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Uche EI, Chukwukaodinaka NE, Akinbami AA, Adeyemi OI, Hassan AO, Bamiro RA, Ibrahim IN, Suleiman AM, Augustine B, Anaduaka DC. Common hepatitis B virus genotypes among blood donors in Lagos, Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J 2022; 29:228-235. [PMID: 35900459 DOI: 10.4103/npmj.npmj_19_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the public health diseases causing global health problems. It is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Blood transfusion is a major route of its transmission and screening of blood is suboptimal in our environment. Occult HBV infection describes the presence of HBV DNA in blood or liver tissue in patients who are hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seronegative. This study documented the common genotypes of HBV a blood-borne infection in the population of blood donors in Lagos. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the blood donor clinics of ten Lagos State Government-owned hospitals in Lagos State. A total of 1400 participants were recruited consecutively from November 2020 to June 2021. All participants' samples were screened using Diaspot Rapid Test Kit (RTK) and Dialabenzyme enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Furthermore, some of the plasma samples were used for HBV DNA extraction and genotyping using the real time-polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26 and P value was considered significant at ≤0.05. RESULTS The sero-prevalence of HBsAg using RTK and ELISA was 19.9% and 22.4%, respectively. The prevalence of occult HBV infection was 5.2%. A total of 278 and 313 HBsAg RTK and ELISA positive samples were obtained, respectively. HBV genotype result had A (46.6%) as the most prevalent followed closely by B (44.7%), E (23.8%), D (20.9%) and C (11.2%). CONCLUSION HBV infection has a high prevalence among blood donors. ELISA is a more sensitive screening tool and its use should be advocated nationally. HBV genotype A is the most prevalent genotype from our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebele I Uche
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Nwakaego E Chukwukaodinaka
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Akinsegun A Akinbami
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin I Adeyemi
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Aderonke O Hassan
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Rafah A Bamiro
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Ismaila Nda Ibrahim
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Aisha M Suleiman
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Augustine
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Doris Chinyelu Anaduaka
- Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria
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Akpa O, Babalola O, Odetunde A, Fagbamigbe A, Fasola F, Brown B, Alamukii N, Babalola C, Odaibo G, Falusi A. Correlates of transfusion transmissible infections among patients with sickle cell disease in Nigeria: case-control study. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2022; 43:435-451. [PMID: 35285420 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2022.2046601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) such as Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are among the most frequent complications in individuals with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). We investigated factors associated with TTIs in SCD patients and controls in South-west Nigeria. A total of 2,034 participants with or without SCD were recruited in a matched case-control study. HIV, HBV and HCV infections were diagnosed using commercialy available ELISA kits (Biorad, Paris). Samples positive for HIV ELISA were further confirmed using Western blot. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired/independent t-test and logistic regression at p = .05. Proportion with HBV was higher among those with multiple sexual partners (12.7%), tattoo/body incision (11.8%), and sharing of sharp objects (7.3%), but HIV was only higher among participants with history of tattoo/body incision (1.5%). Prevalence of TTIs was similar among participants with or without transfusion. History of sharing sharp objects (adjusted odds ratios (aOR) = 1.72; 95%CI:1.11-2.66) and tattoo/body incision (aOR = 1.89; 95%CI:1.22-2.94) almost doubled the risk of HBV. TTIs are endemic in the studied area. Certain lifestyles predispose people to TTIs than having blood transfusion. Population-based intervention targeting lifestyle changes may reduce the risk of TTIs in the study area.Abbrveviations AA: Hemoglobin AA; AC: Hemoglobin AC; aOR: adjusted Odds Ratios; AS: Hemoglobin AS; CHOP: Children Outpatient; CI: Confidence Interval; EDTA: Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid; GOP: General Outpatient; HBV: Hepatitis B Virus; HCV: Hepatitis C Virus; HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus; HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography; IAMRAT: Advanced Medical Research & Training; IDU: Injection Drug Use; MOP: Medical Outpatient; SC: Hemoglobin SC; SCD: Sickle cell disease; SD: Standard Deviation; SF: Hemoglobin SF; SS: Hemoglobin SS; STDs: Sexually Transmitted Diseases; TTI: Transfusion transmissible infections; UCH: University College Hospital Ibadan; UI: University of Ibadan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onoja Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Institute for Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatoyin Babalola
- Genetics & Bioethics Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abayomi Odetunde
- Genetics & Bioethics Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeniyi Fagbamigbe
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Foluke Fasola
- Department of Haematology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Biobele Brown
- Department of Paediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Nanfizat Alamukii
- Genetics & Bioethics Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Chinedum Babalola
