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Wang L, Lin Q, Wei B, Guo Y, Li Q, Wang Z, Wu L, Zhang Y, Yin J, Wan B. CircUBR1 knockdown relieves ventilator-induced lung injury through regulating miR-20a-5p/GGPPS1 pathway. Cell Signal 2023; 112:110920. [PMID: 37827345 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the influences and underlying mechanism of circular RNA UBR1 (circUBR1) in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). METHODS In mice and mouse alveolar epithelial cells, VILI model was established. CircUBR1 and miR-20a-5p expression was assessed via quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were applied to assess geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 (GGPPS1) protein expression. In lung tissues, the histopathological changes were utilized using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometer were applied to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. The levels of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] were measured by western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS In lung tissues of VILI mice, circUBR1 and GGPPS1 expression were upregulated, while miR-20a-5p expression was downregulated. In vivo, circUBR1 knockdown alleviated lung injury, inhibited cell apoptosis, and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines. In cells treated with cyclic stretch (CS), circUBR1 knockdown promoted cell viability, inhibited cell apoptosis, and reduced inflammatory cytokines. CircUBR1 could sponge miR-20a-5p, and GGPPS1 was the target gene of miR-20a-5p. In addition, in cells treated with CS, downregulation of miR-20a-5p or the overexpression of GGPPS1 reversed the promotive effect of circUBR1 knockdown on cell viability and the inhibitive effect of circUBR1 knockdown on cell apoptosis and inflammation production. CONCLUSIONS In VILI, knockdown of circUBR1 attenuated lung injury and inflammation via regulating the miR-20a-5p/GGPPS1 pathway. Our study may provide a potential therapeutic target for treatment of VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qiuqi Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Benzhong Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Yizheng Hospital, Nanjing Gulou Hospital Group, Yizheng 211900, China
| | - Yufang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Zexu Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Liangquan Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jiangning Yin
- Emergency Department, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Bing Wan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, China.
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Spasov AA, Fedorova OV, Rasputin NA, Ovchinnikova IG, Ishmetova RI, Ignatenko NK, Gorbunov EB, Sadykhov GAO, Kucheryavenko AF, Gaidukova KA, Sirotenko VS, Rusinov GL, Verbitskiy EV, Charushin VN. Novel Substituted Azoloazines with Anticoagulant Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15581. [PMID: 37958560 PMCID: PMC10648877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercytokinemia, or cytokine storm, often complicates the treatment of viral and bacterial infections, including COVID-19, leading to the risk of thrombosis. However, the use of currently available direct anticoagulants for the treatment of COVID-19 patients is limited due to safety reasons. Therefore, the development of new anticoagulants remains an urgent task for organic and medicinal chemistry. At the same time, new drugs that combine anticoagulant properties with antiviral or antidiabetic activity could be helpfull in the treatment of COVID-19 patients, especially those suffering from such concomitant diseases as arterial hypertension or diabetes. We have synthesized a number of novel substituted azoloazines, some of which have previously been identified as compounds with pronounced antiviral, antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiaggregant, and anticoagulant activity. Two compounds from the family of 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines have demonstrated anticoagulant activity at a level exceeding or at least comparable with that of dabigatran etexilate as the reference compound. 7,5-Di(2-thienyl)-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine has shown the highest ability to prolong the thrombin time, surpassing this reference drug by 2.2 times. This compound has also exhibited anticoagulant activity associated with the inhibition of thrombin (factor IIa). Moreover, the anticoagulant effect of this substance becomes enhanced under the conditions of a systemic inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Spasov
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia; (A.F.K.); (K.A.G.); (V.S.S.)
| | - Olga V. Fedorova
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Nikolay A. Rasputin
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Irina G. Ovchinnikova
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Rashida I. Ishmetova
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Nina K. Ignatenko
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Evgeny B. Gorbunov
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
| | - Gusein A. o. Sadykhov
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Aida F. Kucheryavenko
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia; (A.F.K.); (K.A.G.); (V.S.S.)
