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Amorim AS, Arnaut ZA, Mata AI, Pucelik B, Barzowska A, da Silva GJ, Pereira MM, Dąbrowski JM, Arnaut LG. Efficient and Selective, In Vitro and In Vivo, Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy with a Dicationic Chlorin in Combination with KI. ACS Infect Dis 2024. [PMID: 39150769 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2024]
Abstract
Various cationic photosensitizers employed in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) have the ability to photoinactivate planktonic bacteria under conditions of low phototoxicity to mammalian cells and without generating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). However, the photoinactivation of biofilms requires orders-of-magnitude higher photosensitizer concentrations, which become toxic to host cells. Remarkably, the bactericidal effect of a dicationic di-imidazolyl chlorin toward planktonic S. aureus and E. coli was observed in this work for concentrations below 400 nM under illumination at 660 nm and below 50 μM for the corresponding biofilms. At the latter concentrations, the chlorin is phototoxic toward human keratinocyte cells. However, in the presence of 50 mM KI, bactericidal concentrations are reduced to less than 50 nM for planktonic bacteria and to less than 1 μM for biofilms. It is shown that the potentiation with KI involves the triiodide anion. This potentiation elicits a bactericidal effect without appreciable cytotoxicity to keratinocytes. It becomes possible to selectively inactivate biofilms with aPDT. An exploratory study treating mice with wounds infected with E. coli expressing GFP with 20 μM chlorin and 120 J cm-2 at 652 nm confirmed the potential of this chlorin to control localized infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita S Amorim
- CQC-IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Zoe A Arnaut
- CQC-IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Ana I Mata
- CQC-IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | - Barbara Pucelik
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Kraków Institute of Technology, Kraków 30-418, Poland
| | - Agata Barzowska
- Łukasiewicz Research Network - Kraków Institute of Technology, Kraków 30-418, Poland
| | - Gabriela J da Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Mariette M Pereira
- CQC-IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
| | | | - Luis G Arnaut
- CQC-IMS, Chemistry Department, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-535, Portugal
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Alves F, Nakada PJT, Marques MJDAM, Rea LDC, Cortez AA, Pellegrini VDOA, Polikarpov I, Kurachi C. Complete photodynamic inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm with use of potassium iodide and its comparison with enzymatic pretreatment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2024; 257:112974. [PMID: 38964021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2024.112974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacterium, accounts for 7% of all hospital-acquired infections. Despite advances in medicine and antibiotic therapy, P. aeruginosa infection still results in high mortality rates of up to 62% in certain patient groups. This bacteria is also known to form biofilms, that are 10 to 1000 times more resistant to antibiotics compared to their free-floating counterparts. Photodynamic Inactivation (PDI) has been proved to be an effective antimicrobial technique for microbial control. This method involves the incubation of the pathogen with a photosensitizer (PS), then, a light at appropriated wavelength is applied, leading to the production of reactive oxygen species that are toxic to the microbial cells. Studies have focused on strategies to enhance the PDI efficacy, such as a pre-treatment with enzymes to degrade the biofilm matrix and/or an addition of inorganic salts to the PS. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of PDI against P. aeruginosa biofilm in association with the application of the enzymes prior to PDI (enzymatic pre-treatment) or the addition of potassium iodide (KI) to the photosensitizer solution, to increase the inactivation effectiveness of the treatment. First, a range of enzymes and PSs were tested, and the best protocols for combined treatments were selected. The results showed that the use of enzymes as a pre-treatment was effective to reduce the total biomass, however, when associated with PDI, mild bacterial reductions were obtained. Then, the use of KI in association with the PS was evaluated and the results showed that, PDI mediated by methylene blue (MB) in the presence of KI was able to completely eradicate the biofilm. However, when the PDI was performed with curcumin and KI, no additive reduction was observed. In conclusion, out of all strategies evaluated in the present study, the most promising strategy to improve PDI against P. aeruginosa biofilm was the use of KI in association with MB, resulting in eradication with 108 log bacterial inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Alves
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Júnior Tadayoshi Nakada
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Júlia de Arruda Mazzotti Marques
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo da Cruz Rea
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anelyse Abreu Cortez
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Oliveira Arnoldi Pellegrini
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Polikarpov
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Kurachi
- São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), Brazil, Av. Trabalhador São-carlense, 400 - Centro, CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Wei D, Hamblin MR, Wang H, Fekrazad R, Wang C, Wen X. Rose Bengal diacetate-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation: potentiation by potassium iodide and acceleration of wound healing in MRSA-infected diabetic mice. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:246. [PMID: 38970013 PMCID: PMC11225387 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03401-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) can be strongly potentiated by the addition of the non-toxic inorganic salt, potassium iodide (KI). This approach was shown to apply to many different photosensitizers, including the xanthene dye Rose Bengal (RB) excited by green light (540 nm). Rose Bengal diacetate (RBDA) is a lipophilic RB derivative that is easily taken up by cells and hydrolyzed to produce an active photosensitizer. Because KI is not taken up by microbial cells, it was of interest to see if aPDI mediated by RBDA could also be potentiated by KI. The addition of 100 mM KI strongly potentiated the killing of Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylocccus aureus, Gram-negative Eschericia coli, and fungal yeast Candida albicans when treated with RBDA (up to 15 µM) for 2 hours followed by green light (540 nm, 10 J/cm2). Both RBDA aPDI regimens (400 µM RBDA with or without 400 mM KI followed by 20 J/cm2 green light) accelerated the healing of MRSA-infected excisional wounds in diabetic mice, without damaging the host tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danfeng Wei
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Chengshi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Laboratory of Dermatology, Clinical Institute of Inflammation and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Pitaksanurat P, Mayeah N, Saithong P, Pimha S, Sirikarn P, Damrongrungruang T. Anticandidal effect of multiple sessions of erythrosine and potassium iodide-mediated photodynamic therapy. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2369357. [PMID: 38903483 PMCID: PMC11188948 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2369357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Erythrosine+potassium iodide-mediated photodynamic therapy has shown an anticandidal effect. Single session, however, has inadequate fungal inhibition. Objectives We aimed to examine the effects of multiple aPDT sessions on Candida albicans inhibition and singlet oxygen formation. Methods 220 μM erythrosine +/-100 mM potassium iodide was applied to C. albicans biofilms for 1 min prior to irradiation at 530±10 nm using a 250 mW/cm2 light-emitting diode. Negative and positive controls were phosphate buffer saline and nystatin, respectively. Single, double and triple irradiation sessions with a 5 min resting time between sessions were performed. Post-treatment candidal counts were done at 0, 1 6 and 24 hr while log10 colony forming unit/ml was calculated and compared using a Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post hoc test at a p<0.05 - Singlet oxygen amount was compared using one-way ANOVA with a post hoc test at a p< 0.05. Results Two and three irradiation sessions to erythrosine+potassium iodide could inhibit Candida albicans at 7.92 log10CFU/ml (p < 0.001) . Singlet oxygen from a combination groups was significantly higher than for erythrosine (positive control). Moreover, the correlation coefficient (r) between singlet oxygen production and decreased Candida albicans counts was equal to 1. Conclusion Multiple sessions PDT of 220 μM erythrosine+100 mM potassium iodide effectively inhibited a Candida biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pran Pitaksanurat
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nirawat Mayeah
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Pattranun Saithong
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Surachai Pimha
- Department of Public Health Administration, Health Promotion, and Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Prapatsara Sirikarn
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Teerasak Damrongrungruang
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Department of Oral Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Melatonin Research Program, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Dantas JBDL, Fortuna T, Della Cella HR, Silva FLMDSD, Santana RC, Martins GB. Evaluation of the effect of Matricaria recutita monotherapy or in combination with photodynamic therapy on tissue repair in the dorsum of the tongue of rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230211. [PMID: 37909526 PMCID: PMC10609644 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The search for treatments that accelerate the healing of lesions is of constant interest. Matricaria recutita (chamomile) is a plant with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties, and antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) eradicates microorganisms, which favors tissue repair. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the topical use of chamomile with or without aPDT on tissue repair in rats' tongues. METHODOLOGY A total of 75 male Wistar rats underwent standardized ulceration on the dorsum of the tongue using a punch of 5 mm diameter and were randomly allocated into the following groups: control (G1), chamomile fluid extract (G2), chamomile infusion (G3), aPDT (G4), and chamomile infusion + aPDT (G5). On the 3rd, 7th, and 14th days postoperatively, euthanasia was performed, and the ulcers were measured using calipers. The presence of edema, inflammatory infiltrate, cellularity, re-epithelialization, and characterization of total collagen were evaluated using sections stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and Red Sirius. Histomorphometry analyses of the percentage of total collagen, the distance from the basal layer to the epithelial surface, and the thickness of the stratum corneum were performed. Descriptive (absolute/relative frequencies and modes) and exploratory analyses were performed. The associations between the groups and the presence of ulcers were analyzed with Fisher's exact test. All analyses were performed using the R program and statistical significance was set at p=0.05. RESULTS The G2 positively modulated the exudative and proliferative phases of repair, both clinically (p<0.0001) and histologically, whether in descriptive or inferential analyses (p<0.05). The G3 showed a significant difference in clinical parameters compared with G1 (p<0.0001). The G4 and G5 did not positively modulate tissue repair. CONCLUSION The chamomile fluid extract showed better outcomes for tissue repair in the rat tongue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Borges de Lima Dantas
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Faculdade Adventista da Bahia, Laboratório de Histologia e Embriologia, Cachoeira, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Tila Fortuna
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Hortência Resende Della Cella
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | | | - Rejane Conceição Santana
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Botelho Martins
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Processos Interativos dos Órgãos e Sistemas, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar de Reabilitação e Saúde, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
