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Li X, Ren B, Kou X, Hou Y, Buque AL, Gao F. Recent advances and prospects of constructed wetlands in cold climates: a review from 2013 to 2023. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:44691-44716. [PMID: 38965108 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Constructed wetland (CW), a promising, environmentally responsible, and effective green ecological treatment technology, is actively involved in the treatment of various forms of wastewater. Low temperatures will, however, lead to issues including plant dormancy, decreased microbial activity, and ice formation in CWs, which will influence how well CWs process wastewater. Applying CWs successfully and continuously in cold areas is extremely difficult. Therefore, it is crucial to find solutions for the pressing issue of increasing the CWs' ability to process wastewater at low temperatures. This review focuses on the effect of cold climate on CWs (plants, substrates, microorganisms, removal effect of pollutants). It meticulously outlines current strategies to enhance CWs' performance under low-temperature conditions, including modifications for the improvement and optimization of the internal components (i.e., plant and substrate selection, bio-augmentation) and enhancement of the external operation conditions of CWs (such as process combination, effluent recirculation, aeration, heat preservation, and operation parameter optimization). Finally, future perspectives on potential research directions and technological innovations that could strengthen CWs' performance in cold climates are prospected. This review aims to contribute valuable insights into the operation strategies, widespread implementation, and subsequent study of CWs in colder climate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Li
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiming Ren
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaomei Kou
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
- Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjie Hou
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Arsenia Luana Buque
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of the Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydrology and Water Security in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions of Ministry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Gao
- Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
- Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
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Ionome of Lithuanian Populations of Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and Its Relation to Genetic Diversity and Environmental Variables. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15030418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen riparian populations of Lithuanian Lythrum salicaria were assessed for leaf macronutrient, micronutrient and non-essential element concentrations and compared to the former obtained molecular data at amplified fragment length polymorphism (PLP.AFLP) loci. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to profile the contents of 12 elements in the leaves. The leaf nutrient concentrations were within normal ranges for growth and development and heavy metal concentrations did not reach toxic levels. The concentrations of macroelements such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and magnesium were in the range of 23,790–38,183; 7327–11,732; 7018–12,306; and 1377–3183 µg/g dry mass (d. m.), respectively; the concentrations of micronutrients such as sodium, iron, zinc and copper varied in the ranges of 536–6328; 24.7–167.1; 10.88–26.24; and 3.72–5.30 µg/g d. m., respectively, and the concentrations of non-essential elements such as lead, nickel, chromium, and cadmium were in the intervals of 0.136–0.940; 0.353–0.783; 0.207–0.467; and 0.012–0.028 µg/g d. m., respectively. When comparing the maximum and minimum values for site elements of L. salicaria, the concentration of N varied by 1.6, K—1.6, Ca—1.8, Mg—2.3, Na—6.1, Fe—6.8, Zn—2.4, Cu—1.5, Pb—6.9, Ni—2.2, Cr—2.2, and Cd—2.3 times. The coefficient of variation (CV) of element concentrations in sites was moderate to large: N—15.4%, K—14.3%, Ca—18.6%, Mg—24.8%, Na—50.7%, Fe—47.0%, Zn—24.9%, Cu—14.5%, Pb—57.1%, Ni—30.11%, Cr—26.0%, and Cd—38.6%. Lythrum salicaria populations growing near regulated riverbeds were characterized by significantly (p < 0.05) lower concentrations of Ca and Mg, and significantly (p < 0.05) higher concentrations of N, K, Fe, Na, Ni, Cr and Cd. The PLP.AFLP was negatively correlated with concentrations of N, Na, Fe, Ni, Cr, and Cd. The L. salicaria population with the lowest leaf N and Na concentration showed the highest genetic polymorphism (PLP.AFLP = 65.4%), while the least polymorphic population (PLP.AFLP = 35.0%) did not show extreme concentrations of either element. In conclusion, our elemental analysis of L. salicaria populations showed that ionomic parameters are related to genomic parameters, and some habitat differences are reflected in the ionomes of the populations.