| | - Kseniia A. Gaidukova
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia; (A.F.K.); (K.A.G.); (V.S.S.)
| | - Victor S. Sirotenko
- Department of Pharmacology & Bioinformatics, Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd 400131, Russia; (A.F.K.); (K.A.G.); (V.S.S.)
| | - Gennady L. Rusinov
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
- Department of Technology & Organic Synthesis, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Egor V. Verbitskiy
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Valery N. Charushin
- I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620108, Russia; (O.V.F.); (I.G.O.); (R.I.I.); (N.K.I.); (E.B.G.); (G.A.o.S.); (G.L.R.); (E.V.V.); (V.N.C.)
- Department of Organic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
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Zeiz A, Kawtharani R, Elmasri M, Khawaja G, Hamade E, Habib A, Ayoub AJ, Abarbri M, El-Dakdouki MH. Molecular properties prediction, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of some pyrimido[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one derivatives. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2023; 14:27688. [PMID: 38505674 PMCID: PMC10945296 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2023.27688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Introduction The anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of a novel series of eleven pyrimido[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one analogues substituted at position 7 were assessed in the current study. Methods The physicochemical characteristics were studied using MolSoft software. The antiproliferative activity was investigated by MTT cell viability assay, and cell cycle analysis elucidated the antiproliferative mechanism of action. Western blot analysis examined the expression levels of key pro-apoptotic (Bax, p53) and pro-survival (Bcl-2) proteins. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by measuring the production levels of nitric oxide in RAW264.7 cells, and the expression levels of COX-2 enzyme in LPS-activated THP-1 cells. In addition, the gene expression of various pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, TNF-α) and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3) was assessed by RT-qPCR. Results Compound 1 bearing a chlorine substituent displayed the highest cytotoxic activity against HCT-116 and MCF-7 cancer cells where IC50 values of 49.35 ± 2.685 and 69.32 ± 3.186 µM, respectively, were achieved. Compound 1 increased the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins p53 and Bax while reducing the expression of pro-survival protein Bcl-2. Cell cycle analysis revealed that compound 1 arrested cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Anti-inflammatory assessments revealed that compound 1 displayed the strongest inhibitory activity on NO production with IC50 of 29.94 ± 2.24 µM, and down-regulated the expression of COX-2. Compound 1 also induced a statistically significant decrease in the gene expression of various cytokines and chemokines. Conclusion These findings showed that the pyrimidine derivative 1 displayed potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties in vitro, and can be selected as a lead compound for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zeiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Ranin Kawtharani
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Lebanese University, Faculty of Science-I, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mirvat Elmasri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghada Khawaja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Debbieh, Lebanon
| | - Eva Hamade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Aida Habib
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Abeer J. Ayoub
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Molecular Immunology, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Abarbri
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux et des Electrolytes pour l'Energie (PCM2E)., EA 6299. Avenue Monge Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France
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Verma M, Trivedi L, Vasudev PG. Interaction Patterns of Pyrazolopyrimidines with Receptor Proteins. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:2331-2344. [PMID: 37023262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds have a prominent role in medicinal chemistry and drug design. They are not only useful as medicinally active compounds but also as a modular structural scaffold for drug design. Therefore, heterocycles are present in many ligands that exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. Pyazolopyrimidines are nitrogen heterocycles and are part of many biologically active compounds and marketed drugs. This study examines the non-covalent interactions between the pyrazolopyrimidine rings and receptor proteins through data mining and analysis of high-resolution crystal structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. The Protein Data Bank contains 471 crystal structures with pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives as ligands, among which 50% contains 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines (Pyp1), while 38% contains pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidines (Pyp2). 