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Bazard P, Pineros J, Frisina RD, Bauer MA, Acosta AA, Paganella LR, Borakiewicz D, Thivierge M, Mannering FL, Zhu X, Ding B. Cochlear Inflammaging in Relation to Ion Channels and Mitochondrial Functions. Cells 2021; 10:2761. [PMID: 34685743 PMCID: PMC8534887 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The slow accumulation of inflammatory biomarker levels in the body-also known as inflammaging-has been linked to a myriad of age-related diseases. Some of these include neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease, obesity, type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and many others. Though a direct correlation has not been established, research connecting age-related hearing loss (ARHL)-the number one communication disorder and one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases of our aged population-and inflammaging has gained interest. Research, thus far, has found that inflammatory markers, such as IL-6 and white blood cells, are associated with ARHL in humans and animals. Moreover, studies investigating ion channels and mitochondrial involvement have shown promising relationships between their functions and inflammaging in the cochlea. In this review, we summarize key findings in inflammaging within the auditory system, the involvement of ion channels and mitochondrial functions, and lastly discuss potential treatment options focusing on controlling inflammation as we age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Bazard
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Jennifer Pineros
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Robert D. Frisina
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Department Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Behavioral & Communication Sciences, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Mark A. Bauer
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Alejandro A. Acosta
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Lauren R. Paganella
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Dominika Borakiewicz
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Mark Thivierge
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Freyda L. Mannering
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.B.); (J.P.); (M.A.B.); (A.A.A.); (L.R.P.); (D.B.); (M.T.); (X.Z.); (B.D.)
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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Lanaia V, Tziridis K, Schulze H. Salicylate-Induced Changes in Hearing Thresholds in Mongolian Gerbils Are Correlated With Tinnitus Frequency but Not With Tinnitus Strength. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:698516. [PMID: 34393736 PMCID: PMC8363116 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.698516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is an auditory phantom percept without external sound sources. Despite the high prevalence and tinnitus-associated distress of affected patients, the pathophysiology of tinnitus remains largely unknown, making prevention and treatments difficult to develop. In order to elucidate the pathophysiology of tinnitus, animal models are used where tinnitus is induced either permanently by noise trauma or transiently by the application of salicylate. In a model of trauma-induced tinnitus, we have suggested a central origin of tinnitus-related development of neuronal hyperactivity based on stochastic resonance (SR). SR refers to the physiological phenomenon that weak subthreshold signals for given sensors (or synapses) can still be detected and transmitted if appropriate noise is added to the input of the sensor. The main objective of this study was to characterize the neurophysiological and behavioral effects during salicylate-induced tinnitus and compare these to the conditions within the trauma model. Our data show, in line with the pharmacokinetics, that hearing thresholds generally increase 2 h after salicylate injections. This increase was significantly stronger within the region of best hearing compared to other frequencies. Furthermore, animals showed behavioral signs of tinnitus during that time window and frequency range as assessed by gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (GPIAS). In contrast to animals with noise trauma-induced tinnitus, salicylate-induced tinnitus animals showed no correlation between hearing thresholds and behavioral signs of tinnitus, indicating that the development of tinnitus after salicylate injection is not based on SR as proposed for the trauma model. In other words, salicylate-induced tinnitus and noise trauma-induced tinnitus are not based on the same neurophysiological mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veralice Lanaia
- Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Tziridis
- Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Holger Schulze
- Experimental Otolaryngology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Fan T, Xiang MY, Zhou RQ, Li W, Wang LQ, Guan PF, Li GL, Wang YF, Li J. Effect of Sodium Salicylate on Calcium Currents and Exocytosis in Cochlear Inner Hair Cells: Implications for Tinnitus Generation. Neurosci Bull 2021; 38:69-80. [PMID: 34235622 PMCID: PMC8782992 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00747-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium salicylate is an anti-inflammatory medication with a side-effect of tinnitus. Here, we used mouse cochlear cultures to explore the effects of salicylate treatment on cochlear inner hair cells (IHCs). We found that IHCs showed significant damage after exposure to a high concentration of salicylate. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings showed that 1-5 mmol/L salicylate did not affect the exocytosis of IHCs, indicating that IHCs are not involved in tinnitus generation by enhancing their neuronal input. Instead, salicylate induced a larger peak amplitude, a more negative half-activation voltage, and a steeper slope factor of Ca2+ current. Using noise analysis of Ca2+ tail currents and qRT-PCR, we further found that salicylate increased the number of Ca2+ channels along with CaV1.3 expression. All these changes could act synergistically to enhance the Ca2+ influx into IHCs. Inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ overload significantly attenuated IHC death after 10 mmol/L salicylate treatment. These results implicate a cellular mechanism for tinnitus generation in the peripheral auditory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fan
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EYE & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Meng-Ya Xiang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EYE & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ruo-Qiao Zhou
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EYE & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Wen Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EYE & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Li-Qin Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EYE & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Peng-Fei Guan
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EYE & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Geng-Lin Li
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EYE & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Yun-Feng Wang
