1
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Sulumer AN, Palabıyık E, Avcı B, Uguz H, Demir Y, Serhat Özaslan M, Aşkın H. Protective effect of bromelain on some metabolic enzyme activities in tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:17-27. [PMID: 37749825 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Elevation of one or more plasma lipids, such as phospholipids, cholesterol esters, cholesterol, and triglycerides, is known as hyperlipidemia. In humans and experimental animals, bromelain, the primary active ingredient isolated from pineapple stems, has several positive effects, including anti-tumor growth, anticoagulation, and anti-inflammation. Hence, the purpose of this study was to determine the possible protective impact of bromelain on some metabolic enzymes (paraoxonase-1, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase, sorbitol dehydrogenase [SDH], aldose reductase [AR], butyrylcholinesterase [BChE], and acetylcholinesterase [AChE]), activity in the heart, kidney, and liver of rats with tyloxapol-induced hyperlipidemia. Rats were divided into three groups: control group, HL-control group (tyloxapol 400 mg/kg, i.p. administered group), and HL+bromelain (group receiving bromelain 250 mg/kg/o.d. prior to administration of tyloxapol 400 mg/kg, i.p.). BChE, SDH, and AR enzyme activities were significantly increased in all tissues in HL-control compared to the control, whereas the activity of other studied enzymes was significantly decreased. Bromelain had a regulatory effect on all tissues and enzyme activities. In conclusion, these results prove that bromelain is a new mediator that decreases hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Nurseli Sulumer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Esra Palabıyık
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Bahri Avcı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Handan Uguz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Serhat Özaslan
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Hakan Aşkın
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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2
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Zhao WL, Xu D, Wang JS. Torachrysone-8-O-β-d-glucoside mediates anti-inflammatory effects by blocking aldose reductase-catalyzed metabolism of lipid peroxidation products. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115931. [PMID: 37981172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an important enzyme involved in the reduction of various aldehyde and carbonyl compounds, including the highly reactive and toxic 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), which has been linked to the progression of various pathologies such as atherosclerosis, hyperglycemia, inflammation, and tumors. AR inhibitors have potential therapeutic benefits for these diseases by reducing lipid peroxidation and mitigating the harmful effects of reactive aldehydes. In this study, we found that torachrysone-8-O-β-d-glucoside (TG), a natural product isolated from Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., functions as an effective inhibitor of AR, exhibiting potent effects in clearing reactive aldehydes and reducing inflammation. TG up-regulated the mRNA levels of several antioxidant factors downstream of NRF2, especially glutathione S-transferase (GST), which is significantly increased, thus detoxifying 4-HNE by facilitating the conjugation of 4-HNE to glutathione, forming glutathione-4-hydroxynonenal (GS-HNE). By employing a combination of molecular docking, cellular thermal shift assay, and enzyme activity experiments, we demonstrated that TG exhibited strong binding affinity with AR and inhibited its activity and blocked the conversion of GS-HNE to glutathionyl-1,4-dihydroxynonene (GS-DHN), thereby preventing the formation of protein adducts and inducing severe cellular damage. This study provides novel insights into the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of AR inhibitors and offers potential avenues for developing therapeutic strategies for AR-related pathologies. Our findings suggest that TG, as an AR inhibitor, may hold promise as a therapeutic agent for treating conditions characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation and inflammation. Further investigations are needed to fully explore the clinical potential of TG and evaluate its efficacy in the treatment and management of these complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei Street, Nanjing 210094, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Raman APS, Pongpaiboon S, Bhatia R, Lal Dabodhia K, Kumar A, Kumar D, Jain P, Sagar M, Singh P, Kumari K. In silico study on antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of bioactive compounds in Ficus carica L. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37545143 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2240425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is one of the diagnostic issues in diabetes mellitus and is considered as a complex metabolic condition. It has been one of the most prevalent illnesses of the twenty-first century and still rising at an alarming rate across the globe and expected to impact 693 million individuals by 2045. Therefore, it is mandatory to develop more effective and safer treatments to manage diabetes. One of the ways to manage hyperglycemia is through inhibiting carbohydrate digestion and thereby lowering the glucose formation in the human body. The enzyme salivary amylase and pancreatic amylase is responsible for cleaving α-1,4-glucoside bond. Amylase inhibitors can lower blood glucose in diabetics by slowing digestion. Ficus carica is commonly known for its medicinal properties due to its various phytochemicals. In the present study, 10 phytochemicals present in F. carica compounds named, β-carotene, lutein, cyanidin-3-glucoside, gallic acid, luteolin, catechin, kaempferol, vanillic acid, peonidin-3-glucoside, and quercetin hydrate were taken to study their inhibition potential against pancreatic amylase and salivary amylase through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Further, density functional theory calculations are used to investigate the delocalization of electron density on the molecule as well as study ADME properties of the molecules take. A QSAR model has been developed using the binding energy obtained using molecular docking and thermodynamic parameters from DFT calculations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siwat Pongpaiboon
- Neerja Modi School, Shipra Path, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Ndeavours Research, Mansarovar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India
| | - Durgesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Jain
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Modinagar, India
| | - Mansi Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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4
