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Lu Y, Yin L, Yang W, Wu Z, Niu J. Antioxidant effects of Paeoniflorin and relevant molecular mechanisms as related to a variety of diseases: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116772. [PMID: 38810407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF), which is the main component of the Paeonia lactiflora Pall extract, is one of the traditional Chinese medicines. The pharmacological effects associated with PF include antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidepressant-like and neuroprotective effects. Our previous studies had revealed that PF protected melanocytes and inhibited photodamage through the suppression of oxidative stress (OS). As OS plays a vital role in the progression of a variety of diseases, the capacity for PF to suppress OS may exert important effects upon them. However, no review exists on these antioxidant effects of PF as related to various diseases. Therefore, in this review we summarized studies involved with examining the antioxidant effects and molecular mechanisms of PF. Through its capacity to inhibit OS, PF has been shown to exert beneficial effects upon several systems including nervous, cardiac/vascular, digestive, and respiratory as well as specific diseases such as diabetes, autoimmune, pregnancy related, ocular, kidney, dermatology, along with suppression of distal flap necrosis, postoperative adhesions, and hearing loss. Such findings provide new insights and directions for future research directed at the development of PF as a natural antioxidant for the treatment of clinical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Lu
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lu Yin
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ze Wu
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jun Niu
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No. 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Jeon S, Lee EY, Nam SJ, Lim KM. Safety assessment of Paeonia lactiflora root extract for a cosmetic ingredient employing the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 149:105620. [PMID: 38615840 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Botanical extracts, widely used in cosmetics, pose a challenge to safety assessment due to their complex compositions. The threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) approach, offering a safe exposure level for cosmetic ingredients, proves to be a promising solution for ensuring the safety of cosmetic ingredients with low exposure level. We assessed the safety of Paeonia lactiflora root extract (PLR), commonly used in skin conditioning products, with the TTC. We identified 50 constituents of PLR extract from the USDA database and literature exploration. Concentration of each constituent of PLR extract was determined with the information from USDA references, literature, and experimental analysis. The genotoxicity of PLR and its constituents was assessed in vitro and in silico respectively. Cramer class of the constituents of the PLR extract was determined with Toxtree 3.1 extended decision tree using ChemTunes®. Systemic exposure of each constituent from leave-on type cosmetic products containing PLR at a 1% concentration was estimated and compared with respective TTC threshold. Two constituents exceeding TTC threshold were further analyzed for dermal absorption using in silico tools, which confirmed the safety of PLR extract in cosmetics. Collectively, we demonstrated that the TTC is a useful tool for assessing botanical extract safety in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Jip Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Min Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Wu Z, Tang X. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation revealed that Paeoniflorigenone effectively mitigates cerebral ischemic stroke by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5580. [PMID: 38448479 PMCID: PMC10918059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are becoming more recognized as risk factors for ischemic stroke. Paeoniflorigenone (PA) has diverse pharmacological effects that include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. However, the specific mechanisms by which PA affects cerebral ischemic stroke have not been studied. Our objective was to investigate the potential targets and mechanisms of PA in preventing cerebral ischemic stroke. We obtained the potential targets of PA from the SwissTargetPrediction, Super-PRED, and SEA Search Server databases. The GSE97537 dataset was utilized to identify gene targets related to ischemic stroke. The overlapping targets were imported into the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction network, and enrichment analyses were conducted using R software. Rats were pretreated with PA for three weeks before undergoing MCAO and reperfusion. H&E staining, ELISA, and qRT-PCR analyses were then performed to explore the potential mechanisms of PA. In the study, we identified 439 potential targets for PA and 1206 potential targets for ischemic stroke. Out of these, there were 71 common targets, which were found to be primarily associated with pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation. The results from animal experiments showed that PA was able to improve nerve function and reduce inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress in the MCAO-induced ischemic stroke model. Additionally, the expression of core genes in the MCAO + HPA group was significantly lower compared to the MCAO group. Our study revealed that the potential mechanisms by which PA prevents ischemic stroke involve oxidative stress and inflammation. These findings provide important theoretical guidance for the clinical use of PA in preventing and managing ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Wu
- Department of Preventive Treatment, Dongguan Humen Hosipital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Building No.375, Jienan lu, Dongguan, 523900, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingrong Tang
- Department of Science and Education, Jiangmen Wuyi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Building No.30, Huayuandong lu, Jiangmen, 529000, Guangdong, China.
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Kim JH, Han YE, Oh SJ, Lee B, Kwon O, Choi CW, Kim MS. Enhanced neuronal activity by suffruticosol A extracted from Paeonia lactiflora via partly BDNF signaling in scopolamine-induced memory-impaired mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11731. [PMID: 37474737 PMCID: PMC10359324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are explained by progressive defects of cognitive function and memory. These defects of cognition and memory dysfunction can be induced by the loss of brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) signaling. Paeonia lactiflora is a traditionally used medicinal herb in Asian countries and some beneficial effects have been reported, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer activity, and potential neuroprotective effects recently. In this study, we found that suffruticosol A is a major compound in seeds of Paeonia lactiflora. When treated in a SH-SY5 cell line for measuring cell viability and cell survival, suffruticosol A increased cell viability (at 20 µM) and recovered scopolamine-induced neurodegenerative characteristics in the cells. To further confirm its neural amelioration effects in the animals, suffruticosol A (4 or 15 ng, twice a week) was administered into the third ventricle beside the brain of C57BL/6 mice for one month then the scopolamine was intraperitoneally injected into these mice to induce impairments of cognition and memory before conducting behavioral experiments. Central administration of suffruticosol A into the brain restored the memory and cognition behaviors in mice that received the scopolamine. Consistently, the central treatments of suffruticosol A showed rescued cholinergic deficits and BDNF signaling in the hippocampus of mice. Finally, we measured the long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapse to figure out the restoration of the synaptic mechanism of learning and memory. Bath application of suffruticosol A (40 µM) improved LTP impairment induced by scopolamine in hippocampal slices. In conclusion, the central administration of suffruticosol A ameliorated neuronal effects partly through elevated BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Hee Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Han
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonggi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Obin Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Whan Choi
- Natural Biomaterial Team, Biocenter, Gyeonggido Business and Science Accelerator, Suwon, 16229, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Xiao L, Xiao W, Zhan F. Targets of total glucosides of paeony in the treatment of Sjogren syndrome: A network pharmacology study. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:375-380. [PMID: 36653917 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of the total glucoside of peony (TGP) in treating Sjogren syndrome (SS) using the network pharmacology approach. METHODS The protein targets of TGP and SS were identified by database search. Then, the intersection of the two groups was studied. The drug-target network between TGP and the overlapping genes was constructed, visualized, and analyzed by Cytoscape software. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment were performed to analyze these genes. Finally, the predictions of potential targets were evaluated by docking study. RESULTS Forty-six overlapping genes were discovered. The results suggested that TGP used in the treatment of SS is associated with cellular tumor antigen p53, neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1, and epidermal growth factor receptor, as well as their related 3372 protein networks, which regulate intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, cellular response to oxidative stress, rhythmic process, and other processes. Molecular docking analysis proved that hydrogen bonding is the main form of interaction. CONCLUSION Our research provided the protein targets affected by TGP in SS treatment. The key targets (caspase 3, vascular endothelial growth factor A, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, etc.), which involve 3372 proteins, are the multitarget mechanism of TGP in SS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xiao
- Department of Rheumatology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Respiratory, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
| | - Feng Zhan
- Department of Rheumatology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan, China
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Phytochemical Study on Seeds of Paeonia clusii subsp. rhodia-Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054935. [PMID: 36902364 PMCID: PMC10003135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the black fertile (BSs) and the red unfertile seeds (RSs) of the Greek endemic Paeonia clusii subsp. rhodia (Stearn) Tzanoud were studied for the first time. Nine phenolic derivatives, trans-resveratol, trans-resveratrol-4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, trans-ε-viniferin, trans-gnetin H, luteolin, luteolin 3'-O-β-d-glucoside, luteolin 3',4'-di-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and benzoic acid, along with the monoterpene glycoside paeoniflorin, have been isolated and structurally elucidated. Furthermore, 33 metabolites have been identified from BSs through UHPLC-HRMS, including 6 monoterpene glycosides of the paeoniflorin type with the characteristic cage-like terpenic skeleton found only in plants of the genus Paeonia, 6 gallic acid derivatives, 10 oligostilbene compounds, and 11 flavonoid derivatives. From the RSs, through HS-SPME and GC-MS, 19 metabolites were identified, among which nopinone, myrtanal, and cis-myrtanol have been reported only in peonies' roots and flowers to date. The total phenolic content of both seed extracts (BS and RS) was extremely high (up to 289.97 mg GAE/g) and, moreover, they showed interesting antioxidative activity and anti-tyrosinase properties. The isolated compounds were also biologically evaluated. Especially in the case of trans-gnetin H, the expressed anti-tyrosinase activity was higher than that of kojic acid, which is a well-known whitening agent standard.
