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Jia M, Ma Y, Huang R, Liu L, Wang Z, Lin S, Peng Q, Xiong J, Zheng W. Correlation analysis between biomechanical characteristics of lower extremities during front roundhouse kick in Taekwondo and effective scores of electronic protectors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1364095. [PMID: 38974657 PMCID: PMC11224149 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1364095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the inherent relationship between the score values and the biomechanical characteristics of the forward kicking motion, we aim to identify the fundamental variables influencing the score values of the forward kicking motion and establish the key biomechanical factors that effectively trigger scoring in the forward kicking motion. Methods: The DaeDo electronic scoring system was used with the Vicon optical motion capture system and the Kistler 3D force platform to obtain kinematic and kinetic variables of the front roundhouse kick motion. Linear bivariate correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to analyze the associations between kinematic, kinetic variables, and scoring values, and summarize key biomechanical factors for effectively scoring. Results: The peak ankle plantar flexion angle and knee extension torque of the kicking leg showed a significant negative correlation with scoring values (r < 0, p < 0.05), while other variables showed no statistical significance. The peak knee flexion angle and hip extension angular velocity of the supporting leg showed a significant positive correlation with scoring values (r > 0, p < 0.01), while the peak ankle plantar flexion torque showed a significant negative correlation with scoring values (r < 0, p < 0.05), and other variables showed no statistically significant correlation. The absolute values of eigenvectors of the first and second principal components, which included hip angular velocity, ankle angle, knee torque, and hip torque, were relatively large, indicating their strong influence on effective scoring triggering. Conclusion: Maintaining ankle dorsiflexion and a larger knee flexion angle in the kicking leg is favorable for triggering scoring. Higher knee flexion angle and hip extension angular velocity in the supporting leg are also advantageous for triggering scoring. "Body posture" and "Strength" are key factors that effectively trigger scoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruifeng Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijie Lin
- Department of Physical Education, Intelligent Sports Engineering Research Center, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Competitive Sports, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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Mohammadalizadeh M, Jaiswal S, Semken S, Mikkola A. Kinematic and Physiological Analysis of Medieval Combat Sport Using Motion Analysis, Blood Lactate Measurement, and Heart Rate Monitoring: A Case Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3443. [PMID: 38894234 PMCID: PMC11174425 DOI: 10.3390/s24113443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Medieval combat sport is a form of mixed martial art in which combatants engage in fighting using offensive and defensive equipment while dressed in full armor. The sport is considered extremely taxing, making it nearly impossible to maintain the same level of performance. However, this form of sport has not been thoroughly analyzed, and its impact on human physical response is largely unknown. To address this gap, the study reported here aimed to introduce and test a procedure for analyzing human physical responses within the framework of the sport. To accomplish this, two experienced combatants were asked to engage in a series of strikes, performed in the form of a set duel simulating a professional fight competition. The kinematic aspect of the procedure was examined using motion analysis with the help of an IMU suit, while the physiological aspect was evaluated based on blood lactate levels and heart rate measurements. Furthermore, an ergometer test conducted in a laboratory setting aimed to determine the lactate threshold. The duel results showed noticeable decreases in the kinematic aspects of the strikes, such as the velocity of impact, and a dramatic rise in physiological aspects, such as heart rate and blood lactate levels. During the duel sets, the blood lactate surpassed the threshold level, and at the end, the heart rate exceeded the maximum age-related level. Practicing medieval combat sport has been shown to impose an extreme physical load on the bodies of combatants, noticeably affecting their performance levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mohammadalizadeh
- Laboratory of Machine Design, Department of Mechanical Engineering, LUT University, 53850 Lappeenranta, Finland; (S.J.); (S.S.); (A.M.)
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Greco F, Quinzi F, Chiodo S, Cerulli C, Tranchita E, Bertollo M, Emerenziani GP. The effects of pre-task music on choice visual reaction time in elite taekwondo athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2024; 27:276-280. [PMID: 38245434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of music on sport performance mainly involved endurance or resistance exercises overlooking possible effects on reaction time, which is deemed essential in martial arts for a proficient performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the exposure to pre-task music on choice visual reaction time in elite taekwondo athletes. DESIGN Repeated measure study design. METHODS Reaction time and mean Heart Rate (HRmean) were recorded in twenty young taekwondo athletes (17.5 ± 2.5 years old) while performing a roundhouse kick in response to different visual stimuli after three warmup conditions: listening to self-selected music (SM), research-selected music (RM) or no music (CC). Moreover, Feeling Scale (FS), Felt Arousal Scale (FAS) were recorded before (T0) and after warmup (T1) in each testing session. RESULTS SM and RM elicited significantly faster reaction times compared to CC (-3.3 % and -5.2 %, respectively). No significant difference in reaction time was observed between SM and RM. The FS and FAS scores were significantly higher at T1 compared to T0 in the SM and RM conditions, whereas no difference between T0 and T1 was observed in the CC condition. No difference was observed for HRmean between SM, RM and CC conditions. CONCLUSIONS Listening to SM and RM during the warmup improved choice visual reaction times in elite taekwondo athletes. These results suggest the use of music as a performance-enhancing strategy prior to combat competition or training in martial arts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Greco
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy. https://twitter.com/FraGre97
| | - Federico Quinzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Italy.
