fast-proliferating adipose tissue mesenchymal-stromal-like cells for therapy. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:2908-20. [PMID: 25019281 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells, whether from the bone marrow or adipose tissue (hASCs), are promising cell therapy agents. However, generation of abundant cells for therapy remains to be a challenge, due to the need of lengthy expansion and the risk of accumulating genomic defects during the process. We show that hASCs can be easily induced to a reversible fast-proliferating phenotype (FP-ASCs) that allows rapid generation of a clinically useful quantity of cells in <2 weeks of culture. Expanded FP-ASCs retain their finite expansion capacity and pluripotent properties. Despite the high proliferation rate, FP-ASCs show genomic stability by array-comparative genomic hybridization, and did not generate tumors when implanted for a long time in an SCID mouse model. Comparative analysis of gene expression patterns revealed a set of genes that can be used to characterize FP-ASCs and distinguish them from hASCs. As potential candidate therapeutic agents, FP-ASCs displayed high vasculogenic capacity in Matrigel assays. Moreover, application of hASCs and FP-ASCs in a fibrin scaffold over a myocardium infarct model in SCID mice showed that both cell types can differentiate to endothelial and myocardium lineages, although FP-ASCs were more potent angiogenesis inducers than hASCs, at promoting myocardium revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Aguilar
- 1 Human DNA Variability Department, GENYO-Centre for Genomic and Oncological Research (Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government) , PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
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20
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Naderi N, Wilde C, Haque T, Francis W, Seifalian AM, Thornton CA, Xia Z, Whitaker IS. Adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells in 3-dimensional spheroid cultures (microtissue): Implications for the reconstructive surgeon. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014; 67:1726-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2014.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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21
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Montelatici E, Baluce B, Ragni E, Lavazza C, Parazzi V, Mazzola R, Cantarella G, Brambilla M, Giordano R, Lazzari L. Defining the identity of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 93:74-82. [PMID: 25472894 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) are an ideal population for regenerative medical application. Both the isolation procedure and the culturing conditions are crucial steps, since low yield can limit further cell therapies, especially when minimal adipose tissue harvests are available for cell expansion. To date, a standardized procedure encompassing both isolation sites and expansion methods is missing, thus making the choice of the most appropriate conditions for the preparation of ADMSCs controversial, especially in view of the different applications needed. In this study, we compared the effects of three different commercial media (DMEM, aMEM, and EGM2), routinely used for ADMSCs expansion, and two supplements, FBS and human platelet lysate, recently proven to be an effective alternative to prevent xenogeneic antibody transfer and immune alloresponse in the host. Notably, all the conditions resulted in being safe for ADMSCs isolation and expansion with platelet lysate supplementation giving the highest isolation and proliferation rates, together with a commitment for osteogenic lineage. Then, we proved that the high ADMSC hematopoietic supportive potential is performed through a constant and abundant secretion of both GCSF and SCF. In conclusion, this study further expands the knowledge on ADMSCs, defining their identity definition and offers potential options for in vitro protocols for clinical production, especially related to HSC expansion without use of exogenous cytokines or genetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Montelatici
- a Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milano, Italy
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22
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Marolt D, Rode M, Kregar-Velikonja N, Jeras M, Knezevic M. Primary human alveolar bone cells isolated from tissue samples acquired at periodontal surgeries exhibit sustained proliferation and retain osteogenic phenotype during in vitro expansion. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92969. [PMID: 24667745 PMCID: PMC3965505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone tissue regeneration requires a source of viable, proliferative cells with osteogenic differentiation capacity. Periodontal surgeries represent an opportunity to procure small amounts of autologous tissues for primary cell isolation. Our objective was to assess the potential of human alveolar bone as a source of autologous osteogenic cells for tissue engineering and biomaterials and drug testing studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alveolar bone tissue was obtained from 37 patients undergoing routine periodontal surgery. Tissue harvesting and cell isolation procedures were optimized to isolate viable cells. Primary cells were subcultured and characterized with respect to their growth characteristics, gene expression of osteogenic markers, alkaline phosphatase activity and matrix mineralization, under