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Axelsson D, Brynhildsen J, Blomberg M. Maternal obesity and the risk of postpartum infections according to mode of delivery. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2245102. [PMID: 37574213 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2023.2245102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of different maternal Body Mass Index (BMI) classes on the risk of postpartum endometritis, wound infection, and breast abscess after different modes of delivery. Secondly to estimate how the risk of postpartum infection varies with different maternal BMI groups after induction of labor and after obstetric anal sphincter injuries. METHODS A population-based observational study including women who gave birth during eight years (N = 841,780). Data were collected from three Swedish Medical Health Registers, the Swedish Medical Birth Register, the Swedish National Patient Register, and the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Outcomes were defined by ICD-10 codes given within eight weeks postpartum. The reference population was uninfected women. Odds ratios were determined using Mantel-Haenszel technique. Year of delivery, maternal age, parity and smoking in early pregnancy were considered as confounders. RESULTS There was a dose-dependent relationship between an increasing maternal BMI and a higher risk for postpartum infections. Women in obesity class II and III had an increased risk for endometritis after normal vaginal delivery aOR 1.45 (95% CI: 1.29-1.63) and for wound infections after cesarean section aOR 3.83 (95% CI: 3.39-4.32). There was no difference in how maternal BMI affected the association between cesarean section and wound infection, regardless of whether it was planned or emergent. Women in obesity class II and III had a lower risk of breast abscess compared with normal-weight women, aOR 0.47 (95% CI: 0.38-0.58). The risk of endometritis after labor induction decreased with increasing maternal BMI. The risk of wound infection among women with an obstetrical sphincter injury decreased with increasing BMI. CONCLUSION This study provides new knowledge about the impact of maternal BMI on the risk of postpartum infections after different modes of delivery. There was no difference in how BMI affected the association between cesarean section and wound infections, regardless of whether it was a planned cesarean section or an emergency cesarean section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Axelsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Brynhildsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marie Blomberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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2
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Crimmins MR, Hand M, Samuel H, Bellando J, Sims CR, Andres A, Sobik S. The Impact of Excessive Weight on Breastfeeding Intention, Initiation, and Duration. Breastfeed Med 2023; 18:688-695. [PMID: 37729033 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2023.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Background: Breastfeeding is widely recognized as the optimal feeding method for infants. However, breastfeeding goals are often unmet, especially in mothers with excessive weight. Potential factors associated with unmet goals could be disparities in care for women with higher body mass index (BMI) or mental health symptomology. Methods: Women enrolled in a longitudinal study were stratified by BMI into three groups: mothers with normal weight (18.5-24.9 kg/m2, n = 101), with overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2, n = 78), and with obesity (OB; 30-35 kg/m2, n = 48). Breastfeeding intention and standardized mental health questionnaires were administered at gestational weeks 12 and 36. The prevalence of initiation and duration of breastfeeding were determined based on self-reported breastfeeding start and end dates. Wilcoxon tests, pairwise proportion test, Cox proportional hazards regression, and linear regression were used. Results: Higher maternal weight status (OB) was significantly associated with lower breastfeeding intention and duration. As expected, higher breastfeeding intention scores were associated with significantly longer breastfeeding duration. Higher scores on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), associated with a greater number of depression symptoms, mediated the negative impact of weight status on breastfeeding intention. Conclusions: breastfeeding outcomes are negatively associated with maternal weight status and prenatal mental health with the relationship between the two being interconnected, despite subclinical scores on the BDI. Further research is needed to explore the role of mental health on breastfeeding outcomes. From these findings, targeted prenatal interventions for women with excessive weight and depressive symptoms would likely promote and improve breastfeeding outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov: www.clinicaltrials.gov, ID #NCT01131117.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan R Crimmins
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Graduate Program for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Megan Hand
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hallie Samuel
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jayne Bellando
