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Chen YF, Wu HC, Chang JM, Ko HH, Lin CH, Chang HS. Chemical investigations and cytotoxic effects of metabolites from Antrodia camphorata against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:560-570. [PMID: 35583297 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2076676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata is used as a medicinal fungus in Taiwan to treat fatigue, food intoxication, and enhance liver function. Here we identified fermented metabolic components from the mycelium of A. camphorata KH37 and explored their anti-hepatoma potentials with study models of human hepatoblastoma cell lines. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the solid fermentation powder of A. camphorata KH37 led to the isolation of one new quinonol, antroquinonol Z (1), and nine known compounds (2-10). Treatment with 10 μM antrocamols LT1 (2) or LT3 (3) reduced cell viability of HepG2 and Huh-7 cells to about 60% in 48 hours. Antroquinonol Z (1) exhibited mild cytotoxicity against Huh-7 cells in 48 and 72 hours. Interestingly, two fractions showed cytotoxicity in HepG2 and Huh-7 cells, even better than compounds isolated from these fractions. The significant cytotoxicity of partially purified samples from A. camphorata KH37 exhibited a potential for developing alternative or complementary therapeutics against hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yih-Fung Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Cheng Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Min Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hung Lin
- Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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2
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Jia S, Li J, Li J, Su X, Li XN, Yao Y, Xue Y. Anti-neuroinflammatory Activity of New Naturally Occurring Benzylated Hydroxyacetophenone Analogs from the Endophytic Fungus Alternaria sp. J030. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200751. [PMID: 36082622 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Chemical studies on the culture broth of the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. J030 led to the identification of three benzylated hydroxyacetophenone derivatives, bauvaroalterins A-C (1-3), and 34 structurally diverse metabolites (4-37). The new structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses including UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and further confirmed using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The in vitro anti-neuroinflammatory effects of the co-isolated metabolites were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglial cells. Compounds 1-3 were shown to significantly reduce LPS-induced NO production by inhibiting the expression of iNOS, as well as inhibiting LPS-induced production of the inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Further studies revealed that 1-3 were capable of down-regulating the expression of NF-κB subunits p50 and p65, thereby suppressing the activation of NF-κB by inhibiting the LPS-induced phosphorylation of IκB-α. Together these findings demonstrate that bauvaroalterins A-C (1-3) exert anti-neuroinflammatory effects via inhibition of the NF-κB/iNOS signalling pathway in LPS induced BV-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Jia
- Sun Yat-sen University - Shenzhen Campus, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, 518107, Shenzhen, CHINA
| | - Juan Li
- Ningxia Medical University, School of Pharmacy, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, CHINA
| | - Jia Li
- Ningxia Medical University, School of Pharmacy, No.1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, CHINA
| | - Xiangdong Su
- Sun Yat-sen University - Shenzhen Campus, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), No. 66 Gongchang Road, Shenzhen, CHINA
| | - Xiao-Nian Li
- Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, No. 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, CHINA
| | - Yao Yao
- Ningxia Medical University, School of Basic Medical Sciences, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, CHINA
| | - Yongbo Xue
- Sun Yat-sen University - Shenzhen Campus, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), No. 66 Gongchang Road, Guangming District, 518107, Shenzhen, CHINA
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3
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Gu C, Zhang Q, Li Y, Li R, Feng J, Chen W, Ahmed W, Soufiany I, Huang S, Long J, Chen L. The PI3K/AKT Pathway-The Potential Key Mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Stroke. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:900809. [PMID: 35712089 PMCID: PMC9194604 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.900809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is associated with a high disability and fatality rate, and adversely affects the quality of life of patients and their families. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been used effectively in the treatment of stroke for more than 2000 years in China and surrounding countries and regions, and over the years, this field has gleaned extensive clinical treatment experience. The Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway is important for regulation of cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, and plays a vital role in vascularization and oxidative stress in stroke. Current Western medicine treatment protocols for stroke include mainly pharmacologic or mechanical thrombectomy to restore blood flow. This review collates recent advances in the past 5 years in the TCM treatment of stroke involving the PI3K/AKT pathway. TCM treatment significantly reduces neuronal damage, inhibits cell apoptosis, and delays progression of stroke via various PI3K/AKT-mediated downstream pathways. In the future, TCM can provide new perspectives and directions for exploring the key factors, and effective activators or inhibitors that affect occurrence and progression of stroke, thereby facilitating treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiankun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yajing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanghao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai 9th People Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Waqas Ahmed
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Shiying Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Long
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lukui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Tsay HJ, Liu HK, Kuo YH, Chiu CS, Liang CC, Chung CW, Chen CC, Chen YP, Shiao YJ. EK100 and Antrodin C Improve Brain Amyloid Pathology in APP/PS1 Transgenic Mice by Promoting Microglial and Perivascular Clearance Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910413. [PMID: 34638752 PMCID: PMC8508921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the deposition of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ). There are currently no drugs that can successfully treat this disease. This study first explored the anti-inflammatory activity of seven components isolated from Antrodia cinnamonmea in BV2 cells and selected EK100 and antrodin C for in vivo research. APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were treated with EK100 and antrodin C for one month to evaluate the effect of these reagents on AD-like pathology by nesting behavior, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting. Ergosterol and ibuprofen were used as control. EK100 and antrodin C improved the nesting behavior of mice, reduced the number and burden of amyloid plaques, reduced the activation of glial cells, and promoted the perivascular deposition of Aβ in the brain of mice. EK100 and antrodin C are significantly different in activating astrocytes, regulating microglia morphology, and promoting plaque-associated microglia to express oxidative enzymes. In contrast, the effects of ibuprofen and ergosterol are relatively small. In addition, EK100 significantly improved hippocampal neurogenesis in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Our data indicate that EK100 and antrodin C reduce the pathology of AD by reducing amyloid deposits and promoting nesting behavior in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice through microglia and perivascular clearance, indicating that EK100 and antrodin C have the potential to be used in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jen Tsay
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Kang Liu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Sheng Chiu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Chiang Liang
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chen-Wei Chung
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Chin-Chu Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-P.C.)
| | - Yen-Po Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Grape King Bio Ltd., Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan; (C.-C.C.); (Y.-P.C.)
| | - Young-Ji Shiao
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Program in Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Science, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-28201999 (ext. 4171)
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Chao TY, Hsieh CC, Hsu SM, Wan CH, Lian GT, Tseng YH, Kuo YH, Hsieh SC. Ergostatrien-3β-ol (EK100) from Antrodia camphorata Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Liver Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:58-66. [PMID: 33859960 PMCID: PMC8027041 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.1.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a complication that occurs during liver surgery, whereby hepatic tissue is injured by oxygen deficiency during ischemia, then further damaged by a cascade of inflammatory and oxidative insults when blood is resupplied during reperfusion. Antrodia camphorata is an indigenous fungus in Taiwan and an esteemed Chinese herbal medicine with various bioactivities. This study examined the effect of ergostatrien-3β-ol (EK100), an active compound found in both the fruiting body and mycelia of A. camphorata, on IR injury pathologies in rats and cell models of oxidative and inflammatory stress. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to receive a vehicle or 5 mg/kg EK100 prior to hepatic IR injury induced by 1 h ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion, or a sham operation. RAW 264.7 murine macrophages and HepG2 hepatocytes were pretreated with EK100, then inflammation was induced with lipopolysaccharides in the former and oxidative stress was induced with hydrogen peroxide in the latter. EK100 decreased IR-induced elevation in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase and lowered levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β. In addition, EK100 significantly reduced hepatic mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2, as well as nitrite production and iNOS gene expression in both hepatocyte and macrophage cell lines. We demonstrated that EK100 exhibits potent protec-tion against hepatic IR injury, which may be used to design strategies to ameliorate liver damage during liver surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chu Hsieh