| | - Salvatore Chiodo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Italy
| | - Claudia Cerulli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy
| | - Eliana Tranchita
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Italy
| | - Maurizio Bertollo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Behavioral Imaging and Neural Dynamics Center, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Gian Pietro Emerenziani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catanzaro "Magna Græcia", Italy
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Xiao W, Yang H, Hao Z, Li M, Zhao M, Zhang S, Zhang G, Mao H, Wang C. Relationship between Fear-Avoidance Beliefs and Reaction Time Changes Prior to and following Exercise-Induced Muscle Fatigue in Chronic Low Back Pain. Pain Res Manag 2024; 2024:9982411. [PMID: 38312327 PMCID: PMC10838204 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9982411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Background Reaction time is a reliable indicator of the velocity and efficiency of neuromuscular control and may be associated with fear-avoidance beliefs. However, the effect of exercise-induced muscle fatigue on reaction time in chronic low back pain (cLBP) and its relationship with fear-avoidance beliefs remains poorly understood. Objectives This study aimed to reveal the relationship between fear-avoidance beliefs and reaction time changes before and after exercise-induced muscle fatigue in cLBP. Methods Twenty-five patients with cLBP were tested by the Biering-Sorensen test (BST) to induce exhaustive muscle fatigue. Total reaction time (TRT), premotor time (PMT), and electromechanical delay (EMD) of dominated deltoid muscle were recorded by surface electromyography during the arm-raising task with visual cues before and after muscle fatigue. The mean difference (MD) of TRT (MDTRT), PMT (MDPMT), and EMD (MDEMD) was calculated from the changes before and after muscle fatigue. Fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire (FABQ) was applied to evaluate fear-avoidance beliefs before muscle fatigue. In addition, the duration time of BST was recorded for each subject. Results TRT and PMT of dominated deltoid muscle were prolonged after exercise-induced muscle fatigue (Z = 3.511, p < 0.001; t = 3.431, p = 0.001), while there was no statistical difference in EMD (Z = 1.029, p = 0.304). Correlation analysis showed that both the MDTRT and MDPMT were positively correlated with FABQ (r = 0.418, p = 0.042; r = 0.422, p = 0.040). Conclusions These findings suggested that we should pay attention to both muscle fatigue-induced reaction time delay in cLBP management and the possible psychological mechanism involved in it. Furthermore, this study implied that FABQ-based psychotherapy might serve as a potential approach for cLBP treatment by improving reaction time delay. This trial is registered with ChiCTR2300074348.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Huaichun Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zengming Hao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Menglin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, China
| | - Mengchu Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR 999077, China
| | - Siyun Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Guifang Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Haian Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Chuhuai Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Jia M, Liu L, Huang R, Ma Y, Lin S, Peng Q, Xiong J, Wang Z, Zheng W. Correlation analysis between biomechanical characteristics of taekwondo double roundhouse kick and effective scoring of electronic body protector. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1269345. [PMID: 38274047 PMCID: PMC10808605 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1269345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: To explore the inherent relationship between lower limb biomechanical indicators and effective scoring values of double roundhouse kick (DRK) by taekwondo athletes, and to find key biomechanical factors that trigger effective scoring. Methods: Using the DAEDO Protector and Scoring System (PSS) in conjunction with the Vicon optical motion capture system and Kistler 3D force plate, kinematic and dynamic indicators of the front kicking motion were obtained from 12 professional taekwondo athletes (18.00 ± 2.20 years, 182.15 ± 8.62 cm and 70.00 ± 14.82 kg). The correlation between kinematics, dynamics, and scoring values was initially analyzed using bivariate linear correlation. Subsequently, based on the results of the linear correlation analysis, a stepwise regression analysis was performed to establish a stepwise regression equation. Results: The results reveal that during the First Hit, there is a significant positive correlation (r > 0, p < 0.05) between peak hip flexion angular velocity of the dominant leg, knee abduction angle, and peak foot horizontal plane linear velocity of the non-dominant leg with effective score. On the other hand, peak ankle flexion angular velocity of the non-dominant leg, peak foot sagittal plane linear velocity, peak hip abduction angle, and peak hip flexion angle of the dominant leg exhibit a significant negative correlation (r < 0, p < 0.05) with effective score. These correlations hold statistical significance (DW> 1.023). During the Second Hit, there is a significant positive correlation (r > 0, p < 0.05) between peak ankle internal rotation angular velocity of the dominant leg, foot coronal plane linear velocity, hip adduction angular velocity, and peak ankle internal rotation moment of the non-dominant leg with effective score. Conversely, peak hip flexion angle of the dominant leg shows a significant negative correlation (r < 0, p < 0.05) with effective score. All these variables have a statistically significant impact on effective score (DW > 1.023). Conclusion: Explosive power, body posture, adequate terminal velocity, and body rotation have an association with effective scoring of the electronic protector. The peak angular velocity of the ankle joint of the dominant leg and the peak linear velocity of the foot horizontal plane of the non-dominant leg significantly contribute to the effectiveness score of the electronic protector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Jia
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruifeng Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijie Lin
- Department of Physical Education, Northwest Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Peng
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Xiong
- School of Competitive Sports, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaoyi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Sports Health Intelligent Equipment of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Research Center of Sports Equipment Engineering Technology of Hubei Province, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Sports Engineering of General Administration of Sports of China, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China
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Imanaka K, Sugi T, Nakamoto H. Relationships between the magnitude of representational momentum and the spatial and temporal anticipatory judgments of opponent's kicks in taekwondo. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1193116. [PMID: 37809301 PMCID: PMC10551154 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
For successful actions in a fast, dynamic environment such as sports, a quick successful anticipation of a forthcoming environmental state is essential. However, the perceptual mechanisms involved in successful anticipation are not fully understood. This study examined the relationships between the magnitude of representational momentum (RM) as a forward displacement of the memory representation of the final position of a moving object (which implies that observers perceptually "see" a near future forthcoming dynamic environmental state) and the temporal and spatial anticipatory judgments of the opponent's high or middle kicks in taekwondo. Twenty-seven participants (university taekwondo club members and non-members) observed video clips of taekwondo kicks that vanished at one of 10 frame positions prior to the kick impact and performed three tasks consecutively: anticipatory coincidence timing (CT) with the arrival of kick impact, judgment of the kick type (high and middle kicks) by forced choice, and judgment of the vanishing frame position (measuring RM). Our results showed significant group effects for the number of correct kick-type judgments and the judgment threshold for kick-type choice (kick-typeJT), which was estimated in terms of individual psychometric function curves. A significant correlation was found between the magnitude of RM (estimated at kick-typeJT) and kick-typeJT, but not between the CT errors (estimated at kick-typeJT) and kick-typeJT. This indicates that the magnitude of RM may play an influential role in quick kick-type judgments, but not in coincidence timing while observing an opponent's kick motion. These findings suggest that subjective anticipatory perception or judgment of the future spatial state is vital to anticipatory actions under severe time constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuniyasu Imanaka
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sugi
- Graduate School of Humanities [Psychology], Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakamoto
- Faculty of Physical Education, National Institute of Fitness and Sports in Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan
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Rodrigues JCC, Penna EM, Machado HES, Sant’Ana J, Diefenthaeler F, Coswig VS. Effects of lower and upper body fatigue in striking response time of amateur karate athletes. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14764. [PMID: 36743962 PMCID: PMC9897062 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In combat sports, strikes or counter-strikes response time (RT) can be related to performance and sporting success. Moreover, training sessions are usually highly fatiguing, which is expected to impair basic skills, such as RT. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of fatigue on punch and kick RTs of karate practitioners. Twelve individuals of both sexes from different levels (three yellow belts, three red belts, two orange belts, two green belts, one brown belt, and one black belt) were selected. Participants were aged 22 ± 3 years old, with a stature of 169.1 ± 6.5 cm, and a body mass of 65.5 ± 10 kg. Six visits were held with each participant. On the first 2 days, the RT of punches and kicks was measured by a validated smartphone app (TReaction). For the subsequent visits, a randomized incremental test for the upper or lower body was adopted as motor fatigue protocol, immediately followed by punches and kicks RT tests, also in random order. For induction of lower and upper body-specific muscle fatigue, the ITStriker app was used, which operates by emitting sound signals transmitted by a smartphone. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed, and significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Regarding the mean punches RT, significant effects between situations for the upper (F(2,22) = 11.5; ω2 = 0.23; p < 0.001) and lower body (F(2,22) = 14.2; ω2 = 0.18; p < 0.001) fatigue protocols were found. The negative effect of the lower body fatigue protocol in punches RT was evident regardless of the order of the tests (punch RT first: Δ = 10.5%; t = 4.4; p < 0.001; d = 1.0; kick RT first: Δ = 11.4%; t = 4.8; p < 0.001; d = 1.1). Regarding mean kicks RT, significant effects were found between situations for the lower (F(2,22) = 16.6; ω2 = 0.27; p < 0.001) but not for the upper (F(2,22) = 2.3; ω2 = 0.02; p = 0.12) body fatigue protocols. Kick RTs were negatively affected by the lower body fatigue protocol regardless of the RT order applied (punch RT first: Δ = 7.5%; t = 3.0; p = 0.01; d = 0.8; kick RT first: Δ = 14.3%; t = 5.7; p < 0.001; d = 1.5). Upper body fatigue does not impair punch or kick RTs. Thus, it is concluded that the specificity of fatigue protocols and striking order should be considered while performing RT demanding techniques in karate practice. Specifically, lower body motor fatigue may impair both kicks and punches RT, which highlights the role of lower limbs in punches performance. Otherwise, upper body motor fatigue seems to induce impairments that are limited to the specific motor actions of this body segment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Macedo Penna
- Faculdade de Educação Fisica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Hugo Enrico Souza Machado
- Faculdade de Educação Fisica, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jader Sant’Ana
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Fernando Diefenthaeler
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Victor S. Coswig
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Movimento Humano, Universidade Federal do Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil,Instituto de Educação Física e Esportes, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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A Multiday Professional Padel Tournament Impairs Sleep, Mental Toughness, and Reaction Time: A World Padel Tour Field Study. Motor Control 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36791726 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2022-0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess, for the first time, how self-reported sleep, mental toughness, and reaction time are impacted by a professional padel tournament. In addition, we evaluated whether sex, age, and/or ranking play a role in this possible effect of a tournament on these variables. Twenty-three professional players (15 men, Mage = 24 ± 6 years; eight women, Mage = 21 ± 5 years) were evaluated on two occasions: (a) baseline, in a noncompetitive week and (b) postmeasure, the morning after an individual was eliminated from the tournament. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Mental Toughness Questionnaire, and the psychomotor vigilance task were used to evaluate the dependent variables. Wilcoxon tests or paired samples t tests were employed to assess the effect of participating in the tournament. To test correlations between variables, Pearson correlation coefficients (quantitative variables) or chi-square distributions (qualitative variables) were employed. Results showed that self-reported sleep (p < .01), mental toughness (p = .01), and reaction time (p = .04) were significantly impaired by the tournament. Exploring moderating variables, results showed that mental toughness did not correlate with sleep impairments (p > .05). In contrast, a nearly significant correlation between sleep impairments and higher reaction times was found (p = .066). No significant effects of age, sex, and ranking were observed. In conclusion, participating in a padel competition impairs the self-reported sleep, mental toughness, and reaction time of professional padel players. A trend toward a significant correlation between the competition-related impairment in sleep and reaction time was observed, whereas age, ranking, and sex were not found to be moderators of any of these impairments.
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Hebisz P, Cortis C, Hebisz R. Acute Effects of Sprint Interval Training and Chronic Effects of Polarized Training (Sprint Interval Training, High Intensity Interval Training, and Endurance Training) on Choice Reaction Time in Mountain Bike Cyclists. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14954. [PMID: 36429672 PMCID: PMC9690254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the acute effects of sprint interval training and chronic effects of polarized training on choice reaction time in cyclists. Twenty-six mountain bike cyclists participated in the study and were divided into experimental (E) and control (C) groups. The cyclists trained for 9-weeks and performed five training sessions each week. Types of training sessions: (1) sprint interval training (SIT) which consisted of 8-16, 30 s repetitions at maximal intensity, (2) high-intensity interval training (HIIT) included 5 to 7, 5-min efforts at an intensity of 85-95% maximal aerobic power (Pmax), and (3) endurance training (ET) performed at an intensity of 55-60% Pmax, lasting 120--180 min. In each week the cyclists performed: in group E a polarized training program, which included 2 × SIT, 1 × HIIT and 2 × ET, while in group C 2 × HIIT and 3 × ET. Before (acute effects) and after the 9-week training period (chronic effects) participants performed laboratory sprint interval testing protocol (SITP), which consisted of 12 maximal repetitions lasting 30 s. During SITP maximal and mean anaerobic power, as well as lactate ion concentration and blood pH were measured. Choice reaction time (RT) was measured 4-times: before and immediately after the SITP test-before and after the 9-week training period. Evaluated the average choice RT, minimal choice RT (shortest reaction), maximal choice RT (longest reaction), and the number of incorrect reactions. Before the training period as acute effects of SITP, it was observed: a shorter average choice RT (F = 13.61; p = 0.001; η2 = 0.362) and maximal choice RT (F = 4.71; p = 0.040; η2 = 0.164), and a decrease the number of incorrect reactions (F = 53.72; p = 0.000; η2 = 0.691), for E and C groups. After the 9-week training period, chronic effects showed that choice RT did not change in any of the cyclists' groups. Only in the E group after the polarized training period, the number of incorrect reactions decreased (F = 49.03; p = 0.000; η2 = 0.671), average anaerobic power increased (F = 8.70; p = 0.007; η2 = 0.274) and blood pH decreased (F = 27.20; p = 0.000; η2 = 0.531), compared to the value before the training period. In conclusion, a shorter choice RT and a decrease in the number of incorrect reactions as acute effects of SITP, and a decrease in the number of incorrect reactions and higher average power as chronic effects of the polarized training program are beneficial for mountain bike cyclists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Hebisz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cristina Cortis
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Rafal Hebisz
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
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10
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Mañas-Paris A, Muyor JM, Oliva-Lozano JM. Using Inertial and Physiological Sensors to Investigate the Effects of a High-Intensity Interval Training and Plyometric Program on the Performance of Young Judokas. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8759. [PMID: 36433355 PMCID: PMC9694478 DOI: 10.3390/s22228759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of inertial and physiological sensors in a sport such as judo is scarce to date. The information provided by these sensors would allow practitioners to have a better understanding of sports performance, which is necessary for an accurate training prescription. The purpose of this study was to use inertial and physiological sensors in order to investigate the effect of a plyometric and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) training program on Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) performance and speed of execution of throws in young judokas. A total of 32 participants were divided into two groups: experimental and control. The intervention consisted of six sessions with a duration of 60 min for 3 weeks. Physiological sensors collected heart rate data to assess the Special Judo Fitness Test, and inertial sensors collected angular velocity. The results show a significant decrease in the SJFT index (Score pre: 22.27 ± 2.73; Score post: 19.65 ± 1.70; p ≤ 0.05; d = 0.61) and a significant increase in the angular velocity of the X-axis (Pre: 320.87 ± 51.15°/s; Post: 356.50 ± 40.47°/s; p ≤ 0.05; d = 0.45) and Y-axis (Pre: 259.40 ± 41.99°/s; Post: 288.02 ± 65.12°/s; p ≤ 0.05; d = 0.31) in the experimental group. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that using inertial and physiological sensors allowed us to analyze the effect that a high-intensity interval training program and plyometrics had on the performance of young judokas. Strength and conditioning coaches should consider these results because including plyometric training and HIIT in judokas' workout programming can be especially positive for eliciting increases in performance. However, future training interventions should investigate the training adaptations to longer interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M. Muyor
- Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab.), Research Central Services, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
- Health Research Centre, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | - José M. Oliva-Lozano
- Laboratory of Kinesiology, Biomechanics and Ergonomics (KIBIOMER Lab.), Research Central Services, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
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11