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The Multiple Pharmacologic Functions and Mechanisms of Action of Guizhi Fuling Formulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6813421. [PMID: 35529925 PMCID: PMC9076289 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6813421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Guizhi Fuling Formulation (GZFL), a traditional Chinese medical formulation, consists of Cinnamomi Ramulus, Paeoniae Radix Alba (or Paeoniae Radix Rubra), Moutan Cortex, Persicae Semen, and Poria, with multiple therapeutic functions such as sedation, antitumor activity, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotection. However, its clinical applications remain relatively fragmented, and the underlying mechanisms of GZFL in different diseases are still not very certain. Further research and summary in both application and mechanisms remain to be needed for human health and the best use of GZFL. Therefore, we summarized the multiple pharmacologic effects and possible mechanisms of action of GZFL according to recent 17 years of research. Methods We retrieved four English and two Chinese databases using these keywords (the formulation name or its synonyms) and searched articles written in English from January 2006 up to February 2022. Key Findings. GZFL exhibits multiple pharmacologic advantages in gynecologic diseases and other expanding diseases such as cancer, blood, and vascular disease, renal failure, inflammation, and brain injury. Possibly due to its diverse bioactive components and pharmacologic activities, GZFL could target the multiple signaling pathways involved in regulating blood circulation, inflammatory and immune factors, proliferation, apoptosis, and so on. Conclusion This review suggests that GZFL displays promising therapeutic effects for many kinds of diseases, which have been beyond the scope of the original prescription for gynecologic diseases. In this way, we wish to provide a reference and recommendation for further preclinic and clinic studies.
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Park KR, Lee H, Kim SH, Yun HM. Paeoniflorigenone regulates apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis to induce anti-cancer bioactivities in human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 288:115000. [PMID: 35051602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paonia suffruticosa Andr. belonging to the family Paeoniaceae and has been used as a medicinal plant in Asian countries including China, Korea, and Japan. The roots of P. suffruticosa has been used in traditional medicine in various diseases including cancer and cardiovascular, female genital, and inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) pathologically account for 90% of all head and neck cancers. However, effective targeted therapies for HNSCCs are insufficient and the prognosis is very poor, especially in patients with metastatic HNSCCs. To overcome the current limitations of available therapies for HNSCCs, pathological approaches using natural compounds are attracting attention. Our study aimed to demonstrate the anti-cancer effects of paeoniflorigenone (Paeo, 98.9% purity) isolated from the root bark of P. suffruticosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our scientific methodology was performed as follows: cytotoxicity, morphological changes, and apototic DNA fragmentation were analyzed using MTT, light microscopy, and TUNEL assays. Protein expression, apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy were analyzed using Western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed using wound healing and Boyden chamber assays. RESULTS We demonstrated that Paeo significantly reduced cell proliferation and cell division, leading to caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in human YD-10B HNSCC cells. This result was associated with PI3K/AKT/mTOR/p70S6K signaling in these cells. In addition, we investigated other programmed cell death mechanisms associated with apoptosis and found that Paeo inhibited necroptosis via dephosphorylation of key necroptotic proteins (RIP and MLKL), whereas Paeo induced autophagy via increased LC3I/II expression and autophagosome formation in human YD-10B HNSCC cells. The anti-metastatic effects of Paeo significantly suppressed cell migration and invasion in human YD-10B HNSCC cells. CONCLUSION Overall, our results demonstrated that the bioactive compound, Paeo, exhibited anti-cancer bioactivities in human YD-10B HNSCC cells, suggesting that Paeo may be an attractive pathological approach for patients with human HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Ran Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanna Lee
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- National Development Institute of Korean Medicine, Gyeongsan, 38540, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Mun Yun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Sun X, Chen L, Yan H, Cui L, Hussain H, Xie L, Liu J, Jiang Y, Meng Z, Cao G, Park J, Wang D. An efficient high-speed counter-current chromatography method for the preparative separation of potential antioxidant from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. combination of in vitro evaluation and molecular docking. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:1856-1865. [PMID: 35338696 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Paeonia lactiflora Pall., one of the most famous classical herbal medicine, has been used to treat diseases for over 1200 years. In this research, the functional ingredients were purified by online-switch two-dimensional high-speed counter-current chromatography combined with inner-recycling and continuous injection mode. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by investigating the 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride-induced oxidant damage in vitro and confirmed through molecular docking. n-Butanol/ethyl acetate/water (2:3:5, v/v) solvent system was used for the first dimensional separation and optimized the sample loading. Two pure compounds and a polyphenol-enriched fraction were separated. The polyphenol-enriched fraction was separated with a solvent system n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water (2:8:4:6, v/v) with continuous injection mode. Five compounds were successfully separated, including gallic acid (1), methyl gallate (2), albiflorin (3), paeoniflorin (4), and ethyl gallate (5). Their structures were identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. The results from antioxidant effect showed that albiflorin had stronger antioxidant activity. Molecular docking results indicated that the affinity energy of the identified compounds ranged from -3.79 to -8.22 kcal/mol and albiflorin showed the lowest affinity energy. Overall, all those findings suggested that the strong antioxidant capacity of albiflorin can be potentially used for treatment of diseases that caused by oxidation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Sun
- Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, 274000, China.,College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Long Chen
- Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, 274000, China.,College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Huijiao Yan
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Li Cui
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle (Saale), D-06120, Germany
| | - Lei Xie
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Medicines of Orthopedic Pain of Shandong Province, Shandong C.P. Freda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250104, China
| | - Yujuan Jiang
- Engineering Research Center for Medicines of Orthopedic Pain of Shandong Province, Shandong C.P. Freda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250104, China
| | - Zhaoqing Meng
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Guiyun Cao
- Shandong Hongjitang Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250103, China
| | - Jeonghill Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daijie Wang
- Biological Engineering Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Heze Branch of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Heze, 274000, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, China
