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El-Seedi HR, Ibrahim HMS, Yosri N, Ibrahim MAA, Hegazy MEF, Setzer WN, Guo Z, Zou X, Refaey MS, Salem SE, Musharraf SG, Saeed A, Salem SE, Xu B, Zhao C, Khalifa SAM. Naturally Occurring Xanthones; Biological Activities, Chemical Profiles and In Silico Drug Discovery. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:62-101. [PMID: 36809956 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230221111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Xanthones are widely distributed polyphenols, present commonly in higher plants; Garcinia, Calophyllum, Hypericum, Platonia, Mangifera, Gentiana and Swertia. Xanthone tricyclic scaffold is able to interact with different biological targets, showing antibacterial and cytotoxic effects, as well as potent effects against osteoarthritis, malaria, and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, in this article we focused on pharmacological effects, applications and preclinical studies with the recent updates of xanthon´s isolated compounds from 2017-2020. We found that only α-mangostin, gambogic acid, and mangiferin, have been subjected to preclinical studies with particular emphasis on the development of anticancer, diabetes, antimicrobial and hepatoprotective therapeutics. Molecular docking calculations were performed to predict the binding affinities of xanthone-derived compounds against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. According to the results, cratoxanthone E and morellic acid demonstrated promising binding affinities towards SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with docking scores of -11.2 and -11.0 kcal/mol, respectively. Binding features manifested the capability of cratoxanthone E and morellic acid to exhibit nine and five hydrogen bonds, respectively, with the key amino acids of the Mpro active site. In conclusion, cratoxanthone E and morellic acid are promising anti-COVID-19 drug candidates that warrant further detailed in vivo experimental estimation and clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham R El-Seedi
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-Products Processing, Jiangsu Education Department, Jiangsu University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Hasnaa M S Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Yosri
- Chemistry of Natural Products, Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (RIMAP), Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohamed-Elamir F Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 5, Mainz, 55128, Germany
- 7Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - William N Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, 35899, AL, USA
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, 84043, UT, USA
| | - Zhiming Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Mohamed S Refaey
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | - Suhila E Salem
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Syed G Musharraf
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Chemistry Department, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sara E Salem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaden A M Khalifa
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE 106 91, Sweden
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2
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Wijesekara T, Xu B. Health-Promoting Effects of Bioactive Compounds from Plant Endophytic Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:997. [PMID: 37888253 PMCID: PMC10608072 DOI: 10.3390/jof9100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study examines the intricate relationship between plants and the endophytic fungi inhabiting their tissues. These fungi harmoniously coexist with plants, forming a distinct symbiotic connection that has caught scientific attention due to its potential implications for plant health and growth. The diverse range of bioactive compounds produced by these fungi holds significant promise for human health. The review covers various aspects of this topic, starting by introducing endophytic microorganisms, explaining their colonization of different plant parts, and illuminating their potential roles in enhancing plant defense against diseases and promoting growth. The review emphasizes the widespread occurrence and diversity of these microorganisms among plant species while highlighting the complexities and significance of isolating and extracting bioactive compounds from them. It focuses on the health benefits of these bioactive compounds, including their capacity to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer effects. The review delves into the mechanisms behind these health-promoting effects, spotlighting how the compounds interact with cellular receptors, signaling pathways, and gene expression. In conclusion, the review provides a comprehensive overview of health-promoting bioactive compounds from plant endophytic fungi. It outlines their multifaceted impact, potential applications, and future research avenues in health and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharuka Wijesekara
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka;
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
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3
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Hashem AH, Attia MS, Kandil EK, Fawzi MM, Abdelrahman AS, Khader MS, Khodaira MA, Emam AE, Goma MA, Abdelaziz AM. Bioactive compounds and biomedical applications of endophytic fungi: a recent review. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:107. [PMID: 37280587 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human life has been significantly impacted by the creation and spread of novel species of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and virus strains that are difficult to manage. Scientists and researchers have recently been motivated to seek out alternatives and other sources of safe and ecologically friendly active chemicals that have a powerful and effective effect against a wide variety of pathogenic bacteria as a result of all these hazards and problems. In this review, endophytic fungi and their bioactive compounds and biomedical applications were discussed. Endophytes, a new category of microbial source that can produce a variety of biological components, have major values for study and broad prospects for development. Recently, endophytic fungi have received much attention as a source for new bioactive compounds. In addition, the variety of natural active compounds generated by endophytes is due to the close biological relationship between endophytes and their host plants. The bioactive compounds separated from endophytes are usually classified as steroids, xanthones, terpenoids, isocoumarins, phenols, tetralones, benzopyranones and enniatines. Moreover, this review discusses enhancement methods of secondary metabolites production by fungal endophytes which include optimization methods, co-culture method, chemical epigenetic modification and molecular-based approaches. Furthermore, this review deals with different medical applications of bioactive compounds such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant and anticancer activities in the last 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Attia