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Clark R Sims
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Sarah Sobik
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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3
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Mantzorou M, Papandreou D, Pavlidou E, Papadopoulou SK, Tolia M, Mentzelou M, Poutsidi A, Antasouras G, Vasios GK, Giaginis C. Maternal Gestational Diabetes Is Associated with High Risk of Childhood Overweight and Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study in Pre-School Children Aged 2–5 Years. Medicina (B Aires) 2023; 59:medicina59030455. [PMID: 36984456 PMCID: PMC10051905 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Childhood obesity is a global public health concern with long-term and serious health implications. An important factor for childhood obesity is maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), which in turn impacts maternal and offspring long-term health. This study aimed to investigate the associations between maternal GDM and childhood weight status and multiple anthropometric and sociodemographic factors and perinatal outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 5348 children aged 2–5 years old and their paired mothers took part in the study. Questionnaires were utilized to evaluate the sociodemographic factors and perinatal outcomes as well as smoking habits, educational level, economic status, age, and parity status. Children’s anthropometric parameters were measured, and maternal medical history, preterm birth records, and anthropometric measures during pregnancy were retrieved by their medical records. Results: Overall, 16.4% of the children aged at 2–5 years were overweight, and 8.2% of them were affected by obesity, leading to a total 24.6% of children with overweight/obesity. Further, 5.5% of the enrolled mothers were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. GDM doubles the probability of childhood overweight/obesity at ages 2–5 years old independently of multiple confounding factors. Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity, older maternal age, and smoking are risk factors for GDM, while GDM additionally increases the risk of preterm birth. Children of mothers that developed GDM were at greater risk of overweight or obesity, with the association between GDM and offspring’s weight status being independent of confounding factors. Conclusions: GDM is a severe public health issue with prolonged complications for both the mother and their children. Public health approaches and programs need to promote the negative role of pre-pregnancy weight and smoking status as well as the significance of a good glycemic control throughout gestation in women of childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Khalifa B City, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.G.)
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Sousana K. Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Tolia
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Antigoni Poutsidi
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Thessaly, 41100 Larissa, Greece
| | - Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Georgios K. Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
- Correspondence: (D.P.); (C.G.)
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O'Reilly SL, Conway MC, O'Brien EC, Molloy E, Walker H, O'Carroll E, McAuliffe FM. Exploring Successful Breastfeeding Behaviors Among Women Who Have High Body Mass Indices. J Hum Lact 2023; 39:82-92. [PMID: 35708019 PMCID: PMC9929695 DOI: 10.1177/08903344221102839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women with high body mass indices are at risk of lower breastfeeding rates but the drivers of successful breastfeeding in this population are unclear. RESEARCH AIM We aimed to (a) explore the barriers and enablers to breastfeeding among women with high body mass indices and (b) map specific behaviors suitable for intervention across the antenatal to postpartum periods. METHODS This was a prospective, cross-sectional qualitative study. We conducted semi-structured interviews with women with high body mass indices who successfully breastfed for 6 months or more (n =20), partners (n = 22), and healthcare professionals (n =19) in Ireland during 2018. Interviews were audio recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data were inductively coded using reflexive thematic analysis and deductively mapped within the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior model. RESULTS The three themes developed were knowledge, support, and self-efficacy. Knowledge supported a participant's psychological and physical capability to engage in breastfeeding. Support was related to the social and physical opportunity to enable performance of breastfeeding behaviors. Self-efficacy influenced reflective and automatic motivation to perform breastfeeding behaviors. A multifactorial intervention design is needed to support successful breastfeeding. CONCLUSION The barriers and enablers identified for participants with high body mass indices were similar to those for the broader population; however, the physicality and associated social bias of high body mass indices mean that additional support is warranted. Antenatal and postpartum breastfeeding services need a multifaceted, inclusive, and high-quality program to provide the necessary support to women with higher body mass indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharleen L O'Reilly