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Yang L, Nao J, Dong X. The Therapeutic Potential of Hydroxycinnamic Acid Derivatives in Parkinson's Disease: Focus on In Vivo Research Advancements. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37432913 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives (HCDs) are polyphenols that are abundant in cereals, coffee, tea, wine, fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods. To aid in the clinical prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), we evaluated in vivo investigations of the pharmacological properties of HCDs relevant to PD, and their pharmacokinetic and safety aspects. An extensive search of published journals was conducted using several literature databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Web of Science. The search terms included "hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives," "ferulic acid," "caffeic acid," "sinapic acid," "p-coumaric acid," "Parkinson's disease," and combinations of these keywords. As of April 2023, 455 preclinical studies were retrieved, of which 364 were in vivo studies; we included 17 of these articles on the pharmaceutics of HCDs in PD. Available evidence supports the protective effects of HCDs in PD due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, as well as antiapoptotic physiological activities. Studies have identified possible molecular targets and pathways for the protective actions of HCDs in PD. However, the paucity of studies on these compounds in PD, and the risk of toxicity induced with high-dose applications, limits their use. Thus, multifaceted studies of HCDs in vitro and in vivo are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Jianfei Nao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
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5
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Türkeş C, Demir Y, Biçer A, Cin GT, Gültekin MS, Beydemir Ş. Exploration of Some Bis‐Sulfide and Bis‐Sulfone Derivatives as Non‐Classical Aldose Reductase İnhibitors. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Erzincan 24002 Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School Ardahan University Ardahan 75700 Turkey
| | - Abdullah Biçer
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Bilecik 11230 Turkey
| | - Günseli Turgut Cin
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Akdeniz University Antalya 07058 Turkey
| | | | - Şükrü Beydemir
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Bilecik 11230 Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Anadolu University Eskişehir 26470 Turkey
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6
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Türkeş C, Demir Y, Beydemir Ş. In Vitro
Inhibitory Activity and Molecular Docking Study of Selected Natural Phenolic Compounds as AR and SDH Inhibitors**. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University Erzincan 24002 Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School Ardahan University Ardahan 75700 Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Anadolu University Eskişehir 26470 Turkey
- The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University Bilecik 11230 Turkey
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7
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Demir Y, Ceylan H, Türkeş C, Beydemir Ş. Molecular docking and inhibition studies of vulpinic, carnosic and usnic acids on polyol pathway enzymes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:12008-12021. [PMID: 34424822 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1967195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) are important enzymes of the polyol pathway. In the current study, inhibitory effects of vulpinic acid (VA) carnosic acid (CA) and usnic acid (UA) on purified AR and SDH enzymes were determined. These enzymes inhibition could be essential to prevent diabetic complications. AR and SDH enzymes were purified from sheep kidney. Then, VA, CA and UA were tested in various concentrations against these enzymes activity in vitro. KI values were found to be as 1.46 ± 0.04, 5.13 ± 0.25 and 11.71 ± 0.27 μΜ for VA, CA and UA, respectively, for AR. KI constants were found to be as 15.32 ± 0.34, 145.60 ± 2.17 and 213.40 ± 2.64 μΜ VA, CA and UA, respectively, for SDH. These findings indicate that VA, CA and UA could be useful in the treatment of diabetic complications.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Hamid Ceylan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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8
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Ștefănescu R, Laczkó-Zöld E, Ősz BE, Vari CE. An Updated Systematic Review of Vaccinium myrtillus Leaves: Phytochemistry and Pharmacology. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010016. [PMID: 36678645 PMCID: PMC9861616 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilberry leaves are used in many countries in traditional medicine for treating a wide variety of diseases. Due to the high therapeutic potential of Vaccinium myrtillus (VM) leaves, this review aims to present the latest knowledge on the phytochemical profile, as well as the therapeutic effects of this herbal drug. The review was conducted according to the Prisma guidelines, and the scientific databases were searched using combinations of the following keywords: "Vaccinium myrtillus", "leaves", "bilberry". Recent research was focused on the influence of abiotic factors on the phytochemical composition, and it seems that there are significant differences between the herbal drugs collected from different countries. The phytochemical composition is correlated with the broad spectrum of pharmacological effects. The paper outlines the potent antimicrobial activity of VM extracts against multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, and also the pathways that are modulated by the unique "cocktail" of phytoconstituents in different metabolic alterations. Reviewing the research articles published in the last 10 years, it seems that bilberry leaves have been slightly forgotten, although their phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics are unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra Ștefănescu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence: or
| | - Eszter Laczkó-Zöld
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Bianca-Eugenia Ősz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Camil-Eugen Vari
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540139 Targu Mures, Romania
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9
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Ertano BY, Demir Y, Nural Y, Erdoğan O. Investigation of The Effect of Acylthiourea Derivatives on Diabetes‐Associated Enzymes. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bükre Yaren Ertano
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Atatürk University Erzurum 25240 Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Atatürk University Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School Ardahan University Ardahan 75700 Turkey
| | - Yahya Nural
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy Mersin University Mersin 33169 Turkey
| | - Orhan Erdoğan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Atatürk University Erzurum 25240 Turkey
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Faculty of Science Atatürk University Erzurum 25240 Turkey
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10