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Theofilou G, Ladakis I, Mavroidi C, Kilintzis V, Mirachtsis T, Chouvarda I, Kouidi E. The Effects of a Visual Stimuli Training Program on Reaction Time, Cognitive Function, and Fitness in Young Soccer Players. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6680. [PMID: 36081136 PMCID: PMC9460176 DOI: 10.3390/s22176680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine whether a visual stimuli program during soccer training can affect reaction time (RT), cognitive function, and physical fitness in adolescent soccer players. Thirty-eight male soccer players aged 10−15 were randomly assigned to either the intervention (Group A) or the control group (Group B). At baseline and at the end of the 6-month study FITLIGHT Trainer, the Cognitive Function Scanner Mobile Test Suite, a Virtual Reality (VR) game, and the ALPHA—Fitness and the Eurofit test batteries were used to measure participants’ abilities. After the baseline assessment, Group A followed their regular soccer training combined with a visual stimuli program, while Group B continued their regular soccer training program alone for 6 months. At the end of the 6-month study, Group A showed statistically significant improvements in simple RT by 11.8% (p = 0.002), repeated sprints by 13.4% (p ≤ 0.001), and Pen-to-Point Cognitive Function by 71.62% (p < 0.001) and 72.51% for dominant and non-dominant hands, respectively. However, a between-groups analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in most of the measurements studied. In conclusion, a visual stimuli training program does not seem to add any value to the traditional soccer training program for adolescents. Nevertheless, this study helps to underline the potential of newly emerging technology as a tool for the assessment of RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Theofilou
- Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), P.C. 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ladakis
- Laboratory of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical—Imaging Technologies, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.C. 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charikleia Mavroidi
- Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), P.C. 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Kilintzis
- Laboratory of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical—Imaging Technologies, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.C. 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros Mirachtsis
- Ophthalmology Department, 424 Military Hospital, P.C. 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Chouvarda
- Laboratory of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical—Imaging Technologies, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.C. 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia Kouidi
- Laboratory of Sports Medicine, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTh), P.C. 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Functional Reaction Times of a Simulated Blocking Test among Para Taekwondo Athletes. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071231. [PMID: 35885758 PMCID: PMC9317956 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Para taekwondo is a combat sport martial art that requires fast reaction times for successful defense during fighting. The current classification system is based on the function and the effective length of the upper limbs, which affects the athlete’s ability to block. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the differences between the different classes in the athlete’s ability to block and move around the ring. A total of 87 Para taekwondo (K42, K43, and K44) athletes’ data were analyzed. Each participant engaged in the blocking reaction time test in a fighting stance with the left leg in front, the right leg in front, and the legs parallel in random order. A foot-stepping reaction test was performed to anlyze how the athletes moved in various directions. The results indicated no significant differences between the classes for the lower body foot stepping reaction times and the upper body blocking performance times. The stimulated blocking time of the Para taekwondo athletes ranged from 0.79 to 0.97 s Furthermore, the neurological group (0.86 ± 0.09 s) was significantly slower than the amputation/dysmelia group (0.81 ± 0.07 s). We thus concluded that the neurologically impaired athletes were disadvantaged and therefore belonged in a separate class.
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13
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Allik A, Pilt K, Viigimäe M, Fridolin I, Jervan G. A Novel Physical Fatigue Assessment Method Utilizing Heart Rate Variability and Pulse Arrival Time towards Personalized Feedback with Wearable Sensors. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22041680. [PMID: 35214582 PMCID: PMC8924887 DOI: 10.3390/s22041680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a novel method for physical fatigue assessment that can be applied in wearable systems, by utilizing a set of real-time measurable cardiovascular parameters. Daylength measurements, including a morning test set, physical exercise during the day, and an afternoon test set were conducted on 16 healthy subjects (8 female and 8 male). To analyze cardiovascular parameters for physical fatigue assessment, electrocardiography, pulse wave and blood pressure were measured during the test sets. The fatigue assessment questionnaire score, reaction time, countermovement jump height and hand grip strength were also measured and used as reference parameters. This study demonstrates that (i) the compiled test battery can selectively assess the rested vs. physically-fatigued states; (ii) the obtained linear support-vector machine, trained using the heart rate variability based parameter (F-score 0.842, accuracy 0.813) and pulse arrival time based parameter (F-score 0.875, accuracy 0.875) shows a promising ability to classify between the physically mildly fatigued and significantly fatigued states. Despite the somewhat limited study group size, the results of the study are unique and provide a significant advancement on the existing physical fatigue assessment methods towards a personalized and continuous real-time fatigue monitoring system with wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardo Allik
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (K.P.); (M.V.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kristjan Pilt
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (K.P.); (M.V.); (I.F.)
| | - Moonika Viigimäe
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (K.P.); (M.V.); (I.F.)
| | - Ivo Fridolin
- Department of Health Technologies, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; (K.P.); (M.V.); (I.F.)
| | - Gert Jervan
- Department of Computer Systems, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia;
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14
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Effect of types of stimuli, handedness and gender differences on reaction time among adults students during the COVID-19 pandemic. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has unhinged the lives of people across the globe, in particular, university students who are home-schooling. No study has investigated the influence of specific parameters on reaction time (RT) among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study aims to describe the relationship between RT and parameters (types of stimuli, handedness, and gender differences) that may affect its values during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Material and methods: RT of 60 volunteers to visual and auditory stimuli were recorded using the drop ruler method. RT was compared within-subject with respect to handedness and type of stimulus, and between subjects with regards to gender.
Results: Although a small difference between RT reported as a function of hands and gender was observed, these results were statistically insignificant. However, females had a significant shorter RT to visual than the auditory stimulus.
Conclusions: Findings showed that no significant differences were obtained between all comparisons made, except between females RT to visual stimulus and auditory stimulus. This can be attributed to the high level of stress and anxiety that may occur among students due to the COVID-19, which is the most prevalent and dangerous topic for university students, especially female students.
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15
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Ouergui I, Mahdi N, Delleli S, Messaoudi H, Chtourou H, Sahnoun Z, Bouassida A, Bouhlel E, Nobari H, Ardigò LP, Franchini E. Acute Effects of Low Dose of Caffeine Ingestion Combined with Conditioning Activity on Psychological and Physical Performances of Male and Female Taekwondo Athletes. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030571. [PMID: 35276932 PMCID: PMC8838840 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated low-dose caffeine ingestion, conditioning activity (CA) effects on psycho-physical performances in young taekwondo athletes. In a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design, 20 athletes (10 males; 17.5 ± 0.7 yrs) performed taekwondo-specific agility test (TSAT), 10 s/multiple frequency speed of kick test (FSKT-10s/FSKT-mult) after ingesting 3 mg·kg−1 caffeine (CAF) or placebo (PL) 60 min before performing standard warm-up without (NoCA) or with CA (3 × 10 vertical jumps above 40 cm), resulting in four experimental (PL + NoCA, CAF + NoCA, PL + CA, and CAF + CA) and one control (warm-up session without CAF or CA) conditions. Mood/physical symptoms (MPSS), subjective vitality (SVS), and feeling (FS) scales were analyzed post-to-pre for all conditions. Ratings of perceived-exertion and perceived-recovery status were determined after tests. For TSAT, CAF + CA induced better performance compared with all conditions (p < 0.001). For FSKT-10s and FSKT-mult, CAF + CA induced better performance compared with all conditions (p < 0.001). For MPSS, FS, CAF + NoCA induced higher scores than PL + NoCA and PL + CA (p = 0.002, 0.009 for MPSS; p = 0.014, 0.03 for FS). For SVS, PL + CA elicited lower scores than PL + NoCA and CAF + NoCA (p = 0.01, 0.004). Sex comparisons resulted in better performances for males for TSAT (p = 0.008), FSKT-10s (p < 0.001), FSKT-mult (p < 0.01), MPSS (p = 0.02), SVS (p = 0.028), and FS (p = 0.020) scores. Caffeine and conditioning activity are two efficient performance-enhancing strategies, which could synergistically result in greater psycho-physical performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ouergui
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia; (I.O.); (N.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Nourhene Mahdi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia; (I.O.); (N.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Slaheddine Delleli
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (S.D.); (H.M.); (H.C.)