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Wu Y, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Zhou J, Yu Y, Zhou Y, Kang T. Chemical Profiling and Antioxidant Evaluation of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. "Zhongjiang" by HPLC-ESI-MS Combined with DPPH Assay. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:795-805. [PMID: 33558884 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Paeonia lactiflora Pall. "Zhongjiang" is one of the four major medicinal P. lactiflora plants in China. In this research, a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detector (DAD)-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method was established to identify various components in the extracts of P. lactiflora "Zhongjiang" (root extract or RE, stem and leaf extract or SLE and flower extract or FE). A total of 40 compounds, including 19 monoterpenoid glycosides, five tannins, 10 phenolic acids and their esters, and six other compounds, were determined or temporarily inferred from RE (35 species), SLE (20 species) and FE (15 species). Antioxidant evaluation indicates among the monomer compounds, catechin, gallic acid and ethyl gallate showed strong antioxidant activity close to vitamin C, ascorbic acid (Vc). Paeoniflorin, albiflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin and 6'-O-benzoylalbiflorin had certain antioxidant activities, which were much lower than Vc. Furthermore, 19, 15 and 15 antioxidant-reactive components were screened from RE, SLE and FE by using the 1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-HPLC test results. Results indicated that the ethanol extracts of P. lactiflora "Zhongjiang" had strong antioxidant activity, and the antioxidant active material basis was mainly composed of phenolic acids and gallic acid tannins. The main components of P. lactiflora "Zhongjiang", monoterpenoid glycosides, had weak antioxidant capacity. Paeonia lactiflora stems, leaves and flowers were good sources of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Wu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P.R. China.,College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhou
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an 625014, P.R. China.,College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, P.R. China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, P.R. China
| | - Tairan Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, P.R. China
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Effects of a complex mixture prepared from agrimonia, houttuynia, licorice, peony, and phellodendron on human skin cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22132. [PMID: 33335246 PMCID: PMC7746697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79301-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Active ingredients derived from natural sources are widely utilized in many industries. Cosmetic active ingredients are largely derived from various plants. In this study, we examined whether a mixture of plant extracts obtained from agrimonia, houttuynia, licorice, peony, and phellodendron (hereafter AHLPP), which are well-known for their effects on skin, could affect skin barrier function, inflammation, and aging in human skin cells. We also determined whether AHLPP extracts sterilized using γ-irradiation (to avoid preservatives) retained their skin cell regulating activity. The AHLPP mixture could downregulate representative pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL 1-β and IL 7. Procollagen peptide synthesis was also increased by AHLPP treatment along with mRNA upregulation of barrier proteins such as filaggrin and desmoplakin. The AHLPP mixture showed an anti-aging effect by significantly upregulating telomerase activity in human keratinocytes. We further observed TERT upregulation and CDKN1B downregulation, implying a weakening of pro-aging signal transduction. Co-cultivation of a hydrogel polymer containing the AHLPP mixture with human skin cells showed an alteration in skin-significant genes such as FLG, which encodes filaggrin. Thus, the AHLPP mixture with or without γ-irradiation can be utilized for skin protection as it alters the expression of some significant genes in human skin cells.
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Comparative Pharmacokinetic Studies of Paeoniflorin, Albiflorin and Oxypaeoniflorin Between Normal and Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Rats Based on the Simultaneous Determinations Using an UPLC-MS–MS Method. Chromatographia 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-020-03954-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Michalea R, Stathopoulou K, Polychronopoulos P, Benaki D, Mikros E, Aligiannis N. Efficient identification of Acetylcholinesterase and Hyaluronidase inhibitors from Paeonia parnassica extracts through a HeteroCovariance Approach. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:111547. [PMID: 30336304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE On the basis of the relevant reference in the poem Theriaca of the ancient Greek physician Nicander and its traditional use, Paeonia parnassica was selected for the evaluation of two extracts obtained from the roots and aerial parts to inhibit hydrolytic enzymes involved in snake envenomation. The secondary metabolites which contribute to these activities were detected through a novel HeteroCovariance NMR based approach. Afterwards these ingredients were isolated, identified and evaluated for their inhibitory potency. AIM OF THE STUDY The identification of acetylcholinesterase and hyaluronidase inhibitors from Paeonia parnassica extracts was used as a case study for the introduction of a recently developed methodology to evaluate ethnopharmacological data and exploit them for the discovery of bioactive natural compounds. This process is based on the fractionation of the selected extracts and the simultaneous phytochemical analysis and biological assessment of the resulting fractions, which permits the rapid detection of the specified secondary metabolites prior to any laborious and time-consuming purification. MATERIALS AND METHODS The roots and aerial parts of P. parnassica were extracted using methanol: water 50:50 and the two resulted extracts were fractionated by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography. The obtained fractions were evaluated in-vitro for their ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and hyaluronidase enzymes and their 1H NMR spectra were recorded. The biological activity was statistically correlated with the spectral data through the HeteroCovariance Approach (HetCA). Finally the purification, identification and biological evaluation of targeted secondary metabolites were carried out. RESULTS The general chemical structures and some explicit secondary metabolites which contribute (e.g. gallotannins, gallic acid derivatives) or not (characteristic "cage-like" monoterpenes of the genus, glycosylated flavonoids) to the anti-acetylcholinesterase and anti-hyaluronidase activities were detected through HetCA. The consequent isolation and biological evaluation of targeted compounds were performed in order to validate the effectiveness and precision of the methodology. This procedure revealed the most active ingredients of both extracts obtained from roots and aerial parts against the above mentioned biological targets, as well as other compounds possessing moderate activity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study contributed to the verification of the ancient text Theriaca regarding the use of Paeonia parnassica to treat the snake bite symptoms. Furthermore, the ingredients of the Paeonia parnassica extracts, which were responsible for their anti-cholinesterase and anti-hyaluronidase activities, were determined applying a HetCA methodology before their isolation. Therefore, the current work provides clear evidence that HetCA could consist an efficient tool for the exploitation of traditional medicine information in order to discover bioactive natural compounds and develop new pharmacotherapies which serve the needs of contemporary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozalia Michalea
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Stathopoulou
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Polychronopoulos
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Benaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Mikros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Nektarios Aligiannis
