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Henry E, Charalambous E, Betsou F, Mathieson W. Implementing routine monitoring for nuclease contamination of equipment and consumables into the quality Management system of a laboratory. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24603. [PMID: 38298678 PMCID: PMC10828063 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleases are ubiquitous in the environment, present in biospecimens and widely used in many laboratory processes. However, in the wrong context, as contaminants, they have catastrophic potential because of their ability to rapidly degrade nucleic acids whilst retaining high resilience to inactivation. Although laboratories undertake rigorous precautions to prevent nuclease contamination, such measures are not infallible. In 2015, we devised and integrated a novel routine nuclease testing regimen into our Quality Management System that uses cleavable, fluorescent DNA and RNA substrates to detect, monitor and control for nuclease contamination in our laboratory processes, equipment and consumables. The testing regimen enables us to identify higher-risk activities, design our laboratory workflows such that risk is minimized and help fulfil our obligations in respect of ISO 20387:2018 General Requirements for Biobanking and ISO 17025 Testing and Calibrations Laboratory standards, both of which stipulate that environmental conditions in our laboratory must be monitored with defined quality control criteria. In seventeen rounds of testing (30 Test Items per round), 1.1 % of RNase tests and 0.2 % of DNase tests returned elevated nuclease levels (≥2.90 x 10-9 U RNase or 1.67 x 10-3 U DNase) and we were able to take remedial action. In no instance was an elevated nuclease level consequential in terms of an impact on sample quality. We present our protocols, results and observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Henry
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange, L-3555, Luxembourg
| | | | - Fay Betsou
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange, L-3555, Luxembourg
| | - William Mathieson
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg, 1 rue Louis Rech, Dudelange, L-3555, Luxembourg
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2
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Gokarn A, Tembhare PR, Syed H, Sanyal I, Kumar R, Parab S, Khanka T, Punatar S, Kedia S, Ghogale SG, Deshpande N, Nikam Y, Girase K, Mirgh S, Jindal N, Bagal B, Chichra A, Nayak L, Bonda A, Rath S, Hiregoudar S, Poojary M, Saha S, Ojha S, Subramanian PG, Khattry N. Long-Term Cryopreservation of Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Harvest Using Low Concentration (4.35%) Dimethyl Sulfoxide with Methyl Cellulose and Uncontrolled Rate Freezing at -80 °C: An Effective Option in Resource-Limited Settings. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:777.e1-777.e8. [PMID: 37678607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2023.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Long-term cryopreservation of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) is highly useful in the setting of tandem/multiple transplantations or treatment of relapse in the autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) setting. Even in allogeneic HSCT, donor lymphocyte infusions may be stored for months to years if excess stem cells are collected from donors. Cryopreservation is a delicate, complex, and costly procedure, and higher concentrations of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a commonly used cryoprotectant, can be toxic to cells and cause adverse effects in the recipient during infusions. In this study, we examined the effect of long-term cryopreservation using 4.35% DMSO (as final concentration) with methyl cellulose and uncontrolled rate freezing in a mechanical freezer (-80 °C) on the viability and colony-forming ability of CD34+ human PBSCs. For patients undergoing autologous HSCT, PBSCs were cryopreserved using DMSO (final concentration of 4.35%) with methyl cellulose. The post-thaw viability of PBSCs was determined using Trypan blue exclusion and flow cytometry-based 7-amino-actinomycin-D (FC-7AAD) methods. Concentrations of CD34+ stem cells and immune cell subsets in post-thaw PBSC harvest samples were assessed using multicolor flow cytometry, and the clonogenic potential of post-thaw stem cells was studied using a colony-forming unit (CFU) assay. CD34+ stem cell levels were correlated with the prestorage CD34 levels using the Pearson correlation test. The viability results in the Trypan blue dye exclusion method and the flow cytometry-based method were compared using Bland-Altman plots. We studied 26 PBSC harvest samples with a median cryopreservation duration of 6.6 years (range, 3.8 to 11.5 years). The median viability of post-thaw PBSCs was >80% using both methods, with a weak agreement between them (r = .03; P = .5). The median CD34+ stem cell count in the post-thaw samples was 9.13 × 106/kg (range, .44 to 26.27 × 106/kg). The CFU assay yielded a good proliferation and differentiation potential in post-thaw PBSCs, with a weak correlation between granulocyte macrophage CFU and CD34+ stem cell levels (r = .4; P = .05). Two samples that had been cryopreserved for >8 years showed low viability. Cryopreservation of PBSCs using 4.35% DMSO with methyl cellulose and uncontrolled freezing in a mechanical freezer at -80 °C allows the maintenance of long-term viability of PBSC for up to 8 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anant Gokarn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Prashant R Tembhare
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Hasan Syed
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Hasan Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Isha Sanyal
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Hasan Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sarika Parab
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Twinkle Khanka
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sachin Punatar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Shweta Kedia
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sitaram G Ghogale
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Deshpande
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Yuvraj Nikam
- Hasan Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Karishma Girase
- Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sumeet Mirgh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Nishant Jindal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Bhausaheb Bagal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Akanksha Chichra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Lingaraj Nayak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Avinash Bonda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sushmita Rath
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sumathi Hiregoudar
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Minal Poojary
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Suryatapa Saha
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Shashank Ojha
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Department of Transfusion Medicine, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Papagudi G Subramanian
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India; Hematopathology Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Navin Khattry
- Department of Medical Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research, and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Center, Navi Mumbai, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