- University College Dublin Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marie C Conway
- University College Dublin Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen C O'Brien
- University College Dublin Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eva Molloy
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Hannah Walker
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eimear O'Carroll
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M McAuliffe
- University College Dublin Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Cordero L, Stenger MR, Landon MB, Needleman BJ, Noria S, Nankervis CA. Breastfeeding following bariatric surgery among obese women with and without diabetes mellitus. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2023; 16:475-483. [PMID: 37718858 DOI: 10.3233/npm-221085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on exclusive breastfeeding (BF) and BF initiation following bariatric surgery (BS) among obese women with diabetes mellitus (DM) and without DM (non-DM) is limited. METHODS Retrospective cohort study. Obesity was defined by BMI (kg/m2) as grade 1 (30-34.9), grade 2 (35-39.9) or grade 3 (≥40). The 65 women in the DM group (40 women with gestational, 19 with Type 2 and 6 with Type 1) was similar to 84 with non-DM in BS type: Roux-en-Y (51 vs 55%), sleeve gastrectomy (32 vs 35%), laparoscopic gastric banding (17 vs 7%) and gastro-duodenal anastomosis (0 vs 4%). RESULTS Women with DM were older (35 vs 33y), of advanced age (54 vs 27%), with higher prevalence of grade 3 obesity (66 vs 46%), chronic hypertension (31 vs 10%), delivery of late-preterm infants (23 vs 10%) and neonatal hypoglycemia (25 vs 12%). Although infant feeding intention was similar: BF (66 vs 79%), partial BF (9 vs 7%) or formula (25 vs 14%), at discharge women with DM had lower exclusive BF (29 vs 41%) and BF initiation rates (68 vs 76%) than those with non-DM. Women with grade 3 obesity (52% were DM) differed from those with grades 1-2 (34% were DM) in exclusive BF (27 vs 52%), and BF initiation rates (66 vs 86%). CONCLUSION After BS, women with DM, especially those with grade 3 obesity, had higher rates of chronic hypertension and preeclampsia and lower rates of exclusive BF and BF initiation than those who had DM but had less severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M R Stenger
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M B Landon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - B J Needleman
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S Noria
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C A Nankervis
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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6
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Cordero L, Stenger MR, Landon MB, Nankervis CA. Impact of excessive gestational weight gain on exclusive breastfeeding among women with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes and obesity. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277599. [PMID: 36395288 PMCID: PMC9682946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregestational diabetes, obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, however, the influence of excessive GWG on lactation at discharge is less known. Our aim is to evaluate the impact of excessive GWG using the LifeCycle project guidelines on exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) and any BF rates at discharge among 171 women with Type 1 and 294 Type 2 diabetes and obesity who intended to BF. METHODS AND FINDINGS Retrospective cohort study. Obesity was defined by BMI (kg/m2) as grade 1 (30-34.9), grade 2 (35-39.9) or grade 3 (≥40). GWG was categorized as adequate, inadequate or excessive according to the 2019 LifeCycle Project guidelines. Women with Type 1 were younger (30 vs 33y), primiparous (51 vs 32%), delivered earlier (37 vs 38w) than women with Type 2 andwere different in grade 1 (40 vs 26%), grade 3 obesity (19 vs 49%) and median GWG (15 vs 11kg). Of all 465 women with Type 1 and Type 2 combined, 365 (78%) who had excessive GWG and 100 (22%) who had non-excessive GWG showed similar EBF (27 vs 25%) and any BF (72 vs 72%) rates. Regression analysis showed that after adjusting for potential confounders excessive GWG was not a predictor of EBF or any BF at discharge. CONCLUSION Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, obesity and excessive GWG are associated with low EBF, however, excessive GWG is not an independent predictor of low EBF or any BF at discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael R. Stenger
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Mark B. Landon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Ohio
State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of
America
| | - Craig A. Nankervis
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University
Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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Mantzorou M, Papandreou D, Vasios GK, Pavlidou E, Antasouras G, Psara E, Taha Z, Poulios E, Giaginis C. Exclusive Breastfeeding for at Least Four Months Is Associated with a Lower Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Mothers and Their Children after 2-5 Years from Delivery. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173599. [PMID: 36079855 PMCID: PMC9459704 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity is a current public health concern. Higher body weight is influenced by genetic and environmental parameters, and their interplay and is associated with a greater risk for several chronic diseases. Breastfeeding has been suggested as a preventive measure against obesity, which can further reduce long-term negative health outcomes for both women and children. Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of breastfeeding on maternal and childhood overweight and obesity. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on 2515 healthy mothers and their children, aged 2−5 years, enrolled from nine different Greek rural and urban regions. Validated, standardized questionnaires were administrated that included anthropometric indices, socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and children, as well as breastfeeding practices. Results: Overall, 68% of participated women exclusively breastfed their children for at least 4 months. Mothers that exclusively breastfed showed a significantly lower prevalence of overweight and obesity after 2−5 years from delivery (p < 0.0001). Children that had exclusively been breastfed showed a significantly lower prevalence of overweight and obesity at the age of 2−5 years (p < 0.0001). Using multivariate regression analysis, exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months was associated with a two-fold lower risk for maternal and childhood overweight and obesity after 2−5 years from delivery, independent from maternal age, educational and economic status, and smoking habits (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months had a positive effect on childhood overweight and obesity, also contributing beneficially to post-natal maternal weight control. The beneficial effects of breastfeeding should be communicated to future and new mothers, while supportive actions for all mothers to initiate and continue breastfeeding their offspring should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mantzorou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence:
| | - Georgios K. Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Eleni Pavlidou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Georgios Antasouras
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Evmorfia Psara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Zainab Taha
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Efthymios Poulios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of the Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
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Ren X, Jin J, Chen Y, Jin J. Research on the Effect of Nursing Methods for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Based on Comprehensive Nursing Intervention. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2396658. [PMID: 35872957 PMCID: PMC9303124 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2396658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to explore the effective way of gestational diabetes care, this paper applies comprehensive nursing to gestational diabetes care. In terms of nursing intervention for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus, combining the phased changes of pregnant women's physiological and psychological needs during pregnancy, this paper comprehensively implements health education, diet intervention, exercise intervention, pregnancy monitoring, psychological intervention, infection prevention, and perinatal monitoring and other nursing interventions in a selective and focused manner. This makes the intervention measures at each stage focused, intersecting, interpenetrating, and continuing to play a role, which can effectively improve the implementation effect of the intervention measures and better promote the effective improvement of pregnancy outcomes. In addition, this paper studies the effect of gestational diabetes care based on comprehensive nursing intervention through a controlled trial, and the study verifies that comprehensive nursing has a good effect in gestational diabetes care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqiong Ren
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Jianing Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Yaer Chen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
| | - Jing Jin
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China
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9
