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Wang X, Mijiti W, Yi Z, Jia Q, Ma J, Xie Z. Immunomodulatory effects of hydatid antigens on mesenchymal stem cells: gene expression alterations and functional consequences. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1381401. [PMID: 38655088 PMCID: PMC11035891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1381401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic echinococcosis, caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, remains a global health challenge. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are renowned for their regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Given the parasite's mode of establishment, we postulate that MSCs likely play a pivotal role in the interaction between the parasite and the host. This study aims to explore the response of MSCs to antigens derived from Echinococcus granulosus, the etiological agent of hydatid disease, with the hypothesis that exposure to these antigens may alter MSC function and impact the host's immune response to the parasite. Methods MSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow and co-cultured with ESPs, HCF, or pLL antigens. We conducted high-throughput sequencing to examine changes in the MSCs' mRNA expression profile. Additionally, cell cycle, migration, and secretory functions were assessed using various assays, including CCK8, flow cytometry, real-time PCR, Western blot, and ELISA. Results Our analysis revealed that hydatid antigens significantly modulate the mRNA expression of genes related to cytokine and chemokine activity, impacting MSC proliferation, migration, and cytokine secretion. Specifically, there was a downregulation of chemokines (MCP-1, CXCL1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, NOS2/NO), alongside an upregulation of anti-inflammatory mediators (COX2/PGE2). Furthermore, all antigens reduced MSC migration, and significant alterations in cellular metabolism-related pathways were observed. Conclusion Hydatid disease antigens induce a distinct immunomodulatory response in MSCs, characterized by a shift towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype and reduced cell migration. These changes may contribute to the parasite's ability to evade host defenses and persist within the host, highlighting the complex interplay between MSCs and hydatid disease antigens. This study provides valuable insights into the pathophysiology of hydatid disease and may inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wubulikasimu Mijiti
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhifei Yi
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiyu Jia
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Junchao Ma
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zengru Xie
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xingjiang (Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang, China
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Meng Y, Ren Q, Xiao J, Sun H, Huang Y, Liu Y, Wang S, Wang S. Progress of research on the diagnosis and treatment of bone cystic echinococcosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1273870. [PMID: 37920269 PMCID: PMC10618348 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1273870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most complex and dangerous of all echinococcoses. The lack of typical imaging features and clinical manifestations makes diagnosis and treatment of this disease difficult. X-ray and computed tomography (CT) images of bone CE are similar to those of bone cysts, giant-cell bone tumors, and bone metastases, but magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows good diagnostic value due to excellent soft-tissue imaging features. Serological tests cannot be used as a definitive diagnostic method for bone CE due to cross-reactivity, which can lead to false-positive or false-negative results. The development of novel antigens can open new frontiers in the diagnosis of the disease. Currently, views conflict on how to diagnose and treat bone CE. Both surgical and pharmacological treatments can be used, but determining which is appropriate is difficult due to the different sites and clinical manifestations of bone CE. Radical resection is not indicated for large-bone injuries, and Pharmacotherapy becomes important. This article reviews the progress of research into the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of, and diagnostic strategies and treatment options for, bone CE. We aimed to provide a reference for clinical diagnosis and -treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Meng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xi’an Jiaotong University Affiliated HongHui Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Haohao Sun
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yiping Huang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Sibo Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Xi’an Jiaotong University Affiliated HongHui Hospital, Xi’an, China
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Wang X, Huang J, Su L, Ma Q, Ma C, Xie Z. Complete excision of giant clavicular hydatid cyst: a case report. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:178. [PMID: 36949399 PMCID: PMC10035111 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinococcosis, also known as hydatid disease, is a zoonotic parasitic disease prevalent in pastoral areas, mainly involving the liver and lungs, and less frequently the bones and surrounding soft tissues. Diagnosis and treatment of bone hydatid disease is a challenge, and because of the insidious course of the disease, the lesions are often widely disseminated by the time patients seek medical attention. CASE PRESENTATION A 29-year-old woman presented with a painless mass that was gradually increasing in size in the cervical thorax. Imaging revealed an enlarged clavicle with multiple bone cortical defects and the existence of cysts in the soft tissues surrounding the clavicle, for which complete excision of the clavicle and the attached cysts was performed. There was no recurrence of the cyst within one year after the operation, and the patient felt well and had normal shoulder joint movement. CONCLUSIONS Bone hydatid may appear in bones throughout the body, and cysts that leak from the bone into the surrounding soft tissues may spread at a relatively rapid rate. Prompt surgical removal of the affected bone and surrounding cysts is necessary for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xingjiang (Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jinyong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of Pathologyathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Department of Pathologyathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zengru Xie
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of High Incidence Disease Research in Xingjiang (Xinjiang Medical University), Ministry of Education, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
- Xinjiang Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China.