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Esalm K Kandil
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Fawzi
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Abdelrahman
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Khader
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Khodaira
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdallah E Emam
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Goma
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amer M Abdelaziz
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Sana T, Khan M, Jabeen A, Shams S, Hadda TB, Begum S, Siddiqui BS. Urease and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory Effect of Xanthones from Aspergillus nidulans, an Endophytic Fungus of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:377-384. [PMID: 36626924 DOI: 10.1055/a-1908-0935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Urease plays a major role in the pathogenesis of peptic and gastric ulcer and also causes acute pyelonephritis and development of infection-induced reactive arthritis. Carbonic anhydrases (CA) cause pathological disorders such as epilepsy (CA I), glaucoma, gastritis, renal, pancreatic carcinomas, and malignant brain tumors (CA II). Although various synthetic urease and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are known, these have many side effects. Hence, present studies were undertaken on ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus nidulans, an endophytic fungus separated from the leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. and led to the isolation of five furanoxanthones, sterigmatin (1: ), sterigmatocystin (3: ), dihydrosterigmatocystin (4: ), oxisterigmatocystin C (5: ), acyl-hemiacetal sterigmatocystin (6: ), and a pyranoxanthone (2: ). Acetylation of 3: gave compound O-acetyl sterigmatocystin (7: ). Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR and MS. The inhibitory effect of isolated compounds was evaluated on urease and carbonic anhydrase (bCA II) enzymes in vitro. Compounds 3: and 6: showed significant urease inhibition (IC50 19 and 21 µM), while other compounds exhibited varying degrees of urease inhibition (IC50 33 - 51 µM). Compounds 4, 6: and 7: exhibited significant inhibition of bCA II (IC50 values 21, 25 and 18 µM respectively), compounds 1: -3: displayed moderate inhibition (IC50 61, 76 and 31 µM respectively) while 5: showed no inhibition. A mechanistic study of the most active urease inhibitors was also performed using enzyme kinetics and molecular docking. All compounds were found non-toxic on the NIH-3T3 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talea Sana
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Majid Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sidrah Shams
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Taibi Ben Hadda
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Matériaux, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
| | - Sabira Begum
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bina Shaheen Siddiqui
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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5
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Distribution, cytotoxicity, and antioxidant activity of fungal endophytes isolated from Tsuga chinensis (Franch.) Pritz. in Ha Giang province, Vietnam. ANN MICROBIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-022-01693-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
An endangered Tsuga chinensis (Franch.) Pritz. is widely used as a natural medicinal herb in many countries, but little has been reported on its culturable endophytic fungi capable of producing secondary metabolites applied in modern medicine and pharmacy. The present study aimed to evaluate the distribution of fungal endophytes and their cytotoxic and antioxidant properties.
Methods
This study used the surface sterilization method to isolate endophytic fungi which were then identified using morphological characteristics and ITS sequence analysis. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials of fungal ethyl acetate extracts were evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assays, respectively. Paclitaxel-producing fungi were primarily screened using PCR-based molecular markers. Additionally, biochemical assays were used to reveal the antioxidant potencies of selected strains.
Results
A total of sixteen endophytic fungi that belonged to 7 known and 1 unknown genera were isolated from T. chinensis. The greatest number of endophytes was found in leaves (50%), followed by stems (31.3%) and roots (18.7%). Out of 16 fungal strains, 33.3% of fungal extracts showed significant antimicrobial activities against at least 4 pathogens with inhibition zones ranging from 11.0 ± 0.4 to 25.8 ± 0.6 mm. The most prominent cytotoxicity against A549 and MCF7 cell lines (IC50 value < 92.4 μg/mL) was observed in Penicillium sp. SDF4, Penicillium sp. SDF5, Aspergillus sp. SDF8, and Aspergillus sp. SDF17. Out of three key genes (dbat, bapt, ts) involved in paclitaxel biosynthesis, strains SDF4, SDF8, and SDF17 gave one or two positive hits, holding the potential for producing the billion-dollar anticancer drug paclitaxel. Furthermore, four bioactive strains also displayed remarkable and wide-range antioxidant activity against DPPH, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide anion, which was in relation to the high content of flavonoids and polyphenols detected.