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Comakli V, Adem S, Oztekin A, Demirdag R. Screening inhibitory effects of selected flavonoids on human recombinant aldose reductase enzyme: in vitro and in silico study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1368-1374. [PMID: 32463711 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1771377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is the first enzyme of the polyol pathway that has physiological importance under hyperglycaemic conditions. The article has been focussed on AR enzyme inhibition by selected compounds. For this purpose, the in vitro inhibitory effects of various compounds on commercially available recombinant human AR (rAR) enzyme activity were investigated. The IC50 values of compounds on rAR inhibition effect were found for 6-hydroxy flavone, syringic acid, diosmetin, 6-fluoroflavone, 7-hydroxy-4'-nitroisoflavone, myricetin as 2.05, 2.97, 15.75, 16.1, 49.5, and 63 µM, respectively. 6-Hydroxy flavone and syringic acid competitively inhibited rAR with respect to the NADPH with Ki values 0.509 ± 0.036 and 0.842 ± 0.012 µM. In addition, docking studies were performed to evaluate the potential enzyme binding positions of the compounds. Our in vitro and in silico results indicated that the 6-hydroxy flavone may be a good lead compound in the development of AR inhibitors to prevent diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veysel Comakli
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, High School of Health, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Sevki Adem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cankiri Karatekin University, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Aykut Oztekin
- Medical Services and Techniques Department, Vocational School of Health Services, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Demirdag
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, High School of Health, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
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11
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Yahya S, Haider K, Pathak A, Choudhary A, Hooda P, Shafeeq M, Shahar Yar M. Strategies in synthetic design and structure-activity relationship studies of novel heterocyclic scaffolds as aldose reductase-2 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200167. [PMID: 36125217 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic scaffolds of natural as well as synthetic origin provide almost all categories of drugs exhibiting a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antibiotics, antidiabetic and anticancer agents, and so on. Under normal homeostasis, aldose reductase 2 (ALR2) regulates vital metabolic functions; however, in pathological conditions like diabetes, ALR2 is unable to function and leads to secondary diabetic complications. ALR2 inhibitors are a novel target for the treatment of retinopathy (cataract) influenced by diabetes. Epalrestat (stat), an ALR2 inhibitor, is the only drug candidate that was approved in the last four decades; the other drugs from the stat class were retracted after clinical trial studies due to untoward iatrogenic effects. The present study summarizes the recent development (2014 and onwards) of this pharmacologically active ALR2 heterocyclic scaffold and illustrates the rationale behind the design, structure-activity relationships, and biological studies performed on these molecules. The aim of the current review is to pave a straight path for medicinal chemists and chemical biologists, and, in general, to the drug discovery scientists to facilitate the synthesis and development of novel ALR2 inhibitors that may serve as lead molecules for the treatment of diseases related to the ALR2 enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Yahya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kashif Haider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Akram Choudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Hooda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Shafeeq
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Shahar Yar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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12
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Recent Advances in the Neuroprotective Properties of Ferulic Acid in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183709. [PMID: 36145084 PMCID: PMC9503091 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative disorder of the central nervous system, characterized by neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter deficits, and neurodegeneration, which finally leads to neuronal death. Emerging evidence highlighted that hyperglycemia and brain insulin resistance represent risk factors for AD development, thus suggesting the existence of an additional AD form, associated with glucose metabolism impairment, named type 3 diabetes. Owing to the limited pharmacological options, novel strategies, especially dietary approaches based on the consumption of polyphenols, have been addressed to prevent or, at least, slow down AD progression. Among polyphenols, ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid derivative, widely distributed in nature, especially in cereal bran and fruits, and known to be endowed with many bioactivities, especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic, thus suggesting it could be exploited as a possible novel neuroprotective strategy. Considering the importance of ferulic acid as a bioactive molecule and its widespread distribution in foods and medicinal plants, the aim of the present narrative review is to provide an overview on the existing preclinical and clinical evidence about the neuroprotective properties and mechanisms of action of ferulic acid, also focusing on its ability to modulate glucose homeostasis, in order to support a further therapeutic interest for AD and type 3 diabetes.
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13
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Kılınç N. Resorcinol Derivatives as Novel Aldose Reductase Inhibitors: In Silico and
In Vitro Evaluation. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180819666220414103203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The polyol pathway, an alternative way of carbohydrate metabolism, is activated
by hyperglycemia. Aldose reductase (AR), the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway, is
responsible for the reduction of glucose to sorbitol. Inhibiting the aldose reductase enzyme and reducing
the polyol pathway is considered an effective method to prevent and postpone the onset of diabetic complications.
Objective:
Therefore, in this work, we investigate the inhibition effects of certain resorcinol derivatives
and the positive control compound quercetin on the AR enzyme in vitro and in silico. These phenolic
compounds, whose inhibitory effects on the AR enzyme were investigated, were also compared with
known drugs in terms of their drug-like characteristics.
Methods:
Three methods were used to determine the inhibitory effects of resorcinol derivatives on recombinant
human AR enzyme. After the in vitro inhibition effects were determined spectrophotometrically,
the binding energy and binding modes were determined by molecular docking method. Finally, the
MM-GBSA method was used to determine the free binding energies of the inhibitors for the AR enzyme.
Results:
5-pentylresorcinol compound showed the strongest inhibition effect on recombinant human AR
enzyme with an IC50 value of 9.90 μM. The IC50 values of resorcinol, 5-methylresorcinol, 4-
ethylresorcinol, 4-hexylresorcinol, 2-methylresorcinol, and 2,5-dimethylresorcinol compounds were determined
as 49.50 μM, 43.31 μM, 19.25 μM, 17.32 μM, 28.87 μM, 57.75 μM, respectively.
Conclusion:
The results of this research showed that resorcinol compounds are effective AR inhibitors.
