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Indra R, Pompach P, Vavrová K, Jáklová K, Heger Z, Adam V, Eckschlager T, Kopečková K, Arlt VM, Stiborová M. Cytochrome P450 and flavin-containing monooxygenase enzymes are responsible for differential oxidation of the anti-thyroid-cancer drug vandetanib by human and rat hepatic microsomal systems. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 74:103310. [PMID: 31837525 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We studied the in vitro metabolism of the anti-thyroid-cancer drug vandetanib in a rat animal model and demonstrated that N-desmethylvandetanib and vandetanib N-oxide are formed by NADPH- or NADH-mediated reactions catalyzed by rat hepatic microsomes and pure biotransformation enzymes. In addition to the structural characterization of vandetanib metabolites, individual rat enzymes [cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO)] capable of oxidizing vandetanib were identified. Generation of N-desmethylvandetanib, but not that of vandetanib N-oxide, was attenuated by CYP3A and 2C inhibitors while inhibition of FMO decreased formation of vandetanib N-oxide. These results indicate that liver microsomal CYP2C/3A and FMO1 are major enzymes participating in the formation of N-desmethylvandetanib and vandetanib N-oxide, respectively. Rat recombinant CYP2C11 > >3A1 > 3A2 > 1A1 > 1A2 > 2D1 > 2D2 were effective in catalyzing the formation of N-desmethylvandetanib. Results of the present study explain differences between the CYP- and FMO-catalyzed vandetanib oxidation in rat and human liver reported previously and the enzymatic mechanisms underlying this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radek Indra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pompach
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Vavrová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Jáklová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Eckschlager
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Medical Faculty, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kopečková
- Department of Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, 150 06 Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Volker Manfred Arlt
- Department of Analytical, Environmental and Forensic Sciences, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Codony S, Valverde E, Leiva R, Brea J, Isabel Loza M, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Vázquez S. Exploring the size of the lipophilic unit of the soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115078. [PMID: 31488357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors are potential drugs for several diseases. Adamantyl ureas are excellent sEH inhibitors but have limited metabolic stability. Herein, we report the effect of replacing the adamantane group by alternative polycyclic hydrocarbons on sEH inhibition, solubility, permeability and metabolic stability. Compounds bearing smaller or larger polycyclic hydrocarbons than adamantane yielded all good inhibition potency of the human sEH (0.4 ≤ IC50 ≤ 21.7 nM), indicating that sEH is able to accommodate inhibitors of very different size. Human liver microsomal stability of diamantane containing inhibitors is lower than that of their corresponding adamantane counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Codony
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Elena Valverde
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Rosana Leiva
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - José Brea
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research Group, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Isabel Loza
- Innopharma Screening Platform, Biofarma Research Group, Centro de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CIMUS), Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona E-08028, Spain.
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Stiborová M, Indra R, Moserová M, Šulc M, Hodek P, Frei E, Schmeiser HH, Arlt VM. NADPH- and NADH-dependent metabolism of and DNA adduct formation by benzo[ a]pyrene catalyzed with rat hepatic microsomes and cytochrome P450 1A1. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016; 147:847-855. [PMID: 27110038 PMCID: PMC4828493 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1713-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a human carcinogen that covalently binds to DNA after metabolic activation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Here we investigated the efficiencies of rat hepatic microsomes and rat recombinant CYP1A1 expressed with its reductase, NADPH:CYP oxidoreductase (POR), NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase, epoxide hydrolase and/or cytochrome b5 in Supersomes™ to metabolize this carcinogen. We also studied the effectiveness of coenzymes of two of the microsomal reductases, NADPH as a coenzyme of POR, and NADH as a coenzyme of NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase, to mediate BaP metabolism in these systems. Up to eight BaP metabolites and two DNA adducts were generated by the systems, both in the presence of NADPH and NADH. Among BaP metabolites, BaP-9,10-dihydrodiol, BaP-4,5-dihydrodiol, BaP-7,8-dihydrodiol, BaP-1,6-dione, BaP-3,6-dione, BaP-9-ol, BaP-3-ol, and a metabolite of unknown structure were formed by hepatic microsomes and rat CYP1A1. One of two DNA adducts formed by examined enzymatic systems (rat hepatic microsomes and rat CYP1A1) was characterized to be 10-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-7,8,9-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (dG-N2-BPDE), while another adduct has similar chromatographic properties on polyethylaneimine-cellulose thin layer chromatography to a guanine adduct derived from reaction with 9-hydroxy-BaP-4,5-oxide. In the presence of either of the reductase cofactors tested, NADPH or NADH, cytochrome b5 stimulated CYP1A1-mediated formation of both BaP-DNA adducts. The results demonstrate that NADH can act as a sole electron donor for both the first and the second reduction of CYP1A1 during its reaction cycle catalyzing oxidation of BaP, and suggest that the NADH:cytochrome b5 reductase as the NADH-dependent reductase might substitute POR in this enzymatic system. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stiborová