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Du M, Li F, Hu Y. A Uniform Design Method Can Optimize the Combinatorial Parameters of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy, Including the Concentrations of Methylene Blue and Potassium Iodide, Light Dose, and Methylene Blue's Incubation Time, to Improve Fungicidal Effects on Candida Species. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2557. [PMID: 37894215 PMCID: PMC10609332 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimal combinatorial parameters of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by methylene blue (MB) with the addition of potassium iodide (KI) against Candida species have never been defined. This study aimed to optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT, including the concentrations of MB (X1, 0.1-1.0 mM) and KI (X2, 100-400 mM), light dose (X3, 10-70 J/cm2), and MB's incubation time (X4, 5-35 min) for three Candida species. The best MB + KI-aPDT fungicidal effects (Y) against Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (YCa), Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019 (YCp), and Candida glabrata ATCC 2950 (YCg) were investigated using a uniform design method. The regression models deduced using this method were YCa = 7.126 + 1.199X1X3 - 1.742X12 + 0.206X22 - 0.361X32; YCp = 10.724 - 0.867X1 - 1.497X2 + 0.560X3 + 1.298X22; and YCg = 0.892 - 0.956X1 + 2.296X3 + 1.299X42 - 3.316X3X4. The optimal combinatorial parameters inferred from the regression equations were MB 0.1 mM, KI 400 mM, a light dose of 20 J/cm2, and a 5-minute incubation time of MB for Candida albicans; MB 0.1 mM, KI 400 mM, a light dose of 70 J/cm2, and a 5-minute incubation time of MB for Candida parapsilosis; MB 0.1 mM, KI 100 mM, a light dose of 10 J/cm2, and a 35-minute incubation time of MB for Candida glabrata. The uniform design method can optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT mediated by MB plus KI to obtain the best aPDT fungicidal effects on Candida species, providing a new method to optimize the combinatorial parameters of aPDT for different pathogens in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Du
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China;
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Yanwei Hu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510623, China;
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Sandberg E, Srambickal CV, Piguet J, Liu H, Widengren J. Local monitoring of photosensitizer transient states provides feedback for enhanced efficiency and targeting selectivity in photodynamic therapy. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16829. [PMID: 37803073 PMCID: PMC10558575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) fundamentally relies on local generation of PDT precursor states in added photosensitizers (PS), particularly triplet and photo-radical states. Monitoring these states in situ can provide important feedback but is difficult in practice. The states are strongly influenced by local oxygenation, pH and redox conditions, often varying significantly at PDT treatment sites. To overcome this problem, we followed local PDT precursor state populations of PS compounds, via their fluorescence intensity response to systematically varied excitation light modulation. Thereby, we could demonstrate local monitoring of PDT precursor states of methylene blue (MB) and IRdye700DX (IR700), and determined their transitions rates under different oxygenation, pH and redox conditions. By fiber-optics, using one fiber for both excitation and fluorescence detection, the triplet and photo-radical state kinetics of locally applied MB and IR700 could then be monitored in a tissue sample. Finally, potassium iodide and ascorbate were added as possible PDT adjuvants, enhancing intersystem crossing and photoreduction, respectively, and their effects on the PDT precursor states of MB and IR700 could be locally monitored. Taken together, the presented procedure overcomes current methodological limitations and can offer feedback, guiding both excitation and PDT adjuvant application, and thereby more efficient and targeted PDT treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sandberg
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Dept. Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova Univ Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chinmaya V Srambickal
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Dept. Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova Univ Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Piguet
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Dept. Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova Univ Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Haichun Liu
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Dept. Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova Univ Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jerker Widengren
- Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Dept. Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Albanova Univ Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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He L, Yang S, Xuan W, Zhen X, Qi Q, Qi Y, Li Q, Du M, Hamblin MR, Huang L. Phenylalanine-Arginine-β-Naphthylamide Enhances the Photobactericidal Effect of Methylene Blue on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2023; 41:569-575. [PMID: 37870413 PMCID: PMC10615054 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2023.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness, dosing sequence, concentration, and mechanism of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) using methylene blue (MB) plus phenylalanine-arginine-β-naphthylamide (PAβN) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: P. aeruginosa bacterial suspension was incubated with MB for different times (5-240 min), and then, 10 J/cm2 red light was irradiated. The efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) PAβN (10-100 μg/mL) was combined with MB (1-20 μM) in different sequences (PAβN-first, PAβN+MB, PAβN-after). Colony-forming units were then determined by serial dilution. Results: Using MB 10 μM plus 10 J/cm2, the killing effect of MB-aPDI on P. aeruginosa increased first and then decreased with longer incubation time. The killing effect of MB+PAβN-aPDI on P. aeruginosa was better than that of MB-aPDI (p < 0.05) by up to 2 logs. PAβN-first had the best killing effect, whereas PAβN-after had the worst killing effect. The killing effect increased with PAβN concentration and at 100 μg/mL reached 5.1 logs. Conclusions: The EPI PAβN enhanced the bactericidal effect of MB-aPDI on P. aeruginosa, especially when added before MB. It is proposed that MB is a substrate of the resistance-nodulation-division family efflux pump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shanlin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Weijun Xuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medical Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiumei Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qi Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yongqi Qi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingxiang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Meixia Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg–Doornfontein Campus, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Liyi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Chin JD, Zhao L, Mayberry TG, Cowan BC, Wakefield MR, Fang Y. Photodynamic Therapy, Probiotics, Acetic Acid, and Essential Oil in the Treatment of Chronic Wounds Infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1721. [PMID: 37376169 PMCID: PMC10301549 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a prevalent medical problem that burdens millions of patients across the world, chronic wounds pose a challenge to the healthcare system. These wounds, often existing as a comorbidity, are vulnerable to infections. Consequently, infections hinder the healing process and complicate clinical management and treatment. While antibiotic drugs remain a popular treatment for infected chronic wounds, the recent rise of antibiotic-resistant strains has hastened the need for alternative treatments. Future impacts of chronic wounds are likely to increase with aging populations and growing obesity rates. With the need for more effective novel treatments, promising research into various wound therapies has seen an increased demand. This review summarizes photodynamic therapy, probiotics, acetic acid, and essential oil studies as developing antibiotic-free treatments for chronic wounds infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clinicians may find this review informative by gaining a better understanding of the state of current research into various antibiotic-free treatments. Furthermore. this review provides clinical significance, as clinicians may seek to implement photodynamic therapy, probiotics, acetic acid, or essential oils into their own practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeson D. Chin
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of Hefei and Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230002, China
| | - Trenton G. Mayberry
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Braydon C. Cowan
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Mark R. Wakefield
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Pathology, Des Moines University, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
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Li Y, Sun G, Xie J, Xiao S, Lin C. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against oral biofilm: influencing factors, mechanisms, and combined actions with other strategies. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1192955. [PMID: 37362926 PMCID: PMC10288113 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1192955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral biofilms are a prominent cause of a wide variety of oral infectious diseases which are still considered as growing public health problems worldwide. Oral biofilms harbor specific virulence factors that would aggravate the infectious process and present resistance to some traditional therapies. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been proposed as a potential approach to eliminate oral biofilms via in situ-generated reactive oxygen species. Although numerous types of research have investigated the effectiveness of aPDT, few review articles have listed the antimicrobial mechanisms of aPDT on oral biofilms and new methods to improve the efficiency of aPDT. The review aims to summarize the virulence factors of oral biofilms, the progress of aPDT in various oral biofilm elimination, the mechanism mediated by aPDT, and combinatorial approaches of aPDT with other traditional agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Li
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Guanwen Sun
- Department of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Jingchan Xie
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Suli Xiao
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| | - Chen Lin
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
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11
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Sarabando SN, Dias CJ, Vieira C, Bartolomeu M, Neves MGPMS, Almeida A, Monteiro CJP, Faustino MAF. Sulfonamide Porphyrins as Potent Photosensitizers against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): The Role of Co-Adjuvants. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052067. [PMID: 36903314 PMCID: PMC10004250 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfonamides are a conventional class of antibiotics that are well-suited to combat infections. However, their overuse leads to antimicrobial resistance. Porphyrins and analogs have demonstrated excellent photosensitizing properties and have been used as antimicrobial agents to photoinactivate microorganisms, including multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. It is well recognized that the combination of different therapeutic agents might improve the biological outcome. In this present work, a novel meso-arylporphyrin and its Zn(II) complex functionalized with sulfonamide groups were synthesized and characterized and the antibacterial activity towards MRSA with and without the presence of the adjuvant KI was evaluated. For comparison, the studies were also extended to the corresponding sulfonated porphyrin TPP(SO3H)4. Photodynamic studies revealed that all porphyrin derivatives were effective in photoinactivating MRSA (>99.9% of reduction) at a concentration of 5.0 μM upon white light radiation with an irradiance of 25 mW cm-2 and a total light dose of 15 J cm-2. The combination of the porphyrin photosensitizers with the co-adjuvant KI during the photodynamic treatment proved to be very promising allowing a significant reduction in the treatment time and photosensitizer concentration by six times and at least five times, respectively. The combined effect observed for TPP(SO2NHEt)4 and ZnTPP(SO2NHEt)4 with KI seems to be due to the formation of reactive iodine radicals. In the photodynamic studies with TPP(SO3H)4 plus KI, the cooperative action was mainly due to the formation of free iodine (I2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia N. Sarabando
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cristina J. Dias
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Vieira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Bartolomeu
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carlos J. P. Monteiro
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.J.P.M.); (M.A.F.F.)
