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Möckel T, Boegel S, Schwarting A. Transcriptome Analysis of BAFF/BAFF-R System in Murine Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5415. [PMID: 38791453 PMCID: PMC11121395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an emerging cause for morbidity and mortality worldwide. Acute kidney injury (AKI) can transition to CKD and finally to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Targeted treatment is still unavailable. NF-κB signaling is associated with CKD and activated by B cell activating factor (BAFF) via BAFF-R binding. In turn, renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) are critical for the progression of fibrosis and producing BAFF. Therefore, the direct involvement of the BAFF/BAFF-R system to the pathogenesis of CKD is conceivable. We performed non-accelerated nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN) as the CKD model in BAFF KO (B6.129S2-Tnfsf13btm1Msc/J), BAFF-R KO (B6(Cg)-Tnfrsf13ctm1Mass/J) and wildtype (C57BL/6J) mice to analyze the BAFF/BAFF-R system in anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease using high throughput RNA sequencing. We found that BAFF signaling is directly involved in the upregulation of collagen III as BAFF ko mice showed a reduced expression. However, these effects were not mediated via BAFF-R. We identified several upregulated genes that could explain the effects of BAFF in chronic kidney injury such as Txnip, Gpx3, Igfbp7, Ccn2, Kap, Umod and Ren1. Thus, we conclude that targeted treatment with anti-BAFF drugs such as belimumab may reduce chronic kidney damage. Furthermore, upregulated genes may be useful prognostic CKD biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Möckel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sebastian Boegel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (T.M.); (S.B.)
- Center for Rheumatic Disease Rhineland-Palatinate GmbH, 55543 Bad Kreuznach, Germany
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Kato H, Kahlenberg JM. Emerging biologic therapies for systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2024; 36:169-175. [PMID: 38299618 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The approval of belimumab and anifrolumab has expanded the scope of treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. However, many patients remain refractory to currently available therapies and suffer from drug toxicities. This review will discuss approved and target-specific therapeutics in development that bring hope for better SLE treatments. RECENT FINDINGS Since the last review on this subject in the journal, the FDA has approved anifrolumab and belimumab for SLE and lupus nephritis (LN), respectively. A fully humanized anti-CD20, obinutuzumab, met the primary end point in a phase II trial in LN. A Tyk2 inhibitor, deucravacitinib, and an antibody targeting plasmacytoid dendritic cells, litifilimab, met the primary end point in phase II trials in SLE and cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). Ustekinumab and baricitinib met the primary end point in phase II but not in phase III trials. SUMMARY While many drug candidates which met the end points in phase II trials have failed phase III trials, the number of target-specific therapies for SLE has continued to expand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kato
- University of Michigan Lupus Program, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Yu H, Xie X, Wei G, Chen H, Zhang X, He Y, Li M, He C, He Y, Chen J. Bibliometric analysis of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus from 2000 to 2022. Lupus 2024; 33:387-396. [PMID: 38305218 DOI: 10.1177/09612033241230586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, multisystem autoimmune disorder. When SLE occurs in individuals under the age of 18, it is referred to as childhood-onset SLE (cSLE). Currently, there is a dearth of bibliometric research pertaining to cSLE. METHOD Relevant studies in the field of cSLE from 2000 to 2022 were screened from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to visualize the annual publications, countries, institutions, authors, journals, keywords, and references, after which the authors conducted the scientific analysis. RESULTS A total of 2857 articles were included in this study, and the number of articles published in the past 20 years showed an overall upwards trend. The most prolific countries are the United States, China, and Brazil; however, the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom are clearly superior in terms of literary influence, and there is more cooperation between them and their institutions. LUPUS (n = 389) contributed the most to the variance. Brunner, HI's contribution in the field of cSLE is outstanding. The words related to 'lupus nephritis' and 'antibodies' are important words reflected in the keyword network diagram. The keywords included 'evidence-based recommendation', 'validation', 'diagnosis' and 'adult' from 2019, and 'continuous bursts' to the present. CONCLUSION This study examined the research status of cSLE patients, discussed and analysed the research hotspots and trends in this field, and provided a reference for further research in this field to promote the development of cSLE research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xintong Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guangliang Wei
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Huidong Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Youxian He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mengxiang Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chengsong He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yue He
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China
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Li SJ, Ruan DD, Wu WZ, Wu M, Wu QY, Wang HL, Ji YY, Zhang YP, Lin XF, Fang ZT, Liao LS, Luo JW, Gao MZ, Wu JB. Potential regulatory role of the Nrf2/HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in lupus nephritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2023; 21:130. [PMID: 37872565 PMCID: PMC10594751 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-023-00909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that involves multiple organ systems. One of its major complications, lupus nephritis (LN), is associated with a high mortality rate, and children-onset LN have a more severe course and worse prognosis than adults. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are involved in LN development and pathogenesis. Thus, this study aimed to explore the role of signaling regulation of the Nrf2/HMGB1/TLR/NF-κB pathway in LN pathogenesis and unravel the expression of TLR4+CXCR4+ plasma cells subset (PCs) in LN. METHODS C57BL/6 and MRL/lpr mice were divided into four groups: control, model, vector control, and Nrf2 overexpression groups. The vector control and Nrf2 overexpression groups were injected with adenoviral vectors into the kidney in situ. Pathological changes in kidney tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression of Nrf2, HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB, and downstream inflammatory factors in kidney samples was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The ratios of TLR4+CXCR4+ PC subsets in the blood and kidneys of mice were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS In MRL/lpr mice, Nrf2 was downregulated while HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway proteins were upregulated. Nrf2 overexpression decreased the expression of HMGB1, TLR4, NF-κB, and its downstream inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα). These cytokines were negatively correlated with an increase in Nrf2 content. PC and TLR4 + CXCR4 + PCs in the blood and kidney samples were significantly increased in MRL/lpr mice; however, they were decreased upon Nrf2 overexpression. CONCLUSION This study showed severe kidney injury in an LN mouse model and an increased ratio of TLR4 + CXCR4 + PCs. Furthermore, we observed that Nrf2 regulates LN immune response through the Nrf2/HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, which can be considered an important target for LN treatment. The clinical value of the findings of our study requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jie Li
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Dan-Dan Ruan
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Wu
- Xiyuan Clinical Medical College of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Min Wu
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Wu
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Han-Lu Wang
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Ji
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yan-Ping Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xin-Fu Lin
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhu-Ting Fang
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Li-Sheng Liao
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jie-Wei Luo
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Mei-Zhu Gao
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Jia-Bin Wu
- Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- School of Medicine, Fuzhou Second Hospital, Xiamen University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
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Pennesi M, Benvenuto S. Lupus Nephritis in Children: Novel Perspectives. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1841. [PMID: 37893559 PMCID: PMC10607957 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus is an inflammatory and autoimmune condition characterized by heterogeneous multisystem involvement and a chronic course with unpredictable flares. Kidney involvement, commonly called lupus nephritis, mainly presents with immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis and is more frequent and severe in adults. Despite a considerable improvement in long-term renal prognosis, children and adolescents with lupus nephritis still experience significant morbidity and mortality. Moreover, current literature often lacks pediatric-specific data, leading clinicians to rely exclusively on adult therapeutic approaches. This review aims to describe pediatric lupus nephritis and provide an overview of the novel perspectives on the pathogenetic mechanisms, histopathological classification, therapeutic approach, novel biomarkers, and follow-up targets in children and adolescents with lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pennesi
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simone Benvenuto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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