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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Chen CM, Chen WL, Hung CT, Lin TH, Lee MC, Chen IC, Lin CH, Chao CY, Wu YR, Chang KH, Hsieh-Li HM, Lee-Chen GJ. Shaoyao Gancao Tang (SG-Tang), a formulated Chinese medicine, reduces aggregation and exerts neuroprotection in spinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) cell and mouse models. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:986-1007. [PMID: 30760647 PMCID: PMC6382417 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 17 is an autosomal dominant ataxia caused by expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the TATA-box binding protein (TBP). Substantial studies have shown involvement of compromised mitochondria biogenesis regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2), nuclear factor-Y subunit A (NFYA), and their downstream target genes in the pathogenesis of polyQ-expansion diseases. The extracts of Paeonia lactiflora (P. lactiflora) and Glycyrrhiza uralensis (G. uralensis) have long been used as a Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). Shaoyao Gancao Tang (SG-Tang) is a formulated CHM made of P. lactiflora and G. uralensis at a 1:1 ratio. In the present study, we demonstrated the aggregate-inhibitory and anti-oxidative effect of SG-Tang in 293 TBP/Q79 cells. We then showed that SG-Tang reduced the aggregates and ameliorated the neurite outgrowth deficits in TBP/Q79 SH-SY5Y cells. SG-Tang upregulated expression levels of NFYA, PGC-1α, NRF2, and their downstream target genes in TBP/Q79 SH-SY5Y cells. Knock down of NFYA, PGC-1α, and NRF2 attenuated the neurite outgrowth promoting effect of SG-Tang on TBP/Q79 SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, SG-Tang inhibited aggregation and rescued motor-deficits in SCA17 mouse model. The study results suggest the potential of SG-Tang in treating SCA17 and probable other polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ling Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ting Hung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Te-Hsien Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | | | - I-Cheng Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ying Chao
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu Mei Hsieh-Li
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Guey-Jen Lee-Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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Xue J, Liu T, Liu Y, Jiang Y, Seshadri VDD, Mohan SK, Ling L. Neuroprotective effect of biosynthesised gold nanoparticles synthesised from root extract of Paeonia moutan against Parkinson disease - In vitro &In vivo model. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 200:111635. [PMID: 31671372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease is one of the most common neurological movement disorders affecting geriatric population. Biosynthesized gold nanoparticles are the ideal alternatives spotlighted by many researchers to treat various diseases. In the present study we synthesized gold nanoparticles using the root extract of Paeonia mountan, woody trees which are used in traditional Chinese medicine to be prescribed for diverse diseases. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles was confirmed with UV-Vis spectroscopic analysis and characterized using FTIR, HR-TEM, EDAX and XRD analysis. The cytotoxicity property of synthesized gold nanoparticles was assessed using MTT assay in the murine microglial BV2 cells. The neuroprotective effect of synthesized gold nanoparticles in inflammatory agent lipopolysaccharides triggered murine microglial BV2 cells was evaluated using nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and inflammatory cytokines assays such as IL-6&IL-1β. Further to confirm in vivo effect of synthesized nanoparticles, the nanoparticles were treated to Parkinson induced C57BL/6 mice. Behavioral, biochemical and molecular analysis were performed to estimate the potency of synthesized gold nanoparticles against the Parkinson induction in mice model. Our characterization results prove the gold nanoparticles synthesized using Paeonia mountan fulfills the requirement of ideal nanodrug and it potentially inhibited the inflammation in in vitro murine microglial BV2. The results of in vivo experiments authentically confirm gold nanoparticles synthesized using Paeonia mountan alleviates the neuroinflammation and improves the motor coordination in Parkinson induced mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Xue
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding city, Hebei province 071000, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding city, Hebei province 071000, China
| | - Yongdan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Heilongjiang Hospital, Harbin city, Heilongjiang province 150000, China
| | - Ye Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding city, Hebei province 071000, China
| | | | - Surapaneni Krishna Mohan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Applied Medical Sciences - Jubail (CAMSJ), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O.Box 4030, Al Ansar Rd, Deffi, Jubail Industrial City, Al Jubail 35816, Saudi Arabia
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding city, Hebei province 071000, China.
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Demir A, Turumtay H, Emirik M, Sandalli C, Kanbolat Ş, Özgen U, Turumtay EA. Paeoniflorigenone purified from Paeonia daurica roots potently inhibits viral and bacterial DNA polymerases: investigation by experimental validation and docking simulation. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Kamal M, Naz M, Jawaid T, Arif M. Natural products and their active principles used in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-019-00396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Deng LJ, Lei YH, Chiu TF, Qi M, Gan H, Zhang G, Peng ZD, Zhang DM, Chen YF, Chen JX. The Anticancer Effects of Paeoniflorin and Its Underlying Mechanisms. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19876409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is an important pharmacological component of some Chinese traditional herbal formulas, such as Bai Shao, Chi Shao, and Dan Pi, which have been clinically used for centuries. Although many experimental studies have explored a wide range of pharmacological properties of PF, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunoregulatory, and prevention of insulin resistance, there is no review to describe these reported effects systematically, especially the antitumor effect and the underlying mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the anticancer profiles both in vitro and in vivo of PF. Moreover, we highlight the integrated molecular mechanisms of PF and contemplate its future prospects as a potential anticancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Deng
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yu-He Lei
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tsz-Fung Chiu
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ming Qi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hua Gan
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Da Peng
- Ji Chuang Health Technology Development (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Fen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xu Chen
- Formula-pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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19
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Formulated Chinese Medicine Shaoyao Gancao Tang Reduces Tau Aggregation and Exerts Neuroprotection through Anti-Oxidation and Anti-Inflammation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9595741. [PMID: 30510632 PMCID: PMC6230396 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9595741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Misfolded tau proteins induce accumulation of free radicals and promote neuroinflammation by activating microglia-releasing proinflammatory cytokines, leading to neuronal cell death. Traditional Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used in clinical practice to treat neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. This study examined the neuroprotection effects of formulated CHMs Bai-Shao (made of Paeonia lactiflora), Gan-Cao (made of Glycyrrhiza uralensis), and Shaoyao Gancao Tang (SG-Tang, made of P. lactiflora and G. uralensis at 1 : 1 ratio) in cell model of tauopathy. Our results showed that SG-Tang displayed a greater antioxidative and antiaggregation effect than Bai-Shao and Gan-Cao and a stronger anti-inflammatory activity than Bai-Shao but similar to Gan-Cao. In inducible 293/SH-SY5Y cells expressing proaggregant human tau repeat domain (ΔK280 tauRD), SG-Tang reduced tau misfolding and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in ΔK280 tauRD 293 cells and promoted neurite outgrowth in ΔK280 tauRD SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, SG-Tang displayed anti-inflammatory effects by reducing nitric oxide (NO) production in mouse BV-2 microglia and increased cell viability of ΔK280 tauRD-expressing SH-SY5Y cells inflamed by BV-2 conditioned medium. To uncover the neuroprotective mechanisms of SG-Tang, apoptosis protein array analysis of inflamed tau expressing SH-SY5Y cells was conducted and the suppression of proapoptotic proteins was confirmed. In conclusion, SG-Tang displays neuroprotection by exerting antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities to suppress neuronal apoptosis in human tau cell models. The study results lay the base for future applications of SG-Tang on tau animal models to validate its effect of reducing tau misfolding and potential disease modification.