- Genetics & Bioethics Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Georgina Odaibo
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeyinka Falusi
- Genetics & Bioethics Research Unit, Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training (IAMRAT), College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.,Sickle Cell Hope Alive Foundation (SCHAF), Ibadan, Nigeria
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3
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Ajuwon BI, Yujuico I, Roper K, Richardson A, Sheel M, Lidbury BA. Hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria: a systematic review and meta-analysis of data published between 2010 and 2019. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1120. [PMID: 34717586 PMCID: PMC8556927 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an infectious disease of global significance, causing a significant health burden in Africa due to complications associated with infection, such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. In Nigeria, which is considered a high prevalence country, estimates of HBV cases are inconsistent, and therefore additional clarity is required to manage HBV-associated public health challenges. Methods A systematic review of the literature (via PubMed, Advanced Google Scholar, African Index Medicus) was conducted to retrieve primary studies published between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019, with a random-effects model based on proportions used to estimate the population-based prevalence of HBV in the Nigerian population. Results The final analyses included 47 studies with 21,702 participants that revealed a pooled prevalence of 9.5%. A prevalence estimate above 8% in a population is classified as high. Sub-group analyses revealed the highest HBV prevalence in rural settings (10.7%). The North West region had the highest prevalence (12.1%) among Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones/regions. The estimate of total variation between studies indicated substantial heterogeneity. These variations could be explained by setting and geographical region. The statistical test for Egger’s regression showed no evidence of publication bias (p = 0.879). Conclusions We present an up-to-date review on the prevalence of HBV in Nigeria, which will provide critical data to optimise and assess the impact of current prevention and control strategies, including disease surveillance and diagnoses, vaccination policies and management for those infected. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-06800-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busayo I Ajuwon
- Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia. .,Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria.
| | - Isabelle Yujuico
- Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Katrina Roper
- Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Alice Richardson
- Statistical Consulting Unit, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Meru Sheel
- Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Brett A Lidbury
- Research School of Population Health, ANU College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia.,Department of Health Evidence, Radboud UMC, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Oluremi AS, Ajadi TA, Opaleye OO, Alli OAT, Ogbolu DO, Enitan SS, Alaka OO, Adelakun AA, Adediji IO, Ogunleke AO, Suleiman IE, Olowoyeye EA, Adewumi OO, Ojo AT, Adeyeye-Adetunji OO, Hammed SS. High seroprevalence of viral hepatitis among animal handlers in Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2020; 42:34-47. [PMID: 33044898 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2020.1814810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a deadly disease which can manifest as acute, chronic, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver failure. Information about hepatitis is scarce among animal handlers. Due to Federal Government of Nigeria diversification programmes, many people are now involved in animal farming which can make them susceptible to viral hepatitis. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of Hepatitis B, C, and E viruses among animal handlers in Abeokuta, southwestern Nigerian. A total of 156 subjects were recruited for the study. Sociodemographic and risks factors data were fetched from subjects using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood samples were collected via venepuncture and tested for HCV, HBV, and HEV using ELISA technique. Results were analyzed using SPSS software version 21.0 and P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. The prevalence of HCV, HBV, and HEV were 46 (29.5%), 20 (12.8%), and 4 (2.6%) respectively while 6 (3.8%), 1 (0.6%), and 1 (0.6%) had co-infection of HBV-HCV, HBV-HEV, and HCV- HEV respectively. This study concludes that there is high prevalence of hepatitis C and B viruses among animal handlers in Abeokuta, Ogun state which is of significant public health problem, warranting further attention and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Oluremi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - T A Ajadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - O O Opaleye
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - O A T Alli
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - D O Ogbolu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - S S Enitan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria
| | - O O Alaka
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex, Ile Ife, Nigeria
| | - A A Adelakun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria
| | - I O Adediji
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Nigeria
| | - A O Ogunleke
- LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - I E Suleiman
- Department of Chemical Pathology & Immunology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara, Nigeria
| | - E A Olowoyeye
- College of Health Sciences & Technology, Ijero Ekiti, Nigeria
| | | | - A T Ojo
- LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria
| | | | - S S Hammed
- Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