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Liu X, Chen L, Yu L, Hua Z, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Lu Y, Dong Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Xue H. Removing nutrients from wastewater by constructed wetlands under perfluoroalkyl acids stress. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113334. [PMID: 35452673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are often used to treat wastewater discharged from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), while emerging contaminants (such as perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)) have been commonly discovered in WWTPs. However, no research has examined whether PFOA/OS (i.e. PFOA and PFOS) affects the performance of CW. Therefore, this study compared the nutrient removal efficiencies of four CWs with varied configurations under PFOA/OS and no PFOA/OS stress conditions. We found that CW containing plants or/and iron-carbon had higher removal efficiency for nutrients (except NH4+-N) than conventional CW in stable operation under wastewater without PFOA/OS. Plants or/and iron increased the nutrient removal efficiency by plant uptake, chemical reaction, and co-precipitation of iron hydroxides. In contrast, the iron-carbon inhibited the nitrification of nitrifying bacteria by consuming dissolved oxygen, converting NO3--N to NH4+-N. Although the removal efficiencies of nutrients by CWs differed after introducing PFOA/OS, the removal order was consistent with those before adding PFOA/OS. Plants or/and iron-carbon effectively increased CWs' resistance to PFOA/OS loading and toxicity, and the function of iron-carbon was superior to the plants. In addition, PFOA/OS reduced the abundances of microbes Hydrogenophaga, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Nitrospira, and Candidatus_Accumulibacter that contributed to nutrient removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Luying Chen
- Longteng Engineering Design CO., LTD., Jiangsu, 210014, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, China.
| | - Zulin Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Yixin Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Yueyang Dong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai Universities, Nanjing, 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 210098, China
| | - Hongqin Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Wang J, Li Y, Wang W, Wu H, Kong F, Wang S. Enhancement of wastewater treatment under low temperature using novel electrochemical active biofilms constructed wetland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 312:114913. [PMID: 35306418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrochemical active biofilms constructed wetland (NEAB-CW) was built to enhance the treatment efficiency for domestic sewage under low temperature environment (0-15 °C). In NEAB-CW, the traditional matrixes were replaced with conductive layer, in which laid stainless steel mesh tubes (SSMT) and added slow-release oxygen matrixes (SROM) and zero-valent iron rod (IR) were used to build a bioelectrochemical activity biofilms system. According to the results of 180 d experiment, the removal efficiencies of COD, NH4+-N and TP of NEAB-CW were 1.52 and 2.21, 2.97 and 1.68, 3.95 and 1.76 times higher than the CW without SROM and IR at 10-20 and 0-10 °C, respectively. The transverse and longitudinal electric potential (EP) variations in NEAB-CW improved microbial activities under low temperature by enhancing the electron transfer efficiency, resulting in higher and stable EP and electron currents density, as well as protein-like contents secreted from biofilms. The pollutant-degrading microorganisms (e.g., Clostridia, Simplicispira), low temperature-resistant microorganisms (e.g., Psychrobacter, Acinetobacter), and electrochemical active microorganisms (e.g., Negativicutes, Gammaproteobacteria) obviously accumulated in NEAB-CW under low temperature environment to generate electricity and degrade pollutants. The results provided a good choice to treat domestic sewage at 0-15 °C by using NEAB-CW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junru Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenyue Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huazhen Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fanlong Kong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Sen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Chu S, Qu Q, Pan K, Xu Y, Xiao J. A new Fe-C porous filter material from dredged sediment: preparation, characterization, and its application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:66303-66312. [PMID: 34331648 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15642-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A new Fe-C porous filter material was prepared with dredged sediment of river as raw material. The orthogonal test L9(34) and component ratio experiment of raw material were conducted to investigate the optimum technological condition. Further, the filter obtained was characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed that the optimal technological condition was sludge: straw: starch: iron powder: foam: iron powder 74.5: 10: 7.5: 3: 5, preheating temperature 280 °C, preheating 15 min, sintering temperature 1080 °C, and sintering 11 min. The BET surface area of the filter was 3.32 m2 g-1, and average pore size was 10.05 nm. Phase composition mainly included SiO2, Fe3O4, Fe2O3, and muscovite (KAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)2). Average effluent concentrations of total phosphorus (TP), total organic carbon (TOC), and total nitrogen (TN) of the biofilter system filled with the filter obtained were decreased to 0.08, 3.43, and 3.76 mg L-1, separately, at hydraulic retention time 4 h. Thus, the filter prepared with dredged sediment of rive as raw material is an alternative material for polluted river water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Chu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology (Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Science), Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Qian Qu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Keke Pan
- Southern Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology (Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Science), Wenzhou, 325006, China
| | - Yunjie Xu
- Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Wencheng County, Wenzhou, 325300, China