- ENT Institute and Department of Otorhinolaryngology, EYE & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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Winne J, Boerner BC, Malfatti T, Brisa E, Doerl J, Nogueira I, Leão KE, Leão RN. Anxiety-like behavior induced by salicylate depends on age and can be prevented by a single dose of 5-MeO-DMT. Exp Neurol 2020; 326:113175. [PMID: 31923390 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salicylate intoxication is a cause of tinnitus and comorbidly associated with anxiety in humans. In a previous work, we showed that salicylate induces anxiety-like behavior and hippocampal type 2 theta oscillations (theta2) in mice. Here we investigate if the anxiogenic effect of salicylate is dependent on age and previous tinnitus experience. We also tested whether a single dose of DMT can prevent this effect. Using microwire electrode arrays, we recorded local field potential in young (4-5- month-old) and old (11-13-month-old) mice to study the electrophysiological effect of tinnitus in the ventral hippocampus (vHipp) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in an open field arena and elevated plus maze 1h after salicylate (300mg/kg) injection. We found that anxiety-like behavior and increase in theta2 oscillations (4-6 Hz), following salicylate pre-treatment, only occurs in young (normal hearing) mice. We also show that theta2 and slow gamma oscillations increase in the vHipp and mPFC in a complementary manner during anxiety tests in the presence of salicylate. Finally, we show that pre-treating mice with a single dose of the hallucinogenic 5-MeO-DMT prevents anxiety-like behavior and the increase in theta2 and slow gamma oscillations after salicylate injection in normal hearing young mice. This work further support the hypothesis that anxiety-like behavior after salicylate injection is triggered by tinnitus and require normal hearing. Moreover, our results show that hallucinogenic compounds can be effective in treating tinnitus-related anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Winne
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil; Developmental Genetics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Husarg 3, Uppsala 75234, Sweden
| | - Barbara C Boerner
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Thawann Malfatti
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Elis Brisa
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Jhulimar Doerl
- Neural Development and Environment Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Nogueira
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Katarina E Leão
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil
| | - Richardson N Leão
- Neurodynamics Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal/RN, Brazil; Neural Development and Environment Lab, Brain Institute, Federal University of the Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro 2155, 59560-450 Natal, RN, Brazil.
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Jang CH, Lee S, Park IY, Song A, Moon C, Cho GW. Memantine Attenuates Salicylate-induced Tinnitus Possibly by Reducing NR2B Expression in Auditory Cortex of Rat. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:495-503. [PMID: 31495078 PMCID: PMC6751868 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.4.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Memantine, a noncompetitive antagonist of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, suppresses the release of excessive levels of glutamate that may induce neuronal excitation. Here we investigated the effects of memantine on salicylate-induced tinnitus model. The expressions of the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) genes; as well as the NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) gene and protein, were examined in the SH-SY5Y cells and the animal model. We also used gap-prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (GPIAS) and noise burst prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle, and the auditory brainstem level (electrophysiological recordings of auditory brainstem responses, ABR) and NR2B expression level in the auditory cortex to evaluate whether memantine could reduce salicylate-mediated behavioral disturbances. NR2B was significantly upregulated in salicylate-treated cells, but downregulated after memantine treatment. Similarly, expression of the inflammatory cytokine genes TNFα and immediate-early gene ARC was significantly increased in the salicylate-treated cells, and decreased when the cells were treated with memantine. These results were confirmed by NR2B immunocytochemistry. GPIAS was attenuated to a significantly lesser extent in rats treated with a combination of salicylate and memantine than in those treated with salicylate only. The mean ABR threshold in both groups was not significant different before and 1 day after the end of treatment. Additionally, NR2B protein expression in the auditory cortex was markedly increased in the salicylate-treated group, whereas it was reduced in the memantine-treated group. These results indicate that memantine is useful for the treatment of salicylate-induced tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Ho Jang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Sueun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Il Yong Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Anji Song
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.,Department of Life Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
| | - Changjong Moon
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Goang-Won Cho
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea.,Department of Life Science, BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea
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Rissatto-Lago MR, da Cruz Fernandes L, Lyra IM, Terse-Ramos R, Teixeira R, Salles C, Teixeira Ladeia AM. Hidden hearing loss in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2019; 116:186-191. [PMID: 30554696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the auditory system for hidden hearing loss (HHL) and its association with clinical variables and endothelial dysfunction (ED) in children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia (SCA). METHODS Participants included 37 patients with stable SCA and 44 healthy controls (HC group) (aged 6-18 years) with hearing thresholds ≤ 20 dB (dB) were evaluated for pure tone audiometry, tympanometry, acoustic reflex, otoacoustic emission, and auditory evoked potentials. Laboratory analysis of the lipid profile, and C-reactive protein levels and endothelial function using ultrasonographic imaging of the brachial artery to assess flow-mediated dilation were performed. RESULTS The SCA group presented with a higher rate of increased contralateral acoustic reflex thresholds, compared to those in the HC group at all frequencies and in both ears (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the brainstem auditory evoked potentials between the SCA and HC groups. In the SCA group, the waves III and V latencies were increased (p = 0.006 and 0.004 respectively), and the I-III and I-V interpeak intervals were longer (p = 0.015 and 0.018 respectively) than those in the HC group. There was no association between the audiological measures and clinical and metabolic variables and sickle cell anemia complications including endothelial function and therapy. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings suggest that damage in the auditory system in SCA patients can be present involving retrocochlear structures, causing functional deficits without deterioration of auditory sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Renata Rissatto-Lago