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Nejo Y, Faneye AO, Olusola B, Bakarey S, Olayinka A, Motayo B. Hepatitis B virus infection among sexually active individuals in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. Pan Afr Med J 2018; 30:155. [PMID: 30455784 PMCID: PMC6235487 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.155.14886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health challenge in sub-Saharan African countries. Chronic HBV infection is a risk factor for severe disease progression. Perinatal and sexual transmissions of Hepatitis B virus are the main routes of infection in HBV endemic countries like Nigeria. However, there is paucity of data as regards the major contributory route of transmission to chronic HBV infection in this region. Also, in Nigeria, not everyone at high risk of the infection has been identified. Therefore our study investigated the prevalence of HBV infection among sexually active individuals in Nigeria. Methods Blood samples collected from 463 participants (360 sexually active individuals and 103 teenagers) recruited from health institutions across the country were tested for the presence of HBsAg, and HBV nucleic acid related antigen (HBVNRAg) by ELISA. Positive samples were further tested for the presence of HBeAg and antiHBe by ELISA. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and binary logistic regression at p = 0.05. Results HBsAg and HBVNRAg were detected in 10.4% and 7.6% of the participants respectively. STI clinic attendees had the highest prevalence for HBsAg (17%; p = 0.002). Teenagers had the lowest HBsAg (1.9; p = 0.002) and HBVNRAg (2.9%; p = 0.0001) prevalence rates. Male gender (p = 0.01) and reproductive age group (p=0.009) were the major predictors of chronic HBV infection. Conclusion Sexual transmission was identified as the major contributor to chronic HBV infection. Sexually active individuals especially those with STIs are high risk groups for chronic HBV infection. Interventions targeted at this group is therefore recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewande Nejo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowen University Iwo, Nigeria.,Department of Virology, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Babatunde Olusola
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Bakarey
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Olayinka
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Motayo
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria
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Hilda AE, Kola OJ, Kolawole OE. Prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus antibody among pregnant women and blood donors at Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2016; 38:221-234. [PMID: 27673429 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2016.1241264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus is one of the emerging infectious diseases that can be transmitted through blood-to-blood contact. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of anti-HCV antibodies among potential blood donors and pregnant women attending Bowen University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ogbomoso, Oyo State. This hospital-based study was conducted from December 2014 to September 2015. The study group (N = 279) included potential blood donors and pregnant women. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. The presence of anti-HCV antibodies in serum samples of the studied subjects were detected using third-generation Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) (WKEA Med Supplies Corp, China). Chisquare test was utilized to assess the association between the socio-demographic variables and HCV status. Logistic regression was done to determine the strength of association between risk factors and HCV status. Statistical significance was set at P ˂ 0.05. Overall seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection was found to be 1.79% consisting 0.36% of pregnant women and 1.43% of blood donors. None of the socio-demographic characteristics and potential risk factors among the study groups were significantly associated with hepatitis C virus infection. This study found a seroprevalence of anti-HCV antibody to be 1.79%, thus, screening of pregnant women and blood donors for HCV infections with the use of ELISA is recommended because of its important role in detecting the presence of anti-HCV antibody with utmost specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awoyelu E Hilda
- a Department of Pure and Applied Biology , Microbiology/Virology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology , Ogbomoso , Nigeria
| | - Oloke Julius Kola
- a Department of Pure and Applied Biology , Microbiology/Virology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology , Ogbomoso , Nigeria
| | - Oladipo E Kolawole
- a Department of Pure and Applied Biology , Microbiology/Virology Unit, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology , Ogbomoso , Nigeria
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Keshvari M, Sharafi H, Alavian SM, Mehrabadi H, Zolfaghari S. Prevalence and trends of transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors in Tehran, Iran from 2008 to 2013. Transfus Apher Sci 2015; 53:38-47. [PMID: 25892591 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evaluation of trends in the rate of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in blood donors is essential for monitoring blood supply safety and donor screening effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the trends and prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis seromarkers among blood donors referred to Tehran Blood Transfusion Center (TBTC) from 2008 to 2013. MATERIALS AND METHODS The data of all blood donors referred to TBTC between 2008 and 2013 were collected. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis infections were expressed by donation year and donors' characteristics (age, gender, educational level and donor status). RESULTS Among 1,796,090 individuals who donated blood at TBTC from 2008 to 2013, analysis of trend for the prevalence of HBV showed a significant decrease from 423 to 153 per 10(5) donors. The similar pattern of decrease was observed for the prevalence of HCV from 139 to 69 per 10(5) donors, however the rate of decrease in HCV prevalence was slower than the rate of decrease in HBV prevalence. The prevalence of HIV was constant while the prevalence of syphilis showed a sharp decrease in 2009 and a constant prevalence from 2010 to 2013. The top three parameters influenced the rate of TTIs were donor status, age, and educational level. CONCLUSION The decreasing prevalence and trends of TTIs among the studied donors demonstrated that the safety measures which were employed in recent years in Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization have been effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Keshvari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Middle East Liver Disease (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran; Iran Hepatitis Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Heidar Sharafi
- Middle East Liver Disease (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran; Iran Hepatitis Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Middle East Liver Disease (MELD) Center, Tehran, Iran; Iran Hepatitis Network, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Mehrabadi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Zolfaghari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
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Motayo BO, Faneye AO, Udo UA, Olusola BA, Ezeani I, Ogiogwa JI. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections (TTI), in first time blood donors in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2015; 15:19-24. [PMID: 25834526 PMCID: PMC4370154 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v15i1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion transmissible infections, such as HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis are on the rise and pose a threat to blood safety. OBJECTIVE To determine prevalence and demographic profiles of TTI's among first time blood donors in Abeokuta, Nigeria. METHODS The study was conducted between February to November 2013; 130 first time blood donors were tested for the presence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV antibodies and Treponema palidium antibodies using EIA based rapid immunochromatographic kits. Data analysis was done using SPSS with a level of significance of p<0.05. RESULTS Prevalence rates to HIV, HBsAg, HCV antibody, were 6.2% (n=8), 10% (n=13) and 1.5% (n=2), there was 0% prevalence to Treponema palidium antibodies. Group specific prevalence rates revealed that educational status was associated with HBsAg positivity (p = 0.028), donors with a history of previous blood transfusion was also statistically associated with HIV sero-reactivity (p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS High levels of HBsAg and HIV were observed, there is need to revise the donor testing algorithm in Nigeria in line with the prevalence of TTI's. We also advocate that a National surveillance system for TTI's be established through our National blood transfusion service (NBTS) program, a second serological test is also suggested to reduce the risk of occult HBV infection in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde Olanrewaju Motayo
- Microbiology Unit, Pathology department, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan
| | | | - Usen Asuquo Udo
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Unit, Pathology department, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta
| | | | - Isreal Ezeani
- Microbiology Unit, Pathology department, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta
- Hematology and Blood Transfusion Unit, Pathology department, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta
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Mutocheluh M, Owusu M, Kwofie TB, Akadigo T, Appau E, Narkwa PW. Risk factors associated with hepatitis B exposure and the reliability of five rapid kits commonly used for screening blood donors in Ghana. BMC Res Notes 2014; 7:873. [PMID: 25475050 PMCID: PMC4295511 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-7-873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is one of the most widespread, chronic viral infections in sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of South America. Therefore, efforts are being made to implement strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of hepatitis B viral infections. One route of HBV transmission is through unsafe blood transfusion, which could occur from the use of less sensitive laboratory diagnostic kits. Information on the sensitivity and specificity of these kits is however limited in many developing countries. This study was therefore performed to describe the prevalence of HBV infections and also to evaluate the performance of five rapid immunochromatographic kits commonly used in Ghana. Methods A cross-sectional study was designed to describe the prevalence of HBsAg infection and also evaluate the performance of rapid kits used for screening hepatitis B in the northern part of Ghana. Results A total of 164 prospective blood donors were enrolled in this study from January 2012 to December 2013. The overall true prevalence of HBsAg was 14.6 (95% CI = 9.6 – 21.0). There was no significant association between transmission related factors and HBV infection. The specificities of all five rapid kits were above 97%, however the sensitivities and Youden’s indexes were below 60%. A comparison of the reported kit sensitivities to those generated by this study showed significant difference with the study results being lower than the ones reported in the kit literature. Conclusion Our study has shown that rapid HBsAg kits on the Ghanaian markets may not be helpful for screening blood donor samples. We therefore recommend the use of commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Owusu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana.
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