osteogenic stimulation. RESULTS Alveolar bone cells were successfully isolated from 28 of the 30 samples harvested with bone forceps, and from 2 of the 5 samples obtained by bone drilling. The yield of cells in primary cultures was variable between the individual samples, but was not related to the site of tissue harvesting and the patient age. In 80% of samples (n = 5), the primary cells proliferated steadily for eight subsequent passages, reaching cumulative numbers over 10(10) cells. Analyses confirmed stable gene expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin in early and late cell passages. In osteogenic medium, the cells from late passages increased alkaline phosphatase activity and accumulated mineralized matrix, indicating a mature osteoblastic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS Primary alveolar bone cells exhibited robust proliferation and retained osteogenic phenotype during in vitro expansion, suggesting that they can be used as an autologous cell source for bone regenerative therapies and various in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Marolt
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Educell d.o.o., Trzin, Slovenia
- * E-mail:
| | - Matjaz Rode
- Community Health Center, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Matjaz Jeras
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Celica d.o.o. Biomedical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miomir Knezevic
- Blood Transfusion Center of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Educell d.o.o., Trzin, Slovenia
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23
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Fabrication and evaluation of growth factor-immobilized injectable microspheres for the soft tissue augmentation. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13770-013-1126-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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24
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Bekhite MM, Finkensieper A, Rebhan J, Huse S, Schultze-Mosgau S, Figulla HR, Sauer H, Wartenberg M. Hypoxia, Leptin, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Stimulate Vascular Endothelial Cell Differentiation of Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:333-51. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Bekhite
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Andreas Finkensieper
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Jennifer Rebhan
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Huse
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Schultze-Mosgau
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery and Plastic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Hans-Reiner Figulla
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Maria Wartenberg
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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25
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Russo V, Yu C, Belliveau P, Hamilton A, Flynn LE. Comparison of human adipose-derived stem cells isolated from subcutaneous, omental, and intrathoracic adipose tissue depots for regenerative applications. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 3:206-17. [PMID: 24361924 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an abundant source of multipotent progenitor cells that have shown promise in regenerative medicine. In humans, fat is primarily distributed in the subcutaneous and visceral depots, which have varying biochemical and functional properties. In most studies to date, subcutaneous adipose tissue has been investigated as the adipose-derived stem cell (ASC) source. In this study, we sought to develop a broader understanding of the influence of specific adipose tissue depots on the isolated ASC populations through a systematic comparison of donor-matched abdominal subcutaneous fat and omentum, and donor-matched pericardial adipose tissue and thymic remnant samples. We found depot-dependent and donor-dependent variability in the yield, viability, immunophenotype, clonogenic potential, doubling time, and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacities of the ASC populations. More specifically, ASCs isolated from both intrathoracic depots had a longer average doubling time and a significantly higher proportion of CD34(+) cells at passage 2, as compared with cells isolated from subcutaneous fat or the omentum. Furthermore, ASCs from subcutaneous and pericardial adipose tissue demonstrated enhanced adipogenic differentiation capacity, whereas ASCs isolated from the omentum displayed the highest levels of osteogenic markers in culture. Through cell culture analysis under hypoxic (5% O(2)) conditions, oxygen tension was shown to be a key mediator of colony-forming unit-fibroblast number and osteogenesis for all depots. Overall, our results suggest that depot selection is an important factor to consider when applying ASCs in tissue-specific cell-based regenerative therapies, and also highlight pericardial adipose tissue as a potential new ASC source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Russo