These findings are supported by molecular docking, molecular mechanics, and ADME investigations
undertaken to corroborate the experimental in vitro results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namık Kılınç
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Service, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey
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14
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Yang Y, He J, Jiang Z, Du X, Chen F, Wang J, Ni H. Characterization of the inhibition of aldose reductase with
p
‐coumaric acid ethyl ester. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14370. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfan Yang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Xiamen China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City Xiamen China
| | - Junzhu He
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen China
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Xiamen China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City Xiamen China
| | - Xiping Du
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Xiamen China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City Xiamen China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences Clemson University Clemson South Carolina USA
| | - Jinling Wang
- School of Forestry Northeast Forestry University Harbin China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering Jimei University Xiamen China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering Xiamen China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City Xiamen China
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15
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Abstract
In this study, aldose reductase (AR) was purified from sheep kidney using chromatographic methods and examined the interactions between some sulfonamides and the enzyme. According to results, sulfonamides display effective inhibitor features for sheep kidney AR with IC50 values in the range of 37.27-87.65 μM and Kis in the range of 25.72 ± 6.45 to 73.56 ± 17.49 μM. The sulfonamides displayed different inhibition mechanisms. It was found that studied all compounds displayed non-competitive inhibition type except for 5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonamide (1). It showed competitive inhibition. Among these compounds, 2,5-dichlorothiophene-3-sulfonamide compound (2) was showed the most potent AR inhibitor (Ki: 25.72 ± 6.45). These compounds may be useful in the treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Göle Vocational High School, Ardahan University, Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Köksal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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16
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Zhang X, Xu L, Chen H, Zhang X, Lei Y, Liu W, Xu H, Ma B, Zhu C. Novel Hydroxychalcone-Based Dual Inhibitors of Aldose Reductase and α-Glucosidase as Potential Therapeutic Agents against Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9174-9192. [PMID: 35749671 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We designed a novel series of bifunctional inhibitors of α-glucosidase and aldose reductase (ALR2) based on the structure of hydroxychalcone. The two enzymes relate to blood glucose level and anomalously elevated polyol pathway of glucose metabolism under hyperglycemia, respectively. Most compounds in the series exhibited a potent inhibitory activity for both enzymes, and a significant antioxidant property was shown. Further in vivo studies of 11j and 14d using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats as a model found that 11j achieved not only good antihyperglycemic and glucose tolerance effect in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.01) but also showed effective inhibition of polyol pathway. 14d significantly suppressed the maltose-induced postprandial glucose elevation. Additionally, they effectively improved lipid metabolisms and restored an antioxidant ability. Therefore, the two compounds may be promising agents for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic; Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Long Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic; Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic; Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic; Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanqi Lei
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic; Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic; Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Hulin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic; Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic; Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic; Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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17
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Liu XY, Peng J, He F, Tursun X, Li SP, Xin XL, Aisa HA. Shabyar Ameliorates High Glucose Induced Retinal Pigment Epithelium Injury Through Suppressing Aldose Reductase and AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Autophagy Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:852945. [PMID: 35620285 PMCID: PMC9127207 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.852945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Shabyar (SBA) is a traditional medicine formula for relieving vision loss caused by factors including diabetic retinopathy (DR) in clinics. However, the mechanism of it on retina protective effect still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate whether its protective effect was related to aldose reductase (AR) inhibition and retinal pigment epithelial cell injury mediated by autophagy or not. Human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) induced by high glucose was used as a model in vitro, with Epalrestat (EPL, AR inhibitor) and Difrarel (DFR, DR therapeutic drug) as positive controls. Western blotting and Polyol pathway products assay showed that SBA reduced the expression of AR protein and the content of ROS, and sorbitol, increased the level of Na+-K+-ATPase and alleviated cell edema. Western blotting and DCFH-DA probe assay showed that SBA decreased pAMPK/AMPK and pULK1/ULK1 which associated with autophagy initiation, down-regulated Beclin-1, Atg3, Atg5, Atg7, LC3 II and Bax/Bcl2 ratio, and up-regulated pmTOR/mTOR, SQSTM1/p62 and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reduces intracellular autophagosomes. Real-Time PCR assay showed that SBA had no significant effect on mRNA expression of AR and mTOR. These data demonstrated that SBA treatment inhibits the autophagy of ARPE-19 through the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway, and reduced early-stage apoptosis occurred by high glucose. These findings reveal the protective role and mechanism of SBA on retinal pigment epithelium, and provide experimental basis for the clinical application of SBA in the treatment of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yan Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Basis Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plant Resource, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, China
| | - Jun Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Basis Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plant Resource, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei He
- The State Key Laboratory Basis Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plant Resource, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xirali Tursun
- Institute of Xinjiang Traditional Uyghur Medicine, Urumqi, China
| | - Shu Ping Li
- The State Key Laboratory Basis Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plant Resource, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xue Lei Xin
- The State Key Laboratory Basis Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plant Resource, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- The State Key Laboratory Basis Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plant Resource, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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18
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Bayrak C, Yildizhan G, Kilinc N, Durdagi S, Menzek A. Synthesis and Aldose Reductase Inhibition Effects of Novel N-Benzyl-4-Methoxyaniline Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100530. [PMID: 34889038 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, starting from 4-methoxyaniline, four Schiff bases were synthesized from benzaldehydes with Br and OMe. Corresponding N-benzylanilines and their derivatives were obtained from reductions (by NaBH4 ) and substitutions (by acyl and tosyl chlorides) of these bases, respectively. The inhibitory effects of the sixteen compounds, twelve of which were novel compounds are examined. Then, we conducted molecular docking and binary QSAR studies to determine inhibitory-enzyme interactions of compounds that show an inhibitory effect. Our results reveal that methoxyanilline-derived compounds show good biological activities. The most active compound (22) has IC50 values of 2.83 μM. These novel AR enzyme inhibitors may open new avenues for better AR inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cetin Bayrak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240-, Turkey.,Dogubayazit Ahmed-i Hani Vocational School, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, 04400, -Turkey
| | - Gulsah Yildizhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240-, Turkey
| | - Namik Kilinc
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Service, Igdir University, Igdir, 76000, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, Istanbul, 34747-, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Menzek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University, Erzurum, 25240-, Turkey
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19
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Yapar G, Esra Duran H, Lolak N, Akocak S, Türkeş C, Durgun M, Işık M, Beydemir Ş. Biological effects of bis-hydrazone compounds bearing isovanillin moiety on the aldose reductase. Bioorg Chem 2021; 117:105473. [PMID: 34768205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (ALR2), one of the metabolically important enzymes, catalyzes the formation of sorbitol from glucose in the polyol pathway. ALR2 inhibition is required to prevent diabetic complications. In the present study, the novel bis-hydrazone compounds bearing isovanillin moiety (GY1-12) were synthesized, and various chromatographic methods were applied to purify the ALR2 enzyme. Afterward, the inhibitory effect of the synthesized compounds on the ALR2 was screened in vitro. All the novel bis-hydrazones demonstrated activity in nanomolar levels as AR inhibitors with IC50 and KI values in the range of 12.55-35.04 nM, and 13.38-88.21 nM, respectively. Compounds GY-11, GY-7, and GY-5 against ALR2 were identified as the highly potent inhibitors, respectively, and were superior to the standard drug, epalrestat. Moreover, a comprehensive ligand-receptor interactions prediction was performed using ADME-Tox, Glide XP, and MM-GBSA modules of Schrödinger Small-Molecule Drug Discovery Suite to elucidate the novel bis-hydrazone derivatives, potential binding modes versus the ALR2. As a result, these compounds with ALR2 inhibitory effects may be potential alternative agents that can be used to treat or prevent diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Yapar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, İstanbul Technical University, İstanbul 34469, Turkey.