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20
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Wang H, Ma S, Li J, Zhao M, Huo X, Sun J, Sun L, Hu J, Liu Q. ADAM17 participates in the protective effect of paeoniflorin on mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9320-9329. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifang Wang
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Shuhui Ma
- Department of Clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine‐Western MedicineXi'an JiaoTong University School of MedicineXi'anChina
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese MedicineShaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- Department of Clinical Traditional Chinese Medicine‐Western MedicineXi'an JiaoTong University School of MedicineXi'anChina
| | - Xueping Huo
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Jingying Sun
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Lijun Sun
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Jun Hu
- Laboratory Center of Shaanxi Provincial People's HospitalXi'anChina
| | - Qinshe Liu
- Medical Experiment Center and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular DiseasesShaanxi University of Chinese MedicineXi'anChina
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21
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Prophylactic Neuroprotection of Total Glucosides of Paeoniae Radix Alba against Semen Strychni-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats: Suppressing Oxidative Stress and Reducing the Absorption of Toxic Components. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040514. [PMID: 29677121 PMCID: PMC5946299 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Strychnos alkaloids (SAs) are the main toxic constituents in Semen Strychni, a traditional Chinese medicine, which is known for its fatal neurotoxicity. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate the neurotoxicity induced by SAs and the pre-protective effects of the total glucosides of Paeoniae Radix Alba (TGP). An SA brain damage model was firstly established. The neurotoxicity induced by SAs and the pre-protective effects of TGP were confirmed by physical and behavioral testing, biochemical assay, and histological examination. Then, a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated to investigate the time-course change and distribution of strychnine and brucine (two main SAs) in the brain after oral SA administration with or without TGP pretreatment. Biochemical analysis results indicated that TGP could ameliorate the oxidative stress status caused by SAs. Time-course change and distribution studies demonstrated that strychnine and brucine were rapidly absorbed into the brain, peaked early at 0.5 h, and were mainly located in the hippocampus and cerebellum. TGP showed a pre-protective effect against neurotoxicity by reducing the absorption of toxic alkaloids into the brain. These findings could provide beneficial information in facilitating future studies of Semen Strychni neurotoxicity and developing herbal medicines to alleviate neurotoxicity in the clinic.
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Rapid Determination of Isomeric Benzoylpaeoniflorin and Benzoylalbiflorin in Rat Plasma by LC-MS/MS Method. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:1693464. [PMID: 28567056 PMCID: PMC5439074 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1693464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzoylpaeoniflorin (BP) is a potential therapeutic agent against oxidative stress related Alzheimer's disease. In this study, a more rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine BP in rat plasma distinguishing with a monoterpene isomer, benzoylalbiflorin (BA). The method showed a linear response from 1 to 1000 ng/mL (r > 0.9950). The precision of the interday and intraday ranged from 2.03 to 12.48% and the accuracy values ranged from -8.00 to 10.33%. Each running of the method could be finished in 4 minutes. The LC-MS/MS method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability and was found to be acceptable for bioanalytical application. Finally, this fully validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats following oral administration.
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Hong C, Schüffler A, Kauhl U, Cao J, Wu CF, Opatz T, Thines E, Efferth T. Identification of NF-κB as Determinant of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Its Inhibition by the Chinese Herbal Remedy Free and Easy Wanderer. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:181. [PMID: 28428751 PMCID: PMC5382210 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental disorder developing after exposure to traumatic events. Although psychotherapy reveals some therapeutic effectiveness, clinically sustainable cure is still uncertain. Some Chinese herbal formulae are reported to work well clinically against mental diseases in Asian countries, but the safety and their mode of action are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of Chinese remedy free and easy wanderer (FAEW) on PTSD. We used a reverse pharmacology approach combining clinical data to search for mechanisms of PTSD with subsequent in vitro verification and bioinformatics techniques as follows: (1) by analyzing microarray-based transcriptome-wide mRNA expression profiling of PTSD patients; (2) by investigating the effect of FAEW and the antidepressant control drug fluoxetine on the transcription factor NF-κB using reporter cell assays and western blotting; (3) by performing molecular docking and literature data mining based on phytochemical constituents of FAEW. The results suggest an involvement of inflammatory processes mediated through NF-κB in the progression of PTSD. FAEW was non-cytotoxic in vitro and inhibited NF-κB activity and p65 protein expression. FAEW's anti-inflammatory compounds, i.e., paeoniflorin, isoliquiritin, isoliquiritin apioside and ononin were evaluated for binding to IκK and p65-RelA in a molecular docking approach. Paeoniflorin, albiflorin, baicalin, isoliquiritin and liquiritin have been reported to relieve depression in vivo or in clinical trials, which might be the active ingredients for FAEW against PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlan Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Anja Schüffler
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff Forschung gGmbHKaiserslautern, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kauhl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Jingming Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Ching-Fen Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Eckhard Thines
- Institut für Biotechnologie und Wirkstoff Forschung gGmbHKaiserslautern, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainz, Germany
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24
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Zhao DD, Jiang LL, Li HY, Yan PF, Zhang YL. Chemical Components and Pharmacological Activities of Terpene Natural Products from the Genus Paeonia. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101362. [PMID: 27754383 PMCID: PMC6273841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonia is the single genus of ca. 33 known species in the family Paeoniaceae, found in Asia, Europe and Western North America. Up to now, more than 180 compounds have been isolated from nine species of the genus Paeonia, including terpenes, phenols, flavonoids, essential oil and tannins. Terpenes, the most abundant naturally occurring compounds, which accounted for about 57% and occurred in almost every species, are responsible for the observed in vivo and in vitro biological activities. This paper aims to give a comprehensive overview of the recent phytochemical and pharmacological knowledge of the terpenes from Paeonia plants, and enlighten further drug discovery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xue-Fu Road, Nan-Gang District, Harbin 150080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
- Heilongjiang University Hospital, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Hong-Yi Li
- Heilongjiang University Hospital, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, 74 Xue-Fu Road, Nan-Gang District, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Yan-Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Heilongjiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China.