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Indra
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Moserová
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šulc
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hodek
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Frei
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Heinz H. Schmeiser
- />Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker M. Arlt
- />Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King’s College London, London, SE1 9NH UK
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Bořek-Dohalská L, Valášková P, Černá V, Stiborová M. Role of rat cytochromes P450 in the oxidation of 17α-ethinylestradiol. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 38:852-860. [PMID: 25461545 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
17α-Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is an endocrine disruptor (ED) used as an ingredient of oral contraceptives. Rat hepatic microsomes metabolize EE2 to three products; two of them are hydroxylated EE2 derivatives. Of the hydroxylation reactions, 2-hydroxylation, is the major reaction. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) plays a major role in EE2 hydroxylation. To resolve which rat CYPs are responsible for EE2 oxidation, three approaches were used: induction of specific CYPs, selective inhibition of CYPs, and recombinant rat CYPs. The results demonstrate that EE2 is hydroxylated by several rat CYPs, among them CYP2C6 and 2C11 are most efficient in 2-hydroxy-EE2 formation, while CYP2A and 3A catalyze EE2 hydroxylation to the second product. EE2 is also an inhibitor of CYP2C- and CYP3A-catalyzed hydroxylation of endogenous EDs progesterone and testosterone. EE2 acts as a reversible inhibitor of CYP3A-mediated progesterone 6β-hydroxylation and inactivates CYP3A- and CYP2C-catalyzed testosterone 6β-hydroxylation and progesterone 21- or 16α-hydroxylation, respectively, in a mechanism-based manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Bořek-Dohalská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Valášková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Věra Černá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Stiborová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Crumpton JB, Santos WL. Site-specific incorporation of diamondoids on DNA using click chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:2018-20. [PMID: 22237385 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc16860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple and robust solid phase synthetic method for the ligation of diamondoids on the phosphate backbone of DNA with "click" chemistry using [Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)]PF(6) without a stabilizing ligand is reported. It was found that as the size of dimondoid increased, a corresponding increase in melting temperature was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason B Crumpton
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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Meggers E. From Conventional to Unusual Enzyme Inhibitor Scaffolds: The Quest for Target Specificity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:2442-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Meggers E. Von konventionellen zu ungewöhnlichen Gerüsten für Enzyminhibitoren: das Streben nach Spezifität. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Schwertfeger H, Fokin A, Schreiner P. “Diamonds are a chemist's best friend”: die großen Geschwister des Adamantans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Schwertfeger H, Fokin A, Schreiner P. Diamonds are a Chemist's Best Friend: Diamondoid Chemistry Beyond Adamantane. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:1022-36. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Grichko VP, Shenderova OA. Nanodiamond. ULTRANANOCRYSTALLINE DIAMOND 2006. [PMCID: PMC7155738 DOI: 10.1016/b978-081551524-1.50017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
This chapter discusses various methods of surface modification for the development of functionalized diamond nanoparticles for biomedical applications. To be used in biomedical applications, nanoparticles must be biocompatible, non-toxic, non-detective by immune systems, and should not induce side effects. Size control of particles is a prerequisite for biomedical applications. Carbon nanostructures span the same length scale as bio-compounds, ranging from subnanometer-size nucleotides to tens and hundreds of nanometer-sized organelles and viruses, and up to micron-sized cell sizes. The chapter also summarizes different approaches to the surface functionalization of nanodiamonds (ND) particles—that is, the key in successful biomedical applications followed by a discussion of modification of diamond surfaces with nucleic acids and proteins. Both current and potential applications of diamond films and particles in the area of biosensing are addressed.
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