| | - Jibo Xiao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Liao Y, Li S, Zhu X, Dang Z, Tang S, Ji G. The promotion and inhibition effect of graphene oxide on the process of microbial denitrification at low temperature. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 340:125636. [PMID: 34315127 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study found that graphene oxide (GO) improved microbial denitrification at low temperatures (~12 °C), and the optimal concentration was 10 mg/L as the removal rate of NO3-N increased by 17%. At the optimal concentration, GO improved the electron transport system activity of the microbes and enhanced the activity of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase while exhibited low microbial toxicity. The addition of GO increased the content of tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The results of fluorescence spectrometer indicated that GO accelerated the renewal of bound EPS (B-EPS). Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that GO affected the secondary structure of the protein in B-EPS, making B-EPS more hydrophobic and promoting microbial aggregation. B-EPS affected by GO can promote the electron transfer process of microorganisms. However, high concentration (>25 mg/L) of GO may inhibit denitrification by competing for electrons, which was not conducive to denitrification thermodynamically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xianfang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengzhu Dang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuangyu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guodong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Varma M, Gupta AK, Ghosal PS, Majumder A. A review on performance of constructed wetlands in tropical and cold climate: Insights of mechanism, role of influencing factors, and system modification in low temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142540. [PMID: 33038812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are one of the most promising and sustainable alternatives for wastewater treatment that are being successfully implemented in several countries, especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The predominant mechanisms of removal of contaminants in CWs are microbial degradation, phytodegradation, phytoextraction, filtration, sedimentation, and adsorption, etc. Vertical flow subsurface CWs and hybrid CWs demonstrated promising results in terms of TN, BOD, and COD removal, while horizontal flow subsurface CWs were proficient in removal of TP. The performance of the CWs depends upon a various factors, such as hydraulic loading rate, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, etc. Among these, low temperature had the most antagonistic effect on the performance of the CWs because freezing ambient temperature lead to ice formation, hydraulic imperfections, malfunctioning of biotic and abiotic components, etc. Over the past three decades, thousands of studies have been conducted involving treatment of wastewater using CWs, among which only few have addressed the issues and concerns of cold climate representing a significant research gap in this field. Furthermore, the performance of CWs in terms of TN, TP, and COD removal was significantly lower in cold climates than that in tropical and sub-tropical climates. In order to find suitable remedies to overcome the challenges faced in cold climate various modifications, such as incorporating greenhouse structure, providing insulating materials, bio-augmentation, identification of suitable macrophytes, etc., in around 20 different scenarios have been studied. Greenhouse construction led to 20% increase in removal of TN and COD, while plant collocation accounted for up to 18% increase in the removal of COD. Artificial aeration, insulation and bio-augmentation also enhanced the performance of the CWs in low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Varma
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India.
| | - Ashok Kumar Gupta
- Environmental Engineering Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Ghosal
- School of Water Resources, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721 302, India.
| | - Abhradeep Majumder
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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Cheng R, Zhu H, Shutes B, Yan B. Treatment of microcystin (MC-LR) and nutrients in eutrophic water by constructed wetlands: Performance and microbial community. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128139. [PMID: 33297127 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms and microcystins (MCs) pollution pose serious threat to aquatic ecosystem and public health. Planted and unplanted constructed wetlands (CWs) filled with four substrates (i.e., gravel (G-CWs), ceramsite (C-CWs), iron-carbon (I-CWs) and slag (S-CWs)) were established to evaluate nutrients and a typical MCs variant (i.e., MC-LR) removal efficiency from eutrophic water affected by the presence of plant and different substrate. The response of the microbial community to the above factors was also analyzed in this study. The results indicate that the presence of plant can generally enhance nutrients and MC-LR removal efficiency in CWs, except for I-CWs. Throughout the experiment, all CWs exhibited good nitrogen removal efficiency with removal percentages exceeding 90%; TP and MC-LR average removal efficiency of C-CWs and I-CWs were greater than G-CWs and S-CWs irrespective of the presence of plant. The best MC-LR removal efficiency under different MC-LR loads was observed in planted C-CWs (ranged from 91.56% to 95.16%). Except for I-CWs, the presence of plant can enhance relative abundances of functional microorganisms involved in nutrients removal (e.g., Comamonadaceae and Planctomycetaceae) and MCs degradation (e.g., Burkholderiaceae). The microbial community diversity of I-CWs was simplified, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was highest in this study. The highest relative abundances of Comamonadaceae, Planctomycetaceae and Burkholderiaceae were observed in planted C-CWs. Overall, ceramisite and iron-carbon were more suitable to be applied in CWs for nutrients and MC-LR removal. This study provides a theoretical basis for practical application of CWs in eutrophication and MCs pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun, 130102, China.