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Shi JJ, Zhang JG, Sun YH, Qu J, Li L, Prasad C, Wei ZJ. Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from peony seed dreg. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Shi JJ, Zhang JG, Sun YH, Xu QX, Li L, Prasad C, Wei ZJ. The rheological properties of polysaccharides sequentially extracted from peony seed dreg. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 91:760-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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27
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Lee G, Joo JC, Choi BY, Lindroth AM, Park SJ, Park YJ. Neuroprotective effects of Paeonia Lactiflora extract against cell death of dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells is mediated by epigenetic modulation. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:208. [PMID: 27405852 PMCID: PMC4942901 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The Paeonia lactiflora extract (PLE) has been reported to have neuroprotective effect against neurodegeneration that are induced by cellular stress such as oxidative stress. Its underlying mechanisms, however, remain unclear. In latest decades, emerging evidence has suggested that epigenetic mechanisms play a key role in gene regulation in response to the cellular stress. We investigated whether epigenetic modulation was involved in neuronal cell death by the neurotoxicant, 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+), and the neuroprotective effect of PLE. Methods Differentiated SH-SY5Y, which is a well-established dopaminergic cell line model, was treated with 0 ~ 200 μg/ml PLE for 4 h prior to MPP+ treatment. The effect of PLE on cell viability was determined by MTT assays. Gene expression levels of oxidative stress responsive genes, such as Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), and histone modifiers, such as histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and deacetylases (HDACs) were measured by quantitative RT PCR. In order to investigate the changes in epigenetic modifications, the acetylated lysine 9 (H3K9ac) and lysine 27 (H3K27ac) of Histone H3 were measured by western blot using histones extracted from the cells. Results MPP+-induced cell death in SH-SY5Y cells was significantly reduced by PLE pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the potent neuroprotective effects of PLE. It was accompanied by induced expression of HMOX1. MPP+ treatment increased the expression of HATs and consistently increased H3K9ac and H3K27ac of Histone H3. PLE pretreatment impeded the changes in H3K9ac and H3K27ac, coincided with increased expression of HDAC5 without changes in HAT expression. Conclusions The results suggested that MPP+-induced cell death in the dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells was related with transcriptional induction of HATs and increased histone H3 acetylation and that PLE might prevent the cells from MPP+-induced cell death via tempering histone H3 acetylation.
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Parker S, May B, Zhang C, Zhang AL, Lu C, Xue CC. A Pharmacological Review of Bioactive Constituents ofPaeonia lactifloraPallas andPaeonia veitchiiLynch. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1445-73. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shefton Parker
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - Brian May
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - Claire Zhang
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangzhou China
- The Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
| | - Charlie Changli Xue
- China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences; RMIT University; PO Box 71 Bundoora Victoria 3083 Australia
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Guangzhou China
- The Second Clinical College; Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; Guangzhou China
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Wang C, Yuan J, Zhang LL, Wei W. Pharmacokinetic comparisons of Paeoniflorin and Paeoniflorin-6'O-benzene sulfonate in rats via different routes of administration. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:1142-1150. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2016.1149633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ling Ling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, PR China
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Kong L, Wang S, Wu X, Zuo F, Qin H, Wu J. Paeoniflorin attenuates ultraviolet B-induced apoptosis in human keratinocytes by inhibiting the ROS-p38-p53 pathway. Mol Med Rep 2016; 13:3553-8. [PMID: 26936104 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light is one of the most harmful environmental factors that contribute to skin damage. Exposure to UV induces extensive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and results in photoaging and skin cancer development. One approach to protecting human skin against UV radiation is the use of antioxidants. In recent years, naturally occurring herbal compounds have gained considerable attention as protective agents for UV exposure. Paeoniflorin (PF) is a novel natural antioxidant, which is isolated from peony root (Radix Paeoniae Alba). The present study evaluated the protective effects of PF on UV‑induced skin damage in vitro, and demonstrated that the effects were mediated via the ROS‑p38‑p53 pathway. The results of the present study demonstrated that treatment with PF (25, 50, and 100 µM) significantly increased the percentage of viable keratinocytes after UV‑B exposure. In addition, cell death analysis indicated that PF treatment markedly reduced UV‑B‑radiation‑induced apoptosis in keratinocytes, which was accompanied by increased procaspase 3 expression and decreased cleaved caspase 3 expression. Treatment with PF markedly reduced the production of ROS, and inhibited the activation of p38 and p53 in human keratinocytes, thus suggesting that the ROS‑p38‑p53 pathway has a role in UV‑B‑induced skin damage. In conclusion, the present study reported that PF was able to attenuate UV‑B‑induced cell damage in human keratinocytes. Notably, these effects were shown to be mediated, at least in part, via inhibition of the ROS-p38-p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingwen Kong
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Shangshang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Fuguo Zuo
- Department of Dermatology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P.R. China
| | - Haihong Qin
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jinfeng Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
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Wu G, Wu N, Li T, Lu W, Yu G. Total glucosides of peony ameliorates Sjögren's syndrome by affecting Th1/Th2 cytokine balance. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1135-1141. [PMID: 26998049 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of total glucosides of peony (TGP) in the treatment of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). A total of 40 mice with SS were evenly assigned into four groups, including: Control group; TGP group, receiving 1 mg TGP daily; hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) group, receiving 0.25 mg HCQ daily; and a combined group, receiving 1 mg TGP and 0.25 mg HCQ daily. After 8 weeks, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4), Fas and FasL in each group of mice. In addition, immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine the expression levels of IFN-γ and IL-4. IFN-γ, IL-4, Fas and FasL levels were significantly increased in the control group compared with the other three groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, the expression levels of these factors were reduced in the combined group in comparison with the HCQ group (P<0.05). The ratios of IFN-γ to IL-4 were decreased in the TGP and combined groups compared with the control group (P<0.05). The present results indicate that TGP ameliorates SS by affecting the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and decreasing the expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-4, Fas and FasL. Therefore, TGP may represent a potential novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Wu
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Nayuan Wu
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Function Institute of Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Wenwen Lu
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Guoyou Yu
- Department of Chinese Traditional Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
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Du GH, Yuan TY, Du LD, Zhang YX. The Potential of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment and Modulation of Pain. PHARMACOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND THE MODULATION OF PAIN 2016; 75:325-61. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Not only serotonergic system, but also dopaminergic system involved in albiflorin against chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depression-like behavior in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:211-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ma X, Zhao YL, Zhu Y, Chen Z, Wang JB, Li RY, Chen C, Wei SZ, Li JY, Liu B, Wang RL, Li YG, Wang LF, Xiao XH. Paeonia lactiflora Pall. protects against ANIT-induced cholestasis by activating Nrf2 via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5061-74. [PMID: 26366057 PMCID: PMC4562737 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s90030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (PLP), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has been used for hepatic disease treatment over thousands of years. In our previous study, PLP was shown to demonstrate therapeutic effect on hepatitis with severe cholestasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidative effect of PLP on alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced cholestasis by activating NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway. Materials and methods Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed to identify the main compounds present in PLP. The mechanism of action of PLP and its therapeutic effect on cholestasis, induced by ANIT, were further investigated. Serum indices such as total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT), and total bile acid (TBA) were measured, and histopathology of liver was also performed to determine the efficacy of treatment with PLP. Moreover, in order to illustrate the underlying signaling pathway, liver glutathione (GSH) content and mRNA or protein levels of glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLc), glutamate-cysteine ligase modulatory subunit (GCLm), Akt, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H/quinone oxidoreductase 1 (Nqo1), and Nrf2 were further analyzed. In addition, validation of PLP putative target network was also performed in silico. Results Four major compounds including paeoniflorin, albiflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, and benzoylpaeoniflorin were identified by LC-MS analysis in water extract of PLP. Moreover, PLP could remarkably downregulate serum levels of TBIL, DBIL, AST, ALT, ALP, γ-GT, and TBA, and alleviate the histological damage of liver tissue caused by ANIT. It enhanced antioxidative system by activating PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway through increasing Akt, Nrf2, HO-1, Nqo1, GCLc, and GCLm expression. The putative targets network validation also confirmed the important role of PLP in activating Akt expression. Conclusion The potential mechanism of PLP in alleviating ANIT-induced cholestasis could to be related to the induction of GSH synthesis by activating Nrf2 through PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway. This indicates that PLP might be a potential therapeutic agent for cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ma