Conclusion
The present study exploited for the first time fungal endophytes from T. chinensis as a promising source for the discovery of new bioactive compounds or leads for the new drug candidates.
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Lacerda ÍCDS, Polonio JC, Golias HC. Endophytic Fungi as a Source of Antiviral Compounds - A Review. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100971. [PMID: 35426966 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a rich source of secondary metabolites. The interactions between endophytes and their hosts lead to the production of several bioactive substances grouped into different classes, each having a wide variety of effects against various pathogens. The metabolites obtained from these organisms include steroids, alkaloids, phenols, isocoumarins, xanthones, quinones, and terpenoids, among others. These substances are known to have antibiotic, antiparasitic, antifungal, and antiviral effects. This review summarizes secondary metabolites with antiviral effects produced by endophytic fungi and highlights the importance of research in developing novel antiviral substances. We demonstrate that endophytic fungi are a rich source of secondary metabolites that combat pathologies caused by viruses. Optimizing practical and biotechnological screening tools for the research of these metabolites will provide promising drugs to combat these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Júlio Cesar Polonio
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Biotechnology, State University of Maringá (UEM), Brazil
| | - Halison Correia Golias
- Department of Humanities, Microbiology Laboratory, Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR), Brazil
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7
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Hagag AH, Abdelwahab MF, Abd El-Kader AM, Fouad MA. The Endophytic Aspergillus Strains: A Bountiful Source of Natural Products. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4150-4169. [PMID: 35157354 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fungi that invade plant inner tissues without inducing disease symptoms are known as fungal endophytes. They represent a promising and tremendous reservoir of natural products with valuable biological potentials for application in medicine, agriculture and industry. Among the numerous existing endophytic fungi, Aspergillus strains constitute one of the most prolific sources of secondary metabolites with diverse chemical classes and interesting biological activities. This review covers the literature of the year 2020, reporting the isolation of 202 compounds obtained from more than ten different endophytic Aspergillus species associated with different host plants. Analysis and interpretation of the collected data revealed that chemical investigation of endophytes belonging to the genus Aspergillus may greatly contribute in the discovery of potential drug leads. The isolated metabolites were chemically various and exhibited diverse biological activities such as antibacterial, anti-cancer, anti-plasmodial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunosuppressive and antifungal activities. Moreover, adoption of advanced technology in molecular biology together with modern chemical tools is anticipated to improve the discovery of new biopharmaceuticals from this valuable microbial world in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Hagag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt
| | - Miada F Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
| | - Adel M Abd El-Kader
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Fouad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
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8
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Liu X, Zhou ZY, Cui JL, Wang ML, Wang JH. Biotransformation ability of endophytic fungi: from species evolution to industrial applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7095-7113. [PMID: 34499202 PMCID: PMC8426592 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Increased understanding of the interactions between endophytic fungi and plants has led to the discovery of a new generation of chemical compounds and processes between endophytic fungi and plants. Due to the long-term co-evolution between fungal endophytes and host plants, endophytes have evolved special biotransformation abilities, which can have critical consequences on plant metabolic processes and their composition. Biotransformation or bioconversion can impact the synthesis and decomposition of hormones, sugars, amino acids, vitamins, lipids, proteins, and various secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, polysaccharides, and terpenes. Endophytic fungi produce enzymes and various bioactive secondary metabolites with industrial value and can degrade or sequester inorganic and organic small molecules and macromolecules (e.g., toxins, pollutants, heavy metals). These fungi also have the ability to cause highly selective catalytic conversion of high-value compounds in an environmentally friendly manner, which can be important for the production/innovation of bioactive molecules, food and nutrition, agriculture, and environment. This work mainly summarized recent research progress in this field, providing a reference for further research and application of fungal endophytes. Key points •The industrial value of degradation of endophytes was summarized. • The commercial value for the pharmaceutical industry is reviewed. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhong-Ya Zhou
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.,Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Jin-Long Cui
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Meng-Liang Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun-Hong Wang
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China
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9