| | - Maria Amparo F. Faustino
- LAQV-Requimte and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.J.P.M.); (M.A.F.F.)
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12
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Bartolomeu M, Monteiro CJP, Fontes M, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Almeida A. Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms in different water matrices: The effect of physicochemical parameters on the treatment outcome. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 860:160427. [PMID: 36435255 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater (WW) insufficiently treated for the disinfection of microorganisms, including pathogenic ones, is a source of concern and a possible generator of public health problems. Traditional disinfection methods to reduce pathogens concentration (e.g., chlorination, ozonation, UV) are expensive, unsafe, and/or sometimes ineffective, highlighting the need for new disinfection technologies. The promising results of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) treatment to eradicate microorganisms suggest the efficacy of this treatment to improve WW quality. This work aimed to assess if PDI can be successfully extended to real contexts for the microbial inactivation in WW. For the first time, PDI experiments with 9 different water matrices compositions were performed to inquire about the influence of some of their physicochemical parameters on the effectiveness of microbial inactivation. Bacterial photoinactivation was tested in freshwater, aquaculture water, and seawater samples, as well as in influents and effluents samples from domestic, industrial, and a mixture of industrial and domestic WW receiving wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Additionally, PDI assays were performed in phosphate-buffered saline isotonic solution (PBS), used as an aqueous comparative matrix. To relate the PDI disinfection efficiency with the physicochemical compositions of the different used water matrices, a series of statistical analysis were performed, in order to support our main conclusions. Overall, the results showed that PDI is an effective and promising alternative to traditionally used WW disinfection methods, with a bacterial reduction of >3.0 log CFU/mL in all the water matrices within the first hour of PDI treatment, but also that the physicochemical composition of the aqueous matrices to be PDI-disinfected must be taken into account since they seem to influence the PDI efficacy, namely the pH, with acidic pH conditions seeming to be associated to a better PDI performance in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bartolomeu
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Carlos J P Monteiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Milton Fontes
- Águas do Centro Litoral (AdCL), 3030-410 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | | | | | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM & Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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13
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Gonzalez Lopez EJ, Santamarina SC, Alvarez MG, Heredia DA, Durantini EN. Porphycenes as broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizers. Potentiation with potassium iodide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Ebrahimi N, Afshinpour M, Fakhr SS, Kalkhoran PG, Shadman-Manesh V, Adelian S, Beiranvand S, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Khorram R, Hamblin MR, Aref AR. Cancer stem cells in colorectal cancer: Signaling pathways involved in stemness and therapy resistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2023; 182:103920. [PMID: 36702423 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2023.103920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third cause of cancer death worldwide. Although, in some cases, treatment can increase patient survival and reduce cancer recurrence, in many cases, tumors can develop resistance to therapy leading to recurrence. One of the main reasons for recurrence and therapy resistance is the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs possess a self-renewal ability, and their stemness properties lead to the avoidance of apoptosis, and allow a new clone of cancer cells to emerge. Numerous investigations inidicated the involvment of cellular signaling pathways in embryonic development, and growth, repair, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis, also participate in the generation and maintenance of stemness in colorectal CSCs. This review discusses the role of Wnt, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Sonic hedgehog, and Notch signaling pathways in colorectal CSCs, and the possible modulating drugs that could be used in treatment for resistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of cell and molecular & microbiology, Faculty of Science and technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maral Afshinpour
- Department of chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD, USA
| | - Siavash Seifollahy Fakhr
- Department of Biotechnology; Faculty of Applied Ecology, Agricultural Sciences and Biotechnology, Campus Hamar, Norway
| | - Paniz Ghasempour Kalkhoran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology_Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical science, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vida Shadman-Manesh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Adelian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sheida Beiranvand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Xsphera Biosciences, Translational Medicine Group, 6 Tide Street, Boston, MA 02210, USA.
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15
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Ramírez REH, Militello MP, Arbeloa EM, Lijanova IV. New Dendritic Porphyrins: Synthesis, Spectroscopic and Antibacterial Evaluation. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Monocationic Chlorin as a Promising Photosensitizer for Antitumor and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010061. [PMID: 36678690 PMCID: PMC9863232 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite substantial progress in the understanding of tumor biology, and the appearance of new generations of targeted drugs and treatment techniques, the success achieved in this battle, with some notable exceptions, is still only moderate. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a successful but still underestimated therapeutic modality for treating many superficial cancers. In this paper, we focus on the extensive investigation of the monocationic chlorin photosensitizer (PS), considered here as a new photosensitizing agent for both antitumor and antimicrobial PDT. This monocationic chlorin PS (McChl) obtained from methylpheophorbide a (MPh) via a two-step procedure is well soluble in water in the physiological temperature range and forms stable complexes with passive carriers. McChl generates singlet oxygen with a good quantum yield in a lipid-like environment and binds mainly to low- and high-density lipoproteins in a vascular system. A comparison of the photodynamic activity of this agent with the activity of the well-established photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Chl e6) clearly indicates that McChl provides a much more efficient photoinactivation of malignant and microbial cells. The pilot PDT treatment of M1 sarcoma-bearing rats with this PS demonstrates its good potential for further preclinical investigations.