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Messaoudi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (S.D.); (H.M.); (H.C.)
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (S.D.); (H.M.); (H.C.)
- Activité Physique, Sport et Santé, UR18JS01, Observatoire National du Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia
| | - Zouheir Sahnoun
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, Kef 7100, Tunisia; (I.O.); (N.M.); (A.B.)
| | - Ezdine Bouhlel
- Laboratory of Cardio-Circulatory, Respiratory, Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations to Muscular Exercise, Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar, University of Sousse, Sousse 4000, Tunisia;
| | - Hadi Nobari
- HEME Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, 18010 Granada, Spain
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
- Sports Scientist, Sepahan Football Club, Isfahan 81887-78473, Iran
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (L.P.A.)
| | - Luca Paolo Ardigò
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, School of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37131 Verona, Italy
- Correspondence: (H.N.); (L.P.A.)
| | - Emerson Franchini
- Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil;
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16
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Effects of All-Night Driving on Selective Attention in Professional Truck Drivers: A Preliminary Functional Magnetic Resonance Study. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14175409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue affects multiple aspects of cognitive performance among drivers. However, even after fatigue builds up, some are still able to maintain the level of behavioral performance. To evaluate these adaptations on the neural network level, we utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Seventeen male professional drivers underwent two fMRI sessions, once while rested and once in a fatigued condition after 10-h of overnight driving. The cognitive task used in the study involved the detection of visual feature conjunctions, namely the shape and the color. There were no significant differences in the task performance between the conditions except for longer reaction times in the fatigued condition. However, we observed substantial differences in the activation patterns during the cognitive task involving selective attention between the conditions. On the global level, we observed a general decrease in activation strength in the fatigued condition, which appeared to be more pronounced in the left hemisphere. On the local level, we observed a (spatially) extended activation of the medial prefrontal regions in the fatigued condition, which reflected increased cognitive control mechanisms compensating for the diminished efficiency of mechanisms involved in meeting task demands.
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17
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Sant' Ana J, Sakugawa RL, Diefenthaeler F. The Effect of a Pace Training Session on Internal Load and Neuromuscular Parameters in Taekwondo Athletes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:710627. [PMID: 34413790 PMCID: PMC8370830 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.710627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify the effect of a pace training session at an intensity corresponding to the kick frequency at the anaerobic threshold (KFAT) on the internal load response and motor response performance of the roundhouse kick. Twelve black belt taekwondo athletes underwent two evaluation sessions: (1) performed the progressive specific test for taekwondo (PSTT) to identify the heart rate deflection point (HRDP) and the KFAT; (2) performed three 2-min rounds with a 1-min interval. Heart rate (HR) throughout each round and motor response performance before and after sessions were measured. The Student's T-test or Wilcoxon test was used, and p < 0.05 was adopted. During round 1, a lower internal load was observed (167 ± 10 bpm) compared with HRDP (179 ± 8 bpm; p = 0.035). During rounds 2 (178 ± 10 bpm; p = 0.745) and 3 (179 ± 8 bpm; p = 1), no differences were observed for an internal load and HRDP. Motor response performance showed no differences. However, a potentiation in the post countermovement jump test compared with rounds 1 (p = 0.012) and 2 (p = 0.028) was observed. The internal load (HR) observed at the intensity corresponding to KFAT can be considered in the prescription of training when the aim is to control the internal load responses without inducing fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jader Sant' Ana
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Raphael Luiz Sakugawa
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Fernando Diefenthaeler
- Laboratório de Biomecânica, Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
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18
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Albuquerque MR, Tavares LD, Longo AR, Caldeira Mesquita PH, Franchini E. Relationship between Indirect Measures of Aerobic and Muscle Power with Frequency Speed of Kick Test Multiple Performance in Taekwondo Athletes. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:254-261. [PMID: 34388844 DOI: 10.1055/a-1546-9221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the relationship between indirect measures of aerobic power and muscular power with Frequency Speed of Kick Test performance using multiple sets (FSKTmult) in high-level taekwondo athletes. We used a known-group method to test differences in FSKTmult performance between two groups designated as lower and higher performance in both aerobic power and muscular power. In total, 42 international or national taekwondo athletes of both sexes performed the FSKTmult, Progressive Specific Taekwondo Test (PSTT), and countermovement jump (CMJ). Our results showed that average of the three CMJ was moderately correlated with FSKTmult performance (r=0.44); whereas PSTT and FSKTmult were highly correlated (r=0.83). Moreover, the groups formed by lower and higher performance of time to exhaustion in PSTT, as well as the average of CMJ were able to discriminate performance in the FSKTmult (p ≤0.05). The present study thus suggests that aerobic and muscle power are important for FSKTmult performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maicon Rodrigues Albuquerque
- Combat Sports Laboratory, Department of Sports - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Centro de Treinamento Esportivo - CTE, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Duarte Tavares
- Neuromuscular adaptations to Strength Training Research Group, Sport Department, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariel Roberth Longo
- Neuromuscular adaptations to Strength Training Research Group, Sport Department, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson Franchini
- Martial Arts and Combat Sports Research Group, Sport Department, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Naderi A, Samanipour MH, Sarshin A, Forbes SC, Koozehchian MS, Franchini E, Reale R, Berjisian E, de Oliveira EP, Miraftabi H, Sharafshadeh MS, Rezaei S. Effects of two different doses of carbohydrate ingestion on taekwondo-related performance during a simulated tournament. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:40. [PMID: 34044858 PMCID: PMC8161610 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion enhances exercise performance; however, the efficacy of CHO intake on repeated bouts of exercise simulating a taekwondo tournament is unknown. Therefore, the purpose was to compare the effects of two different doses of CHO on a sports-specific kicking test during a simulated taekwondo tournament compared to placebo (PLA). Methods In a double-blind, randomized-placebo controlled, cross-over trial, eleven junior male professional taekwondo athletes (age: 16 ± 0.8 years, body mass: 55.3 ± 7.3 kg) ingested one of three solutions: (i) high dose (C45): 45 g of CHO (60 g∙h− 1), (ii) low dose (C22.5): 22.5 g of CHO (30 g∙h− 1; both solutions containing 2:1 glucose:fructose), or a PLA immediately following each kicking test. The kicking test was repeated 5 times, separated by 45 mins of rest, simulating a typical taekwondo competition day. Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and gastrointestinal discomfort (GI) scores were collected immediately after, and blood glucose before each test. Results The results revealed that C45 and C22.5 did not improve total, successful, or percentage of successful kicks compared to PLA (p > 0.05). Blood glucose was significantly higher following both CHO conditions compared with PLA across all five tests (p < 0.05). There were no differences between treatments or across tests for RPE (p > 0.05). Conclusion CHO intake, independent of the dose, did not alter taekwondo kick performance during a simulated taekwondo tournament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Naderi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran.