- Biologics Division, Animal Health Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan, New Taipei 251, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Hsu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan.,Metal Industries Research and Development Centre, Kaohsiung 811, Taiwan
| | - Cho-Hua Wan
- Department and Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Ting Lian
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Han Tseng
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Hsieh
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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6
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Wang YH, Chern CM, Liou KT, Kuo YH, Shen YC. Ergostatrien-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol from Antrodia camphorata ameliorates ischemic stroke brain injury via downregulation of p65NF-κ-B and caspase 3, and activation of Akt/GSK3/catenin-associated neurogenesis. Food Funct 2019; 10:4725-4738. [PMID: 31304955 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00908f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata is a well-known traditional Chinese mushroom used as a functional food and nutraceutical in Taiwan and China. The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects and mechanism(s) of the ethyl acetate crude extract of A. camphorata (EtOAc-AC) and its active constituent ergostatrien-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (EK100) in an acute ischemic stroke (AIS) murine model. Treating mice with induced AIS injury by using EtOAc-AC (0.3-0.6 g kg-1, p.o.) and EK100 (60 and 120 mg kg-1, p.o.) 2 h after AIS induction significantly increased the tracking distance and reduced brain infarction. Both EtOAc-AC and EK-100 reduced the expression levels of p65NF-κB and caspase 3 near the peri-infarct cortex and promoted the expression of neurogenesis-associated protein doublecortin (DCX) near the hippocampus, accompanied by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibition and β-catenin upregulation. Signaling pathway analysis revealed that the advantageous effects of EtOAc-AC and EK-100 involved triggering the activation of PI3K/Akt and inhibition of GSK-3. Our findings suggest that EtOAc-AC and its active constituent EK100 display anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Both EtOAc-AC and EK100 reduce ischemic brain injury by decreasing p65NF-κB and caspase 3 expression, and they promote neurogenesis (DCX) and neuroprotection (Bcl2) by activating the PI3k/Akt-associated GSK3 inhibition and β-catenin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Hwey Wang
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
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7
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The Effects of Ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol from Antrodia camphorata on the Biochemical Profile and Exercise Performance of Mice. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071225. [PMID: 30925792 PMCID: PMC6480148 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata (AC) is a rare and unique mushroom that is difficult to cultivate. Previous studies have demonstrated the bioactivity of the compound Ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (EK100) from AC in submerged culture. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential beneficial effects of EK100 on fatigue and ergogenic functions following physiological challenge. Male ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 8 per group) and orally administered EK100 for six weeks at 0 (Vehicle), 10 (EK100-1X), and 20 (EK100-2X) mg/kg/day. The six-week Ek100 supplementation significantly increased grip strength (p = 0.0051) in trend analysis. Anti-fatigue activity was evaluated using 15-min. acute exercise testing and measuring the levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) after a 15-min. swimming exercise. Our results indicate that AC supplementation leads to a dose-dependent decrease in serum lactate, ammonia, BUN, and CK activity after exercise and significantly increases serum glucose and glycogen content in liver tissues. Biochemical and histopathological data demonstrated that long term daily administration of EK100 for over six weeks (subacute toxicity) was safe. EK100’s anti-fatigue properties appear to be through the preservation of energy storage, increasing blood glucose and liver glycogen content, and decreasing the serum levels of lactate, ammonia, BUN, and CK. EK100 could potentially be used to improve exercise physiological adaptation, promote health, and as a potential ergogenic aid in combination with different nutrient strategies.