| | - Brian Shutes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China; Jilin Provincial Engineering Center of CWs Design in Cold Region & Beautiful Country Construction, Changchun, 130102, China
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Ma Y, Zheng P, Dai W, Zheng X, He S, Zhao M. Pathways regulating nitrogen removal in constructed ditch wetlands: effects of different inflow ratios and artificial aeration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:42571-42581. [PMID: 32712934 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10224-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Constructed ditch wetland (CDW) is a combination of idle ditch and constructed wetland, which is typically used in rural areas to remove pollutants from domestic wastewater. However, its low total nitrogen (TN) removal remains a pressing issue. To enhance total nitrogen removal, an approach of supplying water at two locations in the CDW at different influent flow ratios, combined with artificial aeration, was proposed to adjust carbon and oxygen distribution in the system. The highest average TN removal was achieved at low influent concentration (CDW4; influent flow ratio 1:2). The removal of TN in winter and spring were 58.93 and 83.26%, respectively. The distribution of carbon sources in the back zone enhanced denitrification. Of the high influent concentration treatments, CDW2 (2:1) achieved 16.97% more TN removal on average compared with CDW1 (3:0), after extra artificial aeration was applied in the front zone. However, nitrification was a limiting step in the system, which became the primary problem preventing pollutant purification. Moreover, nitrifying bacteria abundance was negatively correlated to the influent flow ratio and autotrophic denitrifying bacterial abundance was positively correlated to the influent flow ratios. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Peiru Zheng
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wanqing Dai
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiangyong Zheng
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
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Du L, Chen Y, Chen Y, Zhuge Z, Fu X. Performance of woody and herbaceous plant polyculture in constructed wetland for treating domestic wastewater. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:679-686. [PMID: 32107924 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1707163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effect of polyculture of woody and herbaceous plant with different ecological niche in constructed wetlands (CWs) on wastewater treatment is unclear. Herein, three kinds of polyculture CWs were constructed to treat domestic wastewater: woody polyculture system (W, Nerium and Hibiscus), herbaceous polyculture system (H, Acorus and Typha), woody and herbaceous polyculture system (WH, Nerium, Hibiscus, Acorus and Typha) and non-planted system (N) as control. The seasonality removal performance of pollutant, activities of urease and phosphatase, microscopic characteristics of roots were measured. Results showed that the average removals of COD, TN and TP in WH were significantly higher than that in the other systems. Interspecies competition existed in WH system, while the difference in terms of biomass gradually diminished. Furthermore, the root lengths, area, volume and tip number were higher compared to the other systems. The correlation between the removal rate of TP and activity of phosphatase in upper and bottom layer of CWs showed the opposite tendency, the distribution of plant roots in polyculture essentially impact TP removal rate in CWs. Our results provide the necessary insights for appropriately selecting different plant types for doing polyculture in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Zhengdong Zhuge
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Xinxi Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, P. R. China
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11
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The Improvement of Pollutant Removal in the Ferric-Carbon Micro-Electrolysis Constructed Wetland by Partial Aeration. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12020389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Subsurface flow constructed wetland (SSFCW) has been applied for wastewater treatment for several decades. In recent years, the combination of ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis (Fe/C-M/E) and SSFCW was proven to be an effective method of multifarious sewage treatment. However, Ferric substrate created a relatively reductive condition, decreased the oxidation efficiency of NH4+-N, and blocked the following denitrification process, which led to the low removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and total nitrogen (TN). In this study, partial aeration was introduced into the ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis SSFCW (Fe/C-M/E CW) system to solve the problem above. The water quality and nitrogen-related functional genes of bacteria on the surface of substrate were measured for mechanism exploration. The results showed that, the removal efficiencies of NH4+-N and total phosphorus (TP) in an aerated Fe/C-M/E CW system were 96.97% ± 6.06% and 84.62% ± 8.47%, much higher than 43.33% ± 11.27% and 60.16% ± 2.95% in the unaerated Fe/C-M/E CW systems. However, the TN removal in Fe/C-M/E CW system was not enhanced by aeration, which could be optimized by extending more anoxic section for denitrification.