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-ling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-bo Wang
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-yu Li
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China ; China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Chen
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-zhang Wei
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People's Republic of China ; Department of Pharmacy, 302 Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-yu Li
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Rui-lin Wang
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-gang Li
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-fu Wang
- Department of Integrative Medical Center, 302 Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-he Xiao
- China Military Institute of Chinese Medicine, 302 Military Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Chu C, Zhang S, Tong S, Li X, Li Q, Yan J. Elution-extrusion counter-current chromatography for the separation of two pairs of isomeric monoterpenes from Paeoniae Alba Radix. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:3110-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201500409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chu Chu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Shidi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Xingnuo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Qingyong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Jizhong Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science; Zhejiang University of Technology; Hangzhou P. R. China
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Paeoniflorin attenuates Aβ1-42-induced inflammation and chemotaxis of microglia in vitro and inhibits NF-κB- and VEGF/Flt-1 signaling pathways. Brain Res 2015; 1618:149-58. [PMID: 26049130 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2015.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer׳s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with elusive pathogenesis, which accounts for most cases of dementia in the aged population. It has been reported that persistent inflammatory responses and excessive chemotaxis of microglia stimulated by beta-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers in the brain may accelerate the progression of AD. The present study was conducted to explore whether paeoniflorin (PF), a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside isolated from the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas, could attenuate Aβ1-42-induced toxic effects on primary and BV-2 microglial cells in vitro. Our data showed that PF pretreatment inhibited Aβ1-42-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in rodent microglia. Also, the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) subunit p65 and the phosphorylation of NF-κB inhibitor alpha (IκBα) in Aβ1-42-stimulated microglial cells were suppressed by PF administration. Moreover, PF treatment reduced the release of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL-2) from Aβ1-42-stimulated microglia. Additionally, application of PF inhibited the increases in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF receptor 1 (Flt-1) triggered by Aβ1-42, and resulted in a concomitant reduction in microglial chemotaxis. Restoration of VEGF was noted to counteract the inhibitory effect of PF, suggesting that PF mitigated Aβ1-42-elicited microglial migration at least partly by suppressing the VEGF/Flt-1 axis. In summary, in presence of Aβ1-42, PF pretreatment inhibited the excessive microglial activation and chemotaxis.
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Xu X, Li F, Zhang X, Li P, Zhang X, Wu Z, Li D. In vitro synergistic antioxidant activity and identification of antioxidant components from Astragalus membranaceus and Paeonia lactiflora. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96780. [PMID: 24816851 PMCID: PMC4016014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many traditionally used herbs demonstrate significantly better pharmacological effects when used in combination than when used alone. However, the mechanism underlying this synergism is still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic antioxidant activity of Astragalus membranaceus (AME) and Paeonia Lactiflora (PL), and identify the potential antioxidant components by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) radical spiking test followed by a high performance liquid chromatography separation combined with diode array detection and tandem mass spectrometry analysis (DPPH-HPLC-DAD-MS/MS). Eight AME-PL combined extracts (E1-E8) were prepared based on bioactivity-guided fractionation. Among them, E1 exhibited the strongest synergistic effect in scavenging DPPH radicals and reducing ferric ions (P<0.05). Moreover, E1 presented strong cytoprotection against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in MRC-5 cells by suppressing the decrease of the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities. A strong correlation between the increment of total phenolic/flavonoid and synergistic antioxidant activity, especially between the increment of total flavonoid and the increase in ferric reducing power was observed. Finally, seven antioxidant substances were identified in E1 as oxypaeoniflora, catechin, calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, fomononetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 9,10-dimethoxy-pterocarpan-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, quercetin and 2'-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethyl-isoflavan-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhaoxi Wu
- Department of Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- Department of Food Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
- National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Taian, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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Luo C, Wang H, Chen X, Cui Y, Li H, Long J, Mo X, Liu J. Protection of H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts against oxidative insults by total paeony glucosides from Radix Paeoniae Rubrae. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 21:20-24. [PMID: 24035226 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Total paeony glucosides (TPG) extracted from the roots of Radix Paeoniae Rubrae, have been approved for the therapy of rheumatoid arthritis by the State Food and Drug Administration. We previously demonstrated the myocardial protective effects of TPG in both isoprenaline-induced myocardial ischemia rat and acute myocardial infarction rat. However, the underlying mechanism of TPG effect in cardiomyocytes remains to be investigated. The aims of this study were to elucidate the effect of TPG on the activities of antioxidant defense targets and the bioenergetic system in rat cardiomyocytes. The changes of viability, antioxidant defense system activities, protein contents, and mitochondrial functions in tert-butyl hydroperoxide challenged H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts were evaluated. The results suggest that TPG ameliorated cardiomyoblast dysfunction by preserving antioxidant defense and bioenergetic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Luo
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology and Frontier Institute of Life Science, FIST, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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Zhao Y, Zhou G, Wang J, Jia L, Zhang P, Li R, Shan L, Liu B, Song X, Liu S, Xiao X. Paeoniflorin protects against ANIT-induced cholestasis by ameliorating oxidative stress in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:242-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Aqueous Extract of Paeonia lactiflora and Paeoniflorin as Aggregation Reducers Targeting Chaperones in Cell Models of Spinocerebellar Ataxia 3. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:471659. [PMID: 23533486 PMCID: PMC3596917 DOI: 10.1155/2013/471659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) types 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, and 17 as well as Huntington's disease are a group of neurodegenerative disorders caused by expanded CAG repeats encoding a long polyglutamine (polyQ) tract in the respective proteins. Evidence has shown that the accumulation of intranuclear and cytoplasmic misfolded polyQ proteins leads to apoptosis and cell death. Thus suppression of aggregate formation is expected to inhibit a wide range of downstream pathogenic events in polyQ diseases. In this study, we established a high-throughput aggregation screening system using 293 ATXN3/Q75-GFP cells and applied this system to test the aqueous extract of Paeonia lactiflora (P. lactiflora) and its constituents. We found that the aggregation can be significantly prohibited by P. lactiflora and its active compound paeoniflorin. Meanwhile, P. lactiflora and paeoniflorin upregulated HSF1 and HSP70 chaperones in the same cell models. Both of them further reduced the aggregation in neuronal differentiated SH-SY5Y ATXN3/Q75-GFP cells. Our results demonstrate how P. lactiflora and paeoniflorin are likely to work on polyQ-aggregation reduction and provide insight into the possible working mechanism of P. lactiflora in SCA3. We anticipate our paper to be a starting point for screening more potential herbs for the treatment of SCA3 and other polyQ diseases.