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8
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Wang YJ, Lee SC, Hsu CH, Kuo YH, Yang CC, Lin FJ. Antcins, triterpenoids from Antrodia cinnamomea, as new agonists for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:295-304. [PMID: 30648583 PMCID: PMC9298643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a nuclear hormone receptor that transcriptionally regulates lipid metabolism and inflammation; therefore, PPARα agonists are promising agents to treat dyslipidemia and metabolic disorders. PPARα full agonists, such as fibrates, are effective anti-hypertriglyceride agents, but their use is limited by adverse side effects. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify small molecules that can activate PPARα while minimizing the adverse effects. Antrodia cinnamomea, a rare medical mushroom, has been used widely in Asian countries for the treatment of various diseases, including liver diseases. Antcin B, H and K (antcins) and ergostatrien-3β-ol (EK100) are bioactive compounds isolated from A. cinnamomea with anti-inflammatory actions. Antcins, ergostane-type triterpenoids, contain the polar head with carboxylate group and the sterol-based body. Here, we showed at the first time that sterol-based compounds, antcins, but not EK100, activate PPARα in a cell-based transactivation study. The in silico docking studies presented several significant molecular interactions of antcins, including Tyr314, and His440 in the ligand-binding domain of PPARα, and these interactions are required for helix 12 (H12) stabilization. We propose that PPARα activation activity of antcins is related to their binding mode which requires conventional H12 stabilization, and that antcins can be developed as safe selective PPARα modulators.
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Lu ZM, Zhu Q, Li HX, Geng Y, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Vanillin Promotes the Germination of Antrodia camphorata Arthroconidia through PKA and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2048. [PMID: 29109709 PMCID: PMC5660099 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild fruiting bodies of medicinal mushroom Antrodia camphorata are only found on the endemic species bull camphor tree, Cinnamomum kanehirae, in Taiwan. Despite the evident importance of the host components in promoting the growth of A. camphorata, insights into the underlying mechanisms are still lacking. Here, we first evaluated effects of the compounds from C. kanehirai, C. camphora, and A. camphorata, and their structural analogs on the germination rate of A. camphorata arthroconidia. Among the 54 tested compounds, vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) was determined as the optimum germination promoter, while o-vanillin and 1-octen-3-ol as major negative regulators of arthroconidia germination. Second, the protein patterns of arthroconidia after 24 h of incubation in the presence or absence of vanillin were compared via isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomics. Via bioinformatic analysis, it was found that 61 proteins might relate to the germination of arthroconidia, in which 16 proteins might involve in two potential protein kinase A (PKA) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in the vanillin-promoted germination of A. camphorata arthroconidia. Last, the mRNA expression levels of the 16 germination-related genes in the potential PKA and MAPK signaling pathways were analyzed by quantitative real time PCR. Together, our results are beneficial for the elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the germination of A. camphorata arthroconidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ming Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hua-Xiang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Geng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jin-Song Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory for Industrial Biological Systems and Bioprocessing Engineering, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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10
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Tong ZB, Cui XH, Wang J, Zhang CL, Zhang YY, Ren ZJ. Constituents from solid-cultured Antrodia camphorata. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2564-2567. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1320785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zong-Bo Tong
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu-Hong Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cun-Li Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Jun Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Kuo YH, Chen CC, Wu PY, Wu CS, Sung PJ, Lin CY, Chiang HM. N-(4-methoxyphenyl) caffeamide-induced melanogenesis inhibition mechanisms. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:71. [PMID: 28114924 PMCID: PMC5259883 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1554-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The derivative of caffeamide exhibits antioxidant and antityrosinase activity. The activity and mechanism of N-(4-methoxyphenyl) caffeamide (K36E) on melanogenesis was investigated. Methods B16F0 cells were treated with various concentrations of K36E; the melanin contents and related signal transduction were studied. Western blotting assay was applied to determine the protein expression, and spectrophotometry was performed to identify the tyrosinase activity and melanin content. Results Our results indicated that K36E reduced α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanin content and tyrosinase activity in B16F0 cells. In addition, K36E inhibited the expression of phospho-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element-binding protein, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). K36E activated the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), leading to the inhibition of MITF transcription activity. K36E attenuated α-MSH induced cAMP pathways, contributing to hypopigmentation. Conclusions K36E regulated melanin synthesis through reducing the expression of downstream proteins including p-CREB, p-AKT, p-GSK3β, tyrosinase, and TRP-1, and activated the transcription factor, MITF. K36E may have the potential to be developed as a skin whitening agent.