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Darling AJ, Gatta LA, Tucker A, Adkins LD, Mitchell C, Reiff E, Dotters-Katz S. Gestational weight gain and patterns of breastfeeding among patients with class III obesity. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2022; 35:9851-9856. [PMID: 35382671 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2060734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal obesity is associated with delayed lactogenesis and shorter duration of breastfeeding compared to patients with a normal BMI. RESEARCH AIM/QUESTION We investigated the impact of excessive gestational weight gain, defined as greater than the Institute of Medicine guidelines (>9.1 kg), on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding in patients with class III obesity. METHODS Retrospective cohort of patients with body mass index ≥40 in first trimester, delivering a singleton term infant at a tertiary care center between July 2013 and December 2017. Primary outcome was exclusive breastfeeding at discharge and at postpartum visit. Secondary outcomes included any breastfeeding at discharge and postpartum visit, and cessation of breastfeeding by the postpartum visit. Descriptive statistics were used to compare those whose gestational weight gain exceeded (eIOM) versus met (mIOM) Institute of Medicine guidelines. Regression models were performed to adjust for baseline confounding factors. RESULTS Of 294 women included, 117(39.8%) were in the eIOM group. These women were more likely to be primigravida, have a higher delivery BMI, greater delivery blood loss, and have a neonate admitted to the intensive care unit. Exclusive breastfeeding at discharge was not different between eIOM and mIOM (66.7% vs 70.9%, p = .44), nor did eIOM impact likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding at postpartum visit (40.1% vs 34.2%, p = .31). When controlling for confounding factors, breastfeeding at discharge (aOR 1.54 95% CI [0.68-3.49]) or postpartum visit (aOR 0.67[0.31-1.47]) did not differ between eIOM compared to mIOM. CONCLUSIONS Among women with class III obesity, excessive gestational weight gain did not impact the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at discharge or postpartum visit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice J Darling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luke A Gatta
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ann Tucker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - LaMani D Adkins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Courtney Mitchell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Emily Reiff
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Cordero L, Stenger MR, Landon MB, Nankervis CA. Exclusive breastfeeding among women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2022; 22:69. [PMID: 35086505 PMCID: PMC8793179 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-022-04411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare exclusive breastfeeding (BF) and BF initiation among 185 women with Type 1 and 212 women with Type 2 pregestational diabetes who intended exclusive or partial BF and delivered at ≥34 weeks of gestation. Methods Retrospective cohort study. At discharge, exclusive BF is direct BF or BF complemented with expressed breast milk. BF initiation is defined by exclusive or partial BF. Results Type 1 and Type 2 groups were similar in prior BF experience (69 vs 67%) but were different in intention to BF exclusively (92 vs 78%) and partially (8 vs 22%). Women in the Type 1 group were younger (median age 30 vs 33y), likely to be primiparous (47 vs 25%), have a lower median BMI (32 vs 36 kg/m2) and deliver by primary cesarean (37 vs 26%). Infants born to Type 1 women were more likely to be admitted to the NICU (44 vs 18%) and to have hypoglycemia (59 vs 41%). At discharge, exclusive BF among Type 1 was higher (34 vs 23%), partial BF was similar (47 vs 46%) while FF (formula feeding) was lower (19 vs 31%) than in the Type 2 group. BF initiation occurred in 81% of Type 1 and 69% of Type 2 women. Conclusion Intention to BF exclusively was higher in Type 1 women compared to Type 2. At discharge, exclusive BF and BF initiation were lower and FF higher in the Type 2 group highlighting the need for different strategies if lactation in this special population is to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, N118 Doan Hall, 410 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210-1228, USA.
| | - Michael R Stenger
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, N118 Doan Hall, 410 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210-1228, USA
| | - Mark B Landon
- Department of Obstetrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, N118 Doan Hall, 410 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210-1228, USA
| | - Craig A Nankervis
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, N118 Doan Hall, 410 W. 10th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210-1228, USA
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11
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Cordero L, Stenger MR, Landon MB, Nankervis CA. Breastfeeding initiation among women with chronic hypertension superimposed on pregestational diabetes mellitus. J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2022; 15:171-177. [PMID: 34397424 DOI: 10.3233/npm-210738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare breastfeeding (BF) initiation among 317 women with chronic hypertension (CHTN) and 106 women with CHTN superimposed on pregestational diabetes (CHTN-DM) who intended exclusive or partial BF. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of women who delivered at≥34 weeks of gestation. At discharge, exclusive BF was defined by direct BF or BF complemented with expressed breast milk (EBM) while partial BF was defined by formula supplementation. RESULTS CHTN and CHTN-DM groups were similar in prior BF experience (42 vs 52%), intention to BF exclusively (89 vs 79%) and intention to partially BF (11 vs 21%). Women in the CHTN group were younger (31 vs 33y), more likely primiparous (44 vs 27%), and delivered vaginally (59 vs 36%) at term (85 vs 75%). Women in the CHTN-DM group had higher repeat cesarean rates (32 vs 18%), preterm birth (25 vs 15%), neonatal hypoglycemia (42 vs 14%) and NICU admission (38 vs 16%). At discharge, exclusive BF rates among CHTN was higher (48 vs 19%), while rates of partial BF (34 vs 44%) and FF (18 vs 37%) were lower than in the CHTN-DM group. BF initiation (exclusive plus partial BF) occurred in 82%of CHTN and in 63% of CHTN-DM. CONCLUSION Although intention to BF was similar, BF initiation rates were higher for the CHTN compared to the CHTN-DM group. Exclusive BF was low in the CHTN and even lower in the CHTN-DM group signaling the need for targeted interventions if BF initiation rates are to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cordero
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M R Stenger
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M B Landon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - C A Nankervis
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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12
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Perez MR, de Castro LS, Chang YS, Sañudo A, Marcacine KO, Amir LH, Ross MG, Coca KP. Breastfeeding Practices and Problems Among Obese Women Compared with Nonobese Women in a Brazilian Hospital. WOMEN'S HEALTH REPORTS (NEW ROCHELLE, N.Y.) 2021; 2:219-226. [PMID: 34235509 PMCID: PMC8243705 DOI: 10.1089/whr.2021.0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Women who are obese have lower rates of breastfeeding initiation and duration and are less likely to breastfeed exclusively compared with women who are not obese. To develop programs to improve breastfeeding practices among this group of women, we investigated the association between maternal obesity and breastfeeding practices and problems in the first days postpartum. Methods: We analyzed medical records from postpartum women at a rooming-in maternity ward in State of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2016 and 2018. We included those who had intended to exclusively breastfeed, had given birth to a singleton and were admitted to rooming-in. We analyzed exclusive breastfeeding and nonexclusive breastfeeding each day of hospitalization and the presence of breastfeeding problems, comparing women in the obese category (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) to normal and overweight women (≥18.6 to ≤29.9 kg/m2). Results: Two hundred and twenty-four postpartum women participated, including 86 women in the obese category. More than 50% of women with obesity reported a breastfeeding problem in the first and second postpartum days (p = 0.026 and p = 0.017, respectively) compared with the 41% and 38% nonobese group. Children of obese women were 2.8 times more likely to have poor latch during breastfeeding (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-6.10) compared with the nonobese group on the third day. Conclusion: Maternal obesity increased the probability of breastfeeding difficulties and nonexclusive breastfeeding at discharge. Professionals need to support breastfeeding techniques in the days immediate after delivery to improve breastfeeding outcomes for mothers with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rico Perez
- Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucíola Sant'Anna de Castro
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yan-Shing Chang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana Sañudo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lisa H Amir
- Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Victoria, Australia
- Breastfeeding Service, Royal Women's Hospital, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael G. Ross
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kelly Pereira Coca
- Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Colleluori G, Perugini J, Barbatelli G, Cinti S. Mammary gland adipocytes in lactation cycle, obesity and breast cancer. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:241-255. [PMID: 33751362 PMCID: PMC8087566 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland (MG) is an exocrine gland present in female mammals responsible for the production and secretion of milk during the process of lactation. It is mainly composed by epithelial cells and adipocytes. Among the features that make the MG unique there are 1) its highly plastic properties displayed during pregnancy, lactation and involution (all steps belonging to the lactation cycle) and 2) its requirement to grow in close association with adipocytes which are absolutely necessary to ensure MG's proper development at puberty and remodeling during the lactation cycle. Although MG adipocytes play such a critical role for the gland development, most of the studies have focused on its epithelial component only, leaving the role of the neighboring adipocytes largely unexplored. In this review we aim to describe evidences regarding MG's adipocytes role and properties in physiologic conditions (gland development and lactation cycle), obesity and breast cancer, emphasizing the existing gaps in the literature which deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giorgio Barbatelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University, Via Tronto, 10A 60020, Ancona, Italy.