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Yu J, Zhu X, Qi X, Che J, Cao B. Paeoniflorin protects human EA.hy926 endothelial cells against gamma-radiation induced oxidative injury by activating the NF-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway. Toxicol Lett 2013; 218:224-34. [PMID: 23403272 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary endothelial cells have been demonstrated to have a critical role in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced lung injury. Our preliminary experiments indicated that paeoniflorin protected human EA.hy926 endothelial cells from radiation-induced oxidative injury. This study was designed to confirm the protective effect of paeoniflorin against radiation-induced endothelial cellular damage and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Preincubation of EA.hy926 cells with paeoniflorin before γ-radiation resulted in significant inhibition of apoptosis, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced cell viability. In particular, we showed that paeoniflorin significantly reduced the formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and enhanced production of the endogenous antioxidants, glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in EA.hy926 cells. Treatment of these cells with paeoniflorin significantly induced HO-1 expression. Moreover, paeoniflorin promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor-2 (Nrf-2). The paeoniflorin-induced HO-1 expression was abrogated by Nrf2 siRNA. Furthermore, inhibition of HO-1 with zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZNPP) significantly reversed the protective effect of paeoniflorin against radiation-induced damage in EA.hy926 cells. Our findings confirmed that paeoniflorin protected EA.hy926 cells against radiation-induced injury through the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong An Road, Xicheng District, Beijing 100050, China
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Mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effects of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:27-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zhang L, Zhang S. Modulating Bcl-2 family proteins and caspase-3 in induction of apoptosis by paeoniflorin in human cervical cancer cells. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1551-7. [PMID: 21698669 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF), the principal bioactive component in the paeony root, has been used alone or combined with other herbs for many years in traditional Chinese medicine. New studies have shown that PF possesses an antitumor effect. However, the effect of PF on human cervical cancer cells has not been reported previously. This study determined the effect of PF on human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa) cells by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, flow cytometry with annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/propidium iodide (PI) technology, the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and immunocytochemical technique. After treatment with PF, the proliferation of HeLa cells was inhibited in a dose and time-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The apoptosis rate of HeLa cells increased with ascending concentrations of PF (p < 0.05) and the proportion of HeLa cells in S phase showed an increasing trend also. Typical apoptotic changes of HeLa cells exposed to PF were seen under the TEM. Meanwhile, there was a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 and an enhancement in the expression of Bax and caspase-3 genes compared with the control group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, PF can induce significantly the apoptosis of HeLa cells, which may be demonstrated by the down-regulation of anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2 and the up-regulation of pro-apoptosis genes Bax and caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Choi Y, Kim SK, Choi IY, Ju C, Nam KW, Hwang S, Kim BW, Yoon MJ, Won MH, Park YK, Kim WK. Amelioration of cerebral infarction and improvement of neurological deficit by a Korean herbal medicine, modified Bo-Yang-Hwan-O-Tang. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:695-706. [PMID: 21492172 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01254.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Modified Bo-Yang-Hwan-O-Tang (mBHT) is an improved herbal formula of BHT, which has been widely used to treat ischaemic stroke in East Asia, by the addition of five herbs having anti-ischaemic properties. In this study, we investigated whether mBHT would reduce cerebral ischaemic injury in rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 90-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and subsequent 22-h reperfusion. mBHT was administered either intraperitoneally twice 15 min before and 15 min after, or orally once 30 min or 120 min after the onset of MCAO (50 or 200 mg/kg each). KEY FINDINGS Intraperitoneal administration of mBHT markedly reduced the cerebral infarct size and neurological deficit caused by MCAO/reperfusion. mBHT treatment also significantly improved long-term survival rate after cerebral ischaemic injury. Oral administration of mBHT 30 min after ischaemia also markedly reduced the infarct size after cerebral ischaemia. The anti-ischaemic effect of mBHT was significantly, but not fully, reduced when mBHT-induced hypothermia was abolished. In cultured cortical neurons, we further found that mBHT decreased oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation-evoked neuronal injury by inhibiting production of reactive oxygen species, decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and activation of caspase-3. However, mBHT did not inhibit N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data suggest that mBHT has multiple anti-ischaemic properties and would be a good therapeutic herbal prescription for the treatment of cerebral ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yookeum Choi
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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He DY, Dai SM. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of paeonia lactiflora pall., a traditional chinese herbal medicine. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:10. [PMID: 21687505 PMCID: PMC3108611 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In China, Korea, and Japan, a decoction of the dried root without bark of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. has been used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hepatitis, dysmenorrhea, muscle cramping and spasms, and fever for more than 1200 years. A water/ethanol extract of the root is now known as total glucosides of peony (TGP), which contains more than 15 components. Paeoniflorin is the most abundant ingredient and accounts for the pharmacological effects observed with TGP in both in vitro and in vivo studies. The analgesic effect of TGP was confirmed in various animal models of pain, which may be mediated partly by adenosine A1 receptor. The direct anti-inflammatory effects of TGP were observed in animal models of both acute and subacute inflammation, by inhibiting the production of prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, and nitric oxide, and by suppressing the increase of intracellular calcium ion concentration. TGP was also reported to have protective effects of cells against oxidative stress. In vitro, dual effects of TGP were noted on the proliferation of lymphocytes, differentiation of Th/Ts lymphocytes, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines and antibodies. In vivo, TGP inhibited the delayed-type hypersensitivity in immuno-activated mice, and enhanced the delayed-type hypersensitivity in immuno-suppressed mice. In adjuvant arthritis rats, paeoniflorin exerted immunosuppressive effects. The beneficial effects of TGP in treating rheumatoid arthritis were verified by randomized controlled trials. The adverse events of TGP were mainly gastrointestinal tract disturbances, mostly mild diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua HospitalShanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Ming Dai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai, China
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Hwang DS, Kim HG, Kwon HJ, Cho JH, Lee CH, Lee JM, Jang JB, Kim YS, Lee KS, Oh MS. Dangguijakyak-san, a medicinal herbal formula, protects dopaminergic neurons from 6-hydroxydopamine-induced neurotoxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 133:934-939. [PMID: 21075188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Dangguijakyak-san (DJS) is a multi-herbal formula that has long been widely used in traditional Oriental medicine to treat gynecologic disorders, including neurological symptoms. Recent clinical and experimental studies have reported aging and anti-neurodegenerative effects of DJS. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of DJS on dopaminergic (DA) neurons damaged by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate the protective effects of DJS, we analyzed viability in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) staining in primary DA cells. To explore the possible mechanism(s) of neuroprotection, we assessed anti-oxidant activity by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels. To determine mitochondria-mediated apoptotic activity, we examined mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation. RESULTS DJS at 0.05-5 μg/mL significantly protected SH-SY5Y cells from 6-OHDA toxicity, dose-dependently, and attenuated 6-OHDA damage in primary DA cells. DJS reduced 6-OHDA-induced intracellular ROS production and GSH depletion and inhibited mitochondrial membrane instability, cytosolic cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that DJS has neuroprotective effects in DA neurons against 6-OHDA-induced toxicity through anti-oxidant and anti-mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deok-Sang Hwang
- Department of Oriental Gynecology, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, #1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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