- Departments of Chemical Engineering and Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Human Mobility Research Centre and Department of Surgery, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Reza AMMT, Shiwani S, Singh NK, Lohakare JD, Lee SJ, Jeong DK, Han JY, Rengaraj D, Lee BW. Keratinocyte growth factor and thiazolidinediones and linolenic acid differentiate characterized mammary fat pad adipose stem cells isolated from prepubertal Korean black goat to epithelial and adipogenic lineage. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:194-206. [PMID: 24101555 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to know and investigate the mechanism involved during mesenchymal to epithelial transition to unravel questions related to mammary gland development in prepubertal Korean black goat. We, therefore, biopsied mammary fat pad and isolated adipose cells and characterized with stemness factors (CD34, CD13, CD44, CD106, and vimentin) immunologically and through their genetic expression. Furthermore, characterized cells were differentiated to adipogenic (thiazolidinediones and α-linolenic acid) and epithelial (keratinocyte growth factor) lineages. Thiazolidinediones/or in combination with α-linolenic acid demonstrated significant upregulation of adipo-Q, PPAR-γ, CEBP-α, LPL, and resistin. Adipose stem cells in induction mixture (5 μg/ml insulin, 1 μg/ml hydrocortisone, and 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor) and subsequent treatment with 10 ng/ml keratinocyte growth factor revealed their trans-differentiating ability to epithelial lineage. From 2 d onwards, the cells under keratinocyte growth factor influenced cells to assume rectangular (2-4 d) to cuboidal (8-10 d) shapes. Ayoub-Shklar stain developed brownish-red pigment in the transformed cells. Though, expressions of K8 and K18 were noted to be highly significant (p < 0.01) but expressions of epithelial membrane antigens and epithelial specific antigens were also significant (p < 0.05) compared to 0 d. Conclusively, epithelial transformations of mammary adipose stem cells would add up knowledge to develop therapeutic regimen to deal with mammary tissue injury and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M M T Reza
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Harada Y, Yamamoto Y, Tsujimoto S, Matsugami H, Yoshida A, Hisatome I. Transplantation of freshly isolated adipose tissue-derived regenerative cells enhances angiogenesis in a murine model of hind limb ischemia. Biomed Res 2013; 34:23-9. [PMID: 23428977 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.34.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis has emerged as one of the most promising therapies for severe ischemic cardiovascular diseases with no optional therapy. Several investigators have reported that transplantation of cultured adipose-derived regenerative cells (cADRCs) to ischemic tissues promotes neovascularization and blood perfusion recovery; however, cell therapy using cultured cells has several restrictions. To resolve this problem, the angiogenic capacity of freshly isolated ADRCs (fADRCs) obtained from Lewis rats was compared with cADRCs, both in vivo and in vitro. Flow cytometric analysis showed that fADRCs contained several cell types such as endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial cells; however, these cells were present in a very small proportion in cADRCs. Transplantation of fADRCs in mice significantly improved blood perfusion, capillary density, and production of several angiogenic factors in transplanted ischemic limbs compared with a saline-injected group, whereas these effects were not observed in the cADRCs-injected group. fADRCs also showed significantly higher expression levels of angiogenic factors than cADRCs in the in vitro study. Furthermore, fADRC stimulated tube formation more remarkably than cADRC in an in vitro tube formation assay. These results suggested that fADRCs have an effective angiogenic capacity, and they would be more valuable as a source for cell-based therapeutic angiogenesis than cADRCs or other stem/progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Harada
- Division of Regenerative Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Genetic Medicine and Regenerative Therapeutics, Tottori University Graduate School of Medical Science, 36-1 Nishi-machi, Yonago 683-8540, Japan
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Lin CS, Ning H, Lin G, Lue TF. Is CD34 truly a negative marker for mesenchymal stromal cells? Cytotherapy 2013; 14:1159-63. [PMID: 23066784 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.729817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The prevailing school of thought is that mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) do not express CD34, and this sets MSC apart from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC), which do express CD34. However, the evidence for MSC being CD34(-) is largely based on cultured MSC, not tissue-resident MSC, and the existence of CD34(-) HSC is in fact well documented. Furthermore, the Stro-1 antibody, which has been used extensively for the identification/isolation of MSC, was generated by using CD34(+) bone marrow cells as immunogen. Thus, neither MSC being CD34(-) nor HSC being CD34(+) is entirely correct. In particular, two studies that analyzed CD34 expression in uncultured human bone marrow nucleated cells found that MSC (BMSC) existed in the CD34(+) fraction. Several studies have also found that freshly isolated adipose-derived MSC (ADSC) express CD34. In addition, all of these ADSC studies and several other MSC studies have observed a disappearance of CD34 expression when the cells are propagated in culture. Thus the available evidence points to CD34 being expressed in tissue-resident MSC, and its negative finding being a consequence of cell culturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shwun Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California , San Francisco, California 94143 – 0738, USA.