1H-Pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines (Pyp3) are found in 11% of the structures, and no structural data is available for pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine isomers (Pyp4). Among receptor proteins, transferases are found in most examples (67.5%), followed by hydrolases (13.4%) and oxidoreductases (8.9%). Detailed analysis of structures to identify the most prevalent interactions of pyrazolopyrimidines with proteins shows that aromatic π···π interactions are present in ∼91% of the structures and hydrogen bonds/other polar contacts are present in ∼73% of the structures. The centroid-centroid distances (dcent) between the pyrazolopyrimidine rings and aromatic side chains of the proteins have been retrieved from crystal structures recorded at a high resolution (data resolution <2.0 Å). The average value of dcent in pyrazolopyrimidine-protein complexes is 5.32 Å. The information on the geometric parameters of aromatic interactions between the core pyrazolopyrimidine ring and the protein would be helpful in future in silico modeling studies on pyrazolopyrimidine-receptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Verma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 220025, India
| | - Laxmikant Trivedi
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Prema G Vasudev
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 220025, India
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Amino Derivatives of Diaryl Pyrimidines and Azolopyrimidines as Protective Agents against LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020741. [PMID: 36677799 PMCID: PMC9863002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of lung damage originating from excessive inflammation and cytokine release during various types of infections remains relevant and stimulates the search for highly effective and safe drugs. The biological activity of the latter may be associated with the regulation of hyperactivation of certain immune cells and enzymes. Here, we propose the design and synthesis of amino derivatives of 4,6- and 5,7-diaryl substituted pyrimidines and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as promising double-acting pharmacophores inhibiting IL-6 and NO. The anti-inflammatory activity of 14 target compounds was studied on isolated primary murine macrophages after LPS stimulation. Seven compounds were identified to inhibit the synthesis of nitric oxide and interleukin 6 at a concentration of 100 µM. The most active compounds are micromolar inhibitors of IL-6 secretion and NO synthesis, showing a minimal impact on innate immunity, unlike the reference drug dexamethasone, along with acceptable cytotoxicity. Evaluation in an animal model of acute lung injury proved the protective activity of compound 6e, which was supported by biochemical, cytological and morphological markers.
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A new approach to pyrimidine-type heterocycles based on Petrenko–Kritschenko synthesis. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-022-03133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Discovery of Nitro-azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines with Anti-Inflammatory and Protective Activity against LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050537. [PMID: 35631365 PMCID: PMC9146423 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury remains a challenging clinical condition, necessitating the development of novel, safe and efficient treatments. The prevention of macrophage M1-polarization is a viable venue to tackle excessive inflammation. We performed a phenotypic screening campaign to identify azolopyrimidine compounds that effectively inhibit LPS-induced NO synthesis and interleukin 6 (IL-6) secretion. We identified lead compound 9g that inhibits IL-6 secretion with IC50 of 3.72 µM without apparent cytotoxicity and with minimal suppression of macrophage phagocytosis in contrast to dexamethasone. In a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury, 30 mg/kg i.p. 9g ameliorated anxiety-like behavior, inhibited IL-6 release, and limited neutrophil infiltration and pulmonary edema. A histological study confirmed the protective activity of 9g. Treatment with compound 9g prevented the migration of CD68+ macrophages and the incidence of hemorrhage. Hence, we have identified a promising pharmacological approach for the treatment of acute lung injury that may hold promise for the development of novel drugs against cytokine-mediated complications of bacterial and viral infections.
