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Biancalani G, Orkibi H, Keisari S, Guglielmin MS, Bertagna G, Meola P, Viezzoli D, Finco N, Testoni I. Italian adolescents' perception of tele-psychodrama treatment during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Arts Health 2024; 16:1-14. [PMID: 36472222 DOI: 10.1080/17533015.2022.2154942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychodrama is an experiential group psychotherapy that is used to enhance adolescents' wellbeing. The COVID-19 pandemic forced the adaptation of this method to an online setting. OBJECTIVE This qualitative study investigated whether and how tele-psychodrama provides psychological support to adolescents, in order to better understand its strengths and weaknesses. PARTICIPANTS 14 adolescents from Northern and Central Italy. METHOD 14 interviews were conducted at the end of group tele-psychodrama treatment and were analysed with qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS Three themes were identified: (1) contribution of tele-psychodrama to adolescents' well-being; (2) implementation of psychodrama to the online setting; and (3) (the) shortcomings of tele-psychodrama. CONCLUSIONS Despite the differences between online and in-person psychodrama, all the participants expressed their appreciation of group tele-psychodrama, which contributed to their overall psychological wellbeing and helped them process difficulties that emerged during the lockdowns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Biancalani
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Hod Orkibi
- Drama & Health Science Lab, School of Creative Arts Therapies, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa Israel
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa Israel
| | - Shoshi Keisari
- Drama & Health Science Lab, School of Creative Arts Therapies, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa Israel
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa Israel
| | | | - Giuseppe Bertagna
- School of Psychodrama, Italian School of Biblical Psychodrama, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Meola
- Center for Studies of Psychodrama and Active Methods, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Viezzoli
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Finco
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Ines Testoni
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Italy
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa Israel
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Pitcho-Prelorentzos S, Leshem E, Mahat-Shamir M. Mitigating Loss and Trauma: The Continuing Bonds Experience of Daughters Bereaved to Intimate Partner Femicide. Violence Against Women 2023; 29:2170-2193. [PMID: 35938495 DOI: 10.1177/10778012221099985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The current study sheds light on the continuing bonds experience of adult Israeli daughters whose mothers were murdered by their fathers. Through 11 semi structured interviews, common externalized and internalized continuing bonds with the deceased mothers were closely examined. The interpreted results supported the existence of bonds, yet revealed a unique manifestation; the bonds were purposefully and defensively restricted, which seemed to be an adjustive compromise in light of the strong traumatic component of the loss. Our results contribute to the theoretical and clinical understanding of the restrictive effect that trauma components have on loss components in cases of traumatic bereavement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elazar Leshem
- School of Social Work, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Colomo-Magaña E, Cívico-Ariza A, Basgall L, Guillén-Gámez FD. The Influence of Cultural Snapshots on Pre-service Teachers' Attitudes Towards Death Education. OMEGA-JOURNAL OF DEATH AND DYING 2023:302228231187013. [PMID: 37384882 DOI: 10.1177/00302228231187013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Cultural snapshots may be a didactic resource that promotes the understanding of death and provides teachers with tools that can be used to work with students. This study aims to analyse pre-service teachers' attitudes towards death education. A quantitative longitudinal panel design with pre-test and post-test measures was applied, with descriptive, inferential, and predictive approaches. The sample consisted of 161 pre-service primary teachers from a Spanish university who responded to the validated questionnaire "Death Education Attitudes Scale-Teachers" (DEAS-T). The results reveal an improvement in their attitudes towards death education after implementing cultural snapshots in class, producing significant differences between the pre-test and post-test according to gender, in favour of the male participants. The variables of death anxiety and adequate training are relevant for predicting the attitudes of both genders, in addition to the motivation variable in male participants and the variable of interest towards the topic in female participants.