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Chua KH, Raduan F, Wan Safwani WKZ, Manzor NFM, Pingguan-Murphy B, Sathapan S. Effects of serum reduction and VEGF supplementation on angiogenic potential of human adipose stromal cells in vitro. Cell Prolif 2013; 46:300-11. [PMID: 23672290 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated effects of reduced serum condition and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on angiogenic potential of adipose stromal cells (ASCs) in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adipose stromal cells were cultured in three different types of medium: (i) F12/DMEM (FD) supplemented with 10% FBS from passage 0 (P0) to P6; (ii) FD supplemented with 2% FBS at P6; and (iii) FD supplemented with 2% FBS plus 50 ng/ml of VEGF at P6. Morphological changes and growth rate of ASCs were recorded. Changes in stemness, angiogenic and endogenic genes' expressions were analysed using Real-Time PCR. RESULTS Adipose stromal cells changed from fibroblast-like shape when cultured in 10% FBS medium to polygonal when cultured in 2% FBS plus VEGF-supplemented medium. Their growth rate was lower in 2% FBS medium, but increased with addition of VEGF. Real-Time PCR showed that ASCs maintained most of their stemness and angiogenic genes' expression in 10% FBS at P1, P5 and P6, but this increased significantly in 2% FBS at P6. Endogenic genes expression such as PECAM-1, VE chaderin and VEGFR-2 decreased after serial passage in 10% FBS, but increased significantly at P6 in 2% FBS. Addition of VEGF did not cause any significant change in gene expression level. CONCLUSION Adipose stromal cells had greater angiogenic potential when cultured in reduced serum conditions. VEGF did not enhance their angiogenic potential in 2% FBS-supplemented medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Chua
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
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Diban N, Haimi S, Bolhuis-Versteeg L, Teixeira S, Miettinen S, Poot A, Grijpma D, Stamatialis D. Hollow fibers of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) and poly(ε-caprolactone) blends for vascular tissue engineering applications. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:6450-8. [PMID: 23318815 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
At present the manufacture of small-diameter blood vessels is one of the main challenges in the field of vascular tissue engineering. Currently available vascular grafts rapidly fail due to development of intimal hyperplasia and thrombus formation. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) hollow fiber (HF) membranes have previously been proposed for this application, but as we show in the present work, they have an inhibiting effect on cell proliferation and rather poor mechanical properties. To overcome this we prepared HF membranes via phase inversion using blends of PLGA with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). The influence of polymer composition on the HF physicochemical properties (topography, water transport and mechanical properties) and cell attachment and proliferation were studied. Our results show that only the ratio PCL/PLGA of 85/15 (PCL/PLGA85/15) yielded a miscible blend after processing. A higher PLGA concentration in the blend led to immiscible PCL/PLGA phase-separated HFs with an inhomogeneous morphology and variation in the cell culture results. In fact, the PCL/PLGA85/15 blend, which had the most homogeneous morphology and suitable pore structure, showed better human adipose stem cell (hASC) attachment and proliferation compared with the homopolymers. This, combined with the good mechanical and transport properties, makes them potentially useful for the development of small-caliber vascular grafts.
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Yuan Y, Gao J, Liu L, Lu F. Role of adipose-derived stem cells in enhancing angiogenesis early after aspirated fat transplantation: induction or differentiation? Cell Biol Int 2013; 37:547-50. [PMID: 23404492 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yuan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515; China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515; China
| | - Linqi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515; China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University; Guangzhou 510515; China
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Santos TC, Morton TJ, Moritz M, Pfeifer S, Reise K, Marques AP, Castro AG, Reis RL, van Griensven M. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Incorporation in Starch-Based Bone Tissue-Engineered Constructs Promote theIn VivoExpression of Neovascularization Mediators. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:834-48. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tírcia C. Santos
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS-3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana J. Morton
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Moritz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Pfeifer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Reise
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra P. Marques
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS-3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António G. Castro
- ICVS-3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal