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N JB, Goudgaon N. A comprehensive review on pyrimidine analogs-versatile scaffold with medicinal and biological potential. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhu LQ, Fan XH, Li JF, Chen JH, Liang Y, Hu XL, Ma SM, Hao XY, Shi T, Wang Z. Discovery of a novel inhibitor of nitric oxide production with potential therapeutic effect on acute inflammation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 44:128106. [PMID: 33991630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation as a host's excessive immune response to stimulation, is involved in the development of numerous diseases. To discover novel anti-inflammatory agents and based on our previous synthetic work on marine natural product Chrysamide B, it and a series of derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity on inhibition of LPS-induced NO production. Then the preliminary structure-activity relationships were conducted. Among them, Chrysamide B is the most potent anti-inflammatory agent with low cytotoxicity and strong inhibition on the production of NO (IC50 = 0.010 μM) and the activity of iNOS (IC50 = 0.082 μM) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Primary studies suggested that the mechanism of action may be that it interfered the formation of active dimeric iNOS but not affected transcription and translation. Furthermore, its good performance of anti-inflammatory effect on LPS-induced multiple inflammatory cytokines production, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and endotoxin-induced septic mice, was observed. We believe that these findings would provide an idea for the further modification and research of these analogs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long-Qing Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jun-Fang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jin-Hong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shu-Meng Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiang-Yong Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Rashid HU, Martines MAU, Duarte AP, Jorge J, Rasool S, Muhammad R, Ahmad N, Umar MN. Research developments in the syntheses, anti-inflammatory activities and structure-activity relationships of pyrimidines. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6060-6098. [PMID: 35423143 PMCID: PMC8694831 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10657g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrimidines are aromatic heterocyclic compounds that contain two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-membered ring. Numerous natural and synthetic pyrimidines are known to exist. They display a range of pharmacological effects including antioxidants, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antituberculosis, and anti-inflammatory. This review sums up recent developments in the synthesis, anti-inflammatory effects, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of pyrimidine derivatives. Numerous methods for the synthesis of pyrimidines are described. Anti-inflammatory effects of pyrimidines are attributed to their inhibitory response versus the expression and activities of certain vital inflammatory mediators namely prostaglandin E2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor κB, leukotrienes, and some interleukins. Literature studies reveal that a large number of pyrimidines exhibit potent anti-inflammatory effects. SARs of numerous pyrimidines have been discussed in detail. Several possible research guidelines and suggestions for the development of new pyrimidines as anti-inflammatory agents are also given. Detailed SAR analysis and prospects together provide clues for the synthesis of novel pyrimidine analogs possessing enhanced anti-inflammatory activities with minimum toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Ur Rashid
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande MS Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | | | | | - Juliana Jorge
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande MS Brazil
| | - Shagufta Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Riaz Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Nasir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Islamia College University Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Umar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand Chakdara, Dir (L) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
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Chen LZ, Shu HY, Wu J, Yu YL, Ma D, Huang X, Liu MM, Liu XH, Shi JB. Discovery and development of novel pyrimidine and pyrazolo/thieno-fused pyrimidine derivatives as potent and orally active inducible nitric oxide synthase dimerization inhibitor with efficacy for arthritis. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 213:113174. [PMID: 33515864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to discover and develop drug-like anti-inflammatory agents against arthritis, based on "Hit" we found earlier and to overcome drawbacks of toxicity, twelve series of total 89 novel pyrimidine, pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine and thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and screened for their anti-inflammatory activity against NO and toxicity for normal liver cells (LO2). Relationships of balance toxicity and activity have been summarized through multi-steps, and title compounds 22o, 22l were found to show lower toxicity (against LO2: IC50 = 2934, 2301 μM, respectively) and potent effect against NO release (IR = 98.3, 97.67%, at 10 μM, respectively). Furthermore, compound 22o showed potent iNOS inhibitory activity with value of IC50 is 0.96 μM and could interfere stability and formation of the active dimeric iNOS. It's anti-inflammatory activity in vivo was assessed by AIA rat model. Furthermore, the results of metabolic stability, CYP, PK study in vivo, acute toxicity study and subacute toxicity assessment indicated this compound had good drug-like properties for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Zeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Hai Yang Shu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yun Long Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Duo Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ming Ming Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China
| | - Xin Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China.
| | - Jing Bo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, PR China; Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, PR China.