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Jouhara H, Chauhan A, Guichet V, Delpech B, Abdelkarem MA, Olabi A, Trembley J. Low-temperature heat transfer mediums for cryogenic applications. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Akbar NAN, Noor NHM, Hasan MN, Abdullah AD, Husin A. FACTORS INFLUENCING POST- CRYOPRESERVED CD34+ CELLS VIABILITY IN THE HARVESTED PRODUCTS OF AUTOLOGOUS HAEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS. Transfus Clin Biol 2022; 29:224-230. [PMID: 35476963 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The cryopreservation process of stem cells potentially cause the loss of CD34+ cells. The aim of this study is to evaluate association of patient, graft and technical characteristics with post cryopreserved CD34+ cells viability among lymphoproliferative disease namely multiple myeloma (MM) and lymphoma patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). This retrospective study was conducted in the Transplant Unit. A search of the hospital data (2008-2018) to identify 132 patients for both MM and lymphoma who underwent autologous peripheral blood haematopoietic stem cells (APBSC) mobilisation, and were successfully harvested and cryopreserved. Selected patients' profile as well as selected parameters of stem cell mobilization and cryopreservation were obtained from laboratory information system (LIS), record unit and the Transplant Unit. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) was used to find significant associated factors and p <0.05 was considered significant. The mean age of the patients was 39 years old with almost equal gender distribution and majority were lymphoma patients, 96 (72.7%) while 36 (27.3%) were multiple myeloma (MM) patients. The significant influencing factors of post-cryopreserved CD34+ cells viability were pre-cryopreserved CD34+ cell viability, total nucleated cells (TNC), and anti-platelet and antibiotics usage. Patients who are not on anti-platelet and have higher pre-cryopreserved CD34+ cells viability have higher chance for good post-cryopreserved CD34+ cells viability. While, those patients with higher TNC and on antibiotics have lower chance for good post cryopreserved CD34+ cells viability. This study showed patients who are not on anti-platelet and antibiotics will have higher probability of achieving good post cryopreserved CD34+ cells viability. The APBSC products with higher pre-cryopreserved CD34+ cells viability and lower TNC will achieve better post-cryopreserved CD34+ cells viability. The addition of extra plasma to the APBSC products is recommended to reduce the TNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Asyikin Nizam Akbar
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Haematology department, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Noor Haslina Mohd Noor
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Haematology department, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Nazri Hasan
- Transfusion Medicine Unit, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; Haematology department, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Abu Dzar Abdullah
- Internal Medicine Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlan Husin
- Internal Medicine Unit, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Capelli C, Frigerio S, Lisini D, Nava S, Gaipa G, Belotti D, Cabiati B, Budelli S, Lazzari L, Bagnarino J, Tanzi M, Comoli P, Perico N, Introna M, Golay J. A comprehensive report of long-term stability data for a range ATMPs: A need to develop guidelines for safe and harmonized stability studies. Cytotherapy 2022; 24:544-556. [PMID: 35177338 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are novel drugs based on genes, cells or tissues developed to treat many different diseases. Stability studies of each new ATMP need to be performed to define its shelf life and guarantee efficacy and safety upon infusion, and these are presently based on guidelines originally drafted for standard pharmaceutical drugs, which have properties and are stored in conditions quite different from cell products. The aim of this report is to provide evidence-based information for stability studies on ATMPs that will facilitate the interlaboratory harmonization of practices in this area. METHODS We have collected and analyzed the results of stability studies on 19 different cell-based experimental ATMPs, produced by five authorized cell factories forming the Lombardy "Plagencell network" for use in 36 approved phase I/II clinical trials; most were cryopreserved and stored in liquid nitrogen vapors for 1 to 13 years. RESULTS The cell attributes collected in stability studies included cell viability, immunophenotype and potency assays, in particular immunosuppression, cytotoxicity, cytokine release and proliferation/differentiation capacity. Microbiological attributes including sterility, endotoxin levels and mycoplasma contamination were also analyzed. All drug products (DPs), cryopreserved in various excipients containing 10% DMSO and in different primary containers, were very stable long term at <-150°C and did not show any tendency for diminished viability or efficacy for up to 13.5 years. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that new guidelines for stability studies, specific for ATMPs and based on risk analyses, should be drafted to harmonize practices, significantly reduce the costs of stability studies without diminishing safety. Some specific suggestions are presented in the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Capelli
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Simona Frigerio
- Cell Therapy Production Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Lisini
- Cell Therapy Production Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Nava
- Cell Therapy Production Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gaipa
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy Stefano Verri, ASST Monza Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniela Belotti
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy Stefano Verri, ASST Monza Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cabiati
- Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy Stefano Verri, ASST Monza Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Budelli
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy
| | - Jessica Bagnarino
- UOSD Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Tanzi
- UOSD Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Comoli
- UOSD Cell Factory, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Norberto Perico
- Aldo & Cele Daccò Clinical Research Center for Rare Diseases, Istituto Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Martino Introna
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Josée Golay
- Center of Cellular Therapy "G. Lanzani", ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Fondazione per la Ricerca Ospedale di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
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Haider P, Hoberstorfer T, Salzmann M, Fischer MB, Speidl WS, Wojta J, Hohensinner PJ. Quantitative and Functional Assessment of the Influence of Routinely Used Cryopreservation Media on Mononuclear Leukocytes for Medical Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031881. [PMID: 35163803 PMCID: PMC8837123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative and functional analysis of mononuclear leukocyte populations is an invaluable tool to understand the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of a disease. Cryopreservation of mononuclear cells (MNCs) is routinely used to guarantee similar experimental conditions. Immune cells react differently to cryopreservation, and populations and functions of immune cells change during the process of freeze–thawing. To allow for a setup that preserves cell number and function optimally, we tested four different cryopreservation media. MNCs from 15 human individuals were analyzed. Before freezing and after thawing, the distribution of leukocytes was quantified by flow cytometry. Cultured cells were stimulated using lipopolysaccharide, and their immune response was quantified by flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ultimately, the performance of the cryopreservation media was ranked. Cell recovery and viability were different between the media. Cryopreservation led to changes in the relative number of monocytes, T cells, B cells, and their subsets. The inflammatory response of MNCs was altered by cryopreservation, enhancing the basal production of inflammatory cytokines. Different cryopreservation media induce biases, which needs to be considered when designing a study relying on cryopreservation. Here, we provide an overview of four different cryopreservation media for choosing the optimal medium for a specific task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Haider
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.H.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (W.S.S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Timothy Hoberstorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.H.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Manuel Salzmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.H.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (W.S.S.)
| | - Michael B. Fischer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Walter S. Speidl
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.H.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (W.S.S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Johann Wojta
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.H.); (T.H.); (M.S.); (W.S.S.)