| | - Hatice Esra Duran
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars 36100, Turkey
| | - Nebih Lolak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman 02040, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Akocak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman 02040, Turkey.
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan 24100, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Durgun
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63290, Turkey
| | - Mesut Işık
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Turkey.
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey; The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11230, Turkey
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20
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Ferulic acid: A review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and derivatives. Life Sci 2021; 284:119921. [PMID: 34481866 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid, a kind of phenolic substance widely existing in plants, is an important active component of many traditional Chinese medicines. So far, it has been proved that ferulic acid has a variety of biological activities, especially in oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular endothelial injury, fibrosis, apoptosis and platelet aggregation. Many studies have shown that ferulic acid can inhibit PI3K/AKT pathway, the production of ROS and the activity of aldose reductase. The anti-inflammatory effect of ferulic acid is mainly related to the levels of PPAR γ, CAM and NF-κ B and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. Ferulic acid not only protects vascular endothelium by ERK1/2 and NO/ET-1 signal, but also plays an anti-fibrosis role by TGF-β/Smad and MMPs/TIMPs system. Moreover, ferulic acid has ant-apoptotic and anti-platelet effects. In addition to the pharmacological effects of ferulic acid, its pharmacokinetics and derivatives were also discussed in this paper. This review provides the latest summary of the latest research on ferulic acid.
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21
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Dubey K, Dubey R, Gupta R, Gupta A. Exploration of Diosmin to Control Diabetes and Its Complications-an In Vitro and In Silico Approach. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2021; 17:307-313. [PMID: 32208122 DOI: 10.2174/1573409916666200324135734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diosmin is a flavonoid obtained from the citrus fruits of the plants. Diosmin has blood lipid lowering activities, antioxidant activity, enhances venous tone and microcirculation, protects capillaries, mainly by reducing systemic oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE The present study demonstrates the potential of Diosmin against the enzymes aldose reductase, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase involved in diabetes and its complications by in vitro evaluation and reverse molecular docking studies. METHODS The assay of aldose reductase was performed by using NADPH as starting material and DL-Glyceraldehyde as a substrate. DNS method was used for alpha amylase inhibition and in alpha glucosidase inhibitory activity p-nitrophenyl glucopyranoside (pNPG) was used as substrate. The reverse molecular docking studies was performed by using Molegro software (MVD) with grid resolution of 30 Å. RESULTS Diosmin shows potent inhibitory effect against aldose reductase (IC50:333.88±0.04 μg/mL), α-glucosidase (IC50:410.3±0.01 μg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50: 404.22±0.02 μg/mL) respectively. The standard drugs shows moderate inhibitory activity for enzymes. The MolDock Score of Diosmin was -224.127 against aldose reductase, -168.17 against α-glucosidase and - 176.013 against α-amylase respectively, which was much higher than standard drugs. CONCLUSION From the result it was concluded that diosmin was a potentially inhibitor of aldose reductase, alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes then the standard drugs and it will be helpful in the management of diabetes and its complications. This will also be benevolent to decrease the socio economical burden on the middle class family of the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kushagra Dubey
- Smriti College of Pharmaceutical Education, Indore (M.P.), 452010, India
| | - Raghvendra Dubey
- Matoshri Institute of Pharmacy, Yeola, Nashik,(M.S.),423401, India
| | - Revathi Gupta
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam University, Indore (M.P.),452016, India
| | - Arun Gupta
- Chameli Devi College of Pharmacy, Indore (M.P.), 452010, India
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22
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Nephroprotective effect of Vanillic acid in STZ-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:571-582. [PMID: 34222078 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the protective effect of vanillic acid (VA) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rats. Methods Experimental diabetes mellitus in rats was induced by intraperitoneally administration of single dose of STZ (55 mg/kg). The animals were divided into 5 groups viz., normal control, diabetic control, glimepiride (0.5 mg/kg, orally) and VA treatment (50 and 100 mg/kg, orally) groups. The treatment was started after the confirmation of hyperglycemia (> 250 mg/dl) and continued for 6 weeks. Serum glucose level, and body weight were measured weekly. At the end of study, HbA1c in whole blood, insulin, lipid profile, urea, creatinine and albumin in serum. Creatinine and albumin were measured in urine along with creatinine clearance. In addition, kidney weight and histopathology were assessed. Results Treatment with VA markedly attenuated STZ-induced body weight loss and hyperglycemia, along with improved lipid profile and HbA1c, without significant alteration of serum insulin levels. It also decreased urea, creatinine and increased albumin in serum. Moreover, VA, significantly reduced urine volume, urinary albumin along with marked improvement in creatinine clearance. Further, the VA treatment significantly reverse the raised levels of oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory and fibrotic markers viz. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β1 and NFκB activity in kidney tissue. These effects are associated with amelioration of histopathological alterations compared to diabetic control rats. While glimepiride produced similar antihyperglycemic effect but the effect on albuminuria, oxidative stress markers and cytokine levels were less significant as compared to VA (100 mg/kg). Conclusions In conclusion, VA exhibited nephroprotective effect through amelioration of kidney dysfunction and damage in diabetic rats. The observed nephroprotective effect of VA may be ascribed to inhibition of hyperglycemia induced oxido-inflammatory stress and necroptosis of renal tissue possibly due to its antihyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
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23
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Sever B, Altıntop MD, Demir Y, Pekdoğan M, Akalın Çiftçi G, Beydemir Ş, Özdemir A. An extensive research on aldose reductase inhibitory effects of new 4H-1,2,4-triazole derivatives. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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24