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12
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Xia Y, Zhou X, Wang G, Zhang B, Xu G, Ai L. Induction of antroquinonol production by addition of hydrogen peroxide in the fermentation of Antrodia camphorata S-29. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:595-599. [PMID: 27098319 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antroquinonol have significantly anti-tumour effects on various cancer cells. There is still lack of reports on regulation of environmental factors on antroquinonol production by Antrodia camphorata. RESULTS An effective submerged fermentation method was employed to induce antroquinonol with adding H2 O2 . The production of antroquinonol was 57.81 mg L-1 after fermentation for 10 days when adding 25 mmol L-1 H2 O2 at day 4 of the fermentation process. Then, antroquinonol was further increased to 80.10 mg L-1 with cell productivity of 14.94 mg g-1 dry mycelium when the feeding rate of H2 O2 was adjusted to 0.2 mmol L-1 h-1 in the 7 L fermentation bioreactor. After inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen species with the inhibitor diphenyleneiodoium, the synthesis of antroquinonol from A. camphorata was significantly reduced, and the yield was only 3.3 mg L-1 . CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that addition of H2 O2 was a very effective strategy to induce and regulate the synthesis of antroquinonol in submerged fermentation. Reactive oxygen species generated by H2 O2 during fermentation caused oxidative stress, which induced the synthesis of antroquinonol and other chemical compounds. Moreover, it is very beneficial process to improve production and diversity of the active compounds during liquid fermentation of A. camphorata mycelium. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Xia
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Guangqiang Wang
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Bobo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Ganrong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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Kuo YH, Lin TY, You YJ, Wen KC, Sung PJ, Chiang HM. Antiinflammatory and Antiphotodamaging Effects of Ergostatrien-3β-ol, Isolated from Antrodia camphorata, on Hairless Mouse Skin. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21091213. [PMID: 27626393 PMCID: PMC6274320 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21091213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ergostatrien-3β-ol (EK100), isolated from the submerged whole broth of Antrodia camphorata, has antidiabetic, hyperlipidemic, and hepatoprotective activities. However, the antiphotodamage activity of EK100 has still not been revealed. Inflammation and collagen degradation contribute to skin photodamage and premature aging. In the present study, in vivo experiments were designed to investigate the antiinflammatory and antiphotodamaging activities of EK100 in hairless mice by physiological and histological analysis of the skin. Results indicated that topical application of EK100 (25 and 100 μM) for 10 weeks efficiently inhibited ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced wrinkle formation, erythema, and epidermal thickness in the mice skin. EK100 also restored UVB-induced collagen content reduction in hairless mice skin. In addition, the immunohistochemistry results indicated that EK100 significantly inhibited the UVB-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) in the mouse skin. The expression of these proteins was similar to the Normal group after 100 μM EK100 treatment. EK100 inhibited collagen degradation in the skin through MMP-1 inhibition and antiinflammation. EK100 significantly reduced the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), indicating that EK100 protected skin from UVB-induced damage. Our findings strongly suggest that EK100 has significant beneficial antiinflammatory and antiphotoaging activities and that EK100 can be developed as an antiphotodamaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan.
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Ya-Jhen You
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Ching Wen
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Ping-Jyun Sung
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung 944, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Zhu M, Gao H, Wu C, Zhu T, Che Q, Gu Q, Guo P, Li D. Lipid-lowering polyketides from a soft coral-derived fungus Cladosporium sp. TZP29. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3606-9. [PMID: 26169125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Two new C12 polyketides, cladospolides E and F (1 and 2), together with four known derivatives seco-patulolides A and C (3 and 4), 11-hydroxy-γ-dodecalactone (5) and iso-cladospolide B (6), were isolated from a soft coral-derived fungus Cladosporium sp. TZP-29. Their structures, including the absolute configurations, were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, modified Mosher's method, and the analysis of their biogenesis. All compounds were non-cytotoxic while compounds 1 and 3-5 showed potent lipid-lowering activity in HepG2 hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Huquan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongming Wu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianjiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Che
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Guo
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dehai Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, People's Republic of China.