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12
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Xu J, Liu X, Huang J, Huang M, Wang T, Bao S, Tang W, Fang T. The contributions and mechanisms of iron-microbes-biochar in constructed wetlands for nitrate removal from low carbon/nitrogen ratio wastewater. RSC Adv 2020; 10:23212-23220. [PMID: 35520335 PMCID: PMC9054680 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03609a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The removal efficiency of nitrate from low carbon/nitrogen ratio wastewater has been restricted by the lack of organics for several decades. Here, a system coupling chemical reduction, microbial denitrification and constructed wetlands (RDCWs) was developed to investigate the effect and possible mechanisms for nitrate degradation. The results showed that this coupling system could achieve a nitrate removal efficiency of 97.07 ± 1.76%, 85.91 ± 3.02% and 56.63 ± 2.88% at a hydraulic retention time of 24 h, 12 h and 6 h with feeding nitrate of 15 mg L−1, respectively. These removal efficiencies of nitrate were partly caused by microbes and biochar with a contribution rate of 31.08 ± 4.43% and 9.50 ± 3.30%. Besides, microbes were closely related to iron and biochar for the removal of nitrate. Simplicispira was able to utilize hydrogen produced by iron corrosion as an electron donor while nitrate accepted electrons to be reduced. Porous biochar could release dissolved organic matter, which provided a good living circumstance and carbon source for microbes. Therefore, the RDCW system is potential for large-scale application due to its low cost and simple operation. Schematic diagram of RDCWs system and proposed mechanisms for nitrate removal.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Xiawei Liu
- Institute of Hydrobiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Jiaolong Huang
- Institute of Hydrobiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Manqi Huang
- Institute of Hydrobiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Hydrobiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shaopan Bao
- Institute of Hydrobiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Wei Tang
- Institute of Hydrobiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
| | - Tao Fang
- Institute of Hydrobiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wuhan 430072
- China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
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13
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Zhang Y, Liu X, Fu C, Li X, Yan B, Shi T. Effect of Fe 2+ addition on chemical oxygen demand and nitrogen removal in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:259-265. [PMID: 30590292 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CWs) planted with Phragmites australis were set up to analyze the effect of external ferrous iron (Fe2+) addition on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nitrogen removal. The results showed that external Fe2+ addition has no significant effect on COD removal, while the COD removal efficiencies in CWs with Fe2+ addition were slightly lower than those in CWs without Fe2+ addition, since Fe2+ as an electron donor for denitrification may decrease the consumption of organic carbon. However, external Fe2+ addition significantly enhanced the nitrogen removal capability of the CWs. With an increase in external Fe2+ concentration, the removal efficiencies for total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3N), and ammonium nitrogen (NH4N) all increased. The removal efficiencies for TN and NH4N were greatest for an influent Fe2+ concentration of 50 mg L-1, while the greatest removal efficiencies for NO3N were observed at an influent Fe2+ concentration of 150 mg L-1. With increasing hydraulic retention time (HRT), the COD and NO3N removal efficiencies in the CWs with external Fe2+ addition increase sharply and then became stable, while the removal efficiency for TN exhibited a continuous increase. The removal efficiency for NH4N was greatest at an HRT of 5 d-7 d with Fe2+ addition. The change in pH with increasing HRT indicated that external Fe2+ addition did not significantly affect the pH value of the effluent water, but that the wetland systems caused an increase in effluent pH. Fe2+ addition remarkably reduced the oxygen-reduction potential of both the influent and effluent water, which was beneficial to denitrification of microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250023, PR China
| | - Xuelan Liu
- Poultry Institute, Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250023, PR China.