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Trochowski M, Kobielusz M, Pucelik B, Dąbrowski JM, Macyk W. Dihydroxyanthraquinones as stable and cost-effective TiO2 photosensitizers for environmental and biomedical applications. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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Brenes-Alvarado A, Soto-Montero J, Farias-da-Silva FF, Benine-Warlet J, Ribeiro AF, Groppo FC, Steiner-Oliveira C. Does potassium iodide help in the microbial reduction of oral microcosm biofilms after photodynamic therapy with methylene blue and red laser? Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 40:103123. [PMID: 36115559 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.103123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of methylene blue (MB)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) doped with potassium iodide (KI) against oral microcosms biofilms cultured in dentin. METHODS A saliva-glycerol stock formed from pooled human saliva was diluted in McBain artificial saliva with 1% sucrose (1:1), inoculated on bovine dentin blocks, and refreshed daily for 5 days. The biofilms were divided (n = 9/group) and treated with 0.9% NaCl (C), 0.2% chlorhexidine (CX), 0.01% MB + low-power laser 15 J, 88 mW, 180 s (PL), and 0.01% MB + 50 mM KI + laser (PKIL). Serial dilution was performed, and cellular viability (CFU/mL) was evaluated for total microorganisms, total lactobacilli, total streptococci, and S. mutans. Additional biofilms were cultured and treated (n = 4) for biomass determination (%BMR). The microscopic structure of the biofilms was observed by SEM. One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests were conducted (α=5%). RESULTS Total microorganisms and total streptococci significantly reduced in biofilms treated with CX and PKIL when compared to C, but the CX, PKIL, and PL treatments did not differ from each other. Total lactobacilli and S. mutans showed a significant reduction in the CX, PL, and PKIL groups when compared to C, but with no difference between them. Biomass analysis showed a significantly reduction for CX and PKIL compared to C. SEM micrographs showed noticeable changes in bacterial membrane integrity for the PKIL and CX groups. CONCLUSION The addition of KI to methylene blue-mediated aPDT in microcosm biofilms was effective in reducing oral microorganisms, but the effect was group dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Brenes-Alvarado
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil; Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, Instalaciones Deportivas, Montes de Oca, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Jorge Soto-Montero
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Costa Rica, Instalaciones Deportivas, Montes de Oca, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - Felipe Fabrício Farias-da-Silva
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Juliana Benine-Warlet
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Andreza Ferraz Ribeiro
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Francisco Carlos Groppo
- Department of Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP 3414-903, Brazil
| | - Carolina Steiner-Oliveira
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Av. Limeira, 901 - Areião, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
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19
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Lebedeva NS, Yurina ES, Lubimtsev AV, Gubarev YA, Syrbu SA. Photooxidation of bovine serum albumin by cationic porphyrins and chlorins enhanced by potassium iodide. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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20
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Li Y, Du J, Huang S, Wang S, Wang Y, Lei L, Zhang C, Huang X. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Effect of Cross-Kingdom Microorganisms with Toluidine Blue O and Potassium Iodide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11373. [PMID: 36232675 PMCID: PMC9569606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) are prominent microbes associated with rapid and aggressive caries. In the present study, we investigated the antimicrobial efficacy, cytotoxicity, and mechanism of toluidine blue O (TBO)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and potassium iodide (KI). The dependence of KI concentration, TBO concentration and light dose on the antimicrobial effect of aPDT plus KI was determined. The cytotoxicity of TBO-mediated aPDT plus KI was analyzed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. A singlet oxygen (1O2) probe test, time-resolved 1O2 detection, and a 1O2 quencher experiment were performed to evaluate the role of 1O2 during aPDT plus KI. The generation of iodine and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were analyzed by an iodine starch test and Amplex red assay. The anti-biofilm effect of TBO-mediated aPDT plus KI was also evaluated by counting forming unit (CFU) assay. KI could potentiate TBO-mediated aPDT against S. mutans and C. albicans in planktonic and biofilm states, which was safe for human dental pulp cells. 1O2 measurement showed that KI could quench 1O2 signals, implicating that 1O2 may act as a principal mediator to oxidize excess iodide ions to form iodine and H2O2. KI could highly potentiate TBO-mediated aPDT in eradicating S. mutans and C. albicans due to the synergistic effect of molecular iodine and H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Li
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingyun Du
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shaofeng Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanhuang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lishan Lei
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chengfei Zhang
- Restorative Dental Sciences (Endodontics), Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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López-Fernández AM, Moisescu EE, de Llanos R, Galindo F. Development of a Polymeric Film Entrapping Rose Bengal and Iodide Anion for the Light-Induced Generation and Release of Bactericidal Hydrogen Peroxide. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710162. [PMID: 36077560 PMCID: PMC9478968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) thin films entrapping photosensitizer Rose Bengal (RB) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) have been synthetized. The materials have been characterized by means of Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and UV-vis Absorption spectroscopy. Irradiation of the materials with white light led to the generation of several bactericidal species, including singlet oxygen (1O2), triiodide anion (I3-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). 1O2 production was demonstrated spectroscopically by reaction with the chemical trap 2,2'-(anthracene-9,10-diylbis(methylene))dimalonic acid (ABDA). In addition, the reaction of iodide anion with 1O2 yielded I3- inside the polymeric matrix. This reaction is accompanied by the formation of H2O2, which diffuses out the polymeric matrix. Generation of both I3- and H2O2 was demonstrated spectroscopically (directly in the case of triiodide by the absorption at 360 nm and indirectly for H2O2 using the xylenol orange test). A series of photodynamic inactivation assays were conducted with the synthesized polymers against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Complete eradication (7 log10 CFU/mL) of both bacteria occurred after only 5 min of white light irradiation (400-700 nm; total energy dose 24 J/cm2) of the polymer containing both RB and TBAI. The control polymer without embedded iodide (only RB) showed only marginal reductions of ca. 0.5 log10 CFU/mL. The main novelty of the present investigation is the generation of three bactericidal species (1O2, I3- and H2O2) at the same time using a single polymeric material containing all the elements needed to produce such a bactericidal cocktail, although the most relevant antimicrobial activity is shown by H2O2. This experimental approach avoids multistep protocols involving a final step of addition of I-, as described previously for other assays in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. López-Fernández
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. V. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Evelina E. Moisescu
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. V. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
| | - Rosa de Llanos
- Unidad Predepartamental de Medicina, Universitat Jaume I, Av. V. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.d.L.); (F.G.)
| | - Francisco Galindo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. V. Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.d.L.); (F.G.)
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22
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Eckl DB, Landgraf N, Hoffmann AK, Eichner A, Huber H, Bäumler W. Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria in Ionic Environments Using the Photosensitizer SAPYR and the Chelator Citrate. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:716-731. [PMID: 36004389 DOI: 10.1111/php.13701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Many studies show that photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a powerful tool for the fight against pathogenic, multi-resistant bacteria and the closing of hygiene gaps. However, PDI studies have been frequently performed under standardized in vitro conditions comprising artificial laboratory settings. Under real life conditions, however, PDI encounters substances like ions, proteins, amino acids, and fatty acids, potentially hampering the efficacy PDI to an unpredictable extent. Thus, we investigated PDI with the phenalene-1-one based photosensitizer SAPYR against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the presence of calcium or magnesium ions, which are ubiquitous in potential fields of PDI applications like in tap water or on tissue surfaces. The addition of citrate should elucidate the potential as a chelator. The results indicate that PDI is clearly affected by such ubiquitous ions depending on its concentration and the type of bacteria. The application of citrate enhanced PDI especially for Gram-negative bacteria at certain ionic concentrations (e.g. CaCl2 or MgCl2 : 7.5 to 75 mmol l-1 ). Citrate also improved PDI efficacy in tap water (especially for Gram-negative bacteria) and synthetic sweat solution (especially for Gram-positive bacteria). In conclusion, the use of chelating agents like citrate may facilitate the application of PDI under real life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Eckl
- University of Regensburg, Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Centre, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg.,University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Dermatology, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg
| | - Nicole Landgraf
- University of Regensburg, Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Centre, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg
| | - Anja K Hoffmann
- University of Regensburg, Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Centre, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg
| | - Anja Eichner
- University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Dermatology, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg
| | - Harald Huber
- University of Regensburg, Institute for Microbiology and Archaea Centre, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg
| | - Wolfgang Bäumler
- University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Dermatology, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg
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Zong TX, Silveira AP, Morais JAV, Sampaio MC, Muehlmann LA, Zhang J, Jiang CS, Liu SK. Recent Advances in Antimicrobial Nano-Drug Delivery Systems. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12111855. [PMID: 35683711 PMCID: PMC9182179 DOI: 10.3390/nano12111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases are among the major health issues of the 21st century. The substantial use of antibiotics over the years has contributed to the dissemination of multidrug resistant bacteria. According to a recent report by the World Health Organization, antibacterial (ATB) drug resistance has been one of the biggest challenges, as well as the development of effective long-term ATBs. Since pathogens quickly adapt and evolve through several strategies, regular ATBs usually may result in temporary or noneffective treatments. Therefore, the demand for new therapies methods, such as nano-drug delivery systems (NDDS), has aroused huge interest due to its potentialities to improve the drug bioavailability and targeting efficiency, including liposomes, nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, and others. Given the relevance of this subject, this review aims to summarize the progress of recent research in antibacterial therapeutic drugs supported by nanobiotechnological tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Xin Zong
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (T.-X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Ariane Pandolfo Silveira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910900, Brazil; (A.P.S.); (J.A.V.M.); (M.C.S.)
| | | | - Marina Carvalho Sampaio
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910900, Brazil; (A.P.S.); (J.A.V.M.); (M.C.S.)
| | - Luis Alexandre Muehlmann
- Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 70910900, Brazil; (A.P.S.); (J.A.V.M.); (M.C.S.)
- Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 72220900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.A.M.); (C.-S.J.); (S.-K.L.)
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (T.-X.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Cheng-Shi Jiang
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (T.-X.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.A.M.); (C.-S.J.); (S.-K.L.)
| | - Shan-Kui Liu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China; (T.-X.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.A.M.); (C.-S.J.); (S.-K.L.)