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Sever B, Altıntop MD, Demir Y, Akalın Çiftçi G, Beydemir Ş, Özdemir A. Design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico investigation of aldose reductase inhibitory effects of new thiazole-based compounds. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104110. [PMID: 32739480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of glucose to sorbitol in the polyol pathway, which plays an important role in the development of diabetic complications including cataract, retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. AR has been considered as an important target to heal these long-term diabetic complications and for this reason the development of new AR inhibitors is an important approach in modern medicinal chemistry. In the current study, new 4-aryl-2-[2-((3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepine-7-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl]thiazole derivatives (1-12) were synthesized and screened for their inhibitory effects on AR which was purified by diverse chromatographic methods with a yield of 1.40% and a specific activity of 2.00 EU/mg. All compounds were determined as promising AR inhibitors with the Ki values in the range of 0.018 ± 0.005 μM-3.746 ± 1.321 μM compared to the quercetin (Ki = 7.025 ± 1.780 μM). In particular, 4-(4-cyanophenyl)-2-[2-((3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)methylene)hydrazinyl]thiazole (3) was detected as the most potential AR inhibitor in this series with the Ki value of 0.018 ± 0.005 µM and the compound showed competitive AR inhibition. The cytotoxic effects of compounds 1-12 were investigated on L929 mouse fibroblast (healthy) cells using MTT assay and all these compounds were defined as non-cytotoxic agents against L929 cells. Molecular docking studies, which were employed to determine the affinity of compounds 1-12 into the active site of AR, highlighted that the thiazole scaffold of all these compounds presented π-π stacking interactions with Trp20 and Phe122. According to both in vitro and in silico assays, these potential AR inhibitors may have great importance in the prevention of diabetic microvascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Sever
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Mehlika Dilek Altıntop
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Nihat Delibalta Gole Vocational High School, Ardahan University, 75700 Ardahan, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Akalın Çiftçi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; The Rectorate of Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11230 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Özdemir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
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25
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Aldose Reductase Differential Inhibitors in Green Tea. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071003. [PMID: 32640594 PMCID: PMC7407822 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AKR1B1), the first enzyme in the polyol pathway, is likely involved in the onset of diabetic complications. Differential inhibition of AKR1B1 has been proposed to counteract the damaging effects linked to the activity of the enzyme while preserving its detoxifying ability. Here, we show that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the most representative catechins present in green tea, acts as a differential inhibitor of human recombinant AKR1B1. A kinetic analysis of EGCG, and of its components, gallic acid (GA) and epigallocatechin (EGC) as inhibitors of the reduction of L-idose, 4-hydroxy2,3-nonenal (HNE), and 3-glutathionyl l-4-dihydroxynonanal (GSHNE) revealed for the compounds a different model of inhibition toward the different substrates. While EGCG preferentially inhibited L-idose and GSHNE reduction with respect to HNE, gallic acid, which was still active in inhibiting the reduction of the sugar, was less active in inhibiting HNE and GSHNE reduction. EGC was found to be less efficient as an inhibitor of AKR1B1 and devoid of any differential inhibitory action. A computational study defined different interactive modes for the three substrates on the AKR1B1 active site and suggested a rationale for the observed differential inhibition. A chromatographic fractionation of an alcoholic green tea extract revealed that, besides EGCG and GA, other components may exhibit the differential inhibition of AKR1B1.
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26
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Rocha L, Neves D, Valentão P, Andrade PB, Videira RA. Adding value to polyvinylpolypyrrolidone winery residue: A resource of polyphenols with neuroprotective effects and ability to modulate type 2 diabetes-relevant enzymes. Food Chem 2020; 329:127168. [PMID: 32512395 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A polyphenols-rich extract was obtained from polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP) winery residue, and its neuroprotective effects and ability to modulate the kinetics of type 2 diabetes-relevant enzymes were characterized. The PVPP-white wine extract is a mixture of polyphenols (840.08 ± 161.25 µg/mg, dry weight) dominated by proanthocyanidins and hydroxycinnamic acids, affording strong antioxidant activity, as detected by the protection of membrane lipids against oxidation and superoxide radical anion scavenging activity. Regarding type 2 diabetes framework, the extract inhibits α-glucosidase (Ki = 166.9 µg/mL) and aldose reductase (Ki = 127.5 µg/mL) through non-competitive mechanisms. Despite the modest ability to inhibit rat brain acetylcholinesterase, it protects neuronal SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative damage promoted by glutamate, decreasing reactive oxygen species generation and preserving cell redox state. Thus, PVPP-white wine extract has potential to support the development of functional foods and/or nutraceuticals aiming neuroprotection and glucose homeostasis regulation, with high relevance in Alzheimeŕs disease and type 2 diabetes interlink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Rocha
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, N° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dina Neves
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, N° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, N° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, N° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Romeu A Videira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, N° 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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27
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Hao X, Qi G, Ma H, Zhu C, Han Z. Novel 2-phenoxypyrido[3,2- b]pyrazin-3(4 H)-one derivatives as potent and selective aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1368-1372. [PMID: 31347930 PMCID: PMC6711126 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1643336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop multifunctional aldose reductase (AKR1B1) inhibitors for anti-diabetic complications, a novel series of 2-phenoxypyrido[3,2-b]pyrazin-3(4H)-one derivatives were designed and synthesised. Most of the derivatives were found to be potent and selective against AKR1B1, and 2-(7-chloro-2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenoxy)-3-oxopyrido[3,2-b]pyrazin-4(3H)-yl) acetic acid (4k) was the most active with an IC50 value of 0.023 µM. Moreover, it was encouraging to find that some derivatives showed strong antioxidant activity, and among them, the phenolic 3,5-dihydroxyl compound 4l with 7-bromo in the core structure was proved to be the most potent, even comparable to that of the well-known antioxidant Trolox. Thus the results suggested success in the construction of potent and selective AKR1B1 inhibitors with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hao