| | | | - Amir Sarshin
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education Studies, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, R7A6A9, Canada
| | - Majid S Koozehchian
- Department of Kinesiology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, 36265, USA
| | - Emerson Franchini
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Reid Reale
- UFC Performance Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Erfan Berjisian
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Erick P de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Exercise and Health (LaNES), School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hossein Miraftabi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sajjad Rezaei
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
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20
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Sarshin A, Fallahi V, Forbes SC, Rahimi A, Koozehchian MS, Candow DG, Kaviani M, Khalifeh SN, Abdollahi V, Naderi A. Short-term co-ingestion of creatine and sodium bicarbonate improves anaerobic performance in trained taekwondo athletes. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021; 18:10. [PMID: 33478522 PMCID: PMC7819230 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-021-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Creatine (CR) and sodium bicarbonate (SB) alone improve anaerobic performance. However, the ergogenic effects of CR and SB co-ingestion on taekwondo anaerobic performance remains unknown. METHODS Forty trained taekwondo athletes (21 ± 1 y.; 180.5 ± 7.3 cm; 72.7 ± 8.6 kg) were randomized to: (i) CR and SB (CR + SB; 20 g of CR+ 0.5 g·kg- 1·d- 1 of SB), (ii) CR, (iii) SB, (iv) placebo (PLA), or (v) control (CON) for 5 days. Before and after supplementation, participants completed 3 bouts of a Taekwondo Anaerobic Intermittent Kick Test (TAIKT) to determine changes in peak power (PP), mean power (MP), and fatigue index (FI). Blood lactate (BL) was measured before, immediately following, and 3 min post-TAIKT. RESULTS PP and MP increased over time (P < 0.05) following CR + SB, CR, and SB ingestion, with no changes in the PLA or CON groups. There was a greater increase over time in MP following CR + SB (Absolute Δ: 1.15 ± 0.28 W∙kg67) compared to CR (Absolute Δ: 0.43 ± 0.33 W∙kg67; P < 0.001) and SB (Absolute Δ: 0.73 ± 0.24 W∙kg67; P = 0.03). There were no significant time and condition effect for FI (P > 0.05). BL increased following exercise across all groups; however, CR + SB and SB post-exercise BL was lower compared to CR, PLA, and CON (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Short-term CR and SB alone enhance TAIKT performance in trained taekwondo athletes. Co-ingestion of CR and SB augments MP compared to CR and SB alone, with similar PP improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sarshin
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Vahid Fallahi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Scott C Forbes
- Faculty of Education, Department of Physical Education, Brandon University, Brandon, MB, R7A6A9, Canada
| | - Alireza Rahimi
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Majid S Koozehchian
- Department of Kinesiology, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL, 36265, USA
| | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, SK, S4S0A2, Canada
| | - Mojtaba Kaviani
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Seyed Nemat Khalifeh
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Department of Exercise Physiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Naderi
- Department of Sport Physiology, Boroujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Boroujerd, Iran
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21
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Guan Y, Bredin S, Jiang Q, Taunton J, Li Y, Wu N, Wu L, Warburton D. The effect of fatigue on asymmetry between lower limbs in functional performances in elite child taekwondo athletes. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:33. [PMID: 33422109 PMCID: PMC7797112 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02175-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inter-limb asymmetry above a certain threshold in functional performance indicates increased injury risk in sports. Fatigue has been found to increase bilateral asymmetry in lower-limb jumping performance among high-school and adult athletes, whereas this impact has not been examined in child athletes. This study aimed to examine the effect of fatigue on inter-limb asymmetry in functional performances in elite Taekwondo athletes aged between 9 and 11 years. METHODS Performance of single-leg jumps, Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and muscle (hamstring and gastrocnemius) flexibility were measured for 13 elite male child Taekwondo athletes (aged 9.85 ± 0.80 years) at both the rested and fatigued states to examine the inter-limb asymmetry. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was conducted to examine for difference and the interaction between limb (dominant, non-dominant leg) and state (rested, fatigued state) for each test. Paired t test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the asymmetry magnitude at the rested vs. fatigued state for each test, and the variation of performance post fatigue in the dominant vs. non-dominant leg when appropriate. RESULTS The inter-limb asymmetry in triple-hop distance significantly (p = 0.046) increased with fatigue, whereas the asymmetry significantly (p = 0.004) decreased with fatigue in anterior (ANT) reach distance in SEBT. A significant (p = 0.027) limb by state interaction was shown for posterolateral (PL) reach distance in SEBT, wherein a significant (p = 0.005) bilateral difference was only shown at the rested state. The PL reach distance showed a significantly greater decrease (p = 0.028) post fatigue when using the dominant leg for support compared to using the non-dominant leg. CONCLUSIONS Fatigue significantly impacts inter-limb asymmetry in jump performances and dynamic balance for child athletes, while the variation of inter-limb asymmetry post fatigue may be different across tests. For the purpose of injury prevention, practitioners should consider assessing the inter-limb asymmetry for children at both the rested and fatigued state and be mindful of the fatigue response of each leg in functional tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Guan
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Shannon Bredin
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Qinxian Jiang
- Department of Physical Education, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Jack Taunton
- Allan McGavin Sport Medicine Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yongfeng Li
- College of Sports and Health, Shandong Sport University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Nana Wu
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Lina Wu
- School of Nursing and Health, Qingdao Huanghai University, Qingdao, China
| | - Darren Warburton
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 2259 Lower Mall Research Station, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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22
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Laurent A, Plamondon R, Begon M. Central and Peripheral Shoulder Fatigue Pre-screening Using the Sigma-Lognormal Model: A Proof of Concept. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:171. [PMID: 32508608 PMCID: PMC7248386 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical tests for detecting central and peripheral shoulder fatigue are limited. The discrimination of these two types of fatigue is necessary to better adapt recovery intervention. The Kinematic Theory of Rapid Human Movements describes the neuromotor impulse response using lognormal functions and has many applications in pathology detection. The ideal motor control is modeled and a change in the neuromuscular system is reflected in parameters extracted according to this theory. Objective The objective of this study was to assess whether a shoulder neuromuscular fatigue could be detected through parameters describing the theory, if there is the possibility to discriminate central from peripheral fatigue, and which handwriting test gives the most relevant information on fatigue. Methods Twenty healthy participants performed two sessions of fast stroke handwriting on a tablet, before and after a shoulder fatigue. The fatigue was in internal rotation for one session and in external rotation during the other session. The drawings consisted of simple strokes, triangles, horizontal, and vertical oscillations. Parameters of these strokes were extracted according to the Sigma–Lognormal model of the Kinematic Theory. The evolution of each participant was analyzed through a U-Mann–Whitney test for individual comparisons. A Hotelling’s T2-test and a U-Mann–Whitney test were also performed on all participants to assess the group evolution after fatigue. Moreover, a correlation among parameters was calculated through Spearman coefficients to assess intrinsic parameters properties of each handwriting test. Results Central and peripheral parameters were statistically different before and after fatigue with a possibility to discriminate them. Participants had various responses to fatigue. However, when considering the group, parameters related to the motor program execution showed significant increase in the handwriting tests after shoulder fatigue. The test of simple strokes permits to know more specifically where the fatigue comes from, whereas the oscillations tests were the most sensitive to fatigue. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that the Sigma–Lognormal model of the Kinematic Theory is an innovative approach for fatigue detection with discrimination between the central and peripheral systems. Overall, there is a possibility to implement the setting for clinics and sports personalized follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Laurent