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Kamat M, Moor K, Langlois G, Chen M, Parker KM, McNeill K, Snow SD. The Overlooked Photochemistry of Iodine in Aqueous Suspensions of Fullerene Derivatives. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8309-8317. [PMID: 35533084 PMCID: PMC9134498 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fullerene's low water solubility was a serious challenge to researchers aiming to harness their excellent photochemical properties for aqueous applications. Cationic functionalization of the fullerene cage provided the most effective approach to increase water solubility, but common synthesis practices inadvertently complicated the photochemistry of these systems by introducing iodide as a counterion. This problem was overlooked until recent work noted a potentiation effect which occurred when photosensitizers were used to inactivate microorganisms with added potassium iodide. In this work, several photochemical pathways were explored to determine the extent and underlying mechanisms of iodide's interference in the photosensitization of singlet oxygen by cationic fulleropyrrolidinium ions and rose bengal. Triplet excited state sensitizer lifetimes were measured via laser flash photolysis to probe the role of I- in triplet sensitizer quenching. Singlet oxygen production rates were compared across sensitizers in the presence or absence of I-, SO42-, and other anions. 3,5-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole was employed as a chemical probe for iodine radical species, such as I·, but none were observed in the photochemical systems. Molecular iodine and triiodide, however, were found in significant quantities when photosensitizers were irradiated in the presence of I- and O2. The formation of I2 in these photochemical systems calls into question the interpretations of prior studies that used I- as a counterion for photosensitizer materials. As an example, MS2 bacteriophages were inactivated here by cationic fullerenes with and without I- present, showing that I- moderately accelerated the MS2 deactivation, likely by producing I2. Production of I2 did not appear to be directly correlated with estimates of 1O2 concentration, suggesting that the relevant photochemical pathways are more complex than direct reactions between 1O2 and I- in the bulk solution. On the basis of the results here, iodine photochemistry may be underappreciated and misunderstood in other environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudan Kamat
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, 3255 Patrick Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Kyle Moor
- Utah
Water Research Laboratory, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Utah State University, 4110 Old Main Hill, Logan Utah 84322-4110, United States
- Department
of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielle Langlois
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, 3255 Patrick Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
| | - Moshan Chen
- Department
of Energy, Environmental, & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Kimberly M. Parker
- Department
of Energy, Environmental, & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Kristopher McNeill
- Department
of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Samuel D. Snow
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Louisiana State University, 3255 Patrick Taylor Hall, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, United States
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Applications of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy against Bacterial Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063209. [PMID: 35328629 PMCID: PMC8953781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and allied photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy have shown remarkable activity against bacterial pathogens in both planktonic and biofilm forms. There has been little or no resistance development against antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, recent developments in therapies that involve antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in combination with photothermal hyperthermia therapy, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, antibiotic chemotherapy and cold atmospheric pressure plasma therapy have shown additive and synergistic enhancement of its efficacy. This paper reviews applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and non-invasive combination therapies often used with it, including sonodynamic therapy and nanozyme enhanced photodynamic therapy. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm mechanisms are discussed. This review proposes that these technologies have a great potential to overcome the bacterial resistance associated with bacterial biofilm formation.
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Lebedeva NS, Koifman OI. Supramolecular Systems Based on Macrocyclic Compounds with Proteins: Application Prospects. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162022010071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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do Prado-Silva L, Brancini GT, Braga GÚ, Liao X, Ding T, Sant’Ana AS. Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (aPDT) as an innovative technology to control spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in agri-food products: An updated review. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pourhajibagher M, Pourakbari B, Bahador A. Contribution of antimicrobial photo-sonodynamic therapy in wound healing: an in vivo effect of curcumin-nisin-based poly (L-lactic acid) nanoparticle on Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:28. [PMID: 35039005 PMCID: PMC8762960 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02438-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biofilm-forming ability of Acinetobacter baumannii in the burn wound is clinically problematic due to the development of antibiotic-resistant characteristics, leading to new approaches for treatment being needed. In this study, antimicrobial photo-sonodynamic therapy (aPSDT) was used to assess the anti-biofilm efficacy and wound healing activity in mice with established A. baumannii infections. METHODS Following synthesis and confirmation of Curcumin-Nisin-based poly (L-lactic acid) nanoparticle (CurNisNp), its cytotoxic and release times were evaluated. After determination of the sub-significant reduction (SSR) doses of CurNisNp, irradiation time of light, and ultrasound intensity against A. baumannii, anti-biofilm activity and the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation were evaluated. The antibacterial and anti-virulence effects, as well as, histopathological examination of the burn wound sites of treated mice by CurNisNp-mediated aPSDTSSR were assessed and compared with silver sulfadiazine (SSD) as the standard treatment group. RESULTS The results showed that non-cytotoxic CurNisNp has a homogeneous surface and a sphere-shaped vesicle with continuous release until the 14th day. The dose-dependent reduction in cell viability of A. baumannii was achieved by increasing the concentrations of CurNisNp, irradiation time of light, and ultrasound intensity. There was a time-dependent reduction in biofilm growth, changes in gene expression, and promotion in wound healing by the acceleration of skin re-epithelialization in mice. Not only there was no significant difference between aPSDTSSR and SSD groups in antibacterial and anti-virulence activities, but also wound healing and re-epithelialization occurred more efficiently in aPSDTSSR than in the SSD group. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, CurNisNp-mediated aPSDT might be a promising complementary approach to treat burn wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Pourhajibagher
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Pourakbari
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran.
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Kashef N, Hamblin MR. In Vivo Potentiation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in a Mouse Model of Fungal Infection by Addition of Potassium Iodide. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:621-630. [PMID: 35505038 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) involves the use of a nontoxic dye or photosensitizer excited with visible light to produce reactive oxygen species that can kill all classes of microorganisms. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be used in vivo as an alternative therapeutic strategy to treat localized infections due to its ability to selectively kill microbes while preserving host mammalian cells. aPDI can be potentiated by the addition of the nontoxic inorganic salt potassium iodide (KI). KI is an approved drug for antifungal therapy. The mechanism of potentiation with iodide is likely to be singlet oxygen addition to iodide to form iodine radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and molecular iodine. A previous chapter in this volume described potentiation of aPDI in vitro by addition of KI, while in this chapter we address the ability of KI to potentiate aPDT in vivo using an animal model of localized fungal infection. We employed oral candidiasis in immunosuppressed mice caused by a bioluminescent strain of Candida albicans and monitored by bioluminescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Kashef
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa.
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Kashef N, Hamblin MR. In Vitro Potentiation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation by Addition of Potassium Iodide. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:607-619. [PMID: 35505037 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current increase in antibiotic resistance worldwide and the emergence of microbial strains that are resistant to all known antibiotics have stimulated research into novel strategies such as aPDI that are thought to be unlikely to lead to the development of resistance. Although many studies have reported in vitro aPDI killing of microorganisms by a range of different photosensitizers, there are still limitations to the effectiveness of aPDI, and recurrence of bacterial growth may occur in animal studies after completion of the illumination. In this chapter we cover a novel and relatively simple method to improve the efficacy of aPDI against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli, and fungal yeast Candida albicans by the addition of potassium iodide, a nontoxic inorganic salt. Under some circumstances up to six-logs additional killing can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Kashef
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa.
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Kustov AV, Smirnova NL, Privalov OA, Moryganova TM, Strelnikov AI, Morshnev PK, Koifman OI, Lyubimtsev AV, Kustova TV, Berezin DB. Transurethral Resection of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Tumors Combined with Fluorescence Diagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy with Chlorin e 6-Type Photosensitizers. J Clin Med 2021; 11:233. [PMID: 35011974 PMCID: PMC8745686 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a common disease with a high recurrence rate. In order to improve the treatment of superficial bladder tumors, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of transurethral resection (TURB) followed by fluorescence diagnosis (FD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chlorin e6 photosensitizers (PSs), viz. "Fotoran e6" and "Fotoditazin". It was found that both PSs generated singlet oxygen and revealed moderate affinity toward the lipid-like compartment. Between November 2018 and October 2020, 12 patients with verified non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) were treated by TURB combined with FD and PDT. Eight patients received "Fotoran e6" intravenously, while four patients received intravesical PSs. The patient ages were between 31 and 79 years, with a median age of 64.5 years (mean 61.3 ± 14.2). The total light dose was 150 J/cm2 for the local irradiation of the tumor bed with a red light at the λ = 660 nm wavelength, and 10-25 J/cm2 were additionally delivered for diffuse irradiation of the entire bladder mucosa. At the median follow-up period of 24 months (mean 24.5 ± 5.4 months, range 16-35 months), 11 patients remained tumor-free. One 79-year-old patient developed a recurrence without progression to the muscle layer. This pilot study shows that the TURB + FD + PDT technique is an effective and safe option for the first-line treatment of superficial bladder tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Kustov
- United Physicochemical Centre of Solutions, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISC RAS), 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (N.L.S.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Nataliya L. Smirnova
- United Physicochemical Centre of Solutions, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISC RAS), 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (N.L.S.); (P.K.M.)
| | - Oleg A. Privalov
- Ivanovo Regional Clinical Hospital (IRCH), 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.A.P.); (T.M.M.); (A.I.S.)
| | - Tatyana M. Moryganova
- Ivanovo Regional Clinical Hospital (IRCH), 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.A.P.); (T.M.M.); (A.I.S.)
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Urology, Ivanovo State Medical Academy (ISMA), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Strelnikov
- Ivanovo Regional Clinical Hospital (IRCH), 153000 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.A.P.); (T.M.M.); (A.I.S.)
- Department of Faculty Surgery and Urology, Ivanovo State Medical Academy (ISMA), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia
| | - Philipp K. Morshnev
- United Physicochemical Centre of Solutions, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISC RAS), 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (N.L.S.); (P.K.M.)
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Oscar I. Koifman
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Alex V. Lyubimtsev
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Tatyana V. Kustova
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
| | - Dmitry B. Berezin
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.I.K.); (A.V.L.); (T.V.K.); (D.B.B.)