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12
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Chen T, Zhu G, Meng X, Zhang X. Recent developments of small molecules with anti-inflammatory activities for the treatment of acute lung injury. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112660. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Fang H, Zhang J, Ao M, He F, Chen W, Qian Y, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Fang M. Synthesis and discovery of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid- alkanolamine (PUFA-AA) derivatives as anti-inflammatory agents targeting Nur77. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104456. [PMID: 33217634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, three series of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-alkanolamine derivatives (PUFA-AAs) were synthesized, characterized and their anti-inflammatory activity in vivo was evaluated. Compounds 4a, 4f, and 4k exhibited marked anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The most promising compound 4k dose-dependently suppressed the cytokines with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. Further, 4k exhibited potential in vitro Nur77-binding affinity (Kd = 6.99 × 10-6 M) which is consistent with the result of docking studies. Next, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of 4k was found to be through NF-κB signal pathway in a Nur77-dependent manner. Moreover, we also observed 4k significantly inhibited LPS-induced expression of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) through suppressing NF-κB activation and attenuated LPS-induced inflammation in mouse acute lung injury (ALI) model. In conclusion, the study strongly suggests that the PUFA-AA derivatives can be particularly as new Nur77 mediators for further treatment in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Mingtao Ao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Fengming He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Weizhu Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuqing Qian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Meijuan Fang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research and State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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14
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Sharma S, Kumar D, Singh G, Monga V, Kumar B. Recent advancements in the development of heterocyclic anti-inflammatory agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Xiu L, Sheng S, Hu Z, Liu Y, Li J, Zhang H, Liang Y, Du R, Wang X. Exopolysaccharides from Lactobacillus kiferi as adjuvant enhanced the immuno-protective against Staphylococcus aureus infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 161:10-23. [PMID: 32512102 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have gained more attention due to their health benefits. Most research on LAB EPS focuses on antitumor and antioxidant activities. To our knowledge, the immunoadjuvant activity of LAB EPS has not been thoroughly studied. In this study, the EPS produced by Lactobacillus kiferi WXD029 were purified by ethanol precipitation and column chromatography fractionation. The molecular weight of the EPS was 3.423 × 105 Da and was mainly composed of Glu, GlcN, and GalN in a molar ratio of 3.1:1:1. In vitro, EPS could significantly enhance the proliferation and phagocytic activity as well as induce the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in RAW264.7 cells. In vivo, the EPS adjuvant could increase the titers of S.aureus antigen-specific antibodies and markedly enhanced T cell proliferation. Notably, EPS adjuvant also induced a strong potential Th1, Th2 and Th17-cell mixture responses. Furthermore, immunization with S.aureus antigen plus EPS adjuvant induced a protective effect when compared with S.aureus antigen alone in murine bacteremia, pneumonia and mastitis model. Collectively, these results suggest that EPS derived from probiotic Lactobacillus kiferi strain is promising as an efficient adjuvant candidate for the prevention of S. aureus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xiu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Shouxin Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Zhongpeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Jianwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Haochi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Yanchen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China
| | - Ruiping Du
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Academy of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot 010031, PR China.
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, PR China.
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16
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Ruan H, Li W, Wang J, Chen G, Xia B, Wang Z, Zhang M. Propofol alleviates ventilator-induced lung injury through regulating the Nrf2/NLRP3 signaling pathway. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 114:104427. [PMID: 32199914 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) causes problems during acute lung injury treatment, and propofol is a well-known drug to prevent VILI. Herein, we discussed how propofol protects against VILI-induced inflammation with the interaction of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3). We established VILI mouse models for collecting lung tissues, and these mice were later treated with propofol and Nrf2/NLRP3 activator or inhibitor to observe their effects on VILI with inflammatory factors, 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine, malondialchehyche level, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production rate, lung wet/dry weight ratio, lung permeability index measured. Propofol treatment improved VILI, alleviated pulmonary inflammation induced by mechanical ventilation. Propofol up-regulated Nrf2 and down-regulated NLRP3 in VILI model. Activating Nrf2 or inhibiting NLRP3 downregulated pro-inflammatory factors in lung tissues in VILI mice. Above all, we can conclude that propofol exerts it protective function against VILI and the subsequent inflammatory responses through activating Nrf2 and inhibiting NLRP3 expression. Therefore, Nrf2 activator and NLRP3 inhibitor might be latent targets in the VILI prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Ruan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, PR China
| | - Jilan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, PR China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of thoracic surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, PR China
| | - Bin Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of thoracic surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, PR China.
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