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40400-73500
| | - Philipp J. Hohensinner
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Center for Biomedical Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Baust JM, Snyder KK, Van Buskirk RG, Baust JG. Assessment of the Impact of Post-Thaw Stress Pathway Modulation on Cell Recovery following Cryopreservation in a Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020278. [PMID: 35053394 PMCID: PMC8773610 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The development and use of complex cell-based products in clinical and discovery science continues to grow at an unprecedented pace. To this end, cryopreservation plays a critical role, serving as an enabling process, providing on-demand access to biological material, facilitating large scale production, storage, and distribution of living materials. Despite serving a critical role and substantial improvements over the last several decades, cryopreservation often remains a bottleneck impacting numerous areas including cell therapy, tissue engineering, and tissue banking. Studies have illustrated the impact and benefit of controlling cryopreservation-induced delayed-onset cell death (CIDOCD) through various “front end” strategies, such as specialized media, new cryoprotective agents, and molecular control during cryopreservation. While proving highly successful, a substantial level of cell death and loss of cell function remains associated with cryopreservation. Recently, we focused on developing technologies (RevitalICE™) designed to reduce the impact of CIDOCD through buffering the cell stress response during the post-thaw recovery phase in an effort to improve the recovery of previously cryopreserved samples. In this study, we investigated the impact of modulating apoptotic caspase activation, oxidative stress, unfolded protein response, and free radical damage in the initial 24 h post-thaw on overall cell survival. Human hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro cryopreserved in both traditional extracellular-type and intracellular-type cryopreservation freeze media were utilized as a model cell system to assess impact on survival. Our findings demonstrated that through the modulation of several of these pathways, improvements in cell recovery were obtained, regardless of the freeze media and dimethyl sulfoxide concentration utilized. Specifically, through the use of oxidative stress inhibitors, an average increase of 20% in overall viability was observed. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that by using the post-thaw recovery reagent on samples cryopreserved in intracellular-type media (Unisol™), improvements in overall cell survival approaching 80% of non-frozen controls were attained. While improvements in overall survival were obtained, an assessment on the impact of specific cell subpopulations and functionality remains to be completed. While work remains, these results represent an important step forward in the development of improved cryopreservation processes for use in discovery science, and commercial and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Baust
- CPSI Biotech, 2 Court St., Owego, NY 13827, USA; (K.K.S.); (R.G.V.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(607)-687-8701
| | - Kristi K. Snyder
- CPSI Biotech, 2 Court St., Owego, NY 13827, USA; (K.K.S.); (R.G.V.B.)
| | - Robert G. Van Buskirk
- CPSI Biotech, 2 Court St., Owego, NY 13827, USA; (K.K.S.); (R.G.V.B.)
- Center for Translational Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
| | - John G. Baust
- Center for Translational Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, 4400 Vestal Parkway East, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA
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8
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Guerreiro BM, Silva JC, Torres CAV, Alves VD, Lima JC, Reis MAM, Freitas F. Development of a Cryoprotective Formula Based on the Fucose-Containing Polysaccharide FucoPol. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4800-4808. [PMID: 35007029 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the performance of the polysaccharide FucoPol as an enhancer of cryoprotective formulations. FucoPol at a concentration of 0.25% (w/v) was added to several normothermic Dulbecco-derived solutions and hypothermic Euro-Collins, Custodiol-HTK, and Unisol-CV media, substituting some constituents in the latter class to develop FucoPol-based formulations that were tested for their ability to cryopreserve Vero cells. Supplementation yielded post-thaw cell recovery enhancements of at least 70% and averaged at 82%. The FucoPol-supplemented formulations Dulbecco(+)+FP and Unisol-CVS3 achieved cell viabilities capable of competing with the commercial cryogenic formula CryoStor CS5. Particularly in Unisol-CVS3, mannitol, glucose, gluconate, and dextran were all substituted by 0.25% FucoPol, and still, a similar viability was achieved. Multiparametric correlation clustering showed that FucoPol cryoprotection synergizes best with K+, Ca2+, and Cl- in its microenvironment. Component substitution analysis demonstrated that FucoPol acts consistently as a cryoprotectant, an impermeant, and a colloidal stabilizer, providing a combined alternative to glucose, mannitol, gluconate, and dextran, thus highlighting its potential in the development of high-performing cryoprotective formulas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Guerreiro
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal.,CENIMAT/I3N, Physics Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Jorge C Silva
- CENIMAT/I3N, Physics Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Cristiana A V Torres
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Vítor D Alves
- LEAF - Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, Lisboa 1349-017, Portugal
| | - João C Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Maria A M Reis
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, NOVA School of Sciences and Technology, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
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9
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Braudeau C, Salabert-Le Guen N, Chevreuil J, Rimbert M, Martin JC, Josien R. An easy and reliable whole blood freezing method for flow cytometry immuno-phenotyping and functional analyses. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2021; 100:652-665. [PMID: 33544978 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune profiling by flow cytometry is not always possible on fresh blood samples due to time and/or transport constraints. Furthermore, the cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) requires on-site specialized lab facilities, thus severely restricting the extent to which blood immune monitoring can be applied to multicenter clinical studies. These major limitations can be addressed through the development of simplified whole blood freezing methods. METHODS In this report, we describe an optimized easy protocol for rapid whole blood freezing with the CryoStor® CS10 solution. Using flow cytometry, we compared cellular viability and composition on cryopreserved whole blood samples to matched fresh blood, as well as fresh and frozen PBMC. RESULTS Though partial loss of neutrophils was observed, leucocyte viability was routinely >75% and we verified the preservation of viable T cells, NK cells, monocytes, dendritic cells, and eosinophils in frequencies similar to those observed in fresh samples. A moderate decrease in B cell frequencies was observed. Importantly, we validated the possibility to analyze major intracellular markers, such as FOXP3 and Helios in regulatory T cells. Finally, we demonstrated good functional preservation of CS10-cryopreserved cells through the analysis of intracellular cytokine production in ex vivo stimulated T cells (IFNg, IL-4, IL-17A,) and monocytes (IL-1b, IL-6, TNFa). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our protocol provides a robust method to apply reliable immune monitoring studies to cryopreserved whole blood samples, hence offering new important opportunities for the design of future multicenter clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecile Braudeau
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CIMNA, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Nina Salabert-Le Guen
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CIMNA, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Justine Chevreuil
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CIMNA, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Rimbert
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CIMNA, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Jerome C Martin
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CIMNA, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Regis Josien
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CIMNA, LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Nantes Université, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
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10
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Mirizio E, Tabib T, Wang X, Chen W, Liu C, Lafyatis R, Jacobe H, Torok KS. Single-cell transcriptome conservation in a comparative analysis of fresh and cryopreserved human skin tissue: pilot in localized scleroderma. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:263. [PMID: 33168063 PMCID: PMC7654179 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to assess variability in cell composition and cell-specific gene expression in the skin of patients with localized scleroderma (LS) utilizing CryoStor® CS10 in comparison to RPMI to produce adequate preservation of tissue samples and cell types of interest for use in large-scale multi-institutional collaborations studying localized scleroderma and other skin disorders. Methods We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on paired skin biopsy specimens from 3 patients with LS. Each patient with one sample cryopreserved in CryoStor® CS10 and one fresh in RPMI media using 10× Genomics sequencing. Results Levels of cell viability and yield were comparable between CryoStor® CS10 (frozen) and RPMI (fresh) preserved cells. Furthermore, gene expression between preservation methods was collectively significantly correlated and conserved across all 18 identified cell cluster populations. Conclusion Comparable cell population and transcript expression yields between CryoStor® CS10 and RPMI preserved cells support the utilization of cryopreserved skin tissue in single-cell analysis. This suggests that employing standardized cryopreservation protocols for the skin tissue will help facilitate multi-site collaborations looking to identify mechanisms of disease in disorders characterized by cutaneous pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Mirizio
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tracy Tabib
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinjun Wang
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Liu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Heidi Jacobe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn S Torok
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh Faculty Pavilion, 3rd floor, Office 3117 4401 Penn Avenue, PA, 15237, Pittsburgh, USA.