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Youf R, Müller M, Balasini A, Thétiot F, Müller M, Hascoët A, Jonas U, Schönherr H, Lemercier G, Montier T, Le Gall T. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Latest Developments with a Focus on Combinatory Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1995. [PMID: 34959277 PMCID: PMC8705969 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a fundamental tool in modern therapeutics, notably due to the expanding versatility of photosensitizers (PSs) and the numerous possibilities to combine aPDT with other antimicrobial treatments to combat localized infections. After revisiting the basic principles of aPDT, this review first highlights the current state of the art of curative or preventive aPDT applications with relevant clinical trials. In addition, the most recent developments in photochemistry and photophysics as well as advanced carrier systems in the context of aPDT are provided, with a focus on the latest generations of efficient and versatile PSs and the progress towards hybrid-multicomponent systems. In particular, deeper insight into combinatory aPDT approaches is afforded, involving non-radiative or other light-based modalities. Selected aPDT perspectives are outlined, pointing out new strategies to target and treat microorganisms. Finally, the review works out the evolution of the conceptually simple PDT methodology towards a much more sophisticated, integrated, and innovative technology as an important element of potent antimicrobial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaëlle Youf
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Max Müller
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Ali Balasini
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (A.B.); (U.J.)
| | - Franck Thétiot
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 6521, Université de Brest (UBO), CS 93837, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Mareike Müller
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Alizé Hascoët
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Ulrich Jonas
- Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (A.B.); (U.J.)
| | - Holger Schönherr
- Physical Chemistry I & Research Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and (Bio)Technology of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering (Cμ), Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, 57076 Siegen, Germany; (M.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Gilles Lemercier
- Coordination Chemistry Team, Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 7312, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, CEDEX 2, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Tristan Montier
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
- CHRU de Brest, Service de Génétique Médicale et de Biologie de la Reproduction, Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares Maladies Neuromusculaires, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Tony Le Gall
- Univ Brest, INSERM, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB-GTCA, F-29200 Brest, France; (R.Y.); (A.H.); (T.M.)
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Abstract
Current strategies of combating bacterial infections are limited and involve the use of antibiotics and preservatives. Each of these agents has generally inadequate efficacy and a number of serious adverse effects. Thus, there is an urgent need for new antimicrobial drugs and food preservatives with higher efficacy and lower toxicity. Edible plants have been used in medicine since ancient times and are well known for their successful antimicrobial activity. Often photosensitizers are present in many edible plants; they could be a promising source for a new generation of drugs and food preservatives. The use of photodynamic therapy allows enhancement of antimicrobial properties in plant photosensitizers. The purpose of this review is to present the verified data on the antimicrobial activities of photodynamic phytochemicals in edible species of the world’s flora, including the various mechanisms of their actions.
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Potassium iodide enhances inactivation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with red laser. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 37:102622. [PMID: 34775066 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of potassium iodide (KI) addition on antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) mediated by red laser (λ = 660 nm) and methylene blue in Streptococcus mutans biofilm model. METHODS S. mutans biofilms were cultured in 96-well plates containing BHI broth with 1% sucrose for 18 h, 10% CO2 and 37°C and divided in groups (n = 3, in triplicate): C (NaCl 0.9%); CX (0.2% chlorhexidine); P (photosensitizer); KI (10, 25 and 50 mM); PKI (10, 25 and 50 mM); L (L 1: : 100 J/cm2, 9 J; L2: 200 J/cm2, 18 J); PL (photosensitizer + L1 or L2); KIL (KI at 10, 25 and 50 mM + L1 or L2); and PKIL (photosensitizer + 10, 25 and 50 mM KI + L1 or L2). Biofilms were submitted to three pre-irradiation (PI) times (5, 10, and 15 min). After the treatments, microbial counting's reduction was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunn's tests, respectively, and the interaction between light parameters and the PI times by two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). RESULTS The S. mutans viability significantly reduced in all aPDT groups, in the presence or absence of KI (p < 0.05). For all PI times, PKIL groups (10, 25, and 50 mM) significantly differed from PL groups (p < 0.05) with a reduction of 9.0 logs reached at 50 mM of KI with 15 min of PI, irradiated at 18 J. We found no significant interaction between PI time and irradiation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Addition KI to TFDA mediated by methylene blue and red laser promoted an additional effect in reducing the microbial viability of S. mutans biofilm.
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Ghasemi M, Khorsandi K, Kianmehr Z. Photodynamic inactivation with curcumin and silver nanoparticles hinders Pseudomonas aeruginosa planktonic and biofilm formation: evaluation of glutathione peroxidase activity and ROS production. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:149. [PMID: 34379214 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria result in high mortality in the world. Therefore, it is necessary to find new methods as alternative antibacterial agents that decline bacterial resistance and limit the spread of serious infectious bacterial diseases. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a non-invasive strategy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. aPDT contains the combination of non-toxic dyes with harmless visible light to create reactive oxygen species (ROS) that selectively lead to microbial cell death. Curcumin and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have antibacterial properties. In this study, the aPDT with curcumin plus AgNPs as photosensitizers on planktonic and biofilm forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated. Also, the phototoxicity effect of curcumin and AgNPs on human fibroblast cells was studied. Finally, the ROS formation and the glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity were evaluated. The results showed that the use of curcumin in combination with AgNPs then aPDT reduced the number of bacteria in planktonic and biofilm forms. Curcumin and AgNPs did not show any significant photocytotoxic effect against human normal fibroblast. Finally, the GPx activity was decreased in presence of curcumin in combination with AgNPs then aPDT compared to control. The ROS production in curcumin plus AgNPs then aPDT was higher than the control group. Therefore, curcumin-aPDT plus AgNPs could be suggested as novel strategies in treating multi-drug-resistant bacteria such as P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrangiz Ghasemi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khatereh Khorsandi
- Department of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, ACECR, Yara Institute, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Kianmehr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Garin C, Alejo T, Perez-Laguna V, Prieto M, Mendoza G, Arruebo M, Sebastian V, Rezusta A. Chalcogenide nanoparticles and organic photosensitizers for synergetic antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6246-6259. [PMID: 34328492 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00972a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synergistic antimicrobial effects were observed for copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles together with indocyanine green (ICG) in the elimination of wild type pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) and also opportunistic fungal infective yeast (Candida albicans ATCC 10231). Furthermore, large antibacterial effects were observed for clinical isolates of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) PFGE strain-type USA300. This efficient antimicrobial action was attributed to the combined extra- and intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species upon light irradiation. Instead of the use of visible-light for the activation of common photosensitizers, both ICG and CuS nanoparticles can be activated in the near infrared (NIR)-region of the electromagnetic spectrum and therefore, superior tissue penetration would be expected in a potential elimination of pathogenic microorganisms not only on the skin but also in the soft tissue. In the different bacteria studied a 3-log reduction in the bacterial counts was achieved after only 6 min of NIR irradiation and treatment with ICG or CuS alone at concentrations of 40 and 160 µg mL-1, respectively. A maximum bactericidal effect against S. aureus and USA300 strains was obtained for the combination of both photosensitizers at the same concentration. Regarding P. aeruginosa, a 4-log reduction in the CFU was observed for the combination of CuS and ICG at various concentrations. In Candida albicans the combination of both ICG and CuS and light irradiation showed an antimicrobial dose-dependent effect with the reduction of at least 3-log in the cell counts for the combination of ICG + CuS at reduced concentrations. The observed antimicrobial effect was solely attributed to a photodynamic effect and any photothermal effect was avoided to discard any potential thermal injury in a potential clinical application. The generation of reactive oxygen species upon near infrared-light irradiation for those photosensitizers used was measured either alone or in combination. The cytocompatibility of the proposed materials at the doses used in photodynamic therapy was also demonstrated in human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes by cell culturing and flow cytometry studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Garin
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain.
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Bartolomeu M, Oliveira C, Pereira C, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Almeida A. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Approach in the Inactivation of Viruses in Wastewater: Influence of Alternative Adjuvants. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:767. [PMID: 34202496 PMCID: PMC8300698 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic viruses are frequently present in marine and estuarine waters, due to poor wastewater (WW) treatments, which consequently affect water quality and human health. Chlorination, one of the most common methods used to ensure microbiological safety in tertiarily treated effluents, may lead to the formation of toxic chemical disinfection by-products on reaction with organic matter present in the effluents. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) can be a promising disinfecting approach for the inactivation of pathogens, without the formation of known toxic by-products. Additionally, some studies have reported the potentiator effect on aPDT of some compounds, such as potassium iodide (KI) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). In the present study, the aPDT efficiency of a PS formulation constituted of five cationic porphyrins (Form) in the inactivation of E. coli T4-like bacteriophage, a model of mammalian viruses, in different aqueous matrices with different organic matter content, was evaluated. Photoinactivation studies were performed at different concentrations of Form and in the presence of the adjuvants KI and H2O2. The results showed that the efficiency of bacteriophage photoinactivation is correlated with the Form concentration, the amount of the organic matter in WW, and the adjuvant type. Form can be an effective alternative to controlling viruses in WW, particularly if combined with H2O2, allowing to significantly reduce PS concentration and treatment time. When combined with KI, the Form is less effective in inactivating T4-like bacteriophage in WW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bartolomeu
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.B.); (C.O.); (C.P.)
| | - Cristiana Oliveira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.B.); (C.O.); (C.P.)
| | - Carla Pereira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.B.); (C.O.); (C.P.)
| | | | - M. Amparo F. Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.B.); (C.O.); (C.P.)