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Life Science, State University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Luciene da Cruz Fernandes
- Department of Speech Therapy, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Isa Menezes Lyra
- University Hospital Professor Edgar Santos of Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Regina Terse-Ramos
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rozana Teixeira
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine of Bahia, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Cristina Salles
- Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; University Hospital Professor Edgar Santos of Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
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Tovi H, Ovadia H, Eliashar R, de Jong MA, Gross M. Prestin autoantibodies screening in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis 2018; 136:99-101. [PMID: 30606654 DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To define the clinical association of serum prestin autoantibodies and their impact on prognosis, as specific serum diagnostic markers in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL). DESIGN Sera from 63 patients with ISSNHL were screened prospectively for the presence of prestin autoantibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) test. Serum was assayed for anti-prestin IgG antibodies using recombinant human prestin (SLC26 A5). Demographic, clinical, and audiometric variables were analyzed. RESULTS Two patients (3.17%) had demonstrable anti-prestin antibodies in serum (exact 95% CI: -1.16% to 7.5%). No statistically significant association was found between prestin autoantibodies and demographic or audiologic parameters. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary and novel study does not support the presence of an active humoral immune reaction against prestin in ISSNHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tovi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew-University Hospital, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - H Ovadia
- Neurology Laboratory Unit, Hadassah Hebrew-University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Eliashar
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew-University Hospital, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M A de Jong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew-University Hospital, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - M Gross
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hadassah Hebrew-University Hospital, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
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Chen XH, Zheng LL. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the auditory cortex of rats with salicylate-induced tinnitus. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5643-5648. [PMID: 28849125 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus often results in severe psychological distress. The present study hypothesized that tinnitus acts as a chronic stressor and induces dysregulation of the production of cytokines. The gap pre‑pulse inhibition of acoustic startle paradigm was applied to test tinnitus‑like behavior in rats. Following this, the mRNA and protein expression levels of interferon (IFN)‑γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‑α, interleukin (IL)‑6 and N‑methyl D‑aspartate receptor subunit 2A (NR2A) were measured in rats subjected to acute and chronic salicylate treatment, using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis, respectively. The gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle paradigm detected the tinnitus‑like behavior of rats. The expression of TNF‑α and NR2A genes were increased in the auditory cortex (AC) following long‑term administration of salicylate, whereas the expression of IFN‑γ genes decreased; however, the mRNA levels reversed back to normal baseline 14 days following the cease of salicylate administration. IL‑6 gene expression, however, was not fundamentally altered by salicylate treatment. The data demonstrated that chronic salicylate administration induces tinnitus, in part, via dysregulation of cytokines and specific membrane receptors in the AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Hong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Eggermont JJ. Can Animal Models Contribute to Understanding Tinnitus Heterogeneity in Humans? Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 8:265. [PMID: 27895575 PMCID: PMC5107573 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain activity of humans with tinnitus of various etiologies is typically studied with electro- and magneto-encephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging-based imaging techniques. Consequently, they measure population responses and mostly from the neocortex. The latter also underlies changes in neural networks that may be attributed to tinnitus. However, factors not strictly related to tinnitus such as hearing loss and hyperacusis, as well as other co-occurring disorders play a prominent role in these changes. Different types of tinnitus can often not be resolved with these brain-imaging techniques. In animal models of putative behavioral signs of tinnitus, neural activity ranging from auditory nerve to auditory cortex, is studied largely by single unit recordings, augmented by local field potentials (LFPs), and the neural correlates of tinnitus are mainly based on spontaneous neural activity, such as spontaneous firing rates and pair-wise spontaneous spike-firing correlations. Neural correlates of hyperacusis rely on measurement of stimulus-evoked activity and are measured as increased driven firing rates and LFP amplitudes. Connectivity studies would rely on correlated neural activity between pairs of neurons or LFP amplitudes, but are only recently explored. In animal models of tinnitus, only two etiologies are extensively studied; tinnitus evoked by salicylate application and by noise exposure. It appears that they have quite different neural biomarkers. The unanswered question then is: does this different etiology also result in different tinnitus?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos J Eggermont
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, CalgaryAB, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, CalgaryAB, Canada