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11
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Valyi-Nagy K, Betsou F, Susma A, Valyi-Nagy T. Optimization of Viable Glioblastoma Cryopreservation for Establishment of Primary Tumor Cell Cultures. Biopreserv Biobank 2020; 19:60-66. [PMID: 33107762 PMCID: PMC7892309 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2020.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Technologies related to the establishment of primary tumor cell cultures from solid tumors, including glioblastoma, are increasingly important to oncology research and practice. However, processing of fresh tumor specimens for establishment of primary cultures on the day of surgical collection is logistically difficult. The feasibility of viable cryopreservation of glioblastoma specimens, allowing for primary culture establishment weeks to months after surgical tumor collection and freezing, was demonstrated by Mullins et al. in 2013, with a success rate of 59% that was not significantly lower than that achieved with fresh tumor tissue. However, research targeting optimization of viable glioblastoma cryopreservation protocols for establishment of primary tumor cultures has been limited. Objectives: The objective of this study was to optimize glioblastoma cryopreservation methods for viable cryobanking and to determine if two-dimensional (2D) or three-dimensional (3D) culture conditions were more supportive of glioblastoma growth after thawing of frozen tumor specimens. Methods: Portions of eight human glioblastoma specimens were cryopreserved by four different protocols differing in the time of enzymatic digestion (before or after cryopreservation), and in the type of cryopreservation media (CryoStor CS10 or 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and 90% fetal calf serum). After 1 month, frozen tissues were thawed, enzymatically digested, if not digested before, and used for initiation of 2D or 3D primary tumor cultures to determine viability. Results: Among the tested cryopreservation and culturing protocols, the most efficient combinations of cryopreservation and culture were those associated with the use of CryoStor CS10 cryopreservation medium, enzymatic digestion before freezing, and 2D culturing after thawing with a successful culture rate of 8 out of 8 cases (100%). Two-dimensional cultures were in general more efficient for the support of tumor cell growth after thawing than 3D cultures. Conclusions: This study supports development of evidence-based viable glioblastoma cryopreservation methods for use in glioblastoma biobanking and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Valyi-Nagy
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,ISBER Biospecimen Science Working Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fay Betsou
- ISBER Biospecimen Science Working Group, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg, Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Alexandru Susma
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Tibor Valyi-Nagy
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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12
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Vawda R, Badner A, Hong J, Mikhail M, Dragas R, Xhima K, Jose A, Fehlings MG. Harnessing the Secretome of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury: Multicell Comparison and Assessment of In Vivo Efficacy. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1429-1443. [PMID: 32962528 PMCID: PMC7703247 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy offers significant promise for traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), which despite many medical advances, has limited treatment strategies. Able to address the multifactorial and dynamic pathophysiology of SCI, cells present various advantages over standard pharmacological approaches. However, the use of live cells is also severely hampered by logistical and practical considerations. These include specialized equipment and expertise, standardization of cell stocks, sustained cell viability post-thawing, and cryopreservation-induced delayed-onset cell death. For this reason, we suggest a novel and clinically translatable alternative to live-cell systemic infusion, which retains the efficacy of the latter while overcoming many of its limitations. This strategy involves the administration of concentrated cell secretome and exploits the trophic mechanism by which stromal cells function. In this study, we compare the efficacy of intravenously delivered concentrated conditioned media (CM) from human umbilical cord matrix cells (HUCMCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells, as well as newborn and adult fibroblasts in a rat model of moderately severe cervical clip compression/contusion injury (C7--T1, 35 g). This is further paired with a thorough profile of the CM cytokines, chemokines, and angiogenic factors. The HUCMC-derived CM was most effective at limiting acute (48 h post-SCI) vascular pathology, specifically lesion volume, and functional vascularity. Principle component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering, and interaction analysis of proteins highly expressed in the HUCMC secretome suggest involvement of the MAPK/ERK, JAK/STAT, and immune cell migratory pathways. This "secretotherapeutic" strategy represents a novel and minimally invasive method to target multiple organ systems and several pathologies shortly after traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reaz Vawda
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Badner
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - James Hong
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mirriam Mikhail
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rachel Dragas
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kristiana Xhima
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alejandro Jose
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Department of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, School of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Spinal Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
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13
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Trummer T, Fox R, Koç JR, de Lima M, Otegbeye F. Cryopreservation of hematopoietic cells using a pre-constituted, protein-free cryopreservative solution with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:613-616. [PMID: 32600975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Adequate cryopreservation techniques are critical to ensure optimal recovery of functional progenitor cells in hematopoietic cell (HC) transplantation, minimize risk of contamination and prevent infusion-related adverse events (irAEs). In this article, we provide graft function and infusion safety results observed by decreasing the concentration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in cryopreservative media and by minimizing processor-dependent formulation. METHODS Ten HC products, collected after standard mobilization of multiple myeloma patients, were cryopreserved with PRIME-XV FreezIS (FreezIS) and compared with products previously cryopreserved with media formulated in-house to achieve a final DMSO concentration of 10% (Std10) and 5% (Std5). At infusion, HCs were analyzed for recovery of CD34+ cells and viability; irAEs and time to engraftment of neutrophils and platelets were also monitored. RESULTS Median CD34+ cell recovery for HC cryopreserved with Std10, Std5 and FreezIS was 38%, 78% and 68%, respectively (P = 0.0002). There were less frequent irAEs with Std5 and FreezIS (10%) compared with Std10 (80%) (P ≤ 0.0001). Median time to neutrophil engraftment was comparable (11 days) for all three groups, while platelet engraftment occurred at a median of 20, 19 and 17 days, respectively (p-values not significant). CONCLUSIONS FreezIS, a Good Manufacturing Practice-grade, pre-constituted cryopreservative with low DMSO content, maintains functional viability of the HC product while reducing the incidence of irAEs compared with 10% DMSO solutions. The pre-constituted nature of this agent also decreases processor-dependent handling, hence decreasing the risk of variability and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabatha Trummer
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert Fox
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jane Reese Koç
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marcos de Lima
- University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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14