- ICVS-3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Institute for Experimental Trauma Surgery, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Growth Characteristics of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells During Long Time Culture Regulated by Cyclin A and Cyclin D1. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168:2230-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Correia C, Grayson W, Eton R, Gimble JM, Sousa RA, Reis RL, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Human adipose-derived cells can serve as a single-cell source for the in vitro cultivation of vascularized bone grafts. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:629-39. [PMID: 22903929 DOI: 10.1002/term.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Orthopaedic surgery often requires bone grafts to correct large defects resulting from congenital defects, surgery or trauma. Great improvements have been made in the tissue engineering of bone grafts. However, these grafts lack the vascularized component that is critical for their survival and function. From a clinical perspective, it would be ideal to engineer vascularized bone grafts starting from one single-cell harvest obtained from the patient. To this end, we explored the potential of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hASCs) as a single-cell source for osteogenic and endothelial differentiation and the assembly of bone and vascular compartments within the same scaffold. hASCs were encapsulated in fibrin hydrogel as an angioinductive material for vascular formation, combined with a porous silk fibroin sponge to support osteogenesis, and subjected to sequential application of growth factors. Three strategies were evaluated by changing spatiotemporal cues: (a) induction of osteogenesis prior to vasculogenesis; (b) induction of vasculogenesis prior to osteogenesis; or (c) simultaneous induction of osteogenesis and vasculogenesis. By 5 weeks of culture, bone-like tissue development was evidenced by the deposition of bone matrix proteins, alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium deposition, along with the formation of vascular networks, evidenced by endothelial cell surface markers, such as CD31 and von Willebrand factor, and morphometric analysis. Most robust development of the two tissue compartments was achieved by sequential induction of osteogenesis followed by the induction of vasculogenesis. Taken together, the collected data strongly support the utility of hASCs as a single-cell source for the formation of vascularized bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Correia
- 3Bs Research Group, Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3Bs-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, USA
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Hutton DL, Logsdon EA, Moore EM, Mac Gabhann F, Gimble JM, Grayson WL. Vascular morphogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells is mediated by heterotypic cell-cell interactions. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:1729-40. [PMID: 22462659 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are a promising cell source for vascular-based approaches to clinical therapeutics, as they have been shown to give rise to both endothelial and perivascular cells. While it is well known that ASCs can present a heterogeneous phenotypic profile, spontaneous interactions among these subpopulations that result in the formation of complex tissue structures have not been rigorously demonstrated. Our study reports the novel finding that ASCs grown in monolayers in the presence of angiogenic cues are capable of self-assembling into complex, three-dimensional vascular structures. This phenomenon is only apparent when the ASCs are seeded at a high density (20,000 cells/cm(2)) and occur through orchestrated interactions among three distinct subpopulations: CD31-positive cells (CD31+), α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells (αSMA+), and cells that are unstained for both these markers (CD31-/αSMA-). Investigations into the kinetics of the process revealed that endothelial vessel-like structures initially arose from individual CD31+ cells through proliferation and their interactions with CD31-/αSMA- cells. During this period, αSMA+ cells proliferated and appeared to migrate toward the vessel structures, eventually engaging in cell-cell contact with them after 1 week. By 2 weeks, the lumen-containing CD31+ vessels grew greater than a millimeter in length, were lined with vascular basement membrane proteins, and were encased within a dense, three-dimensional cluster of αSMA+ and CD31-/αSMA- cells. The recruitment of αSMA+ cells was largely due to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling, as the inhibition of PDGF receptors substantially reduced αSMA+ cell growth and vessel coverage. Additionally, we found that while hypoxia increased endothelial gene expression and vessel width, it also inhibited the growth of the αSMA+ population. Together, these findings underscore the potential use of ASCs in forming mature vessels in vitro as well as the need for a further understanding of the heterotypic interactions among ASC subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne L Hutton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Van Der Veen VC, Vlig M, Van Milligen FJ, De Vries SI, Middelkoop E, Ulrich MMW. Stem Cells in Burn Eschar. Cell Transplant 2012; 21:933-42. [DOI: 10.3727/096368911x600993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compares mesenchymal cells isolated from excised burn wound eschar with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and dermal fibroblasts in their ability to conform to the requirements for multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A population of multipotent stem cells in burn eschar could be an interesting resource for tissue engineering approaches to heal burn wounds. Cells from burn eschar, dermis, and adipose tissue were assessed for relevant CD marker profiles using flow cytometry and for their trilineage differentiation ability in adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic conditions. Although the different cell types did not differ significantly in their CD marker expression, the eschar-derived cells and ASCs readily differentiated into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes, while dermal fibroblasts only exhibited some chondrogenic potential. We conclude that the eschar-derived mesenchymal cells represent a population of multipotent stem cells. The origin of the cells from burn eschar remains unclear, but it is likely they represent a population of adult stem cells mobilized from other parts of the body in response to the burn injury. Their resemblance to ASCs could also be cause for speculation that in deep burns the subcutaneous adipose tissue might be an important stem cell source for the healing wound.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcel Vlig
- Association of Dutch Burn Centers, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Esther Middelkoop
- Association of Dutch Burn Centers, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magda M. W. Ulrich