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Khattab AR, Farag MA. Marine and terrestrial endophytic fungi: a mine of bioactive xanthone compounds, recent progress, limitations, and novel applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:403-430. [PMID: 34266351 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1940087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are a kind of fungi that colonizes living plant tissues presenting a myriad of microbial adaptations that have been developed in such a hidden environment. Owing to its large diversity and particular habituation, they present a golden mine for research in the field of drug discovery. Endophytic fungal communities possess unique biocatalytic machinery that furnishes a myriad of complex natural product scaffolds. Xanthone compounds are examples of endophytic secondary metabolic products with pronounced biological activity to include: antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antiulcer, choleretic, diuretic, and monoamine oxidase inhibiting activity.The current review compiles the recent progress made on the microbiological production of xanthones using fungal endophytes obtained from both marine and terrestrial origins, with comparisons being made among both natural resources. The biosynthesis of xanthones in endophytic fungi is outlined along with its decoding enzymes. Biotransformation reactions reported to be carried out using different endophytic microbial models are also outlined for xanthones structural modification purposes and the production of novel molecules.A promising application of novel computational tools is presented as a future direction for the goal of optimizing microbial xanthones production to include establishing metabolic pathway databases and the in silico analysis of microbial interactions. Metagenomics methods and related bioinformatics platforms are highlighted as unexplored tools for the biodiversity analysis of endophytic microbial communities that are difficult to be cultured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira R Khattab
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Zheng R, Li S, Zhang X, Zhao C. Biological Activities of Some New Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Endophytic Fungi: A Review Study. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:959. [PMID: 33478038 PMCID: PMC7835970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites isolated from plant endophytic fungi have been getting more and more attention. Some secondary metabolites exhibit high biological activities, hence, they have potential to be used for promising lead compounds in drug discovery. In this review, a total of 134 journal articles (from 2017 to 2019) were reviewed and the chemical structures of 449 new metabolites, including polyketides, terpenoids, steroids and so on, were summarized. Besides, various biological activities and structure-activity relationship of some compounds were aslo described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Changqi Zhao
- Gene Engineering and Biotechnology Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, 19 XinjiekouWai Avenue, Beijing 100875, China; (R.Z.); (S.L.); (X.Z.)
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11
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El-Hawary SS, Moawad AS, Bahr HS, Abdelmohsen UR, Mohammed R. Natural product diversity from the endophytic fungi of the genus Aspergillus. RSC Adv 2020; 10:22058-22079. [PMID: 35516645 PMCID: PMC9054607 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra04290k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The endophytic fungus Aspergillus is considered as an enormous source of chemical leads with promising biological activities. Different Aspergillus species have proved their ability to produce plenty of secondary metabolites including butenolides, alkaloids, terpenoids, cytochalasins, phenalenones, ρ-terphenyls, xanthones, sterols, diphenyl ether and anthraquinone derivatives with diverse biological activities, such as anti-cancer, antifungal, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities. From January 2015 until December 2019, three hundred and sixty-one secondary metabolites were reported from different endophytic Aspergillus species. This review discusses the isolated secondary metabolites from different endophytic Aspergillus species reported from January 2015 to December 2019 along with their reported biological activities and structural aspects whenever applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seham S El-Hawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University 11936 Cairo Egypt
| | - Abeer S Moawad
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University 62514 Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Hebatallah S Bahr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University 62513 Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University 61519 Minia Egypt
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Universities Zone P. O. Box 61111 New Minia City Minia Egypt
| | - Rabab Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University 62514 Beni-Suef Egypt
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12
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Biological Activity of Endophytic Fungi from the Roots of the Medicinal Plant Vernonia anthelmintica. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040586. [PMID: 32316675 PMCID: PMC7232482 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic fungi were first isolated from the fresh root of the Chinese medicinal plant Vernonia anthelmintica collected from the Hotan Prefecture within the Xinjiang Autonomous region of the People’s Republic of China. This plant has been used in Uyghur traditional medicine to treat vitiligo, a skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment. In total, fifteen fungal strains were isolated. Among these, four endophytic fungi were identified by their DNA sequences and registered to GenBank with accession numbers. The isolates were identified as Schizophyllum commune XJA1, Talaromyces sp. XJA4, Aspergillus sp. XJA6, Aspergillus terreus XJA8. Ethyl acetate extracts of all fungal strains were used to quantify melanin content and to identify in vitro biological activity assays including antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic, antidiabetic and tyrosinase activity on B16 cells. Among the extracts of all four identified strains, the ethyl acetate extract of the Aspergillus sp. XJA6 was chosen for further characterization because it presented the highest biological activity against these tests. In addition, twenty four volatile compounds from the petroleum ether fraction were characterized by GC–MS.
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