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Yi B, Hu S, Zuo C, Jiao F, Lv J, Chen D, Ma Y, Chen J, Mei L, Wang X, Huang Z, Wu H. Effects of long-term salicylate administration on synaptic ultrastructure and metabolic activity in the rat CNS. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24428. [PMID: 27068004 PMCID: PMC4828705 DOI: 10.1038/srep24428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus is associated with neural hyperactivity in the central nervous system (CNS). Salicylate is a well-known ototoxic drug, and we induced tinnitus in rats using a model of long-term salicylate administration. The gap pre-pulse inhibition of acoustic startle test was used to infer tinnitus perception, and only rats in the chronic salicylate-treatment (14 days) group showed evidence of experiencing tinnitus. After small animal positron emission tomography scans were performed, we found that the metabolic activity of the inferior colliculus (IC), the auditory cortex (AC), and the hippocampus (HP) were significantly higher in the chronic treatment group compared with saline group (treated for 14 days), which was further supported by ultrastructural changes at the synapses. The alterations all returned to baseline 14 days after the cessation of salicylate-treatment (wash-out group), indicating that these changes were reversible. These findings indicate that long-term salicylate administration induces tinnitus, enhanced neural activity and synaptic ultrastructural changes in the IC, AC, and HP of rats due to neuroplasticity. Thus, an increased metabolic rate and synaptic transmission in specific areas of the CNS may contribute to the development of tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yi
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China.,Laboratory of Auditory Neuroscience, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai China
| | - Shousen Hu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province China
| | - Chuantao Zuo
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Fangyang Jiao
- PET Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai China
| | - Jingrong Lv
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Dongye Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China.,Laboratory of Auditory Neuroscience, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai China
| | - Yufei Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Jianyong Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China.,Laboratory of Auditory Neuroscience, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Ling Mei
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China.,Laboratory of Auditory Neuroscience, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China
| | - Xueling Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China.,Laboratory of Auditory Neuroscience, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai China
| | - Zhiwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China.,Laboratory of Auditory Neuroscience, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China.,Laboratory of Auditory Neuroscience, Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Ear and Nose Diseases, Shanghai China
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11
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Fang L, Fu Y, Zhang TY. Salicylate-Induced Hearing Loss Trigger Structural Synaptic Modifications in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus of Rats via Medial Olivocochlear (MOC) Feedback Circuit. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1343-53. [PMID: 26886762 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lesion-induced cochlear damage can result in synaptic outgrowth in the ventral cochlear nucleus (VCN). Tinnitus may be associated with the synaptic outgrowth and hyperactivity in the VCN. However, it remains unclear how hearing loss triggers structural synaptic modifications in the VCN of rats subjected to salicylate-induced tinnitus. To address this issue, we evaluated tinnitus-like behavior in rats after salicylate treatment and compared the amplitude of the distortion product evoked otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) between control and treated rats. Moreover, we observed the changes in the synaptic ultrastructure and in the expression levels of growth-associated protein (GAP-43), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), the microglial marker Iba-1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the VCN. After salicylate treatment (300 mg/kg/day for 4 and 8 days), analysis of the gap prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle showed that the rats were experiencing tinnitus. The changes in the DPOAE and ABR amplitude indicated an improvement in cochlear sensitivity and a reduction in auditory input following salicylate treatment. The treated rats displayed more synaptic vesicles and longer postsynaptic density in the VCN than the control rats. We observed that the GAP-43 expression, predominantly from medial olivocochlear (MOC) neurons, was significantly up-regulated, and that BDNF- and Iba-1-immunoreactive cells were persistently decreased after salicylate administration. Furthermore, GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes, which is associated with synaptic regrowth, was significantly increased in the treated groups. Our study revealed that reduced auditory nerve activity triggers synaptic outgrowth and hyperactivity in the VCN via a MOC neural feedback circuit. Structural synaptic modifications may be a reflexive process that compensates for the reduced auditory input after salicylate administration. However, massive increases in excitatory synapses in the VCN may represent a detrimental process that causes central hyperactivity, leading to tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Fang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of WenZhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - YaoYao Fu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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12
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Sodium salicylate potentiates the GABAB-GIRK pathway to suppress rebound depolarization in neurons of the rat's medial geniculate body. Hear Res 2015; 332:104-112. [PMID: 26688177 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2015.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rebound depolarization (RD) is a voltage response to the offset from pre-hyperpolarization of neuronal membrane potential, which manifests a particular form of the postsynaptic membrane potential response to inhibitory presynaptic inputs. We previously demonstrated that sodium salicylate (NaSal), a tinnitus inducer, can drastically suppress the RD in neurons of rat medial geniculate body (MGB) (Su et al, 2012; PLoS ONE 7, e46969). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the underlying cellular mechanism by using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in rat MGB slices. NaSal (1.4 mM) had no effects on the current mediated by T-type Ca(2+) channels, indicating that it does not target these channels to suppress the RD. Instead, NaSal was shown to hyperpolarize the resting membrane potential to suppress the RD. NaSal had no effects on the current mediated by hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels, indicating that it does not target these channels to hyperpolarize the resting membrane potential. NaSal induced an outward leak current that could be abolished by CGP55845, a GABAB receptor blocker, or respectively by Ba(2+) and Tertiapin-Q, blockers for G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels, indicating that NaSal potentiates the GABAB-GIRK pathway to hyperpolarize the resting membrane potential. Our study demonstrates that NaSal targets GABAB receptors to alter functional behaviors of MGB neurons, which may be implicated in NaSal-induced tinnitus.