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Kuo YH, Lin CH, Shih CC. Ergostatrien-3β-ol from Antrodia camphorata inhibits diabetes and hyperlipidemia in high-fat-diet treated mice via regulation of hepatic related genes, glucose transporter 4, and AMP-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2479-2489. [PMID: 25693659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the effects and mechanism of ergostatrien-3β-ol (EK100) from the submerged whole broth of Antrodia camphorata on diabetes and dyslipidemia in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice for 12 weeks. The C57BL/6J mouse fed with a high fat diet (HFD) could induce insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. After 8 week of induction, mice were receiving EK100 (at three dosages) or fenofibrate (Feno) or rosiglitazone (Rosi) or vehicle by oral gavage 4 weeks afterward. HFD-fed mice display increased blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), insulin, and leptin levels. These blood markers were significantly lower in EK100-treated mice, and finally ameliorated insulin resistance. EK100 treatment exhibited reduced hepatic ballooning degeneration and size of visceral adipocytes. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) proteins and phosphorylation of Akt in skeletal muscle were significantly increased in EK100- and Rosi-treated mice. EK100, Feno, and Rosi treatment led to significant increases in phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (phospho-AMPK) protein in both skeletal muscle and liver. Moreover, EK100 caused a decrease in hepatic expressions of phosphenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase), and decreased glucose production. EK100 lowered blood TG level by inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthesis by dampening sterol response element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) but increasing expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor α (PPARα). Moreover, EK100-treated mice reduced blood TC levels by decreased hepatic expressions of SREBP2, which plays a major role in the regulation of cholesterol synthesis. EK100 increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations by increasing expressions of apolipoprotein A-I (apo A-I) in liver tissue. Our findings manifest that EK100 may have therapeutic potential in treating type 2 diabetes associated with hyperlipidemia in HFD-fed mice by regulation of GLUT4, PEPCK, G6 Pase, SREBP1c, SREBP2, apo A-I, and AMPK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University , Taichung City 40402, Taiwan
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Tsai TC, Tung YT, Kuo YH, Liao JW, Tsai HC, Chong KY, Chen HL, Chen CM. Anti-inflammatory effects of Antrodia camphorata, a herbal medicine, in a mouse skin ischemia model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 159:113-121. [PMID: 25449461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVIDENCE Antrodia camphorata, a highly valued polypore mushroom native only to Taiwan, has been traditionally used as a medicine for anti-inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, anti-inflammatory effects of Antrodia camphorata (AC) and its active compound, ergostatrien-3β-ol (ST1), were investigated in a mouse skin ischemia model induced by skin flap surgery on the dorsal skin. MATERIALS AND METHODS A U-shaped flap was elevated on the dorsal skin of the nine-week-old male mice. Mice were randomly assigned to six groups for treatment (n=6) including normal skin/propylene glycol (PG), surgical skin flap/PG, solid-state-cultured AC (S/AC), wood-cultured AC (W/AC), high-dose ST1 (H-ST1), low-dose ST1 (L-ST1). Antrodia camphorata was dissolved in 25μL PG and smeared on the skin flap every six hours for 24h. At the end of the experiment, each mouse was anesthetized, and skin tissues were collected from their back for histopathological analysis, extracting RNA and protein according to our previous reports. RESULTS Skin-flap-induced ischemia damage significantly increased the expression of the iNOS, COX2, and IL-6 proteins and decreased the expression of IκB protein. In addition, focal, moderate coagulative necrosis with inflammatory cell infiltration was found in the epidermis, and moderate inflammatory cells and necrosis with slight edema was noted in the sub-dermis at 24h after skin flap surgery. However, treatment with solid-state-cultured or wood-cultured AC, or with its derived ST1 active compound, significantly reduced the necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in both the epidermis and sub-dermis of the skin flap. The treatments also reduced the inflammatory response by decreasing the expression of inflammation-related genes including iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB, as shown by changes in RNA and protein expression, when compared with the surgical skin flap procedure alone. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that methanolic extracts of wood-cultured fruiting bodies and solid-state-cultured mycelia from Antrodia camphorata have excellent anti-inflammatory activities and thus have great potential as an addition for hydrocolloid dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Chou Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Wang Liao
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chung Tsai
- Department of Sugery, Taichung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taichung 403, Taiwan
| | - Kowit-Yu Chong
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ling Chen
- Department of Bioresources, Da-Yeh University, Changhua 515, Taiwan.