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He A, Powell S, Kyle M, Rose M, Masmila E, Estrada V, Sicklick JK, Molinolo A, Kaushal S. Cryopreservation of Viable Human Tissues: Renewable Resource for Viable Tissue, Cell Lines, and Organoid Development. Biopreserv Biobank 2020; 18:222-227. [PMID: 32302515 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2019.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The availability of viable human tissues is critical to support translational research focused on personalized care. Most studies have relied on fresh frozen or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues for histopathology, genomics, and proteomics. Yet, basic, translational, and clinical research downstream assays such as tumor progression/invasion, patient-derived xenograft, organoids, immunoprofiling, and vaccine development still require viable tissue, which are time-sensitive and rare commodities. We describe the generation of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) cultures to validate a viable freeze cryopreservation technique as a standard method of highest quality specimen preservation. After surgical resection, specimens were minced, placed in CryoStor™ media, and frozen using a slow freezing method (-1°C/min in -80°C) for 24 hours and then stored in liquid nitrogen. After 15-18 months, the tissues were thawed, dissociated into single-cell suspensions, and evaluated for cell viability. To generate primary 2D cultures, cells were plated onto Collagen-/Matrigel-coated plates. To develop 3D cultures (organoids), the cells were plated in reduced serum RPMI media on nonadherent plates or in Matrigel matrix. The epithelial nature of the cells was confirmed by using immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins. DNA and RNA isolation was performed using QIAGEN AllPrep kits. We developed primary lines (2D and 3D) of colon, thyroid, lung, renal, and liver cancers that were positive for cytokeratin staining. 3D lines were developed from the same cohort of tumor types in both suspended media and Matrigel matrix. Multiple freeze-thaw cycles did not significantly alter the viability and growth of 2D and 3D lines. DNA/RNA recovery was similar to its fresh frozen cohort. In this study, we validated 2D and 3D tissue cultures as methods to corroborate the feasibility of viable cryopreservation of tumor tissue. This proof-of-principle study, if more widely implemented, should improve accessibility of human viable tumor tissue/cells in a time-independent manner for many basic, preclinical, and translational assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy He
- Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resources (BTTSR), Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Samantha Powell
- Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resources (BTTSR), Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mason Kyle
- Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resources (BTTSR), Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael Rose
- Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resources (BTTSR), Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Edgar Masmila
- Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resources (BTTSR), Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Valeria Estrada
- Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resources (BTTSR), Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jason K Sicklick
- Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resources (BTTSR), Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Alfredo Molinolo
- Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resources (BTTSR), Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sharmeela Kaushal
- Biorepository and Tissue Technology Shared Resources (BTTSR), Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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15
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Fournier D, Lewin A, Simard C, Trépanier P, Néron S, Ballerini L, Codinach M, Elmoazzen H, Halpenny M, Kogler G, Liedtke S, Louis I, Molluna CA, Pineault N, Prasath A, Querol S, Saccardi R, Sutherland DR, Thérien C, Urbani S. Multi-laboratory assay for harmonization of enumeration of viable CD34+ and CD45+ cells in frozen cord blood units. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:44-51. [PMID: 31883947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS In 2016, specifications for both pre-cryopreserved and post-thawed cord blood were defined in the sixth edition of NetCord Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT) Standards for Cord Blood Banks. However, for several experts, harmonization regarding flow cytometry analysis performed on post-thawed samples is still a concern. A multicenter study led by Héma-Québec aimed to provide scientific data to support the cord blood accreditation bodies such as NetCord FACT in the revision of standards. METHODS Twelve cord blood units were processed for plasma and red cell reduction following standard operating procedures. Cord blood unit aliquots were shipped to eight participating centers under cryogenic conditions for analysis before and after standardization of protocol. Repeatability of stem cell count, measured pre- and post-intervention with the centers, was estimated using multilevel linear regression models with a heterogeneous compound symmetry correlation structure among repeated measures. RESULTS Excellent inter-center repeatability was reported by each participant regarding the viable CD34+ cells concentration, and a successful improvement effect of protocol standardization was also observed. However, we observed that better control over the critical parameters of the protocol did not have a significant effect on improving homogeneity in the enumeration of CD45+ cells. CONCLUSIONS The current practice in cord blood selection should now also consider relying on post-thaw CD34+ concentration, providing that all cord blood banks or outsourcing laboratories in charge of the analysis of post-thaw CB samples take into account the consensual recommendations provided in this work and adhere to a good-quality management system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine Lewin
- Héma-Québec, Medical Affairs and Innovation, Québec City, Canada
| | - Carl Simard
- Héma-Québec, Medical Affairs and Innovation, Québec City, Canada
| | | | - Sonia Néron
- Héma-Québec, Medical Affairs and Innovation, Québec City, Canada
| | - Lara Ballerini
- Cord Blood Bank, Cell Therapy and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Mike Halpenny
- Canadian Blood Services' Cord Blood Bank, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Gesine Kogler
- Dusseldorf Cord Blood Bank, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Liedtke
- Dusseldorf Cord Blood Bank, University of Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Isabelle Louis
- CHU Ste-Justine, Cell Therapy Department, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Arun Prasath
- Singapore Cord Blood Bank, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Riccardo Saccardi
- Cord Blood Bank, Cell Therapy and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - D Robert Sutherland
- Messner Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cynthia Thérien
- Center of Excellence in Cellular Therapy, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et Service Sociaux de l'Est de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Serena Urbani
- Cord Blood Bank, Cell Therapy and Transfusion Medicine Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
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High Fidelity Cryopreservation and Recovery of Primary Rodent Cortical Neurons. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-MNT-0135-18. [PMID: 30263951 PMCID: PMC6158653 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0135-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cryopreservation improves reproducibility and enables flexibility in experimental design. Although conventional freezing methodologies have been used to preserve primary neurons, poor cell viability and reduced survival severely limited their utility. We screened several high-performance freezing media and found that CryoStor10 (CS10) provided superior cryoprotection to primary mouse embryonic cortical neurons compared to other commercially-available or traditional reagents, permitting the recovery of 68.8% of cells relative to a fresh dissection. We characterized developmental, morphometric, and functional indicators of neuron maturation and found that, without exception, neurons recovered from cryostorage in CS10 media faithfully recapitulate in vitro neurodevelopment in-step with neurons obtained by fresh dissection. Our method establishes cryopreserved neurons as a reliable, efficient, and equivalent model to fresh neuron cultures.
