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Rodriguez NR, Fortune T, Hegde E, Weinstein MP, Keane AM, Mangold JF, Swartz TH. Oxidative phosphorylation in HIV-1 infection: impacts on cellular metabolism and immune function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360342. [PMID: 38529284 PMCID: PMC10962326 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) presents significant challenges to the immune system, predominantly characterized by CD4+ T cell depletion, leading to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively suppresses the viral load in people with HIV (PWH), leading to a state of chronic infection that is associated with inflammation. This review explores the complex relationship between oxidative phosphorylation, a crucial metabolic pathway for cellular energy production, and HIV-1, emphasizing the dual impact of HIV-1 infection and the metabolic and mitochondrial effects of ART. The review highlights how HIV-1 infection disrupts oxidative phosphorylation, promoting glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis to facilitate viral replication. ART can exacerbate metabolic dysregulation despite controlling viral replication, impacting mitochondrial DNA synthesis and enhancing reactive oxygen species production. These effects collectively contribute to significant changes in oxidative phosphorylation, influencing immune cell metabolism and function. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generated through oxidative phosphorylation can influence the metabolic landscape of infected cells through ATP-detected purinergic signaling and contributes to immunometabolic dysfunction. Future research should focus on identifying specific targets within this pathway and exploring the role of purinergic signaling in HIV-1 pathogenesis to enhance HIV-1 treatment modalities, addressing both viral infection and its metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Talia H. Swartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Daei S, Ildarabadi A, Goodarzi S, Mohamadi-Sartang M. Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Vascular Endothelial Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2024; 31:113-126. [PMID: 38630421 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-024-00630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has gained attention as a potential therapeutic agent for improving endothelial function. Several randomized clinical trials have investigated CoQ10 supplementation's effect on endothelial function. However, these studies have yielded conflicting results, therefore this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to assess the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on endothelial factors. METHODS A comprehensive search was done in numerous databases until July 19th, 2023. Quantitative data synthesis was performed using a random-effects model, with weight mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Standard methods were used for the assessment of heterogeneity, meta-regression, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias. RESULTS 12 studies comprising 489 subjects were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated significant increases in Flow Mediated Dilation (FMD) after CoQ10 supplementation (WMD: 1.45; 95% CI: 0.55 to 2.36; p < 0.02), but there is no increase in Vascular cell adhesion protein (VCAM), and Intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) following Q10 supplementation (VCAM: SMD: - 0.34; 95% CI: - 0.74 to - 0.06; p < 0.10) (ICAM: SMD: - 0.18; 95% CI: - 0.82 to 0.46; p < 0.57). The sensitivity analysis showed that the effect size was robust in FMD and VCAM. In meta-regression, changes in FMD percent were associated with the dose of supplementation (slope: 0.01; 95% CI: 0.004 to 0.03; p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS CoQ10 supplementation has a positive effect on FMD in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings show that CoQ10 has an effect on FMD after 8 weeks of consumption. Additional research is warranted to establish the relationship between CoQ10 supplementation and endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Daei
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Ildarabadi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Goodarzi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Mohamadi-Sartang
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mokgalaboni K, Phoswa WN, Yates S, Lebelo SL, Madiba S, Modjadji P. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Statin Treatment in HIV Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095668. [PMID: 37174188 PMCID: PMC10177940 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The rate of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections globally is alarming. Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) improves the quality of life among this group of patients, ARTs are associated with risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Moreover, virally suppressed patients still experience immune activation associated with HIV migration from reservoir sites. Statins are widely recommended as therapeutic agents to control ART-related CVD; however, their impacts on the cluster of differentiation (CD)4 count and viral load are inconsistent. To assess the effect of statins on markers of HIV infections, immune activation and cholesterol, we thoroughly reviewed evidence from randomised controlled trials. We found 20 relevant trials from three databases with 1802 people living with HIV (PLHIV) on statin-placebo treatment. Our evidence showed no significant effect on CD4 T-cell count standardised mean difference (SMD): (-0.59, 95% confidence intervals (CI): (-1.38, 0.19), p = 0.14) following statin intervention in PLHIV on ART. We also found no significant difference in baseline CD4 T-cell count (SD: (-0.01, 95%CI: (-0.25, 0.23), p = 0.95). Our findings revealed no significant association between statins and risk of viral rebound in PLHIV with undetectable viral load risk ratio (RR): (1.01, 95% CI: (0.98, 1.04), p = 0.65). Additionally, we found a significant increase in CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+ T-cells (SMD (1.10, 95% CI: (0.93, 1.28), p < 0.00001) and CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ T-cells (SMD (0.92, 95% CI: (0.32, 1.52), p = 0.003). Finally, compared to placebo, statins significantly reduced total cholesterol (SMD: (-2.87, 95% CI: (-4.08, -1.65), p < 0.0001)). Our results suggest that the statin lipid-lowering effect in PLHIV on ART may elevate immune activation without influencing the viral load and CD4 count. However, due to the limited evidence synthesised in this meta-analysis, we recommend that future powered trials with sufficient sample sizes evaluate statins' effect on CD4 count and viral load, especially in virally suppressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabelo Mokgalaboni
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Wendy Nokhwezi Phoswa
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Samantha Yates
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Sogolo Lucky Lebelo
- Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa
| | - Sphiwe Madiba
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Limpopo, Polokwane 0700, South Africa
| | - Perpetua Modjadji
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
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The impact of statins on physical activity and exercise capacity: an overview of the evidence, mechanisms, and recommendations. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1205-1225. [PMID: 32248287 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Statins are among the most widely prescribed medications worldwide. Considered the 'gold-standard' treatment for cardiovascular disease (CVD), statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase to ultimately reduce serum LDL-cholesterol levels. Unfortunately, the main adverse event of statin use is the development of muscle-associated problems, referred to as SAMS (statin-associated muscle symptoms). While regular moderate physical activity also decreases CVD risk, there is apprehension that physical activity may induce and/or exacerbate SAMS. While much work has gone into identifying the epidemiology of SAMS, only recent research has focused on the extent to which these muscle symptoms are accompanied by functional declines. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of possible mechanisms underlying SAMS and summarize current evidence regarding the relationship between statin treatment, physical activity, exercise capacity, and SAMS development. METHODS PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to search the most relevant and up-to-date peer-reviewed research on the topic. RESULTS The mechanism(s) behind SAMS, including altered mitochondrial metabolism, reduced coenzyme Q10 levels, reduced vitamin D levels, impaired calcium homeostasis, elevated extracellular glutamate, and genetic polymorphisms, still lack consensus and remain up for debate. Our summation of the evidence leads us to suggest that the etiology of SAMS development is likely multifactorial. Our review also demonstrates that there is limited evidence for statins impairing exercise adaptations or reducing exercise capacity for the majority of the investigated populations. CONCLUSION The available evidence indicates that the benefits of engaging in physical activity while on statin medication largely outweigh the risks.