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Wu H, Xu FL, Yin Y, Da P, You XD, Xu HM, Tang Y. Salicylate-induced changes in immediate-early genes in the hippocampal CA1 area. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:1625-30. [PMID: 25873216 PMCID: PMC4464479 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have suggested that salicylate affects neuronal function via interactions with specific membrane channels/receptors. However, the effect of salicylate on activity and synaptic morphology of the hippocampal Cornu Ammonis (CA) 1 area remains to be elucidated. The activation of immediate-early genes (IEGs) was reported to correlate with neuronal activity, in particular activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein and early growth response gene 1. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression of these IEGs, as well that of N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 2B in rats following acute and chronic salicylate treatment. Protein and messenger RNA levels of all three genes were increased in rats following chronic administration of salicylate (300 mg/kg for 10 days), returning to baseline levels 14 days post-cessation of treatment. The transient upregulation of gene expression following treatment was accompanied by ultrastructural alterations in hippocampal CA1 area synapses. An increase in synaptic interface curvature was observed as well as an increased number of presynaptic vesicles; in addition, postsynaptic densities thickened and lengthened. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that chronic exposure to salicylate may lead to structural alteration of hippocampal CA1 neurons, and it was suggested that this process occurs through induced expression of IEGs via NMDA receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Area, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Peng Da
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong You
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Changshu First Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215500, P.R. China
| | - Yan Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology‑Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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Hu SS, Mei L, Chen JY, Huang ZW, Wu H. Expression of immediate-early genes in the dorsal cochlear nucleus in salicylate-induced tinnitus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 273:325-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-014-3479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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Lamas V, Arévalo JC, Juiz JM, Merchán MA. Acoustic input and efferent activity regulate the expression of molecules involved in cochlear micromechanics. Front Syst Neurosci 2015; 8:253. [PMID: 25653600 PMCID: PMC4299405 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electromotile activity in auditory outer hair cells (OHCs) is essential for sound amplification. It relies on the highly specialized membrane motor protein prestin, and its interactions with the cytoskeleton. It is believed that the expression of prestin and related molecules involved in OHC electromotility may be dynamically regulated by signals from the acoustic environment. However little is known about the nature of such signals and how they affect the expression of molecules involved in electromotility in OHCs. We show evidence that prestin oligomerization is regulated, both at short and relatively long term, by acoustic input and descending efferent activity originating in the cortex, likely acting in concert. Unilateral removal of the middle ear ossicular chain reduces levels of trimeric prestin, particularly in the cochlea from the side of the lesion, whereas monomeric and dimeric forms are maintained or even increased in particular in the contralateral side, as shown in Western blots. Unilateral removal of the auditory cortex (AC), which likely causes an imbalance in descending efferent activity on the cochlea, also reduces levels of trimeric and tetrameric forms of prestin in the side ipsilateral to the lesion, whereas in the contralateral side prestin remains unaffected, or even increased in the case of trimeric and tetrameric forms. As far as efferent inputs are concerned, unilateral ablation of the AC up-regulates the expression of α10 nicotinic Ach receptor (nAChR) transcripts in the cochlea, as shown by RT-Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). This suggests that homeostatic synaptic scaling mechanisms may be involved in dynamically regulating OHC electromotility by medial olivocochlear efferents. Limited, unbalanced efferent activity after unilateral AC removal, also affects prestin and β-actin mRNA levels. These findings support that the concerted action of acoustic and efferent inputs to the cochlea is needed to regulate the expression of major molecules involved in OHC electromotility, both at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Lamas
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Hearing, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y Leon, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - Juan C Arévalo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Hearing, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y Leon, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
| | - José M Juiz
- Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Instituto de Investigación en Discapacidades Neurológicas (IDINE), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha Albacete, Spain
| | - Miguel A Merchán
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Hearing, Institute for Neuroscience of Castilla y Leon, University of Salamanca Salamanca, Spain
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16
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Effects of salicylate on the inflammatory genes expression and synaptic ultrastructure in the cochlear nucleus of rats. Inflammation 2014; 37:365-73. [PMID: 24092407 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-013-9748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aspirin (salicylate), as a common drug that is frequently used for long-term treatment in a clinical setting, has the potential to cause reversible tinnitus. However, few reports have examined the inflammatory cytokines expression and alteration of synaptic ultrastructure in the cochlear nucleus (CN) in a rat model of tinnitus. The tinnitus-like behavior of rats were detected by the gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) paradigm. We investigated the expression levels of the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), N-methyl D-aspartate receptor subunit 2A (NR2A) mRNA and protein in the CN and compared synapses ultrastructure in the CN of tinnitus rats with normal ones. GPIAS showed that rats with long-term administration of salicylate were experiencing tinnitus, and the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α and NR2A were up-regulated in chronic treatment groups, and they returned to baseline 14 days after cessation of treatment. Furthermore, compared to normal rats, repetitive salicylate-treated rats showed a greater number of presynaptic vesicles, thicker and longer postsynaptic densities, increased synaptic interface curvature. These data revealed that chronic salicylate administration markedly, but reversibly, induces tinnitus possibly via augmentation of the expression of TNF-α and NR2A and cause changes in synaptic ultrastructure in the CN. Long-term administration of salicylate causes neural plasticity changes at the CN level.