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Du M, Xuan W, Zhen X, He L, Lan L, Yang S, Wu N, Qin J, Zhao R, Qin J, Lan J, Lu H, Liang C, Li Y, R Hamblin M, Huang L. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for oral Candida infection in adult AIDS patients: A pilot clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102310. [PMID: 33901690 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using methylene blue (MB) plus potassium iodide (KI) has been shown to be effective in killing Candida albicans in many in vitro and in vivo studies, however, there are limited reports of clinical investigations. This study aimed to explore the clinical application of aPDT with MB plus KI for the treatment of oral infection caused by C. albicans in adult acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. METHODS A total of 21 adult AIDS patients with C. albicans oral candidiasis were divided into two groups according to MB concentration and received two consecutive aPDT treatments. Immediately before and after the aPDT treatments, C. albicans yeast isolates were recovered to measure the colony-forming units per mL (CFU/mL), biofilm formation, and to analyze the 25S rDNA genotype. Patients were assessed for the clinical recovery of oral lesions and improvement of symptoms. RESULTS The Log10 CFU/mL of C. albicans decreased significantly after the second aPDT but not the first aPDT. There was no significant difference between the two MB concentrations. Both aPDT protocols decreased the oral lesions and clinical symptoms with no significant difference after 2-fraction aPDT. The biofilm formation of C. albicans isolates did not change before and after aPDT. The killing efficiency of 2-fraction-aPDT was not associated with either biofilm formation or 25S rDNA genotype. CONCLUSIONS Two-fraction-aPDT with MB plus KI could reduce the number of viable C. albicans fungal cells and improve the clinical symptoms of oral candidiasis in adult AIDS patients, regardless of the biofilm formation or 25S rDNA genotype of infected C. albicans isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixia Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Weijun Xuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Guangxi International Zhuang Medical Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530201, China
| | - Xiumei Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Lixia He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Lina Lan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Shanlin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Nianning Wu
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jinmei Qin
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jianglong Qin
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Jian Lan
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Huan Lu
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Cuijin Liang
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- Fourth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi, 530023, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Liyi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China.
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Cationic zinc (II) phthalocyanine nanoemulsions for photodynamic inactivation of resistant bacterial strains. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102301. [PMID: 33894372 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing emergence of microbial resistance to antibiotics represents a worldwide challenge. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) has been introduced as an alternative technique, especially when combined with nanotechnology. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the therapeutic merits of combined aPDI and nanoemulsion in infections caused by resistant bacterial strains. METHODS Cationic zinc (II) phthalocyanine nanoemulsions (ZnPc-NE) were prepared using isopropyl myristate (IPM) as oil phase, egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) as emulsifier, and N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Nanoemulsions were characterized for particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, viscosity, and skin deposition. The in-vitro aPDI was investigated on human resistant pathogens; gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and gram-negative Multidrug-resistant strain of Escherichia coli (MDR E. coli), under different experimental conditions. In addition, in-vivo model of abrasion wound infected by MDR E. coli was induced in rats to investigate the therapeutic potential of the selected formulation. RESULTS It was evident that the selected ZnPc formulation (20 % IPM, 2 % egg PC and 0.5 % CTAB) displayed a particle size of 209.9 nm, zeta potential +73.1 mV, and 23.66 % deposition of ZnPc in skin layers. Furthermore, the selected formulation combined with light achieved almost 100 % eradication of the two bacterial strains, with superior bacterial load reduction and wound healing propertiesin-vivo, compared to either the nanoemulsion formulation or laser alone. CONCLUSION ZnPc nanoemulsion improved antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in inactivating resistant bacterial infections and provided a promising therapeutic means of treating serious infections, and hence could be applied in diseases caused by other bacterial strains.
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Agazzi ML, Durantini JE, Quiroga ED, Alvarez MG, Durantini EN. A novel tricationic fullerene C 60 as broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizer: mechanisms of action and potentiation with potassium iodide. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:327-341. [PMID: 33721278 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel amphiphilic photosensitizing agent based on a tricationic fullerene C60 (DMC603+) was efficiently synthesized from its non-charged analogue MMC60. These fullerenes presented strong UV absorptions, with a broad range of less intense absorption up to 710 nm. Both compounds showed low fluorescence emission and were able to photosensitize the production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, photodecomposition of L-tryptophan sensitized by both fullerenes indicated an involvement of type II pathway. DMC603+ was an effective agent to produce the photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Mechanistic insight indicated that the photodynamic action sensitized by DMC603+ was mainly mediated by both photoprocesses in bacteria, while a greater preponderance of the type II pathway was found in C. albicans. In presence of potassium iodide, a potentiation of PDI was observed due to the formation of reactive iodine species. Therefore, the amphiphilic DMC603+ can be used as an effective potential broad-spectrum antimicrobial photosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano L Agazzi
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Javier E Durantini
- IITEMA-CONICET Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel D Quiroga
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M Gabriela Alvarez
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas Y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Castro KADF, Costa LD, Prandini JA, Biazzotto JC, Tomé AC, Hamblin MR, da Graça P M S Neves M, Faustino MAF, da Silva RS. The Photosensitizing Efficacy of Micelles Containing a Porphyrinic Photosensitizer and KI against Resistant Melanoma Cells. Chemistry 2021; 27:1990-1994. [PMID: 33185284 PMCID: PMC7921759 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202004389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative to overcome the resistance of melanoma to conventional therapies. Currently applied photosensitizers (PS) are often based on tetrapyrrolic macrocycles like porphyrins. Unfortunately, in some cases the use of this type of derivative is limited due to their poor solubility in the biological environment. Feasible approaches to surpass this drawback are based on lipid formulations. Besides that, and inspired in the efficacy of potassium iodide (KI) for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), the combined effect of singlet oxygen (1 O2 ) with KI was assessed in this work, as an alternative strategy to potentiate the effect of PDT against resistant melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A D F Castro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of, Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Letícia D Costa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Juliana A Prandini
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of, Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Biazzotto
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of, Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | | | - M Amparo F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Roberto S da Silva
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of, Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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do Prado-Silva L, Gomes ATPC, Mesquita MQ, Neri-Numa IA, Pastore GM, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Almeida A, Braga GÚL, Sant'Ana AS. Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment as an alternative approach for Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris inactivation. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108803. [PMID: 32798958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a cause of major concern for the orange juice industry due to its thermal and chemical resistance, as well as its spoilage potential. A. acidoterrestris spoilage of orange juice is due to off-flavor taints from guaiacol production and some halophenols. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial Photodynamic Treatment (aPDT) as an emerging technology to inactivate the spores of A. acidoterrestris. The aPDT efficiency towards A. acidoterrestris was evaluated using as photosensitizers the tetracationic porphyrin (Tetra-Py+-Me) and the phenothiazinium dye new methylene blue (NMB) in combination with white light-emitting diode (LED; 400-740 nm; 65-140 mW/cm2). The spores of A. acidoterrestris were cultured on YSG agar plates (pH 3.7 ± 0.1) at 45 °C for 28 days and submitted to the aPDT with Tetra-Py+-Me and NMB at 10 μM in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in combination with white light (140 mW/cm2). The use of Tetra-Py+-Me at 10 μM resulted in a 7.3 ± 0.04 log reduction of the viability of A. acidoterrestris spores. No reductions in the viability of this bacterium were observed with NMB at 10 μM. Then, the aPDT with Tetra-Py+-Me and NMB at 10 μM in orange juice (UHT; pH 3.9; 11°Brix) alone and combined with potassium iodide (KI) was evaluated. The presence of KI was able to potentiate the aPDT process in orange juice, promoting the inactivation of 5 log CFU/mL of A. acidoterrestris spores after 10 h of white light exposition (140 mW/cm2). However, in the absence of KI, both photosensitizers did not promote a significant reduction in the spore viability. The inactivation of A. acidoterrestris spores artificially inoculated in orange peels (105 spores/mL) was also assessed using Tetra-Py+-Me at 10 and 50 μM in the presence and absence of KI in combination with white light (65 mW/cm2). No significant reductions were observed (p < .05) when Tetra-Py+-Me was used at 10 μM, however at the highest concentration (50 μM) a significant spore reduction (≈ 2.8 log CFU/mL reductions) in orange peels was observed after 6 h of sunlight exposition (65 mW/cm2). Although the color, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant capacity of orange juice and peel (only color evaluation) seem to have been affected by light exposition, the impact on the visual and nutritional characteristics of the products remains inconclusive so far. Besides that, the results found suggest that aPDT can be a potential method for the reduction of A. acidoterrestris spores on orange groves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo do Prado-Silva
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Q Mesquita
- Department of Chemistry and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iramaia A Neri-Numa
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia M Pastore
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria G P M S Neves
- Department of Chemistry and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Ú L Braga