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Raccichini M, Biancalani G, Franchini L, Varani S, Ronconi L, Testoni I. Death education and photovoice at school: A workshop with Italian high school students. DEATH STUDIES 2022; 47:279-286. [PMID: 35300581 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2022.2052206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study shows the effects of a death education workshop with Italian high school students. Students (N = 416) from 10 high schools throughout Italy participated: 212 in the experimental group and 204 in the control group. Four weekly, two-hour workshops about the themes of death, with theoretical lessons and an experiential artistic activity of photovoice. Results show that the students in the experimental group showed significantly increased self-efficacy levels and existential anxiety levels did not increase after death education intervention. Educating youth about death could give them the skills to improve the management of death-related events and cope with negative emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianmarco Biancalani
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Franchini
- Fondazione ANT, National Tumor Assistance (ANT), Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Varani
- Fondazione ANT, National Tumor Assistance (ANT), Bologna, Italy
| | - Lucia Ronconi
- IT and Statistical Services, Multifunctional Pole of Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ines Testoni
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Emil Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Stizzi A, Negrola E, Iacona E, Naglieri M, Scalici G, Testoni I. Reconstructing Social Relationships in a Post-Lockdown Suburban Area of Southern Italy Using Pastoral Counselling. PASTORAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 71:245-256. [PMID: 35261397 PMCID: PMC8895359 DOI: 10.1007/s11089-022-00999-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in spirituality has enabled numerous avenues of pastoral counselling support, which can be a useful resource for improving quality of life in the context of significant social deprivation. The aim of this research was to investigate the role of the spiritual dimension of pastoral support interventions created to help the inhabitants of a strongly deprived territory in Southern Italy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight people between the ages of 28 and 67 took part in the study. A qualitative research design was applied via online interviews with the participants, who were operators of a pastoral counselling service located on the outskirts of a suburban town. The main emergent themes were the importance of religiosity and spirituality in the lives of the participants, the role that these two aspects play in the lives of those who carry out activities devoted to helping others, and the ways in which these dimensions are used within support programmes responding to the needs of an area characterized by socioeconomic and psychosocial problems. The interviews revealed how pastoral counselling can be useful in situations of stress in highly deprived areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Stizzi
- Theological Faculty of Puglia, Largo S. Sabino, 1, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Ester Negrola
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Via Venezia 14, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Iacona
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Via Venezia 14, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Naglieri
- Fondazione Opera Santi Medici, Piazza Mons Aurelio Marena, 34, 70032 Bitonto (Ba), Italy
| | - Giorgio Scalici
- Instituto de Etnomusicologia – Centro de Estudos em Música e Dança, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais E Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. de Berna, 26 C, 1069-06 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ines Testoni
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Via Venezia 14, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Biancalani G, Franco C, Guglielmin MS, Moretto L, Orkibi H, Keisari S, Testoni I. Tele-psychodrama therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: Participants' experiences. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021; 75:101836. [PMID: 34305221 PMCID: PMC8294105 DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2021.101836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Italy was severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. In early March 2020, a series of legislative decrees have been issued, establishing the restrictions that all Italian citizens are required to respect, according to which it is strictly forbidden to leave the house if not for reasons of necessity, health, or work. This qualitative study investigated which aspects clients find helpful or hindering in shifting to group tele-psychodrama due to the COVID-19 pandemic, after participation in an in-person psychodrama group. Participants were 15 adults who were members of a pre-existing in-person psychodrama group that shifted to a tele-psychodrama group format facilitated by two psychodrama therapists. The Client Change Interview was used at the end of the tele-psychodrama as a post-treatment assessment. All the interviews were transcribed and then underwent a thematic analysis. The analysis yielded six shared themes: the role of tele-psychodrama sessions during COVID-19 pandemic; perceived effectiveness of tele-psychodrama; main advantages of tele-psychodrama; limitations encountered during the online intervention; the termination of tele-psychodrama; and the relationship with the therapist. The findings provide preliminary evidence for the clinical practice of tele-psychodrama and lays the groundwork for further studies that can contribute to the use of electronic platforms in psychodrama interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco Biancalani
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Franco
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Hod Orkibi
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shoshi Keisari
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ines Testoni