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17
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Hu SS, Mei L, Chen JY, Huang ZW, Wu H. Expression of immediate-early genes in the inferior colliculus and auditory cortex in salicylate-induced tinnitus in rat. Eur J Histochem 2014; 58:2294. [PMID: 24704997 PMCID: PMC3980210 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2014.2294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tinnitus could be associated with neuronal hyperactivity in the auditory center. As a neuronal activity marker, immediate-early gene (IEG) expression is considered part of a general neuronal response to natural stimuli. Some IEGs, especially the activity-dependent cytoskeletal protein (Arc) and the early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1), appear to be highly correlated with sensory-evoked neuronal activity. We hypothesize, therefore, an increase of Arc and Egr-1 will be observed in a tinnitus model. In our study, we used the gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS) paradigm to confirm that salicylate induces tinnitus-like behavior in rats. However, expression of the Arc gene and Egr-1 gene were decreased in the inferior colliculus (IC) and auditory cortex (AC), in contradiction of our hypothesis. Expression of N-methyl d-aspartate receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) was increased and all of these changes returned to normal 14 days after treatment with salicylate ceased. These data revealed long-time administration of salicylate induced tinnitus markedly but reversibly and caused neural plasticity changes in the IC and the AC. Decreased expression of Arc and Egr-1 might be involved with instability of synaptic plasticity in tinnitus.
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Salicylate Selectively Kills Cochlear Spiral Ganglion Neurons by Paradoxically Up-regulating Superoxide. Neurotox Res 2013; 24:307-19. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-013-9384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen GD, Stolzberg D, Lobarinas E, Sun W, Ding D, Salvi R. Salicylate-induced cochlear impairments, cortical hyperactivity and re-tuning, and tinnitus. Hear Res 2013; 295:100-13. [PMID: 23201030 PMCID: PMC4191647 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2012.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
High doses of sodium salicylate (SS) have long been known to induce temporary hearing loss and tinnitus, effects attributed to cochlear dysfunction. However, our recent publications reviewed here show that SS can induce profound, permanent, and unexpected changes in the cochlea and central nervous system. Prolonged treatment with SS permanently decreased the cochlear compound action potential (CAP) amplitude in vivo. In vitro, high dose SS resulted in a permanent loss of spiral ganglion neurons and nerve fibers, but did not damage hair cells. Acute treatment with high-dose SS produced a frequency-dependent decrease in the amplitude of distortion product otoacoustic emissions and CAP. Losses were greatest at low and high frequencies, but least at the mid-frequencies (10-20 kHz), the mid-frequency band that corresponds to the tinnitus pitch measured behaviorally. In the auditory cortex, medial geniculate body and amygdala, high-dose SS enhanced sound-evoked neural responses at high stimulus levels, but it suppressed activity at low intensities and elevated response threshold. When SS was applied directly to the auditory cortex or amygdala, it only enhanced sound evoked activity, but did not elevate response threshold. Current source density analysis revealed enhanced current flow into the supragranular layer of auditory cortex following systemic SS treatment. Systemic SS treatment also altered tuning in auditory cortex and amygdala; low frequency and high frequency multiunit clusters up-shifted or down-shifted their characteristic frequency into the 10-20 kHz range thereby altering auditory cortex tonotopy and enhancing neural activity at mid-frequencies corresponding to the tinnitus pitch. These results suggest that SS-induced hyperactivity in auditory cortex originates in the central nervous system, that the amygdala potentiates these effects and that the SS-induced tonotopic shifts in auditory cortex, the putative neural correlate of tinnitus, arises from the interaction between the frequency-dependent losses in the cochlea and hyperactivity in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Di Chen
- Center for Hearing & Deafness, SUNY at Buffalo, 137 Cary Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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20
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Moussavi-Najarkola SA, Khavanin A, Mirzaei R, Salehnia M, Akbari M. Effects of whole body vibration on outer hair cells' hearing response to distortion product otoacoustic emissions. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2012; 48:276-83. [PMID: 22549335 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-012-9490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Whole body vibration (WBV) is one of the most vexing problems in industries. There is a debate about the effect of WBV exposure on hearing system as vibration-induced hearing loss. The purpose of this study was to investigate outer hair cells' (OHCs') hearing response hearing response to distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in rabbits exposed to WBV. It was hypothesized that the DPOAE response amplitudes (A(dp)) in rabbits exposed to WBV would be lower than those in control rabbits not exposed to WBV. New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits as vibration group (n = 6, exposed to WBV in the z-axis at 4-8 Hz and 1.0 ms(-2) root mean square for 8 h per day during five consecutive days) and NZW rabbits as control group (n = 6, not exposed to any WBV) were participated. A(dp) and noise floor levels (L(nf)) were examined on three occasions: day 0 (i.e., baseline), day 8 (i.e., immediately 1 h after exposure), and day 11 (i.e., 72 h following exposure) with f(2) frequencies ranging from 500 to 10,000 Hz and primaries L(1) and L(2) levels of 65 and 55 dB sound pressure level, respectively. Main effects were statistically found to be significant for group, time, and frequency (p < 0.05). DPOAE amplitudes were significantly larger for rabbits exposed to WBV, larger on day 8 and larger for mid to high f(2) frequencies (at and above 5,888.50 Hz). Main effects were not statistically found to be significant for ear (p > 0.05). Also, four statistically significant interactions including time by ear, time by frequency, group by frequency, and group by time were detected (p < 0.05). Contrary to the main hypothesis, DPOAE amplitudes were significantly larger for rabbits exposed to WBV. WBV exposure significantly led to enhanced mean A(dp) at mid to high frequencies rather than at low ones.