- Association of Dutch Burn Centers, Beverwijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Baer PC, Geiger H. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells: tissue localization, characterization, and heterogeneity. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:812693. [PMID: 22577397 PMCID: PMC3345279 DOI: 10.1155/2012/812693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue as a stem cell source is ubiquitously available and has several advantages compared to other sources. It is easily accessible in large quantities with minimal invasive harvesting procedure, and isolation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (ASCs) yields a high amount of stem cells, which is essential for stem-cell-based therapies and tissue engineering. Several studies have provided evidence that ASCs in situ reside in a perivascular niche, whereas the exact localization of ASCs in native adipose tissue is still under debate. ASCs are isolated by their capacity to adhere to plastic. Nevertheless, recent isolation and culture techniques lack standardization. Cultured cells are characterized by their expression of characteristic markers and their capacity to differentiate into cells from meso-, ecto-, and entodermal lineages. ASCs possess a high plasticity and differentiate into various cell types, including adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, hepatocytes, neural cells, and endothelial and epithelial cells. Nevertheless, recent studies suggest that ASCs are a heterogeneous mixture of cells containing subpopulations of stem and more committed progenitor cells. This paper summarizes and discusses the current knowledge of the tissue localization of ASCs in situ, their characterization and heterogeneity in vitro, and the lack of standardization in isolation and culture methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C. Baer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Helmut Geiger
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Yang S, Pilgaard L, Chase LG, Boucher S, Vemuri MC, Fink T, Zachar V. Defined xenogeneic-free and hypoxic environment provides superior conditions for long-term expansion of human adipose-derived stem cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2012; 18:593-602. [PMID: 22364177 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Development and implementation of therapeutic protocols based on stem cells or tissue-engineered products relies on methods that enable the production of substantial numbers of cells while complying with stringent quality and safety demands. In the current study, we aimed to assess the benefits of maintaining cultures of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in a defined culture system devoid of xenogeneic components (xeno-free) and hypoxia over a 49-day growth period. Our data provide evidence that conditions involving StemPro mesenchymal stem cells serum-free medium (SFM) Xeno-Free and hypoxia (5% oxygen concentration) in the culture atmosphere provide a superior proliferation rate compared to a standard growth environment comprised of alpha-modified Eagle medium (A-MEM) supplemented with fetal calf serum (FCS) and ambient air (20% oxygen concentration) or that of A-MEM supplemented with FCS and hypoxia. Furthermore, a flow cytometric analysis and in vitro differentiation assays confirmed the immunophenotype stability and maintained multipotency of ASCs when expanded under xeno-free conditions and hypoxia. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that growth conditions utilizing a xeno-free and hypoxic environment not only provide an improved environment for the expansion of ASCs, but also set the stage as a culture system with the potential broad spectrum utility for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Yang
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Gruber HE, Somayaji S, Riley F, Hoelscher GL, Norton HJ, Ingram J, Hanley EN. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: serial passaging, doubling time and cell senescence. Biotech Histochem 2012; 87:303-11. [DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2011.649785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Josh F, Kobe K, Tobita M, Tanaka R, Suzuki K, Ono K, Hyakusoku H, Mizuno H. Accelerated and Safe Proliferation of Human Adipose-derived Stem Cells in Medium Supplemented with Human Serum. J NIPPON MED SCH 2012; 79:444-52. [DOI: 10.1272/jnms.79.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fonny Josh
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Kyoko Kobe
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nippon Medical School
| | - Morikuni Tobita
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Rica Tanaka
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Koji Suzuki
- R&D Central Research Laboratory, JMS Co. Ltd
| | - Kasumi Ono
- R&D Central Research Laboratory, JMS Co. Ltd
| | - Hiko Hyakusoku
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nippon Medical School
| | - Hiroshi Mizuno
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Juntendo University School of Medicine
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nippon Medical School
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Klopp AH, Zhang Y, Solley T, Amaya-Manzanares F, Marini F, Andreeff M, Debeb B, Woodward W, Schmandt R, Broaddus R, Lu K, Kolonin MG. Omental adipose tissue-derived stromal cells promote vascularization and growth of endometrial tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 18:771-82. [PMID: 22167410 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adipose tissue contains a population of tumor-tropic mesenchymal progenitors, termed adipose stromal cells (ASC), which engraft in neighboring tumors to form supportive tumor stroma. We hypothesized that intra-abdominal visceral adipose tissue may contain a uniquely tumor-promoting population of ASC to account for the relationship between excess visceral adipose tissue and mortality of intra-abdominal cancers. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To investigate this, we isolated and characterized ASC from intra-abdominal omental adipose tissue (O-ASC) and characterized their effects on endometrial cancer progression as compared with subcutaneous adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (SC-ASC), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC), and lung fibroblasts. To model chronic recruitment of ASC by tumors, cells were injected metronomically into mice bearing Hec1a xenografts. RESULTS O-ASC expressed cell surface markers characteristic of BM-MSC and differentiated into mesenchymal lineages. Coculture with O-ASC increased endometrial cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Tumor tropism of O-ASC and SC-ASC for human Hec1a endometrial tumor xenografts was comparable, but O-ASC more potently promoted tumor growth. Compared with tumors in SC-ASC-injected mice, tumors in O-ASC-injected mice contained higher numbers of large tortuous desmin-positive blood vessels, which correlated with decreased central tumor necrosis and increased tumor cell proliferation. O-ASC exhibited enhanced motility as compared with SC-ASC in response to Hec1a-secreted factors. CONCLUSIONS Visceral adipose tissue contains a population of multipotent MSCs that promote endometrial tumor growth more potently than MSCs from subcutaneous adipose tissue. We propose that O-ASCs recruited to tumors express specific factors that enhance tumor vascularization, promoting survival and proliferation of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann H Klopp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Baer PC. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Their Potential to Differentiate into the Epithelial Lineage. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:1805-16. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C. Baer
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Goethe-University, Frankfurt/M, Germany
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Peterbauer-Scherb A, Danzer M, Gabriel C, van Griensven M, Redl H, Wolbank S. In vitro adipogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells in 3D fibrin matrix of low component concentration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 6:434-42. [DOI: 10.1002/term.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Singer NG, Caplan AI. Mesenchymal stem cells: mechanisms of inflammation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2011; 6:457-78. [PMID: 21073342 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathol-011110-130230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 611] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In adults, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are found in vivo at low frequency and are defined by their capacity to differentiate into bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue, depending on the stimuli and culture conditions under which they are expanded. Although MSCs were initially hypothesized to be the panacea for regenerating tissues, MSCs appear to be more important in therapeutics to regulate the immune response invoked in settings such as tissue injury, transplantation, and autoimmunity. MSCs have been used therapeutically in clinical trials and subsequently in practice to treat graft-versus-host disease following bone marrow transplantation. Reports of successful immune modulation suggest efficacy in a wide range of autoimmune conditions, such as demyelinating neurological disease (multiple sclerosis), systemic lupus erythematosus, and Crohn's disease, among others. This review provides background information about hMSCs and also describes their putative mechanisms of action in inflammation. We provide a summary of ongoing clinical trials to allow (a) full comprehension of the range of diseases in which hMSC therapy may be beneficial and (b) identification of gaps in our knowledge about the mechanisms of action of therapeutic MSCs in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora G Singer
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44109, USA.
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Regulation of human adipose-derived stromal cell osteogenic differentiation by insulin-like growth factor-1 and platelet-derived growth factor-α. Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 127:1022-1023. [PMID: 21285848 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e318200ad65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Gruber HE, Deepe R, Hoelscher GL, Ingram JA, Norton HJ, Scannell B, Loeffler BJ, Zinchenko N, Hanley EN, Tapp H. Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: direction to a phenotype sharing similarities with the disc, gene expression profiling, and coculture with human annulus cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:2843-60. [PMID: 20408770 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologic therapies for disc degeneration hold great promise as an emerging concept. Due to ease of harvest and abundance, adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSC) are a readily available cell source for such therapies. Our objectives in this study were (1) to develop/validate methods to harvest AD-MSC and direct them to a disc-like phenotype by three-dimensional (3D) culture and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta3 exposure, (2) to assess cell phenotypes with gene expression profiling for these human AD-MSC and annulus cells, and (3) to test whether disc cell-AD-MSC coculture could augment glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production. When AD-MSC were exposed to TGF-beta3, greater extracellular matrix was formed containing types I and II collagen, keratan sulfate, and decorin. Biochemical GAG measurement showed that production was significantly greater in TGF-beta3-treated AD-MSC in 3D culture versus untreated controls (p < 0.05). Gene expression patterns in AD-MSC were compared to annulus cells; 4424 genes were significantly upregulated, and 2290 genes downregulated. Coculture resulted in a 44% greater GAG content compared with AD-MSC or annulus culture alone (p = 0.04). Data indicated that human AD-MSC can successfully be manipulated in 3D culture to express gene products important in the disc, and that coculture of annulus cells with AD-MSC enhances total GAG production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E Gruber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, North Carolina 28232, USA.