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17
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Patient-derived xenograft cryopreservation and reanimation outcomes are dependent on cryoprotectant type. J Transl Med 2018; 98:947-956. [PMID: 29520054 PMCID: PMC6072591 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient-derived xenografts (PDX) are being increasingly utilized in preclinical oncologic research. Maintaining large colonies of early generation tumor-bearing mice is impractical and cost-prohibitive. Optimal methods for efficient long-term cryopreservation and subsequent reanimation of PDX tumors are critical to any viable PDX program. We sought to compare the performance of "Standard" and "Specialized" cryoprotectant media on various cryopreservation and reanimation outcomes in PDX tumors. Standard (10% DMSO media) and Specialized (Cryostor®) media were compared between overall and matched PDX tumors. Primary outcome was reanimation engraftment efficiency (REE). Secondary outcomes included time to tumor formation (TTF), time to harvest (TTH), and potential loss of unique PDX lines. Overall 57 unique PDX tumors underwent 484 reanimation engraftment attempts after previous cryopreservation. There were 10 unique PDX tumors cryopreserved with Standard (71 attempts), 40 with Specialized (272 attempts), and 7 with both (141 attempts). Median frozen time of reanimated tumors was 29 weeks (max. 177). Tumor pathology, original primary PDX growth rates, frozen storage times, and number of implantations per PDX model were similar between cryoprotectant groups. Specialized media resulted in superior REE (overall: 82 vs. 39%, p < 0.0001; matched: 97 vs. 36%, p < 0.0001; >52 weeks cryostorage: 59 vs. 9%, p < 0.0001), shorter TTF (overall 24 vs. 54 days, p = 0.0051; matched 18 vs. 53 days, p = 0.0013) and shorter TTH (overall: 64 vs. 89 days, p = 0.009; matched: 47 vs. 88 days, p = 0.0005) compared to Standard. Specialized media demonstrated improved REE with extended duration cryostorage (p = 0.048) compared to Standard. Potential loss of unique PDX lines was lower with Specialized media (9 vs. 35%, p = 0.017). In conclusion, cryopreservation with a specialized cryoprotectant appears superior to traditional laboratory-based media and can be performed with reliable reanimation even after extended cryostorage.
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18
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Rawal S, Harrington S, Williams SJ, Ramachandran K, Stehno-Bittel L. Long-term cryopreservation of reaggregated pancreatic islets resulting in successful transplantation in rats. Cryobiology 2017; 76:41-50. [PMID: 28483491 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Preservation of pancreatic islets for long-term storage of islets used for transplantation or research has long been a goal. Unfortunately, few studies on long-term islet cryopreservation (1 month and longer) have reported positive outcomes in terms of islet yield, survival and function. In general, single cells have been shown to tolerate the cryopreservation procedure better than tissues/multicellular structures like islets. Thus, we optimized a method to cryopreserve single islet cells and, after thawing, reaggregated them into islet spheroids. Cryopreserved (CP) single human islet cells formed spheroids efficiently within 3-5 days after thawing. Approximately 79% of islet cells were recovered following the single-cell cryopreservation protocol. Viability after long-term cryopreservation (4 weeks or more) was significantly higher in the CP islet cell spheroids (97.4 ± 0.4%) compared to CP native islets (14.6 ± 0.4%). Moreover, CP islet cell spheroids had excellent viability even after weeks in culture (88.5 ± 1.6%). Metabolic activity was 4-5 times higher in CP islet cell spheroids than CP native islets at 24 and 48 h after thawing. Diabetic rats transplanted with CP islet cell spheroids were normoglycemic for 10 months, identical to diabetic rats transplanted with fresh islets. However, the animals receiving fresh islets required a higher volume of transplanted tissue to achieve normoglycemia compared to those transplanted with CP islet cell spheroids. By cryopreserving single cells instead of intact islets, we achieved highly viable and functional islets after thawing that required lower tissue volumes to reverse diabetes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rawal
- University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Stephen Harrington
- Likarda, LLC, 2002 W 39th Avenue, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA; University of Kansas, 1450 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - S Janette Williams
- University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Likarda, LLC, 2002 W 39th Avenue, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | | | - Lisa Stehno-Bittel
- University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Likarda, LLC, 2002 W 39th Avenue, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA.
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Worsham DN, Reems JA, Szczepiorkowski ZM, McKenna DH, Leemhuis T, Mathew AJ, Cancelas JA. Clinical methods of cryopreservation for donor lymphocyte infusions vary in their ability to preserve functional T-cell subpopulations. Transfusion 2017; 57:1555-1565. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo-Anna Reems
- University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City Utah
| | | | | | - Thomas Leemhuis
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Ohio
| | | | - Jose A. Cancelas
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati; Cincinnati Ohio
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Moller FT, Knudsen L, Harbord M, Satsangi J, Gordon H, Christiansen L, Christensen K, Jess T, Andersen V. Danish cohort of monozygotic inflammatory bowel disease twins: Clinical characteristics and inflammatory activity. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5050-5059. [PMID: 27275097 PMCID: PMC4886380 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i21.5050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To describe the establishment of a Danish inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) twin cohort with focus on concordance of treatment and inflammatory markers.
METHODS: We identified MZ twins, likely to be discordant or concordant for IBD, by merging information from the Danish Twin Register and the National Patient Register. The twins were asked to provide biological samples, questionnaires, and data access to patient files and public registries. Biological samples were collected via a mobile laboratory, which allowed for immediate centrifugation, fractionation, and storage of samples. The mean time from collection of samples to storage in the -80 °C mobile freezer was less than one hour. The diagnoses where validated using the Copenhagen diagnostic criteria.
RESULTS: We identified 159 MZ IBD twin pairs, in a total of 62 (39%) pairs both twins agreed to participate. Of the supposed 62 IBD pairs, the IBD diagnosis could be confirmed in 54 pairs. The cohort included 10 concordant pairs, whereof some were discordant for either treatment or surgery. The 10 concordant pairs, where both pairs suffered from IBD, included eight CD/CD pairs, one UC/UC pair and one UC/IBDU pair. The discordant pairs comprised 31 UC, 5 IBDU (IBD unclassified), and 8 CD discordant pairs. In the co-twins not affected by IBD, calprotectin was above 100 μg/g in 2 participants, and above 50 μg/g in a further 5 participants.
CONCLUSION: The presented IBD twin cohorts are an excellent resource for bioinformatics studies with proper adjustment for disease-associated exposures including medication and inflammatory activity in the co-twins.