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Poultry Institute, Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250023, PR China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Shandong Institute of Agricultural Sustainable Development, Jinan 250100, PR China
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Tianhong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Shangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan 250023, PR China
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14
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Lavrnić S, Cristino S, Zapater-Pereyra M, Vymazal J, Cupido D, Lucchese G, Mancini B, Mancini ML. Effect of earthworms and plants on the efficiency of vertical flow systems treating university wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:10354-10362. [PMID: 30761495 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the possible ways to improve the operation efficiency of constructed wetlands and to prevent their clogging is the application of earthworms. They have already been successfully applied for vermicomposting and for sludge dewatering and treatment. A few studies have already examined the effect of earthworms on the treatment of wastewater by vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs), but none of them have provided a yearlong research result from an open-air system or compared the effect that different seasons in a temperate climate area can have on these invertebrates. The goal of this research was to estimate the effect that earthworms and plants have on VFCW's operation. Four mesocosms (a filter, a filter with earthworms, a VFCW and a VFCW with earthworms) were built and their influent and effluent water quality was monitored for a period of 1 year. They were fed with wastewater coming from a building of the University of Bologna (Italy). The results have shown that the presence of earthworms in this specific system did not reduce the organic matter content of the substrate, but it has positively influenced plants' growth. However, since neither earthworms nor plants had a statistically significant effect on the effluent quality, it can be concluded that the integration of these invertebrates cannot improve wastewater treatment of vertical flow filters or constructed wetlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevo Lavrnić
- Campus de Puerto Real, University of Cádiz, Polígono San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11519, Cádiz, Spain.
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, University of Bologna, Via Umberto Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sandra Cristino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Jan Vymazal
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 21, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Domenico Cupido
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, University of Bologna, Via Umberto Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lucchese
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, University of Bologna, Via Umberto Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mancini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 12, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio L Mancini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, University of Bologna, Via Umberto Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Andleeb KB, Hashmi I. Impact of meteorological conditions on the water quality of wastewater treatment systems: a comparative study of phytoremediation and membrane bioreactor system. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 2017:718-728. [PMID: 30016289 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two demonstration wastewater treatment systems, i.e. a phytoremediation system and a membrane bioreactor (MBR) system, were studied for a six-month period from August 2016 to January 2017. The phytoremediation system consists of wetland cells implanted with diverse phytoremediation macrophyte species at NUST H-12 sector Islamabad, Pakistan, while the MBR system comprises primary clarifiers, membrane tanks and bio tanks that treat domestic wastewater through hybridization of biological and biomechanical techniques. The phytoremediation system receives domestic wastewater at the rate of 283 m3/d, and greater hydraulic efficiencies were achieved because of compartmentalization and higher aspect ratios, whereas the MBR system receives 50 m3/d. The present study was conducted to analyze and compare the correlation between water quality parameters of wastewater treatment systems and meteorological conditions. Statistically significant correlation was exhibited between eight water quality parameters (pH, EC, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total coliforms (TC)) and meteorological factors (ambient temperature and relative humidity). Predominant species isolated and identified through polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA sequencing from wastewater of the phytoremediation system and sludge of the MBR system belong to the phylum Proteobacteria with relatively higher abundance of Enterobacter, Shigella, Escherichia and Salmonella genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khush Bakht Andleeb
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan E-mail:
| | - Imran Hashmi
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan E-mail:
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16
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Zhu H, Zhou QW, Yan BX, Liang YX, Yu XF, Gerchman Y, Cheng XW. Influence of vegetation type and temperature on the performance of constructed wetlands for nutrient removal. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:829-837. [PMID: 29431728 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the influence of vegetation type and environmental temperature on performance of constructed wetlands (CWs) was investigated. Results of vegetation types indicated that the removal of most nutrients in polyculture was greater than those in monoculture and unplanted control. The greatest removal percentages of NH4+-N, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in polyculture were 98.7%, 98.5%, and 92.6%, respectively. In experiments of different temperatures, the removal percentages of NH4+-N, NO3--N, TN and TP in all CWs tended to decrease with the decline of temperature. Especially, a sharp decline in the removal percentages of NO3--N (decreased by above 13.8%) and TN (decreased by above 7.9%) of all CWs was observed at low temperature (average temperature of 8.9 °C). Overall, the performance of CWs was obviously influenced by temperature, and the polyculture still showed best performance in the removal of nitrogen when the average temperature dropped to 19.8 °C. Additionally, the variations of urease activities in rhizosphere soil tended to decrease with the decreasing temperature. Overall, a substantial enhancement for nitrogen and TP removal in polyculture (Canna indica + Lythrum salicaria) was observed. In conclusion, CW cultivated with polyculture was a good strategy for enhancing nutrient removal when temperature was above 19.8 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China E-mail:
| | - Qing-Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China E-mail: ; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bai-Xing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China E-mail:
| | - Yin-Xiu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China E-mail: ; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China E-mail: ; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | | | - Xian-Wei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China E-mail: ; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
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