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Lopes MM, Bartolomeu M, Gomes ATPC, Figueira E, Pinto R, Reis L, Balcão VM, Faustino MAF, Neves MGPMS, Almeida A. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in the Control of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Transmission by Kiwifruit Pollen. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1022. [PMID: 32664270 PMCID: PMC7409219 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is a phytopathogen responsible for bacterial canker in kiwifruit plants and can be disseminated through pollen. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in the inactivation of Psa on kiwifruit pollen using New Methylene Blue (NMB) and Methylene Blue (MB) in the presence/absence of potassium iodide (KI). Pollen germination assays were also performed to evaluate if it was affected by aPDT. Higher reduction of Psa was achieved using NMB (5.0 μM) combined with KI (100 mM) in vitro (ca. 8 log CFU mL-1 after 90 min of irradiation), while NMB alone promoted a lower reduction (3.7 log CFU mL-1). The most efficient NMB concentration with KI was used to study the photodynamic efficiency of MB (5.0 μM). MB with KI photo-inactivated Psa more efficiently than NMB, causing the same bacterial reduction (ca. 8 log CFU mL-1) in half the irradiation time (45 min). Therefore, MB was selected for the subsequent ex vivo aPDT assays in pollen. Almost all the Psa cells added artificially to the pollen (3.2 log CFU mL-1) were photo-inactivated (3.1 log CFU mL-1), whereas aPDT had a low effect on pollen natural microorganisms. When KI was added, a significant increase in aPDT effectiveness was observed (4.5 log CFU mL-1). No negative effects were observed in the pollen germination after aPDT. The results show aPDT is an effective and safe method to Psa inactivation on kiwifruit pollen, and MB use is a promising alternative in the control of Psa transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida M Lopes
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Bartolomeu
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pinto
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Luís Reis
- APK-Associação Portuguesa de Kiwicultores, 4520-249 Santa Maria da Feira, Portugal
| | - Victor M Balcão
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- PhageLab-Laboratory of Biofilms and Bacteriophages, University of Sorocaba, 18023-000 Sorocaba/SP, Brazil
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Graça P M S Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Castro KADF, Brancini GTP, Costa LD, Biazzotto JC, Faustino MAF, Tomé AC, Neves MGPMS, Almeida A, Hamblin MR, da Silva RS, Braga GÚL. Efficient photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans by porphyrin and potassium iodide co-encapsulation in micelles. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:1063-1071. [PMID: 32613213 DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation of bacterial and fungal pathogens is a promising alternative to the extensive use of conventional single-target antibiotics and antifungal agents. The combination of photosensitizers and adjuvants can improve the photodynamic inactivation efficiency. In this regard, it has been shown that the use of potassium iodide (KI) as adjuvant increases pathogen killing. Following our interest in this topic, we performed the co-encapsulation of a neutral porphyrin photosensitizer (designated as P1) and KI into micelles and tested the obtained nanoformulations against the human pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. The results of this study showed that the micelles containing P1 and KI displayed a better photodynamic performance towards C. albicans than P1 and KI in solution. It is noteworthy that higher concentrations of KI within the micelles resulted in increased killing of C. albicans. Subcellular localization studies by confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed that P1 was localized in the cell cytoplasm, but not in the nuclei or mitochondria. Overall, our results show that a nanoformulation containing a photosensitizer plus an adjuvant is a promising approach for increasing the efficiency of photodynamic treatment. Actually, the use of this strategy allows a considerable decrease in the amount of both photosensitizer and adjuvant required to achieve pathogen killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A D F Castro
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Guilherme T P Brancini
- Departamento Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Facuidade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Leticia D Costa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Juliana C Biazzotto
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - M Amparo F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M Graca P M S Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 02114, Boston, MA, USA.,Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, 2028, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Roberto S da Silva
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacéuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto Ú L Braga
- Departamento Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Facuidade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas de Ribeirao Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
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Eddahmi M, Sousa V, Moura NMM, Dias CJ, Bouissane L, Faustino MAF, Cavaleiro JAS, Gomes ATPC, Almeida A, Neves MGPMS, Mostapha Rakib E. New nitroindazole-porphyrin conjugates: Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial properties. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103994. [PMID: 32569896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of new porphyrin-indazole hybrids by a Knoevenagel condensation of 2-formyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin and N-methyl-nitroindazolylacetonitrile derivatives is reported. The target compounds were isolated in moderate to good yields (32-57%) and some of the isolated porphyrin-indazole conjugates showed good performance in the generation of singlet oxygen when irradiated with visible light. Their efficiency as photosensitizers in the photoinactivation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus-MRSA was evaluated. All derivatives showed to be able to photoinactivate the MRSA bacteria. Compound 3a appears to be the most promising photosensitiser (PS) in the photoinactivation of these bacteria, despite being the least efficient in singlet oxygen generation. The addition of potassium iodide (KI) significantly potentiated the antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) process mediated by all the analysed porphyrin-indazole conjugates. The combined action of nitroindazole-porphyrins with potassium iodide (KI) action appears to be promising in the photoinactivation of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Eddahmi
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Vera Sousa
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno M M Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristina J Dias
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Latifa Bouissane
- Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - José A S Cavaleiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco.
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria G P M S Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - El Mostapha Rakib
- Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco.
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Gamelas SRD, Gomes ATPC, Faustino MAF, Tomé AC, Tomé JPC, Almeida A, Lourenço LMO. Photoinactivation of Escherichia coli with Water-Soluble Ammonium-Substituted Phthalocyanines. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4044-4051. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara R. D. Gamelas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana T. P. C. Gomes
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Augusto C. Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João P. C. Tomé
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Leandro M. O. Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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47
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Braz M, Salvador D, Gomes AT, Mesquita MQ, Faustino MAF, Neves MGP, Almeida A. Photodynamic inactivation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus on skin using a porphyrinic formulation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 30:101754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Maisch
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Medical Center Regensburg Regensburg Germany
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49
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Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Oxygen-Independent Antimicrobial Photoinactivation: Type III Photochemical Mechanism? Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9020053. [PMID: 32023978 PMCID: PMC7168166 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the early work of the 1900s it has been axiomatic that photodynamic action requires the presence of sufficient ambient oxygen. The Type I photochemical pathway involves electron transfer reactions leading to the production of reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals), while the Type II pathway involves energy transfer from the PS (photosensitizer) triplet state, leading to production of reactive singlet oxygen. The purpose of the present review is to highlight the possibility of oxygen-independent photoinactivation leading to the killing of pathogenic bacteria, which may be termed the "Type III photochemical pathway". Psoralens can be photoactivated by ultraviolet A (UVA) light to produce DNA monoadducts and inter-strand cross-links that kill bacteria and may actually be more effective in the absence of oxygen. Tetracyclines can function as light-activated antibiotics, working by a mixture of oxygen-dependent and oxygen independent pathways. Again, covalent adducts may be formed in bacterial ribosomes. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation can be potentiated by addition of several different inorganic salts, and in the case of potassium iodide and sodium azide, bacterial killing can be achieved in the absence of oxygen. The proposed mechanism involves photoinduced electron transfer that produces reactive inorganic radicals. These new approaches might be useful to treat anaerobic infections or infections in hypoxic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
- Correspondence:
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa;
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50
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Yuan L, Lyu P, Huang YY, Du N, Qi W, Hamblin MR, Wang Y. Potassium iodide enhances the photobactericidal effect of methylene blue on Enterococcus faecalis as planktonic cells and as biofilm infection in teeth. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 203:111730. [PMID: 31855718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effectiveness, biosafety, photobleaching and mechanism of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using methylene blue (MB) plus potassium iodide (KI), for root canal infections. METHODS Different combinations and concentrations of MB, KI and 660 nm LED light were used against E. faecalis in planktonic and in biofilm states by colony-forming unit (CFU), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) were used for safety testing by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and fluorescence microscopy (FLM). The photobleaching effect and mechanisms were analyzed. RESULTS KI could not only enhance MB aPDT on E. faecalis in both planktonic and biofilm states even in a hypoxic environment, but also produced a long-lasting bactericidal effect after end of the illumination. KI could accelerate photobleaching to reduce tooth staining by MB, and the mixture was harmless for HGFs. Mechanistic studies showed the generation of hydrogen peroxide and free iodine, and iodine radicals may be formed in hypoxia. CONCLUSION aPDT with MB plus KI could be used for root canal disinfection and clinical studies are worth pursuing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintian Yuan
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Peijun Lyu
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ning Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Qi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China; Department of General Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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