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Stolzberg D, Salvi RJ, Allman BL. Salicylate toxicity model of tinnitus. Front Syst Neurosci 2012; 6:28. [PMID: 22557950 PMCID: PMC3341117 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2012.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Salicylate, the active component of the common drug aspirin, has mild analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects at moderate doses. At higher doses, however, salicylate temporarily induces moderate hearing loss and the perception of a high-pitch ringing in humans and animals. This phantom perception of sound known as tinnitus is qualitatively similar to the persistent subjective tinnitus induced by high-level noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, or aging, which affects ∼14% of the general population. For over a quarter century, auditory scientists have used the salicylate toxicity model to investigate candidate biochemical and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying phantom sound perception. In this review, we summarize some of the intriguing biochemical and physiological effects associated with salicylate-induced tinnitus, some of which occur in the periphery and others in the central nervous system. The relevance and general utility of the salicylate toxicity model in understanding phantom sound perception in general are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Stolzberg
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo NY, USA
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Knipper M, Müller M, Zimmermann U. Molecular Mechanism of Tinnitus. SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF AUDITORY RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-3728-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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23
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Mazurek B, Yu Y, Haupt H, Szczepek AJ, Olze H. Salicylate modulates Hsp70 expression in the explanted organ of Corti. Neurosci Lett 2011; 501:67-71. [PMID: 21782002 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70, Hspa1a) is known to play a protective role in the inner ear and in the nervous system. Our recent study demonstrated that the induction of Hsp70 by geldanamycin protected the auditory hair cells against ototoxic insult. Here, using the explanted organ of Corti (OC), we characterized the effect of sodium salicylate on the expression of Hsp70. Using the real-time RT-PCR; after 27 h in standard culture, we observed an increase in the Hsp70 transcript number. After 48 h in culture, the number of Hsp70 transcripts increased further, as compared to the freshly isolated tissues or explant cultured for 27 h. Three hours after the addition of 2.5mM sodium salicylate, the expression of Hsp70 mRNA increased significantly. Interestingly, Hsp70 protein level remained unaffected by the addition of salicylate, as shown by immunoblotting and Hsp70-ELISA. Confocal microscopy imaging demonstrated predominant localization of Hsp70 protein with or without salicylate exposure to the fibrocytes of spiral limbus. Our results suggest that in the OC, explanting process induces expression of Hsp70 in limbal fibrocytes and that this expression can be enhanced by salicylate but only on mRNA and not on the protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Mazurek
- Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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Comparison of salicylate- and quinine-induced tinnitus in rats: development, time course, and evaluation of audiologic correlates. Otol Neurotol 2010; 31:823-31. [PMID: 20502380 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e3181de4662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salicylate and quinine have been shown to reliably induce short-term tinnitus when administered at high doses. The present study compared salicylate and quinine-induced tinnitus in rats using the gap prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle (GPIAS). METHODS Twenty-four rats were divided into 2 groups; the first group (n = 12) was injected with salicylate (300 mg kg d), whereas the second (n = 12) was treated with quinine orally at a dose of 200 mg kg d. Animals were treated daily for 4 consecutive days. All rats were tested for tinnitus and hearing loss before and 2, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after the first drug administration. Tinnitus was assessed using GPIAS; hearing function was measured with distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and auditory brainstem response. RESULTS Salicylate treatment induced transient tinnitus with a pitch near 16 kHz starting 2 hours posttreatment, persisting over the 4-day treatment period and disappearing 24 hours later. Animals in the quinine group showed GPIAS changes at a higher pitch (20 kHz); however, changes were more variable among animals, and the mean data were not statistically significant. Hearing function varied across treatments. In the salicylate group, high-level DPOAEs were slightly affected; most changes occurred 2 hours posttreatment. Low-level DPOAEs were affected at all frequencies with a progressive dose-dependent effect. In the quinine group, only high-level DPOAEs were affected, mainly at 16 kHz. CONCLUSION The present study highlights the similarities and differences in the frequency and the time course of tinnitus and hypoacusis induced by salicylate and quinine. Transient tinnitus was reliably induced pharmacologically with salicylate, whereas hearing loss remained subclinical with only minor changes in DPOAEs.
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Knipper M, Zimmermann U, Müller M. Molecular aspects of tinnitus. Hear Res 2010; 266:60-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Hoshino T, Tabuchi K, Hara A. Effects of NSAIDs on the Inner Ear: Possible Involvement in Cochlear Protection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:1286-1295. [PMID: 27713301 PMCID: PMC4033980 DOI: 10.3390/ph3051286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 04/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, two important enzymes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, are major targets of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Recent investigations suggest that arachidonic cascades and their metabolites may be involved in maintaining inner ear functions. The excessive use of aspirin may cause tinnitus in humans and impairment of the outer hair cell functions in experimental animals. On the other hand, NSAIDs reportedly exhibit protective effects against various kinds of inner ear disorder. The present review summarizes the effects of NSAIDs on cochlear pathophysiology. NSAIDs are a useful ameliorative adjunct in the management of inner ear disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Hoshino
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Keiji Tabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.