- Laboratoire Scribens, Département de Génie Électrique, Programme de Génie Biomédical, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Réjean Plamondon
- Laboratoire Scribens, Département de Génie Électrique, Polytechnique Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mickael Begon
- Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
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23
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Pavelka R, Třebický V, Třebická Fialová J, Zdobinský A, Coufalová K, Havlíček J, Tufano JJ. Acute fatigue affects reaction times and reaction consistency in Mixed Martial Arts fighters. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227675. [PMID: 32004350 PMCID: PMC6994193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) is a multielement combat sport where fighters need to quickly react to an opponent’s movements under fatigued conditions. Research indicates that fast reaction time is important in many sports, but the effect of fatigue has shown negative, null, or even positive influences on reaction time. However, few studies have been conducted in a controlled setting, especially using MMA figthers, whose matches are frequently resolved in a split-second. Therefore, this study investigated whether acute neuromuscular fatigue affects reaction and movement times, and their consistency in MMA fighters (N = 45). Before and after an upper-body Wingate test, a simple visual reaction time task was completed. Results showed a significant negative effect of fatigue on the reaction times and their consistency, with longer reactions (1.5% change) and lower consistency (14.7% change) after the Wingate test. Further, greater amounts of fatigue during the Wingate test seemed to negatively affect the consistency of post-Wingate movement time. Due to cumulative fatigue and the dynamic nature of MMA, our data indicate that not only the decrements in aerobic and anaerobic power likely affect a fighter’s performance, but their reaction time and motor time may also be compromised during a fight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Pavelka
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vít Třebický
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
| | - Jitka Třebická Fialová
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Zdobinský
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klára Coufalová
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Havlíček
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - James J. Tufano
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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24
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Coswig V, Sant' Ana J, Coelho MN, Pereira Moro AR, Diefenthaeler F. Development of a Mobile Phone App for Measuring Striking Response Time in Combat Sports: Cross-Sectional Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e14641. [PMID: 31710294 PMCID: PMC6878103 DOI: 10.2196/14641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background TReaction is a mobile app developed to determine strike response time at low cost and with easy application in combat sports. However, the validity and accuracy of the response time obtained by the TReaction app has not yet been evaluated. Objective This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the TReaction app in measuring motor response time in combat sports. Methods A total of two athletes performed 59 strikes to assess the response time upon visual stimulus using the TReaction app simultaneously with a high-speed camera. Accuracy of the measure was verified using a computer simulator programmed to discharge visual stimuli and obtain the response time. Pearson correlation, Student t test for dependent samples, and the Bland-Altman analysis were performed. Accuracy was verified using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Effect size (g) and the typical error of measurement (TEM) were calculated. The significance level was set at P<.05. Results No significant difference (P=.56) was found between both systems. The methods presented a very strong correlation (r=0.993). The magnitude of differences was trivial (g<0.25), and TEM was 1.4%. These findings indicate a high accuracy between the computer screen and the mobile app measures to determine the beginning of the task and the response time. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the TReaction app is a valid tool to evaluate the response time in combat sports athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Coswig
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Departamento de Educação Física, Castanhal, Brazil
| | - Jader Sant' Ana
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Educação Física, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernando Diefenthaeler
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Educação Física, Florianopolis, Brazil
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25
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Reigal RE, Barrero S, Martín I, Morales-Sánchez V, Juárez-Ruiz de Mier R, Hernández-Mendo A. Relationships Between Reaction Time, Selective Attention, Physical Activity, and Physical Fitness in Children. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2278. [PMID: 31681086 PMCID: PMC6803537 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze the relationships between simple and complex reaction times (RTs) with the physical activity performed weekly, the physical fitness and selective attention in children of the third cycle of primary education. Participants were 119 children aged between 10 and 12 years (M = 10.71; SD = 0.77). The instruments used for data collection were the D2 attention test to analyze selective attention, various tests of the Eurofit and ALPHA-Fitness Battery to evaluate the physical condition, a bioimpedanciometer Tanita TBF 300 to evaluate the body composition, and the FITLIGHT Trainer to measure the simple and complex RTs. The group that carried out more weekly physical activity used less time in simple (p < 0.05, d = −0.68, 95% CI [−1.19, −0.17]) and complex RT tests (p < 0.05, d = −0.63, 95% CI [−1.14, −0.12]). Also, the results showed that the simple RT was related in a significant way with physical fitness, while the complex RT was related significantly to attentional capacity and physical fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Barrero
- Department of Methodology for Behavioral Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martín
- Department of Methodology for Behavioral Science, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Verónica Morales-Sánchez
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Work, Anthropology and East Asian Studies, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Hernández-Mendo
- Department of Social Psychology, Social Work, Anthropology and East Asian Studies, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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26
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Gentilin A, Skroce K, Schena F, Tarperi C. Prolonged visual reaction time after strenuous endurance exercise: higher increment in male compared to female recreational runners. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-019-00593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Chuang SJ, Sung YC, Chen CY, Liao YH, Chou CC. Can Match-Mimicking Intermittent Practice Be Used as a Simulatory Training Mode of Competition Using Olympic Time Frame in Elite Taekwondo Athletes? Front Physiol 2019; 10:244. [PMID: 30949063 PMCID: PMC6436471 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The physiological realities between Taekwondo (TKD) simulation kicking training and TKD competition according to the Olympic time frame remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to establish an Olympic match-simulated kicking model and compare its effects with real TKD competition on physiological challenges and hormonal responses during serial matches in elite athletes. Method: Sixteen elite TKD athletes randomly were assigned into either a TKD match-simulated kicking group (TMSK; N = 8, age: 21.3 ± 0.2 years) or a simulated TKD competition group (STC; N = 8, age: 21.6 ± 0.5 years). Both groups performed either simulated kicking or TKD competitions in the same time-course order, and all physiological parameters and blood sampling time-points were identical between groups. The heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded during each match-simulated kicking and TKD competition session. Blood samples were obtained before competition (Pre-Comp.), after competition—in ths case meaning four consecutive matches (End-Comp.), and 24 h after the first match (Next day) for determination of biomarkers of muscle damage (myoglobin and CK), hematological profiles, and hormonal profiles (testosterone and cortisol). Results: The responses of HR, RPE, and blood lactate levels during the consecutive testing sessions showed no differences between TMSK and STC. The changes in CK and myoglobin were greater in STC (p < 0.05), and a greater decrease in red blood cell (RBC) loss was observed in the STC group (p < 0.05). Compared with TMSK, the inflammatory state, reflected by the ratios of neutrophils-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and platelets-to-lymphocyte (PLR), was higher in STC (p < 0.05). Moreover, the catabolic state (cortisol/testosterone) was greater in STC than in TMSK (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated that, compared with TMSK, the STC produced greater muscle damage, inflammatory responses, and catabolic stress in the Olympic competition time frame in elite male TKD athletes. Although TMSK is capable of eliciting similar physiological challenges as TKD competition, the muscle damage and hormonal profiles provoked by TMSK were not comparable to TKD competition. Our findings provide science-based data and better understanding for coaches, athletes, and sports scientists to develop TKD-specific training programs for Olympic preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ju Chuang