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Testoni I, Azzola C, Tribbia N, Biancalani G, Iacona E, Orkibi H, Azoulay B. The COVID-19 Disappeared: From Traumatic to Ambiguous Loss and the Role of the Internet for the Bereaved in Italy. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:620583. [PMID: 34025466 PMCID: PMC8138554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.620583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In Italy, in the very first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic there was a dramatic rise in mortality. However, families were forbidden because of lockdown regulations to be with their loved ones at their deathbeds or to hold funerals. This qualitative study examined bereavement experiences among family members, how they processed their grief, and how they used social networks in particular by uploading photographs during the working-through of bereavement. The sample was composed of 40 individuals aged 23-63 (80% women) from different Italian cities severely impacted by the virus, including a subgroup from the province of Bergamo, which was the city with the highest mortality rate during that time. All interviews were conducted by phone, Skype, or Zoom. Then, the transcriptions underwent a thematic analysis using Atlas.ti. The main themes that emerged were: abandonment anger and guilt, dehumanized disappeared, derealization and constant rumination, and social support and the importance of sharing photos on Facebook. Importantly, the use of social networks proved to be a valuable source of support and photographs were a powerful tool in facilitating the process of mourning by encouraging narration and sharing. Grief had a complex profile: on the one hand, it was traumatic and characterized by all the risk factors causing mourners to experience prolonged grief, but on the other, some features were similar to ambiguous loss (that occurs without closure and clear understanding) because of the impossibility to be with their relatives in their final moments. The possible relationships between ambiguous loss, the use of internet, and the risk of prolonged grief are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Testoni
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Centre, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Claudia Azzola
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Noemi Tribbia
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Biancalani
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Iacona
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Hod Orkibi
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Centre, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bracha Azoulay
- Emili Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Centre, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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The Sense of Dignity at the End of Life: Reflections on Lifetime Values through the Family Photo Album. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10110177. [PMID: 33238420 PMCID: PMC7700553 DOI: 10.3390/bs10110177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on the dimensions of dignity, linking Chochinov's Dignity Therapy to Schwartz's Theory of Values. The use of family photo albums has enriched the application of dignity therapy. Seven terminal patients in home-based palliative care participated in the therapeutic intervention. To measure the effects of the intervention, we administered the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale and the Patient Dignity Inventory, then, at the end of the meetings, collected the opinions of participants, available nurses, and relatives who attended the sessions. The resulting generativity documents were then analyzed through thematic analysis, which revealed three main themes linked to both fundamental values and the dimensions of dignity: The relationship between continuity of self and myriad values in the context of family relationships; personal dignity as characterized by the values of personal success, hope, and wisdom; and hope and generativity. The fourth theme reflected the participants' final judgements on the intervention, which were highly positive and greatly encouraged further use of photographs in similar therapeutic interventions. The assessment protocol highlighted a significant decrease in tiredness amongst the participants and a trend towards a significant decrease in drowsiness after the intervention.
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The Value of Dignity in Prison: A Qualitative Study with Life Convicts. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10060095. [PMID: 32481496 PMCID: PMC7349769 DOI: 10.3390/bs10060095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This research is based on the perspective of dignity according to Chochinov; thus, the life imprisonment of detainees is assimilated to a severe disease. Methods: Ten male prisoners were interviewed trough Chochinov’s Dignity Therapy, and the results were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Two areas of thematic prevalence emerged, namely, value of freedom, self-consciousness and education and their failure in jail, and life sentence as annihilation of life meaning and of the values of generativity and family. Conclusions: Life imprisonment has been described in its negativity by several respondents as a punishment worse than the death penalty. It has been compared to death itself, to a terminal illness, to torture and to a pain that grows over the years, with the awareness that despite the passing of time, you will not have the opportunity to return to your loved one and to a free life. In fact, prisoners live out their condition within a space in which any value that gives meaning to life risks being destroyed.
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Testoni I, Wieser MA, Kapelis D, Pompele S, Bonaventura M, Crupi R. Lack of Truth-Telling in Palliative Care and Its Effects among Nurses and Nursing Students. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:E88. [PMID: 32403378 PMCID: PMC7287675 DOI: 10.3390/bs10050088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unclear communication of inauspicious prognoses may disorientate both patients and their relatives, drastically jeopardizing the planning of palliative care. This paper considers the issue of truth-telling in the communicative problems of nurses and students of nursing with terminally ill patients. The fundamental objective is the analysis of the difficulties related to the lack of truth-telling and how it might impact their professional and personal lives. A qualitative study was realized, involving 47 participants, both nurses (25) and nursing students (22), working in palliative care units or in associations of volunteers for the assistance of oncological patients. The exploration was focused on the way they relate to patients who are not aware of their real health conditions and their consequences. Particular attention was paid to their opinions concerning what could be done in order to manage such problematic situations in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Testoni
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy and Applied psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (I.T.); (S.P.)
- Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | | | - Dafni Kapelis
- Palliative Care Department, ULSS n. 8 Asolo, 31011 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Sara Pompele
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy and Applied psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (I.T.); (S.P.)
| | | | - Robert Crupi
- NewYork-Presbyterian Queens, New York, NY 11355, USA;
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