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Fritsch G, Frank N, Dmytrus J, Frech C, Pichler H, Witt V, Geyeregger R, Scharner D, Trbojevic D, Zipperer E, Printz D, Worel N. Relevance of flow cytometric enumeration of post-thaw leucocytes: influence of temperature during cell staining on viable cell recovery. Vox Sang 2016; 111:187-96. [PMID: 27037580 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Our post-thaw cell recovery rates differed substantially in interlaboratory comparisons of identical samples, potentially due to different temperatures during cell staining. MATERIALS AND METHODS Viable CD34(+) cells and leucocyte (WBC) subtypes were quantified by multiparameter single-platform flow cytometry in leucapheresis products collected from 30 adult lymphoma and myeloma patients, and from 10 paediatric patients. After thawing, cells were prepared for analysis within 30 min between thawing and acquisition, at either 4°C or at room temperature. RESULTS For cell products cryopreserved in conventional freezing medium (10% final DMSO), viable cell recovery was clearly lower after staining at 4°C than at RT. Of all WBC subtypes analysed, CD4(+) T cells showed the lowest median recovery of 4% (4°C) vs. 25% (RT), followed by CD3, CD34 and CD8 cells. The recovery was highest for CD3γδ cells with 44% (4°C) vs. 71% (RT). In the 10 samples cryopreserved in synthetic freezing medium (5% final DMSO), median recovery rates were 89% for viable CD34 (both at 4°C and RT) and 79% (4°C) vs 68% (RT) for WBC. CONCLUSIONS The post-thaw environment and, potentially, the cryoprotectant impact the outcome of cell enumeration, and results from the analysis tube may not be representative of the cells infused into a patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fritsch
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Frank
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Dmytrus
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - C Frech
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Pichler
- St. Anna Kinderspital, Universitätskinderklinik, Vienna, Austria
| | - V Witt
- St. Anna Kinderspital, Universitätskinderklinik, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Geyeregger
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Scharner
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Trbojevic
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Zipperer
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Printz
- Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), St. Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Worel
- Dept. for Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Smagur A, Mitrus I, Ciomber A, Panczyniak K, Fidyk W, Sadus-Wojciechowska M, Holowiecki J, Giebel S. Comparison of the cryoprotective solutions based on human albumin vs. autologous plasma: its effect on cell recovery, clonogenic potential of peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells and engraftment after autologous transplantation. Vox Sang 2015; 108:417-24. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Smagur
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - I. Mitrus
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - A. Ciomber
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - K. Panczyniak
- Analytics and Clinical Biochemistry Department; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - W. Fidyk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - M. Sadus-Wojciechowska
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - J. Holowiecki
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
| | - S. Giebel
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Oncohematology; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch; Gliwice Poland
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Kofanova OA, Davis K, Glazer B, De Souza Y, Kessler J, Betsou F. Viable mononuclear cell stability study for implementation in a proficiency testing program: impact of shipment conditions. Biopreserv Biobank 2014; 12:206-16. [PMID: 24955735 PMCID: PMC4955601 DOI: 10.1089/bio.2013.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of shipping temperatures and preservation media used during transport of either peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or Jurkat cells was assessed, in view of implementing of a proficiency testing scheme on mononuclear cell viability. Samples were analyzed before and after shipment at different temperatures (ambient temperature, dry ice, and liquid nitrogen) and in different preservation media (serum with cryoprotectant, commercial cryopreservation solution, and room temperature transport medium). Sample quality was assessed by viability assays (Trypan Blue dye exclusion, flow cytometry, Cell Analysis System cell counting (CASY)), and by ELISpot functional assay. The liquid nitrogen storage and shipment were found to be the most stable conditions to preserve cell viability and functionality. However, we show that alternative high quality shipment conditions for viable cells are dry ice shipment and commercial cryopreservation solution. These were also cost-efficient shipment conditions, satisfying the requirements of a proficiency testing scheme for viable mononuclear cells. Room temperature transport medium dramatically and adversely affected the integrity of mononuclear cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Kofanova
- Integrated BioBank Of Luxembourg (IBBL), 6 rue Nicolas Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg
| | - Kristine Davis
- PPD Vaccines and Biologics Laboratory, Wayne, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Joseph Kessler
- PPD Vaccines and Biologics Laboratory, Wayne, Pennsylvania
| | - Fotini Betsou
- Integrated BioBank Of Luxembourg (IBBL), 6 rue Nicolas Ernest Barblé, L-1210, Luxembourg
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Eaker S, Armant M, Brandwein H, Burger S, Campbell A, Carpenito C, Clarke D, Fong T, Karnieli O, Niss K, Van't Hof W, Wagey R. Concise review: guidance in developing commercializable autologous/patient-specific cell therapy manufacturing. Stem Cells Transl Med 2013; 2:871-83. [PMID: 24101671 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2013-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is poised to play an enormous role in regenerative medicine. However, little guidance is being made available to academic and industrial entities in the start-up phase. In this technical review, members of the International Society for Cell Therapy provide guidance in developing commercializable autologous and patient-specific manufacturing strategies from the perspective of process development. Special emphasis is placed on providing guidance to small academic or biotech researchers as to what simple questions can be addressed or answered at the bench in order to make their cell therapy products more feasible for commercial-scale production. We discuss the processes that are required for scale-out at the manufacturing level, and how many questions can be addressed at the bench level. The goal of this review is to provide guidance in the form of topics that can be addressed early in the process of development to better the chances of the product being successful for future commercialization.