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4
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Yang L, Tuxunjiang P, Liu W, Guo H. Vertebral and pelvic echinococcosis in northwestern China. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2023; 47:1153-1162. [PMID: 36826481 PMCID: PMC10079730 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-05731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Echinococcosis remains a major economic and severe public health problem in endemic areas. Bone echinococcosis is rare, and the vertebra and pelvis are the most common sites of echinococcosis involving the skeletal. Because of the clinical severe symptoms and high recurrence rate, it brings excellent trouble to patients. METHODS This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, radiological findings, and treatment of 44 patients with vertebral and pelvic echinococcosis during a period of 16 years (2005-2020). RESULTS The mean age was 43 years (25 males, 19 females; 19-68 years). The most common symptom was pain, followed by numbness, weakness, activity limitation, and progressive paraparesis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (ELISA) results were positive in 18 cases (75%). There are 24 cases of hydatid infection of the spine, 14 hydatid infection of the pelvis, and six hydatid infection of both vertebra and pelvis. The site of infection was 13 (29.5%) thoracic, five (11.4%) lumbar, four (9.1%) lumbosacral, seven (15.9%) sacral, 19 (43.2%) ilium, seven (15.9%) hip, six (13.6%) ischium, five (11.4%) pubis, and two (4.5%) femur, respectively. The imaging findings were cystic dilatancy, septal, and irregular bone destruction. MRI has a special value in showing the relationship between the surrounding tissues and organs of cystic bone echinococcosis. All patients were followed up for at least one year. The mean follow-up time was 3.6 years. CONCLUSIONS Even in epidemic areas, the incidence of bone echinococcosis is relatively rare. However, when encountering the vertebral and pelvic destruction, consider bone echinococcosis's possibility, especially for the herdsmen in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laihong Yang
- Medical Imaging Center, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Pahati Tuxunjiang
- Medical Imaging Center, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenya Liu
- Medical Imaging Center, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Guo
- Medical Imaging Center, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, 830054, People's Republic of China. .,State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, People's Republic of China.
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Demographics of Cystic Echinococcosis Patients Treated Surgically in Lahore, Pakistan: A Single Centre Study from 2007 - 2018. Helminthologia 2021; 58:162-172. [PMID: 34248376 PMCID: PMC8256454 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2021-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus tapeworms. These parasites have a worldwide geographic distribution and pose a serious threat to livestock industry as well as human health in the endemic areas. CE is widely distributed in Pakistan. However, very few reports are available related to the regional transmission of E. granulosus. A retrospective analysis was conducted of surgically confirmed CE patients who were treated at Shoukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre in Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan from 2007 – 2018. In total, 536 CE patients were evaluated during the study period. Cases originated from the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (n=336), Punjab (n=147), Baluchistan (n=18), Sindh (n=3), Islamabad (n=2), Gilgit Baltistan (n=1), and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (n=1). An additional 28 cases were from Afghanistan. The highest number of CE cases was reported in 2013 (n=90). Females made up a larger proportion of cases (n=310; 57.8 %) than males (n=226; 42.2 %). Most patients were members of the Pashtun (n=197; 36.7 %), Hindku (n=142; 26.5 %), and Punjabi (n=118; 22.0 %) ethnic groups. The largest number of cysts was obtained from the liver (137/536; 25.6 %). This study showed that CE is likely present throughout Pakistan. In order to control the disease, a comprehensive control program and regional surveillance are needed.