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, and Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan; Rong-Hsing Translational Medicine Center, and the iEGG center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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Coenzyme Q0 from Antrodia cinnamomea in Submerged Cultures Induces Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Apoptosis in A549 Human Lung Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:246748. [PMID: 25431605 PMCID: PMC4241310 DOI: 10.1155/2014/246748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the anticancer effects of Antrodia cinnamomea, a medicinal mushroom from Taiwan, on A549 human lung cancer cells using the ethyl acetate extract from submerged culture filtrates. Our results showed that 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone (coenzyme Q0; CoQ0) derived from A. cinnamomea submerged culture filtrates has anticancer activity. CoQ0 treatment reduced the viability of A549, HepG2, and SW480 cancer cell lines. Furthermore, CoQ0 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis in A549 cells, which was inhibited by the antioxidant ascorbic acid. To our knowledge, these data demonstrate for the first time that CoQ0 derived from A. cinnamomea submerged culture filtrates exerts its anticancer effect through the induction of ROS-mediated apoptosis in A549 human lung cancer cells.
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Huang GJ, Deng JS, Chen CC, Huang CJ, Sung PJ, Huang SS, Kuo YH. Methanol extract of Antrodia camphorata protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by suppressing NF-κB and MAPK pathways in mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:5321-5329. [PMID: 24849405 DOI: 10.1021/jf405113g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata (AC) has been used as a herbal medicine for drug intoxication for the treatment of inflammation syndromes and liver-related diseases in Taiwan. This study demonstrates the protective effect of the methanol extract of AC (MAC) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Mice were treated with MAC 1 h before the intratracheal (I.T.) instillation of LPS challenge model. Lung injury was evaluated 6 h after LPS induction. Pretreatment with MAC markedly improved LPS-induced histological alterations and edema in lung tissues. Moreover, MAC also inhibited the release of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 at 6 h in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) during LPS-induced lung injury. Furthermore, MAC reduced total cell number and protein concentrations in the BALF the pulmonary wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio, and myeloperoxidase activity and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lung tissues. MAC also efficiently blocked protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and inhibited the degradation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and IκBα. This is the first investigation in which MAC inhibited acute lung edema effectively, which may provide a potential target for treating ALI. MAC may utilize the NF-κB and MAPKs pathways and the regulation of SOD activity to attenuate LPS-induced nonspecific pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jhong Huang
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University , Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Xia Y, Wang Y, Zhang B, Xu G, Ai L. Effect of cultural conditions on antrodin C production by basidiomycete Antrodia camphorata in solid-state fermentation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 61:724-32. [PMID: 24548184 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antrodia camphorata is a medicinal fungus and antrodin C is one of the main bioactive components of A. camphorata in the submerged fermentation (SmF). To optimize the culture conditions, the factors influencing the production of antrodin C by A. camphorata under solid-state fermentation (SSF) were investigated in this study. Different solid substrates and external nitrogen sources were tested for their efficiency in producing antrodin C. The response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the influence of several variables, namely, the concentrations of soybean meal, initial moisture content, and inoculum density on antrodin C production in solid-state fermentation. The experimental results show that the optimum fermentation medium for antrodin C production by A. camphorata was composed of 0.578 g soybean meal, 0.05 g Na2 HPO4 , 0.05 g MgSO4 for 100 g rice, with 51.83% initial moisture content, 22 day culture time, 28 °C culture temperature, and 35.54% inoculum density. At optimized conditions, 6,617.36 ± 92.71 mg kg(-1) yield of antrodin C was achieved. Solid-state fermentation is one good cultural method to improve the production of antrodin C by A. camphorata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Xia