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14
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Hashemi-Nazari SS, Hasani J, Izadi N, Najafi F, Rahmani J, Naseri P, Rajabi A, Clark C. The effect of pre-pregnancy body mass index on breastfeeding initiation, intention and duration: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05622. [PMID: 33319092 PMCID: PMC7725724 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity not only are major risk factors for number of chronic diseases, but also a risk factor for pregnancy complications in women. The present study aims to investigate the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and the persistence and duration of BF. The electronic databases including Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched for papers with titles and/or abstracts including one of our keywords and published up to 15 April 2019. For dose-response relationship, the two-stage random-effects meta-analysis was performed using the “dosresmeta” function in R software. Thirty-two studies with the effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on BF initiation, intention and duration were included in the present study. Based on crude and adjusted OR models, the risk of BF cessation increased by 4% (OR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.05) with an increase in a unit of BMI. In addition, based on crude and adjusted RR models, the risk of BF cessation increases by 2% and 1% (crude RR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01–1.03 and adjusted RR = 1.01; 95% CI: 0.99–1.02) with an increase in one unit of BMI. Based on the result, the health care professionals and other key stakeholders should be aware of the impact excess weight, and that women who are overweight or obese should be encouraged with continued access to guidance, counseling and support, starting from conception, to maximize BF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Saeed Hashemi-Nazari
- Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Hasani
- Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
| | - Neda Izadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Department of Epidemiology, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Jamal Rahmani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Naseri
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhalim Rajabi
- Environmental Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Cain Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
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15
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Nomura K, Minamizono S, Nagashima K, Ono M, Kitano N. Maternal Body Mass Index and Breastfeeding Non-Initiation and Cessation: A Quantitative Review of the Literature. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092684. [PMID: 32887461 PMCID: PMC7551008 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate which maternal body mass index (BMI) categories are associated with the non-initiation or cessation of breastfeeding (BF) based on a quantitative review of the literature. We searched Ovid MEDLINE and EBSCO CINAHL for peer-reviewed articles published between 1946 (MEDLINE) or 1981 (CINAHL), and 2019. Selected studies were either cross-sectional or cohort studies, of healthy mothers and infants, that reported nutrition method (exclusive/full or any) and period (initiation/duration/cessation) of breastfeeding according to maternal BMI levels. Pairwise meta-analyses of 57 studies demonstrated that the pooled odds risks (OR) of not initiating BF among overweight and obese mothers compared to normal weight mothers were significant across 29 (OR 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–1.54, I2 = 98%) and 26 studies (OR 1.61, 95% CI, 1.33–1.95, I2 = 99%), respectively; the pooled risks for BF cessation were inconsistent in overweight and obese mothers with substantial heterogeneity. However, we found that overweight mothers (n = 10, hazard ratio (HR) 1.16, 95% CI, 1.07–1.25; I2 = 23%) and obese mothers (n = 7, HR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.27–1.65; I2 = 44%) were both associated with an increased risk of not continuing any BF and exclusive BF, respectively. Overweight and obese mothers may be at increased risk of not initiating or the cessation of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Nomura
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-018-884-6087
| | - Sachiko Minamizono
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Public Health, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Akita 010-8543, Japan;
| | - Kengo Nagashima
- Research Center for Medical and Health Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Tokyo 190-8562, Japan;
| | - Mariko Ono
- Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan;
| | - Naomi Kitano
- Research Center for Community Medicine and Department of Public Health, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan;
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16
