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Gissandaner TD, Wen A, Gette JA, Perry KJ, Mutignani LM, Regan T, Malloch L, Tucker LC, White CB, Fry TB, Lim CS, Annett RD. Considerations and Determinants of Discharge Decisions among Prenatal Substance Exposed Infants. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2024; 29:246-258. [PMID: 36917045 PMCID: PMC10500030 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231161996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Limited research has examined a comprehensive set of predictors when evaluating discharge placement decisions for infants exposed to substances prenatally. Using a previously validated medical record data extraction tool, the current study examined prenatal substance exposure, infant intervention (i.e., pharmacologic, or non-pharmacologic), and demographic factors (e.g., race and ethnicity and rurality) as predictors of associations with discharge placement in a sample from a resource-poor state (N = 136; 69.9% Non-Hispanic White). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to examine whether different classes emerged and how classes were differentially related to discharge placement decisions. Logistic regressions were used to determine whether each predictor was uniquely associated with placement decisions. Results of the LCA yielded a two-class solution comprised of (1) a Low Withdrawal Risk class, characterized by prenatal exposure to substances with low risk for neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) and non-pharmacologic intervention, and (2) a High Withdrawal Risk class, characterized by a high risk of NAS and pharmacologic intervention. Classes were not related to discharge placement decisions. Logistic regressions demonstrated that meth/amphetamine use during pregnancy was associated with greater odds of out of home placement above other substance types. Future research should replicate and continue examining the clinical utility of these classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tre D. Gissandaner
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alainna Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jordan A. Gette
- Center of Alcohol and Substance Use Studies, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Kristin J. Perry
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Lauren M. Mutignani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Regan
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lacy Malloch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lauren C. Tucker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | | | - Taylor B. Fry
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Crystal S. Lim
- Department of Health Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Robert D. Annett
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Music J, Sterling B, Charlebois S, Goedhart C. Comparison of perceptions in Canada and USA regarding cannabis and edibles. J Cannabis Res 2024; 6:1. [PMID: 38167591 PMCID: PMC10763328 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-023-00213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canada took a national approach to recreational cannabis that resulted in official legalization on October 17, 2018. In the United States (US), the approach has been more piecemeal, with individual states passing their own laws regulating adult use. The objective of this study was to compare the two jurisdictions. METHODS Two exploratory, quantitative surveys were administered in May of 2021 in both Canada and the US. One thousand forty-seven Canadian and 1037 US residents (age 19 and older) were surveyed on approaches to and attendant regulations of consumer cannabis. Tests of significance were performed to analyze differences between two groups. RESULTS No statistically significant differences exist between the two countries in terms of cannabis legalization acceptance. Usage rates among adults was similar with 45% of Canadians and 42% of Americans confirming they consume cannabis. Respondents maintain that they intend to increase their usage, with edibles attracting a rising level of interest from consumers. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that public policy in both Canada and the USA needs to change to reflect rapidly evolving acceptance of cannabis products in North America to realize potential economic returns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Music
- Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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