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Huang GJ, Deng JS, Huang SS, Lee CY, Hou WC, Wang SY, Sung PJ, Kuo YH. Hepatoprotective effects of eburicoic acid and dehydroeburicoic acid from Antrodia camphorata in a mouse model of acute hepatic injury. Food Chem 2013; 141:3020-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
Chinese herbal medicine () attracts much attention in the treatment of liver injuries. Numerous studies have revealed various biological activities of medicinal mushrooms such as Antrodia Cinnamomea (). Although A. cinnamomea is rare in the wild, recent developments in fermentation and cultivation technologies make the mycelia and fruiting bodies of this valuable medicinal mushroom readily available. Liver diseases such as fatty liver, hepatitis, hepatic fibrosis, and liver cancer are complicated processes of liver injuries that have tremendous impact on human society. In this article, we reviewed studies about the hepatoprotective effects of the fruiting bodies and mycelia of A. cinnamomea performed in different experimental models. The results of those studies suggest the potential application of A. cinnamomea in preventing and treating liver diseases and its potential to be developed into health foods or new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Wenn Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang GJ, Deng JS, Huang SS, Shao YY, Chen CC, Kuo YH. Protective effect of antrosterol from Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Huang GJ, Huang SS, Lin SS, Shao YY, Chen CC, Hou WC, Kuo YH. Analgesic effects and the mechanisms of anti-inflammation of ergostatrien-3beta-ol from Antrodia camphorata submerged whole broth in mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:7445-7452. [PMID: 20507140 DOI: 10.1021/jf1013764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Ergostatrien-3beta-ol (ST1), an active and major ingredient from Antrodia camphorata (AC) submerged whole broth was evaluated for the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Treatment of male imprinting control region (ICR) mice with ST1 (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the numbers of acetic-acid-induced writhing response in 10 min. Also, our result showed that ST1 (10 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the formalin-induced pain in the late phase (p < 0.001). In the anti-inflammatory test, ST1 (10 mg/kg) decreased the paw edema at 4 and 5 h after lambda-carrageenin (Carr) administration and increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the liver tissue. We also demonstrated that ST1 significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the edema paw at 5 h after Carr injection. ST1 (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) decreased the nitric oxide (NO) levels on both the edema paw and serum level at 5 h after Carr injection. Also, ST1 (5 and 10 mg/kg) diminished the serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) at 5 h after Carr injection. Western blotting revealed that ST1 (10 mg/kg) decreased Carr-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cycloxyclase (COX-2) expressions at 5 h in the edema paw. An intraperitoneal (ip) injection treatment with ST1 also diminished neutrophil infiltration into sites of inflammation, as did indomethacin (Indo). The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of ST1 might be related to the decrease in the level of MDA, iNOS, and COX-2 in the edema paw via increasing the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx in the liver through the suppression of TNF-alpha and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Jhong Huang
- Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Yu YL, Chen IH, Shen KY, Huang RY, Wang WR, Chou CJ, Chang TT, Chu CL. A triterpenoid methyl antcinate K isolated from Antrodia cinnamomea promotes dendritic cell activation and Th2 differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39:2482-91. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200839039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Majid E, Male KB, Tzeng Y, Omamogho JO, Glennon JD, Luong JHT. Cyclodextrin‐modified capillary electrophoresis for achiral and chiral separation of ergostane and lanostane compounds extracted from the fruiting body ofAntrodia camphorata. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:1967-75. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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