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Mangel L, Mimouni FB, Mandel D, Mordechaev N, Marom R. Breastfeeding Difficulties, Breastfeeding Duration, Maternal Body Mass Index, and Breast Anatomy: Are They Related? Breastfeed Med 2019; 14:342-346. [PMID: 31033337 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2018.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: We examined the influence of maternal body mass index (BMI), and of breast and nipple anatomic variations, on breastfeeding difficulties and duration. Methods: In this prospective observational study, we collected demographic and anthropometric data from 109 mothers of full-term newborns. Women were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese using the World Health Organization definitions and were otherwise healthy. Breast anthropometrics assessments were recorded after delivery and during hospitalization. Latching difficulties were collected as reported by the mothers. Breastfeeding duration was assessed by phone interview at 3, 6, 1 year, or more postdelivery. Results: The four prepregnancy BMI groups included 12 underweight, 59 normal weight, 20 overweight, and 18 obese women. The higher the BMI group, the larger the breast was (p = 0.005). In univariate regression, nipple diameter, nipple length, and areola diameter correlated significantly with breast size. The overall rate of latching difficulties was 15.5%, without significant differences among all four BMI groups. In multivariate analysis, the higher the BMI group the lower was the likelihood of breastfeeding at 6 months of age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.79-0.99), and the higher the birth order the higher was the likelihood of breastfeeding at 6 months of age (OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.44-7.83). Early latching difficulties predicted shorter breastfeeding duration. Conclusion: We conclude that high prepregnancy BMI has a negative impact on breastfeeding initiation and duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Mangel
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, the Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Francis B Mimouni
- 2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel.,3 Neonatal Department, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Mandel
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, the Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel.,2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nina Mordechaev
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, the Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ronella Marom
- 1 Department of Neonatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, the Lis Maternity Hospital, Tel Aviv, Israel.,2 Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
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17
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Zimmerman E, Rodgers RF, O'Flynn J, Bourdeau A. Weight-Related Concerns as Barriers to Exclusive Breastfeeding at 6 Months. J Hum Lact 2019; 35:284-291. [PMID: 30231215 DOI: 10.1177/0890334418797312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human milk is considered the gold standard for infant nutrition, but more data are needed that examine the constellation of weight-related concerns as barriers to exclusive breastfeeding. RESEARCH AIMS The aim of this study was to examine how mothers' concerns regarding their own and their infants' weight, as well as disordered eating behaviors, were associated with breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months. METHODS A prospective, quantitative, and self-report online survey design was used. Participants included 206 women (88.30% White, 59.20% with graduate degrees), with a mean age of 33.04 years ( SD = 4.31 years) and a mean prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) of 24.80 kg/m2 ( SD = 5.50 kg/m2), who had given birth within the past 6 months. RESULTS Participants who reported not exclusively breastfeeding at 6 months had significantly higher prepregnancy BMI ( p < .001), higher body dissatisfaction ( p = .003), more disordered eating ( p = .036), higher child weight concerns ( p < .001), and lower breastfeeding self-efficacy ( p < .001). Mediation modeling revealed a direct negative relationship between prepregnancy BMI and exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months ( p < .001). Indirect negative relationships between prepregnancy BMI and exclusive breastfeeding at six months via (a) body dissatisfaction, (b) disordered eating, and (c) child weight concern, as well as breastfeeding self-efficacy (entered as concurrent mediators), were all significant. CONCLUSIONS Mothers' weight, body image and eating concerns, concern regarding their children's weight, and breastfeeding self-efficacy may constitute critical barriers to exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months. Interventions to improve breastfeeding duration and confidence should target maternal body image and eating concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- 1 Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.,2 Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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18
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Abstract
Pregnancy in women with obesity is an important public health problem with short- and long-term implications for maternal and child health. Obesity complicates almost all aspects of pregnancy. Given the growing prevalence of obesity in women, obstetric providers need to understand the risks associated with obesity in pregnancy and the unique aspects of management for women with obesity. Empathic and patient-centered care, along with knowledge, can optimize outcomes for women and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara D Dolin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University Langone Health, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Michelle A Kominiarek
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, 250 East Superior Street Suite 05-2175, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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