- a The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University , Tianjin , PR China.,b Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , PR China
| | - Gang Qi
- c Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology , Yancheng , PR China
| | - Hongxing Ma
- c Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology , Yancheng , PR China
| | - Changjin Zhu
- b Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , PR China
| | - Zhongfei Han
- b Department of Applied Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing , PR China.,c Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology , Yancheng , PR China
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The Influence of Some Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Metabolic Enzymes of Aldose Reductase, Sorbitol Dehydrogenase, and α-Glycosidase: a Perspective for Metabolic Disorders. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:437-447. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Türkan F, Huyut Z, Demir Y, Ertaş F, Beydemir Ş. The effects of some cephalosporins on acetylcholinesterase and glutathione S-transferase: an in vivo and in vitro study. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:235-243. [PMID: 29564935 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1452037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) are important enzymes in the metabolism. GSTs are primarily available in phase II metabolism. AChE is vital for neurodegenerative disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The in vitro and in vivo effects of cefoperazone sodium (CFP), cefuroxime (CXM), and cefazolin (CZO) were investigated on GST and AChE activity in the present study. GST was purified using Glutathione-Agarose affinity chromatography. RESULTS Ki constants of CFP, CXM, and CZO were 0.1392 ± 0.02, 1.5179 ± 0.33, and 1.006 ± 0.11 mM for GST and 0.3010 ± 0.07, 0.3561 ± 0.09, and 0.3844 ± 0.04 mM, for AChE, respectively. The most effective inhibitor was CFP for both enzymes in in vitro. CZO (50 mg/kg), CXM (25 mg/kg), and CFP (100 mg/kg) inhibit in vivo GST and AChE activities. CXM had the most effective in vivo inhibition on AChE and GST. CONCLUSIONS CZO, CXM, and CFP are effective AChE and GST inhibitors in both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikret Türkan
- a Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Tuzluca Vocational School , Iğdır University , Igdir , Turkey
| | - Zübeyir Huyut
- b Department of Biochemistry , Van Yüzüncü Yıl University , Van , Turkey
| | - Yeliz Demir
- c Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Fatma Ertaş
- a Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Tuzluca Vocational School , Iğdır University , Igdir , Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- d Department of Biochemistry , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
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Anti-diabetic Properties of Calcium Channel Blockers: Inhibition Effects on Aldose Reductase Enzyme Activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 189:318-329. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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31
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Demir Y, Taslimi P, Ozaslan MS, Oztaskin N, Çetinkaya Y, Gulçin İ, Beydemir Ş, Goksu S. Antidiabetic potential: In vitro inhibition effects of bromophenol and diarylmethanones derivatives on metabolic enzymes. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800263. [PMID: 30478943 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase converts glucose to sorbitol in the polyol pathway. It is an important enzyme to prevent diabetic complications. In this study, we studied the inhibitory effects of bromophenol derivatives on aldose reductase (AR), α-glucosidase, and α-amylase enzymes. In the bromophenols series, compound 1f showed the maximum inhibition effect against AR with a Ki value of 0.05 ± 0.01 μM, while compound 1d showed the lowest inhibition effect against AR with a Ki value of 1.13 ± 0.99 μM. In addition, α-amylase from porcine pancreas and α-glucosidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were used as enzymes. In this study, all compounds were tested for the inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme and demonstrated efficient inhibition profiles with Ki values in the range of 43.62 ± 5.28 to 144.37 ± 16.37 nM against α-glucosidase. Additionally, these compounds were tested against the α-amylase enzyme, which determined an effective inhibition profile with IC50 values in the range of 9.63-91.47 nM. These compounds can be selective inhibitors of AR, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase enzymes as antidiabetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demir
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | | | - Necla Oztaskin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yasin Çetinkaya
- Department of Food Technology, Oltu Vocational School, Ataturk University, Oltu, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - İlhami Gulçin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Goksu
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Taslimi P, Aslan HE, Demir Y, Oztaskin N, Maraş A, Gulçin İ, Beydemir S, Goksu S. Diarylmethanon, bromophenol and diarylmethane compounds: Discovery of potent aldose reductase, α-amylase and α-glycosidase inhibitors as new therapeutic approach in diabetes and functional hyperglycemia. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 119:857-863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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de Oliveira Vilhena R, Fachi MM, Marson BM, Dias BL, Pontes FLD, Tonin FS, Pontarolo R. Antidiabetic potential of Musa spp. inflorescence: a systematic review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 70:1583-1595. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Extracts of parts Musa spp. have been used for the treatment of various diseases in traditional medicine. Studies have shown that these extracts have hypoglycaemic properties. The aim of this work was to gather evidence on the antidiabetic effects of Musa spp. inflorescence.
Methods
A systematic review was conducted with searches in three electronic databases, along with manual searches. Studies evaluating the antidiabetic properties of extracts of flower or bract of the genus Musa (in vitro or in vivo) were included.
Key findings
Overall, 16 studies were found. The reported assays were of hypoglycaemic effects, oral glucose tolerance, inhibitory activities in carbohydrate metabolism and digestive enzymes, enhanced glucose uptake activity and popular use of the extract in patients with diabetes type 2. In vitro studies showed that use of the extract was associated with antidiabetic effects (e.g. increased glucose uptake and inhibition of carbohydrate digestion enzymes). In induced diabetic models, Musa spp. extracts showed dose-dependent glycaemic level reductions compared with pharmacological drugs (P < 0.05).