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Xu WL, Aikeremu D, Sun JG, Zhang YJ, Xu JB, Zhou WZ, Zhao XB, Wang H, Yuan H. Effect of intensity-modulated radiation therapy on sciatic nerve injury caused by echinococcosis. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:580-586. [PMID: 32985491 PMCID: PMC7996033 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.293153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional radiotherapy has a good killing effect on femoral echinococcosis. However, the sciatic nerve around the lesion is irreversibly damaged owing to bystander effects. Although intensity-modulated radiation therapy shows great advantages for precise dose distribution into lesions, it is unknown whether intensity-modulated radiation therapy can perfectly protect the surrounding sciatic nerve on the basis of good killing of femoral echinococcosis foci. Therefore, this study comparatively analyzed differences between intensity-modulated radiation therapy and conventional radiotherapy on the basis of safety to peripheral nerves. Pure-breed Meriones meridiani with bilateral femoral echinococcosis were selected as the research object. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy was used to treat left femoral echinococcosis of Meriones meridianus, while conventional radiotherapy was used to treat right femoral echinococcosis of the same Meriones meridianus. The total radiation dose was 40 Gy. To understand whether intensity-modulated radiation therapy and conventional radiotherapy can kill femoral echinococcosis, trypan blue staining was used to detect pathological changes of bone Echinococcus granulosus and protoscolex death after radiotherapy. Additionally, enzyme histochemical staining was utilized to measure acid phosphatase activity in the protoscolex after radiotherapy. One week after radiotherapy, the overall structure of echinococcosis in bilateral femurs of Meriones meridiani treated by intensity-modulated radiation therapy disappeared. There was no significant difference in the mortality rate of protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus between the bilateral femurs of Meriones meridiani. Moreover, there was no significant difference in acid phosphatase activity in the protoscolex of Echinococcus granulosus between bilateral femurs. To understand the injury of sciatic nerve surrounding the foci of femoral echinococcosis caused by intensity-modulated radiation therapy and conventional radiotherapy, the ultrastructure of sciatic nerves after radiotherapy was observed by transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, apoptosis of neurons was examined using a terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay, and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in sciatic nerve tissue was detected by immunohistochemical staining and western blot assay. Our results showed that most neurons in the left sciatic nerve of Meriones meridiani with echinococcosis treated by intensity-modulated radiation therapy had reversible injury, and there was no obvious apoptosis. Compared with conventional radiotherapy, the number of apoptotic cells and Bax expression in sciatic nerve treated by intensity-modulated radiation therapy were significantly decreased, while Bcl-2 expression was significantly increased. Our findings suggest that intensity-modulated radiation therapy has the same therapeutic effect on echinococcosis as conventional radiotherapy, and can reduce apoptosis of the sciatic nerve around foci caused by radiotherapy. Experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (Approval No. 20130301A41) on March 1, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Long Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dilimulati Aikeremu
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jun-Gang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jiang-Bo Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wen-Zheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xi-Bin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
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7
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Khan A, Ahmed H, Khan H, Saleem S, Simsek S, Brunetti E, Afzal MS, Manciulli T, Budke CM. Cystic Echinococcosis in Pakistan: A Review of Reported Cases, Diagnosis, and Management. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105709. [PMID: 32956637 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease that occurs in humans and ungulates due to infection with the larval stage of the taeniid cestode Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato. It has been estimated that approximately one million people are infected annually, resulting in US$3 billion in human and livestock-associated direct and indirect losses per year. CE is a serious public health concern in many parts of the world, including Pakistan. This review discusses the causative agent as well as the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of CE in Pakistan.