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Salicylate-induced degeneration of cochlea spiral ganglion neurons-apoptosis signaling. Neuroscience 2010; 168:288-99. [PMID: 20298761 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Revised: 03/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin, whose active ingredient is sodium salicylate, is the most widely used drug worldwide, but it is not recommended for children because it may cause Reye's syndrome. High doses of salicylate also induce temporary hearing loss and tinnitus; while these disorders are believed to disappear when treatment is discontinued some data suggest that prolonged treatment may be neurotoxic. To investigate its ototoxicity, immature, postnatal day 3 rat cochlear organotypic cultures were treated with salicylate. Salicylate did not damage the sensory hair cells, but instead damaged the spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) and their peripheral fibers in a dose-dependent manner. The cross-sectional area of SGN decreased from 205 microm(2) in controls to 143, 116, and 91 microm(2) in cultures treated with 1, 3, or 5 mM salicylate, respectively. Morphological changes and caspase upregulation were indicative of caspase-mediated apoptosis. A quantitative RT-PCR apoptosis array identified a subset of genes up- or down regulated by salicylate. Eight genes showed a biologically relevant change (P<0.05, > or =2 fold change) after 3 h treatment with salicylate; seven genes (Tp53, Birc3, Tnfrsf5, Casp7, Nfkb1, Fas, Lta, Tnfsf10) were upregulated and one gene (Pycard) was downregulated. After 6 h treatment, only one gene (Nol3) was upregulated and two genes were downregulated (Cideb and Lhx4) while after 12 h treatment, two genes (Il10, Gadd45a) were upregulated and 4 (Prok2, Card10, Ltbr, Dapk1) were downregulated. High doses of salicylate in a physiologically relevant range can induce caspase-mediated cell death in immature SGN; changes in the expression of apoptotic genes particularly among members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family appear to play an important role in the degeneration.
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Chen GD, Kermany MH, D'Elia A, Ralli M, Tanaka C, Bielefeld EC, Ding D, Henderson D, Salvi R. Too much of a good thing: long-term treatment with salicylate strengthens outer hair cell function but impairs auditory neural activity. Hear Res 2010; 265:63-9. [PMID: 20214971 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2010.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin has been extensively used in clinical settings. Its side effects on auditory function, including hearing loss and tinnitus, are considered as temporary. A recent promising finding is that chronic treatment with high-dose salicylate (the active ingredient of aspirin) for several weeks enhances expression of the outer hair cell (OHC) motor protein (prestin), resulting in strengthened OHC electromotility and enhanced distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). To follow up on these observations, we carried out two studies, one planned study of age-related hearing loss restoration and a second unrelated study of salicylate-induced tinnitus. Rats of different strains and ages were injected with salicylate at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day for 5 days per week for 3 weeks or at higher dose levels (250-350 mg/kg/day) for 4 days per week for 2 weeks. Unexpectedly, while an enhanced or sustained DPOAE was seen, permanent reductions in the amplitude of the cochlear compound action potential (CAP) and the auditory brainstem response (ABR) were often observed after the chronic salicylate treatment. The mechanisms underlying these unexpected, permanent salicylate-induced reductions in neural activity are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Acoustic Stimulation
- Age Factors
- Aging
- Animals
- Cochlear Microphonic Potentials/drug effects
- Cochlear Nerve/drug effects
- Cochlear Nerve/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/drug effects
- Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer/pathology
- Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous/drug effects
- Presbycusis/drug therapy
- Presbycusis/pathology
- Presbycusis/physiopathology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sodium Salicylate/pharmacology
- Sodium Salicylate/toxicity
- Tinnitus/chemically induced
- Tinnitus/pathology
- Tinnitus/physiopathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Di Chen
- Center for Hearing and Deafness, SUNY at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Age-related hearing loss: is it a preventable condition? Hear Res 2009; 264:98-107. [PMID: 19735708 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 09/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous techniques have been tested to attempt to prevent the onset or progression of age-related hearing loss (ARHL): raising the animals in an augmented acoustic environment (used successfully in mouse and rat models), enhancing the antioxidant defenses with exogenous antioxidant treatments (used with mixed results in mouse and rat models), raising the animals with a calorie restricted diet (used successfully in mouse and rat models), restoring lost endocochlear potential voltage with exogenous electrical stimulation (used successfully in the Mongolian gerbil model), and hypothetical enhancement of outer hair cell electromotility with salicylate therapy. Studies of human ARHL have revealed a set of unique hearing loss configurations with unique underlying pathologies. Animal research has developed models for the different forms of age-related peripheral pathology. Using the animal models, different techniques for prevention of ARHL have been developed and tested. The current review discusses ARHL patterns in humans and animal models, followed by discussions of the different prevention techniques.
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