Summary
In general, promising results regarding antidiabetic activity were found for inflorescence of Musa spp., suggesting that this plant could represent a natural alternative therapy for treating diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana M Fachi
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Breno M Marson
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Bruna L Dias
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Flávia L D Pontes
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Tonin
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Abstract
CONTEXT Cephalosporins are derived from the fungus Acremonium. Due to their strong bactericidal ability, these drugs have to a wide usage in medicine. OBJECTIVE An investigation of the effects on sheep renal aldose reductase (AR) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) of cefoperazone, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime and ceftriaxone as cephalosporin drugs was carried out in the present study. METHODS AR and SDH were purified from sheep kidney by ion exchange, gel filtration and affinity methods with approximately 219- and 484-fold, respectively. Some kinetic properties of the enzymes were determined such as optimal pH, optimal ionic strength, optimal temperature, stable pH, Km and Vmax. IC50 values of the drugs were found for each enzyme. RESULTS While the AR was inhibited by all drugs, SDH enzyme was inhibited by only CXM (IC50 8.10 mM). Interestingly, CZO activated SDH enzyme. This result was evaluated as important for the flow of the polyol reactions. Ki values and inhibition types were determined for AR. However, these values could not have determined for SDH, due to insufficient inhibition. CONCLUSIONS From these results, it was concluded that cephalosporins may have an important effect on flow of the polyol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bülent Şengül
- a Department of Health Care Service, Vocational School of Health Service , Bayburt University , Bayburt , Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- b Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Anadolu University , Eskişehir , Turkey
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Kalita D, Holm DG, LaBarbera DV, Petrash JM, Jayanty SS. Inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and aldose reductase by potato polyphenolic compounds. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191025. [PMID: 29370193 PMCID: PMC5784920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is becoming a serious global health problem. Diabetes has been considered to be one of the major risks of cataract and retinopathy. Synthetic and natural product inhibitors of carbohydrate degrading enzymes are able to reduce type 2 diabetes and its complications. For a long time, potatoes have been portrayed as unhealthy for diabetic patients by some nutritionist due to their high starch content. However, purple and red potato cultivars have received considerable attention from consumers because they have high levels of polyphenolic compounds that have potent antioxidant activities. In this study, we screened the total phenolics (TP) and total anthocyanins (TA) and analyzed the phenolic and anthocyanin compounds in selected potato cultivars and advanced selections with distinct flesh colors (purple, red, yellow and white). Purple and red potato cultivars had higher levels of TP and TA than tubers with other flesh colors. Chlorogenic acid is the predominant phenolic acid, and major anthocyanin is composed of the derivatives of petunidin, peonidin, malvidin and pelargonidin. We tested the potential inhibitory effect of potato extracts on the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which were targeted to develop antidiabetic therapeutic agents. We also measured inhibitory effect of potato extracts on aldose reductase (AR) which is a key enzyme that has been a major drug target for the development of therapies to treat diabetic complications. Purple flesh tubers extract showed the most effective inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and aldose reductase with IC50 values 25, 42, and 32 μg/ml, respectively. Kinetic studies showed that anthocyanins are noncompetitive inhibitors of these enzymes, whereas phenolic acids behaved as mixed inhibitors for α-amylase and α-glucosidase and noncompetitive inhibitors for AR. This study supports the development of a positive and healthful image of potatoes, which is an important issue for consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diganta Kalita
- San Luis Valley Research Center, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Center, United States of America
| | - David G. Holm
- San Luis Valley Research Center, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Center, United States of America
| | - Daniel V. LaBarbera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States of America
| | - J. Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, United States of America
| | - Sastry S. Jayanty
- San Luis Valley Research Center, Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Center, United States of America
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Abstract
Phenolic compounds are important constituents of red wine, contributing to its sensory properties and antioxidant activity. Owing to the diversity and structural complexity, study of these compounds was mainly limited, during the last three decades, on their low-molecular-mass compounds or simple phenolic compounds. Only in recent years, much attention has been paid to highly polymerized polyphenols in grape and red wines. The reason for this is largely due to the development of analytical techniques, especially those of HPLC-ESI-MS, permitting the structural characterization of highly polymerized polyphenols. Furthermore, the knowledge on the biological properties of polymeric polyphenols of red wine is very limited. Grape polyphenols mainly consist of proanthocyanidins (oligomers and polymers) and anthocyanins, and low amount of other phenolics. Red wine polyphenols include both grape polyphenols and new phenolic products formed from them during winemaking process. This leads to a great diversity of new polyphenols and makes wine polyphenol composition more complex. The present paper summarizes the advances in the research of polymeric polyphenols in grape and red wine and their important role in Enology. Scientific results indicate that polymeric polyphenols, as the major polyphenols in grape and red wine, play a major role in red wine sensory properties, color stability and antioxidant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P. R. China.,b School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P. R. China
| | - Baoshan Sun
- b School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , P. R. China.,c Pólo Dois Portos, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, I.P. , Quinta da Almoinha , Dois Portos , Portugal
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Wang Z, Hwang SH, Lim SS. Characterization of DHDP, a novel aldose reductase inhibitor isolated from Lysimachia christinae. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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38
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Demir Y, Işık M, Gülçin İ, Beydemir Ş. Phenolic compounds inhibit the aldose reductase enzyme from the sheep kidney. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2017; 31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeliz Demir
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Mesut Işık
- Health Services Vocational School, Department of Pharmacy Services; Harran University; Şanlıurfa 63000 Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Sciences, Atatürk University; Erzurum 25240 Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University; Eskişehir 26470 Turkey
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