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Jiang M, Li L, Jin Y, Lu L, Lu Z, Lv W, Wang X, Di L, Liu Z. Derivative spectrophotometry-assisted determination of tryptophan metabolites emerges host and intestinal flora dysregulations during sepsis. Anal Biochem 2024; 694:115605. [PMID: 38992485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2024.115605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening condition characterized by organ dysfunction resulting from a dysregulated host response to infection. Dysregulated tryptophan (TRP) metabolites serve as significant indicators for endogenous immune turnovers and abnormal metabolism in the intestinal microbiota during sepsis. Therefore, a high coverage determination of TRP and its metabolites in sepsis is beneficial for the diagnosis and prognosis of sepsis, as well as for understanding the underlying mechanism of sepsis development. However, similar structures in TRP metabolites make it challenging for separation and metabolite identification. Here, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was developed to determine TRP metabolites in rat serum. The first-order derivative spectrophotometry of targeted metabolites in the serum was investigated and proved to be promising for chromatographic peak annotation across different columns and systems. The established method separating the targeted metabolites was optimized and validated to be sensitive and accurate. Application of the method revealed dysregulated TRP metabolites, associated with immune disorders and NAD + metabolism in both the host and gut flora in septic rats. Our findings indicate that the derivative spectrophotometry-assisted method enhances metabolite identifications for the chromatographic systems based on DAD detectors and holds promise for precision medicine in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Liuliu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhenchen Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Wangjie Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Lei Di
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunity Disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Antos A, Topolska-Woś A, Woś M, Mitura A, Sarzyńska P, Lipiński T, Kurylcio A, Ziółkowski P, Świtalska M, Tkaczuk-Włach J, Gamian A, Polkowski WP, Staniszewska M. The unique monoclonal antibodies and immunochemical assay for comprehensive determination of the cell-bound and soluble HER2 in different biological samples. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3978. [PMID: 38368450 PMCID: PMC10874376 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54590-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The expression of the HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) protein in cancer cells is a well-established cancer marker used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in modern treatment protocols, especially in breast cancer. The gold-standard immunohistochemical diagnostic methods with the specific anti-HER2 antibodies are utilized in the clinic to measure expression level of the membrane-bound receptor. However, a soluble extracellular domain (ECD) of HER2 is released to the extracellular matrix, thus the blood assays for HER2 measurements present an attractive way for HER2 level determination. There is a need for accurate and validated assays that can be used to correlate the concentration of the circulating HER2 protein with disease clinical manifestations. Here we describe two monoclonal antibodies binding HER2 with a unique sequence of the complementarity-determining regions that recognize HER2 ECD. Development and validation of the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantification of the soluble HER2 in a variety of biological samples is also presented. The assay provides HER2 quantitation within a concentrations range from 1.56 to 100 ng/ml with sensitivity at the level of 0.5 ng/ml that meets the expectations for measurements of HER2 in the blood and tumor tissue samples. The method presents satisfactory intra- and inter-assay precision and accuracy for immunochemical quantification of biomarkers in biological samples. The utility of the generated monoclonal anti-HER2 antibodies has been confirmed for use in the precise measurement of HER2 (both cell-bound and soluble) in several types of biological material, including serum, solid tumor tissue, and cell culture medium. Additionally, the developed immunochemical tools have a potential for HER2 detection, not only in a wide range of sample types but also independently of the sample storage/pre-processing, allowing for comprehensive HER2 analysis in tissue (IHC), cultured cells (immunofluorescence) and blood (ELISA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Antos
- SDS Optic, EcoTech Complex, Block A, Głęboka 39, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Woś
- SDS Optic, EcoTech Complex, Block A, Głęboka 39, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Mitura
- SDS Optic, EcoTech Complex, Block A, Głęboka 39, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Paulina Sarzyńska
- SDS Optic, EcoTech Complex, Block A, Głęboka 39, 20-612, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lipiński
- Lukasiewicz Research Network - PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kurylcio
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13, 20-080, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Wrocław Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Świtalska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Joanna Tkaczuk-Włach
- Chair of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 4/6, 20-081, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech P Polkowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13, 20-080, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- SDS Optic, EcoTech Complex, Block A, Głęboka 39, 20-612, Lublin, Poland.
- Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
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3
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Girithar HN, Staats Pires A, Ahn SB, Guillemin GJ, Gluch L, Heng B. Involvement of the kynurenine pathway in breast cancer: updates on clinical research and trials. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:185-203. [PMID: 37041200 PMCID: PMC10338682 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in women worldwide. While BrCa treatment has been shown to be highly successful if detected at an early stage, there are few effective strategies to treat metastatic tumours. Hence, metastasis remains the main cause in most of BrCa deaths, highlighting the need for new approaches in this group of patients. Immunotherapy has been gaining attention as a new treatment for BrCa metastasis and the kynurenine pathway (KP) has been suggested as one of the potential targets. The KP is the major biochemical pathway in tryptophan (TRP) metabolism, catabolising TRP to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). The KP has been reported to be elevated under inflammatory conditions such as cancers and that its activity suppresses immune surveillance. Dysregulation of the KP has previously been reported implicated in BrCa. This review aims to discuss and provide an update on the current mechanisms involved in KP-mediated immune suppression and cancer growth. Furthermore, we also provide a summary on 58 studies about the involvement of the KP and BrCa and five clinical trials targeting KP enzymes and their outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemaasri-Neya Girithar
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ananda Staats Pires
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Seong Beom Ahn
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gilles J Guillemin
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laurence Gluch
- The Strathfield Breast Centre, Strathfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Heng
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Sadok I, Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Mroczka R, Kozak J, Staniszewska M. Improved Voltammetric Determination of Kynurenine at the Nafion Covered Glassy Carbon Electrode - Application in Samples Delivered from Human Cancer Cells. Int J Tryptophan Res 2021; 14:11786469211023468. [PMID: 34276216 PMCID: PMC8256253 DOI: 10.1177/11786469211023468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, development of analytical methods responding to a need for rapid and
accurate determination of human metabolites is highly desirable. Herein, an
electrochemical method employing a Nafion-coated glassy carbon electrode
(Nafion/GCE) has been developed for reliable determination of kynurenine (a key
tryptophan metabolite) using a differential pulse adsorptive stripping
voltammetry. To our knowledge, this is the first analytical method to allow for
kynurenine determination at the Nafion-coated electrode. The methodology
involves kynurenine pre-concentration in 0.1 M H2SO4 in
the Nafion film at the potential of +0.5 V and subsequent stripping from the
electrode by differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal conditions, the
sensor can detect 5 nM kynurenine (for the accumulation time of 60 seconds), but
the limit of detection can be easily lowered to 0.6 nM by prolonging the
accumulation time to 600 seconds. The sensor shows sensitivity of
36.25 μAμM−1cm−2 and
185.50 μAμM−1cm−2 for the accumulation time of 60 and
600 seconds, respectively. The great advantage of the proposed method is easy
sensor preparation, employing drop coating method, high sensitivity, short total
analysis time, and no need for sample preparation. The method was validated for
linearity, precision, accuracy (using a high-performance liquid chromatography),
selectivity (towards tryptophan metabolites and different amino acids), and
recovery. The comprehensive microscopic and electrochemical characterization of
the Nafion/GCE was also conducted with different methods including atomic force
microscopy (AFM), optical profilometry, time-of-flight secondary ion mass
spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and
cyclic voltammetry (CV). The method has been applied with satisfactory results
for determination of kynurenine concentration in a culture medium collected from
the human ovarian carcinoma cells SK-OV-3 and to measure IDO enzyme activity in
the cancer cell extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Mroczka
- Laboratory of X-ray Optics, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Kozak
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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