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yu-Chi Sung
- Department of Chinese Martial Arts, Chinese Culture University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yu Chen
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, University of Taipei, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chung Chou
- Physical Education Office, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan
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28
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Barley OR, Chapman DW, Guppy SN, Abbiss CR. Considerations When Assessing Endurance in Combat Sport Athletes. Front Physiol 2019; 10:205. [PMID: 30906267 PMCID: PMC6419021 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combat sports encompass a range of sports, each involving physical combat between participants. Such sports are unique, with competitive success influenced by a diverse range of physical characteristics. Effectively identifying and evaluating each characteristic is essential for athletes and support staff alike. Previous research investigating the relationship between combat sports performance and measures of strength and power is robust. However, research investigating the relationship between combat sports performance and assessments of endurance is less conclusive. As a physical characteristic, endurance is complex and influenced by multiple factors including mechanical efficiency, maximal aerobic capacity, metabolic thresholds, and anaerobic capacities. To assess endurance of combat sports athletes, previous research has employed methods ranging from incremental exercise tests to circuits involving sports-specific techniques. These tests range in their ability to discern various physiological attributes or performance characteristics, with varying levels of accuracy and ecological validity. In fact, it is unclear how various physiological attributes influence combat sport endurance performance. Further, the sensitivity of sports specific skills in performance based tests is also unclear. When developing or utilizing tests to better understand an athletes' combat sports-specific endurance characteristic, it is important to consider what information the test will and will not provide. Additionally, it is important to determine which combination of performance and physiological assessments will provide the most comprehensive picture. Strengthening the understanding of assessing combat sport-specific endurance as a physiological process and as a performance metric will improve the quality of future research and help support staff effectively monitor their athlete's characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R. Barley
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Dale W. Chapman
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Performance Support, New South Wales Institute of Sport, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart N. Guppy
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Chris R. Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sports Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Ervilha UF, Fernandes FDM, Souza CCD, Hamill J. Reaction time and muscle activation patterns in elite and novice athletes performing a taekwondo kick. Sports Biomech 2018; 19:665-677. [PMID: 30274543 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2018.1515244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Fractionated reaction time can be used to determine distinct epochs known as pre-motor, response and movement times (MTs) of a reaction time task. The purpose of this study was to compare elite and novice athletes performing a taekwondo kick in terms of the fractionated reaction time and electromyography (EMG) activation patterns of the muscles of the striking lower limb and the lower back. We hypothesised that the pre-motor time, response time (RT) and MT would be the shorter for elite athletes compared to novices. We collected data on 13 elite and 10 novice athletes when performing a roundhouse kick. The experiment included EMG electrodes placed on five low back and lower extremity muscles and an electrogoniometer placed on the kicking knee. We found that pre-motor time was shorter and the RT was longer for elite athletes than novice athletes. Moreover, the integrated EMG of the main knee extensor does not differ between groups though other leg and trunk muscles do. The results allow coaches and teachers to understand this particular taekwondo kicking movement which could ultimately improve the technique in order to establish training and teaching goals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph Hamill
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts , Amherst, MA, USA
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30
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Kozina Z, Kot V, Ogar G. Індивідуальний підхід у підготовці спортсменів у єдиноборствах. HEALTH, SPORT, REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.34142/hsr.2018.04.02.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Мета роботи – проаналізувати літературні дані та визначити методологічні основи з проблеми індивідуалізації техніко-тактичних манер ведення поєдинку кваліфікованих таеквондистів з урахуванням типологічних характеристик. Матервал і методи. У дослідженні взяли участь 42 спортсмена-таеквондиста середніх вагових категорій 60-81 кг (14 майстрів спорту, 28 – кандидатів у майстри спорту), з них – 22 спортсмена експериментальної групи і 20 спортсменів контрольної групи. Методи і організація дослідження. Для аналізу вегетативної регуляції серцевої діяльності використовували один з методів математичного аналізу варіабельності серцевого ритму - вариационную пульсометра. Запис сигналу здійснювалася на портативному кардіографічних приладі «Кардіолаб +». Застосовували також монітор безперервної реєстрації серцевого ритму моделі «Polar» з відповідним програмним забезпеченням. Запис здійснювали протягом 5 хвилин в положенні лежачи після 5-хвилинного відпочинку. Результати. Систематизовано дані літератури відносно індивідуальної техніко-тактичної підготовки кваліфікованих таеквондистів та розроблено систему індивідуалізації техніко-тактичної підготовки в таеквондо. Виділено основні положення індивідуалізації техніко-тактичної підготовки кваліфікованих таеквондистів. Система індивідуалізації процесу підготовки таеквондистів, аналогічно трьох аспектів системного підходу, а також аналогічно системі індивідуалізації в спортивних іграх, складається з трьох напрямків: визначення індивідуальної факторної структури підготовленості спортсменів, визначення закономірностей індивідуальної динаміки функціонального стану; розробка інтерактивних технологій для вдосконалення індивідуалізації тренувального процесу. Висновок. Отримані результати свідчать про ефективність розробленої методики підготовки таеквондистів високого класу згідно їх індивідуальним тактичним манерам ведення бою, виявленим із застосуванням методів математичного моделювання, факторного та кластерного аналізу.
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The Effect of a New Sodium Bicarbonate Loading Regimen on Anaerobic Capacity and Wrestling Performance. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060697. [PMID: 29848993 PMCID: PMC6024820 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal side effects are the main problem with sodium bicarbonate (SB) use in sports. Therefore, our study assessed the effect of a new SB loading regimen on anaerobic capacity and wrestling performance. Fifty-eight wrestlers were randomized to either a progressive-dose regimen of up to 100 mg∙kg−1 of SB or a placebo for 10 days. Before and after treatment, athletes completed an exercise protocol that comprised, in sequence, the first Wingate, dummy throw, and second Wingate tests. Blood samples were taken pre- and post-exercise. No gastrointestinal side effects were reported during the study. After SB treatment, there were no significant improvements in the outcomes of the Wingate and dummy throw tests. The only index that significantly improved with SB, compared to the placebo (p = 0.0142), was the time-to-peak power in the second Wingate test, which decreased from 3.44 ± 1.98 to 2.35 ± 1.17 s. There were also no differences in blood lactate or glucose concentrations. In conclusion, although the new loading regimen eliminated gastrointestinal symptoms, the doses could have been too small to elicit additional improvements in anaerobic power and wrestling performance. However, shortening the time-to-peak power during fatigue may be particularly valuable and is one of the variables contributing to the final success of a combat sports athlete.
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