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Outcomes of Radiotherapy for Osseous Echinococcosis of Meriones meridianus. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6457419. [PMID: 32879885 PMCID: PMC7448241 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6457419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Osseous cyst echinococcosis (CE) is an infectious disease that causes disability and deformity in patients, yet there is still no satisfactory treatment. Focusing on the feasibility and prognosis of radiotherapy as an adjuvant or palliative treatment for osseous CE, this study investigated the outcome of Meriones meridianus with osseous CE after radiotherapy. Methods The study utilized a comparison control group design with three groups of gerbils, and 240 osseous CE gerbils were randomly divided into control, 40Gy/5times, and 50Gy/5times groups. Different doses of radiotherapy were given to the gerbils, and then, the effects of radiotherapy on gerbils and lesions were observed at 3 and 6 months after radiotherapy. Statistical analysis was done using χ2 test, unpaired t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results Significant changes (P < 0.05) were achieved between the three groups in terms of seven parameters at 3 and 6 months, including the number of dead gerbils and lesion sites with ulceration and infection, number of dead scolices, protein content, Ca2+ concentration, the maximum diameter of lesion site, and wet weight of cysts. Except for the number of dead gerbils and lesion sites with ulceration and infection, all other parameters were observed a big difference between 3 months and 6 months in the 50Gy/5times group. Conclusion Radiotherapy at a dose of 50 Gy has inhibitory and therapeutic effects on osseous CE in gerbils, and radiotherapy could probably be a treatment option for persistent or recurrent osseous CE.
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Schleenvoigt BT, Theis B, Wüst M, Forstner C, Pletz MW, Hagel S. Intermittent pain of the pelvis in a Syrian woman. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008183. [PMID: 32555592 PMCID: PMC7302433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T. Schleenvoigt
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Bernhard Theis
- Section Pathology of the Institute of Forensic Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michaela Wüst
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christina Forstner
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias W. Pletz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Hagel
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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10
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Cattaneo L, Manciulli T, Cretu CM, Giordani MT, Angheben A, Bartoloni A, Zammarchi L, Bartalesi F, Richter J, Chiodini P, Godbole G, Junghanss T, Stojkovic M, Sammarchi L, Dore R, Vercelli A, Benazzo F, Cuzzocrea F, Tamarozzi F, Brunetti E. Cystic Echinococcosis of the Bone: A European Multicenter Study. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:617-621. [PMID: 30693857 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonosis caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. In humans, the infection induces the formation of parasitic cysts mostly in the liver and lungs, but virtually any organ can be affected. CE of the bone is one of the rarest forms of the disease, yet it is also extremely debilitating for patients and hard to manage for clinicians. Unlike abdominal CE, there is currently no expert consensus on the management of bone CE. In this study, we conducted a survey of the clinical records of seven European referral centers for the management of patients with CE and retrieved data on the clinical management of 32 patients with a diagnosis of bone CE. Our survey confirmed that the patients endured chronic debilitating disease with a high rate of complications (84%). We also found that diagnostic approaches were highly heterogeneous. Surgery was extensively used to treat these patients, as well as albendazole, occasionally combined with praziquantel or nitaxozanide. Treatment was curative only for two patients, with one requiring amputation of the involved bone. Our survey highlights the need to conduct systematic studies on bone CE, both retrospectively and prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Cattaneo
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Manciulli
- PhD School of Experimental Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmen-Michaela Cretu
- Parasitology Department, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Andrea Angheben
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bartoloni
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Zammarchi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Filippo Bartalesi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Joachim Richter
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Chiodini
- Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gauri Godbole
- Department of Clinical Parasitology, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Junghanss
- Section of Clinical Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marija Stojkovic
- Section of Clinical Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luigi Sammarchi
- Division of Radiology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Dore
- Department of Radiology, Istituti Clinici di Pavia e Vigevano, University Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vercelli
- Department of Radiology, Istituti Clinici di Pavia e Vigevano, University Hospital, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Benazzo
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cuzzocrea
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Tamarozzi
- Centre for Tropical Diseases, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Sacro Cuore-Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Enrico Brunetti
- Unit of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.,Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Science, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Patino JM, Ramos Vertiz AJ. Hydatidosis of the complete humerus. Treated with radical resection and endoprosthesis. Case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2019; 65:296-300. [PMID: 31759302 PMCID: PMC6880118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2019.10.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydatid bone disease is caused by the Echinococcus granulosus worm. Osseous involvement accounts for 0.5% to 4% of cases in humans. No reports of hydatid disease in the entire humerus have been found in the bibliography. There is no consensus as regards the medical treatment of hydatidosis in the humerus. The affections of the entire humerus and the recurrences present a challenge of treatment for the reconstruction and rescue of the limb. We report a case of salvatage limb with a total humerus endophrostesis with 2 years of follow up.