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Hildner F, Peterbauer A, Wolbank S, Nürnberger S, Marlovits S, Redl H, van Griensven M, Gabriel C. FGF-2 abolishes the chondrogenic effect of combined BMP-6 and TGF-beta in human adipose derived stem cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2010; 94:978-87. [PMID: 20730935 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the influence of transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-beta3), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) on chondrogenesis in adipose derived stem cells (ASC). Cells were isolated from liposuction material, expanded and subjected to chondrogenic differentiation. Micromass pellets were cultured in chondrogenic medium containing 10 ng/mL TGF-beta3 which was additionally supplemented with 10 ng/mL BMP-6, 10 ng/mL FGF-2 or a combination of both. We quantitatively evaluated the cartilage specific gene expression after 14 days of culture. The end point measurements on day 35 included glycosaminoglycan (GAG) quantification, histological staining for chondrogenic markers, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In comparison to cultures induced with TGF-beta3/FGF-2, the presence of TGF-beta3/BMP-6 demonstrated strong induction of collagen type II, collagen type IX and aggrecan mRNA expression. This was corroborated by quantification and histological staining for GAGs and immunohistological staining for collagen II. However, when a combination of BMP-6 and FGF-2 in addition to TGF-beta3 was added, FGF-2 counteracted BMP-6, as indicated by reduced marker gene expression and weak to absent staining for GAGs. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that BMP-6 combined with TGF-beta3 is a potent inducer of chondrogenesis in human ASC. In contrast, FGF-2 does not contribute to differentiation, but rather suppresses the chondrogenic potential of BMP-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Hildner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, AUVA Research Center, Linz/Vienna, Austria
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Hareendran S, Sathishkumar S, Abbas S, Mackay AM, Rajan P. A novel composition for the culture of human adipose stem cells which includes complement C3. Cytotechnology 2010; 62:389-402. [PMID: 20835846 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-010-9301-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an easily accessible and abundant source of stem cells. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) are currently being researched as treatment options for repair and regeneration of damaged tissues. The standard culture conditions used for expansion of ASCs contain fetal bovine serum (FBS) which is undefined, could transmit known and unknown adventitious agents, and may cause adverse immune reactions. We have described a novel culture condition which excludes the use of FBS and characterised the resulting culture. Human ASCs were cultured in the novel culture medium, which included complement protein C3. These cultures, called C-ASCs, were compared with ASCs cultured in medium supplemented with FBS. Analysis of ASCs for surface marker profile, proliferation characteristics and differentiation potential indicated that the C-ASCs were similar to ASCs cultured in medium containing FBS. Using a specific inhibitor, we show that C3 is required for the survival of C-ASCs. This novel composition lends itself to being developed into a defined condition for the routine culture of ASCs for basic and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Hareendran
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Christian Medical College, Bagayam, Vellore, 632002, India
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Yang JA, Chung HM, Won CH, Sung JH. Potential application of adipose-derived stem cells and their secretory factors to skin: discussion from both clinical and industrial viewpoints. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:495-503. [PMID: 20218919 DOI: 10.1517/14712591003610598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD Adipose tissue is one of the richest sources of mesenchymal stem cells. Even more interesting is the fact that adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) show an outstanding ability to regenerate damaged skin. Thus, ASCs are a popular and feasible treatment in clinical dermatology. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW This review discusses the potential applications of ASCs and conditioned medium of ASC (ASC-CM) to skin, and briefly touches on the mechanisms by which ASCs promote skin regeneration. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN Clinically, processed lipo-aspirated (PLA) cells are commonly used for treatment of aged skin; however, the use of PLA cells for cosmetic purposes is not convenient, because PLA cells are prepared from patients. Alternatively, cosmetics that contain ASC-CM can be pre-made from healthy volunteers such that they are immediately available for clinical treatment of aged skin. Cell-based therapies are adequate for improvement of wrinkles or for soft tissue augmentation, whereas ASC-CM has merit for amelioration of skin tone. When culturing ASCs for the production of cosmetic raw materials, hypoxic culture conditions and transduction of specific genes into ASCs may increase the regenerative protein content of the conditioned medium. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Application of ASCs and ASC-CM to dermatology shows promising results for skin regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Yang
- CHA Stem Cell Institute, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kato H, Suga H, Eto H, Araki J, Aoi N, Doi K, Iida T, Tabata Y, Yoshimura K. Reversible Adipose Tissue Enlargement Induced by External Tissue Suspension: Possible Contribution of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in the Preservation of Enlarged Tissue. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 16:2029-40. [PMID: 20109059 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2009.0551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harunosuke Kato
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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