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Lin HD, Bongso A, Gauthaman K, Biswas A, Choolani M, Fong CY. Human Wharton’s Jelly Stem Cell Conditioned Medium Enhances Freeze-Thaw Survival and Expansion of Cryopreserved CD34+ Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2013; 9:172-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s12015-013-9426-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Steininger PA, Smith R, Geier C, Zimmermann R, Eckstein R, Strasser EF. Leukapheresis in non-cytokine-stimulated donors with a new apheresis system: first-time collection results and evaluation of subsequent cryopreservation. Transfusion 2012; 53:747-56. [PMID: 22803702 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03787.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive cell therapy based on mononuclear cells (MNCs) became an important modality of cancer immunotherapy. Data about collection results and donor response of leukapheresis with the Spectra Optia v.5.0 (Terumo BCT) in nonmobilized donors are required. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Twelve MNC collections were performed using the Spectra Optia v.5.0 in non-cytokine-stimulated donors. Leukapheresis products and peripheral blood samples from donors were assayed for CD45+, CD34+, CD3+, and CD14+ cells by flow cytometry. Prefreeze and postthaw cell counts, cell viability, and numbers of colony-forming units were assessed in cryobags and compared to data from cryovials. RESULTS Leukapheresis yielded a mean of 5.26×10(9) ±2.2×10(9) CD45+ cells, 1.5×10(9) ±0.77×10(9) CD14+ monocytes, and 2.28×10(9) ±1.2×10(9) CD3+ Tcells by processing 6690±930mL of whole blood. A significant positive correlation between yield of CD3+ Tcells and residual platelets (PLTs) and red blood cells (RBCs) was observed. This did not apply for CD34+ and CD14+ white blood cell subsets. Mean collection efficiencies for CD14+ monocytes and CD3+ Tcells were 61.8±17 and 37.2±18%, respectively. Recovery of CD14+ cells after cryopreservation was 75.2±8.2%, which was significantly lower than recovery of CD45+ cells (81.4±5.5%; p=0.01). CONCLUSION This study of a small cohort demonstrates that the Spectra Optia v.5.0 is capable of collecting low product volumes with satisfactory MNC yields and low residual RBCs and PLTs in non-cytokine-mobilized apheresis. Our data suggest that cryovials can serve as a representative surrogate for the primary product cryobag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp A Steininger
- Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology Department, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Cryopreservation of adenovirus-transfected dendritic cells (DCs) for clinical use. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 13:61-8. [PMID: 22465385 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the effects of cryoprotectant, freezing and thawing, and adenovirus (Adv) transduction on the viability, transgene expression, phenotype, and function of human dendritic cells (DCs). DCs were differentiated from cultured peripheral blood (PB) monocytes following Elutra isolation using granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) for 6 days and then transduced using an Adv vector with an IL-12 transgene. Fresh, cryopreserved, and thawed transduced immature DCs were examined for their: 1) cellular concentration and viability; 2) antigenicity using an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR); 3) phenotype (HLA-DR and CD11c) and activation (CD83); and 4) transgene expression based on IL-12 secretion. Stability studies revealed that transduced DCs could be held in cryoprotectant for as long as 75 min at 2-8°C prior to freezing with little effect on their viability and cellularity. Further, cryopreservation, storage, and thawing reduced the viability of the transduced DCs by an average of 7.7%; and had no significant impact on DC phenotype and activation. In summary, cryopreservation, storage, and thawing had no significant effect on DC viability, function, and transgene expression by Adv-transduced DCs.
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29
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Nicoud IB, Clarke DM, Taber G, Stolowski KM, Roberge SE, Song MK, Mathew AJ, Reems JA. Cryopreservation of umbilical cord blood with a novel freezing solution that mimics intracellular ionic composition. Transfusion 2012; 52:2055-62. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sputtek A, Lioznov M, Kröger N, Rowe AW. Bioequivalence comparison of a new freezing bag (CryoMACS(®)) with the Cryocyte(®) freezing bag for cryogenic storage of human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Cytotherapy 2010; 13:481-9. [PMID: 21077731 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2010.529891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS We investigated two different plastic freezing bags, namely the most recently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved CryoMACS(®) freezing bag (200-074-402) from Miltenyi Biotec and the familiar Cryocyte(®) freezing bag (R4R9955) from (Baxter Healthcare, Deerfield, IL, United States) for the cryogenic storage of human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). METHODS The study material consisted of 12 frozen HPC pairs (= 24 transplant units) that were no longer needed for autologous treatment of patients. After thawing, one unit of a pair was transferred into the Miltenyi (M) bag; the other unit remained in the original Baxter (B) bag. After refreezing both units, all units were stored again under cryogenic conditions either partially immersed in liquid nitrogen (n = 22) or in the vapor phase over liquid nitrogen, n = 2, <-170°) before thawing. RESULTS The correlation coefficients (r) between the results obtained from the two bag types were high for white blood cells (WBC) content (r = 0.98), mononuclear cells (MNC) (r = 0.97), lymphocytes (r = 0.98), monocytes (r = 0.96), membrane integrity (r = 0.93), concentration of 'free' hemoglobin (r = 0.97) and hemolysis rate (r = 0.95). With regard to clonogenicity, there were no significant differences (Student's paired t-test) for the three parameters investigated [i.e. total number of colonies, including the numbers of burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colonies, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The CryoMACS freezing bag 200-074-402 is bioequivalent to the Cryocyte freezing container R4R9955. An advantageous feature of the CryoMACS is that its double-sterile wrapping provides additional safety regarding potential cross-contamination during cryogenic storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sputtek
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Hamburg, Germany.
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The ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 negatively affects the expansion/survival of both fresh and cryopreserved cord blood-derived CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells: Y-27632 negatively affects the expansion/survival of CD34+HSPCs. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2010; 6:215-23. [PMID: 20180051 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-010-9118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) is an unlimited source of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). The use of cryopreserved CB-derived CD34+ HSPCs is successful in children and usually leads to rapid hematopoietic recovery upon transplantation. However, current methods for ex vivo expansion of HSPCs still result in a loss of multilineage differentiation potential and current freeze-thawing protocols result in significant cell death and loss of CD34+ HSPCs. The major cause for the loss of viability after slow freezing is apoptosis induced directly by cryoinjury. Very recent reports have demonstrated that Y-27632, a selective and robust ROCK inhibitor is a potent inhibitor of the apoptosis and is efficient in enhancing the post-thaw survival and recovery of different human stem cells including human embryos, hESCs, induced pluripotent stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells. Here, we analyzed the effect of such an inhibitor in CB-derived CD34+ HSPCs. CB-derived CD34+ HSPCs were MACS-isolated and treated with or without 10 microM of Y-27632. The effect of Y-27632 on culture homeostasis was determined in both fresh and cryopreserved CB-derived CD34+ HSPCs. Our results indicate that the Y-27632 not only dramatically inhibits cell expansion of both fresh and cryopreserved CD34+ HSPCs but also impairs survival/recovery of CD34+ HSPCs upon thawing regardless whether Y-27632 is added to both the cryopreservation and the expansion media and or just to the expansion culture medium with or without hematopoietic cytokines. This study identifies for the first time a detrimental effect of Y-27632 on the expansion and survival of both fresh and cryopreserved CB-derived CD34+ HSPCs, suggesting that Y-27632 may have a differential impact on distinct lineage/tissue-specific stem cells. Our data suggest different functions of Y-27632 on human stem cells growing in suspension versus those growing attached to either treated tissue culture plastic or extracellular matrix. We discourage any clinical application of Y-27632 in potential technical developments aimed at improving cryopreservation procedures of CB-derived cells and/or in vitro expansion of HSPCs without spontaneous differentiation.
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