Introduction Hydatid bone disease is caused by the Echinococcus granulosus worm. The location of the disease in the humerus is infrequent. No reports of hydatid disease in the entire humerus have been found in the bibliography. We present one case of primary hydatid bone disease affecting the entire humerus, which was treated with radical resection and total endoprosthesis of the humerus. Case A 24-year-old patient presented with a diaphyseal humerus fracture. The x-rays and MRI showed an oblique fracture and heterogeneous osteolytic and multiloculated images along the entire humerus. The biopsy resulted in hydatid cysts. Oncological resection of the humerus and total replacement of the same with a non-conventional prosthesis designed for the patient was performed. Conclusion Total humerus hydatidosis is infrequent, and there is scarce information about its treatment. The local resection plus graft and osteosynthesis conserving the bone has shown complications and recurrences. For healing, a radical procedure is necessary. Although functional results may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Martin Patino
- Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatologia, Servicio de cirugía de mano y miembro superior, Hospital Militar Central "Cosme Argerich", Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Alejandro José Ramos Vertiz
- Departamento de Ortopedia y Traumatologia, Servicio de cirugía de mano y miembro superior, Hospital Militar Central "Cosme Argerich", Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
Hydatid disease is one of the most complicated and devastating conditions caused by Echinococcus granulosus. This globally distributed disease continues to be an important public health concern in many low- and middle-income countries. The liver and the lungs are the most frequently involved sites, but virtually any organ system can be affected. Osseous hydatidosis is relatively less common, but it is extremely debilitating and difficult to manage due to frequent recurrences. Patients often demonstrate a delayed clinical presentation as bone involvement is predominantly a silent and slowly progressive disease with a long latent period. Radiological investigations play an important role in the diagnosis. Although standard therapeutic guidelines are not available, the treatment of choice is a combination of chemotherapy and surgery. Clinicians should perform a lifelong follow-up for early detection of potential recurrence and sequels. This paper aims to highlight hydatid disease of the pelvic bone as an important differential diagnosis of tubercular hip arthritis, especially in areas with high echinococcosis prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Inayat
- Internal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Raza E Rana
- Orthopaedics, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Shoaib Azam
- Orthopaedics, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Internal Medicine, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, PAK
| | - Soban Ahmad
- Emergency Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, QAT
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Inayat F, Azam S, Baig AS, Nawaz G, Ullah W. Presentation Patterns, Diagnostic Modalities, Management Strategies, and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Hydatid Disease of the Pelvic Bone: A Comparative Review of 31 Cases. Cureus 2019; 11:e4178. [PMID: 31106078 PMCID: PMC6504024 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydatid disease is a parasitic zoonosis commonly caused by Echinococcus granulosus. It characteristically involves the liver and the lungs but rare occurrences in other organs have also been reported. Bone involvement is distinctly uncommon, which is predominantly a silent and slowly progressive disease with a long latent period. We conducted a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, and Scopus databases. After a comprehensive review of the search results, a total of 31 cases of hydatid disease of the pelvic bone fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The data on patient demographics, epidemiology, lesion site, management, clinical outcomes, and follow-up were collected and analyzed. This review illustrates that hydatid disease should be considered among the differential diagnoses of unusual cystic lesions of the pelvic bone. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management are of paramount importance to prevent bone destruction and serious complications in these patients. Long-term follow-up should be performed for potential recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Inayat
- Internal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, PAK
| | - Shoaib Azam
- Orthopaedics, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Areeba S Baig
- Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK
| | - Gul Nawaz
- Internal Medicine, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore , PAK
| | - Waqas Ullah
- Internal Medicine, Abington Hospital-Jefferson Health, Abington, USA
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