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Gröber U, Schmidt J, Kisters K. Important drug-micronutrient interactions: A selection for clinical practice. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:257-275. [PMID: 30580552 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1522613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between drugs and micronutrients have received only little or no attention in the medical and pharmaceutical world in the past. Since more and more pharmaceutics are used for the treatment of patients, this topic is increasingly relevant. As such interactions - depending on the duration of treatment and the status of micronutrients - impact the health of the patient and the action of the drugs, physicians and pharmacists should pay more attention to such interactions in the future. This review aims to sensitize physicians and pharmacists on drug micronutrient interactions with selected examples of widely pescribed drugs that can precipitate micronutrient deficiencies. In this context, the pharmacist, as a drug expert, assumes a particular role. Like no other professional in the health care sector, he is particularly predestined and called up to respond to this task. The following article intends to point out the relevance of mutual interactions between micronutrients and various examples of widely used drugs, without claiming to be exhaustive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Gröber
- Academy of Micronutrient Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Kisters
- Academy of Micronutrient Medicine, Essen, Germany.,Medizinische Klinik I, St. Anna Hospital, Herne, Germany
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Qu H, Meng YY, Chai H, Liang F, Zhang JY, Gao ZY, Shi DZ. The effect of statin treatment on circulating coenzyme Q10 concentrations: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Med Res 2018; 23:57. [PMID: 30414615 PMCID: PMC6230224 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-018-0353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of statin treatment on circulating coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) has been studied in numerous randomized controlled trails (RCTs). However, whether statin treatment decreases circulating CoQ10 is still controversial. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify RCTs to investigate the effect of statin treatment on circulating CoQ10. We calculated the pooled standard mean difference (SMD) using a fixed effect model or random effect model to assess the effect of statin treatment on circulating CoQ10. The methodological quality of the studies was determined according to the Cochrane Handbook. Publication bias was evaluated by a funnel plot, the Egger regression test, and the Begg-Mazumdar correlation test. RESULTS Twelve RCTs with a total of 1776 participants were evaluated. Compared with placebo, statin treatment resulted in a reduction of circulating CoQ10 (SMD, - 2.12; 95% CI, - 3.40 to - 0.84; p = 0.001), which was not associated with the duration of statin treatment (Exp, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.03; p = 0.994). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that both lipophilic statins (SMD, - 1.91; 95% CI, - 3.62 to 0.2; p = 0.017) and hydrophilic statins (SMD, - 2.36; 95% CI, - 4.30 to - 0.42; p = 0.028) decreased circulating CoQ10, and no obvious difference was observed between the two groups (SMD, - 0.20; 95% CI, - 0.208 to 0.618; p = 0.320). In addition, both low-middle intensity statins (SMD, - 2.403; 95% CI, - 3.992 to - 0.813; p < 0.001) and high intensity statins (SMD, - 1.727; 95% CI, - 2.746 to - 0.709; p < 0.001) decreased circulating CoQ10. Meta-regression showed that the effect of statin on decreasing circulating CoQ10 was not closely associated with the duration of statin treatment (Exp, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.97 to 1.03; p = 0.994). CONCLUSIONS Statin treatment decreased circulating CoQ10 but was not associated with the statin solution, intensity, or treatment time. The findings of this study provide a potential mechanism for statin-associated muscle symptoms (SAMS) and suggest that CoQ10 supplementation may be a promising complementary approach for SAMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Qu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Yan Meng
- Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Chai
- Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Liang
- Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Yi Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu-Ye Gao
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Da-Zhuo Shi
- China Heart Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Borisova-Mubarakshina MM, Ivanov BN, Orekhova NI, Osochuk SS. Antioxidant Properties of Plastoquinone and Prospects of its Practical Application. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350918060040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Finsterer J, Zarrouk-Mahjoub S. Causes of low muscle coenzyme-Q levels beyond primary coenzyme-Q-deficiency. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2018; 15:96-97. [PMID: 30023295 PMCID: PMC6047107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sinda Zarrouk-Mahjoub
- University of Tunis El Manar and Genomics Platform, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, Tunisia
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