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McEvoy M, Caccaviello G, Crombie A, Skinner T, Begg SJ, Faulkner P, McEvoy A, Masman K, Bamforth L, Parker C, Stanyer E, Collings A, Li X. Health and Wellbeing of Regional and Rural Australian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Baseline Cross-Sectional Findings from the Loddon Mallee Healthcare Worker COVID-19 Study-A Prospective Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:649. [PMID: 38791863 PMCID: PMC11120829 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) has created complex pressures and challenges for healthcare systems worldwide; however, little is known about the impacts COVID-19 has had on regional/rural healthcare workers. The Loddon Mallee Healthcare Worker COVID-19 Study (LMHCWCS) cohort was established to explore and describe the immediate and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on regional and rural healthcare workers. METHODS Eligible healthcare workers employed within 23 different healthcare organisations located in the Loddon Mallee region of Victoria, Australia, were included. In this cohort study, a total of 1313 participants were recruited from November 2020-May 2021. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and burnout were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Impact of Events Scale-6 (IES-6), and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), respectively. Resilience and optimism were measured using the Brief Resilience Scale and Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), respectively. Subjective fear of COVID-19 was measured using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. RESULTS These cross-sectional baseline findings demonstrate that regional/rural healthcare workers were experiencing moderate/severe depressive symptoms (n = 211, 16.1%), moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (n = 193, 14.7%), and high personal or patient/client burnout with median total scores of 46.4 (IQR = 28.6) and 25.0 (IQR = 29.2), respectively. There was a moderate degree of COVID-19-related fear. However, most participants demonstrated a normal/high degree of resilience (n = 854, 65.0%). Based on self-reporting, 15.4% had a BMI from 18.5 to 24.9 kgm2 and 37.0% have a BMI of 25 kgm2 or over. Overall, 7.3% of participants reported they were current smokers and 20.6% reported alcohol consumption that is considered moderate/high-risk drinking. Only 21.2% of the sample reported consuming four or more serves of vegetables daily and 37.8% reported consuming two or more serves of fruit daily. There were 48.0% the sample who reported having poor sleep quality measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). CONCLUSION Regional/rural healthcare workers in Victoria, Australia, were experiencing a moderate to high degree of psychological distress during the early stages of the pandemic. However, most participants demonstrated a normal/high degree of resilience. Findings will be used to inform policy options to support healthcare workers in responding to future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark McEvoy
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia;
| | | | - Angela Crombie
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Timothy Skinner
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia;
| | - Stephen J. Begg
- La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia;
| | - Peter Faulkner
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Anne McEvoy
- Kyabram District Health Service, Kyabram, VIC 3620, Australia;
| | - Kevin Masman
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Laura Bamforth
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Carol Parker
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Evan Stanyer
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Amanda Collings
- Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC 3550, Australia; (A.C.); (P.F.); (K.M.); (L.B.); (C.P.); (E.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3550, Australia;
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Han SJ, Yeun YR, Roh H. The Impact of Resilience on Post-Traumatic Growth among Nurses in COVID-19-Designated Hospitals: The Mediating Effect of Meaning in Life. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2895. [PMID: 37958039 PMCID: PMC10650871 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to confirm the relationship between resilience, meaning in life, and post-traumatic growth (PTG) among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the mediating effect of meaning in life on the relationship between resilience and PTG was examined. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used. The participants were 220 nurses at COVID-19-designated hospitals in Seoul. Descriptive statistics, a t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient analysis, hierarchical regression, and SPSS PROCESS macro (Model 4) were used for data analyses. As a result of the study, resilience and meaning in life each had a significant positive effect on PTG. In addition, the indirect effect of meaning in life was significant, suggesting that meaning in life partially mediated the relationship between resilience and PTG. The results indicate that nurses' resilience directly contributes to the improvement of PTG, and this relationship is further strengthened indirectly through the presence of meaning in life. Therefore, it is suggested that strategies should be developed to enhance resilience and promote a sense of meaning in the profession in order to support the mental health and foster growth among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk-Jung Han
- College of Nursing, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Ran Yeun
- College of Nursing, Kangwon National University, Samcheok 25649, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseung Roh
- Department of Public Health, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea;
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James PB, Gatwiri K, Mwanri L, Wardle J. Impacts of COVID-19 on African Migrants' Wellbeing, and Their Coping Strategies in Urban and Regional New South Wales, Australia: a Qualitative Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01806-z. [PMID: 37768537 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01806-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM As the COVID-19 pandemic response continues to evolve, the need to protect more vulnerable populations in society becomes more apparent. Studies are still emerging on how different population groups have been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study explored the impact of COVID-19 for African migrants in New South Wales, Australia, and their coping strategies. METHODS We employed inductive, exploratory qualitative interpretive research design using individual semi-structured in-depth interviews with 21 African migrants. RESULTS COVID-19 lockdowns disrupted the African sense of community. Social isolation, financial insecurity due to joblessness, or reduced working hours led to stress, frustration, anxiety, sadness, loneliness, and depression. On the other hand, COVID-19 lockdowns allowed for more family time, reflecting, and appreciating the gift of life and personal intellectual growth. Despite such challenges, there was much community support, especially from religious organisations. Support from government agencies was available, but access was hampered by misinformation, digital literacy, and immigration status. Holding on to religion and faith was a key coping mechanism, followed by indulging in self-care practices such as healthy eating, exercise, Yoga, meditation, sleep, and limited interaction with social media. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 lockdown disrupted the collectivist culture of African migrants and had untoward socioeconomic impacts that affected their wellbeing, many of which reflect an exacerbation of pre-existing inequities. To ensure that African migrant COVID-19-related health and wellbeing needs are met, the African migrant community must be actively involved in every facet of the NSW COVID-19 and other future outbreak response efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bai James
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
| | - Kathomi Gatwiri
- Centre for Children & Young People, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Lillian Mwanri
- Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Jon Wardle
- National Centre for Naturopathic Medicine, Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
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Joubert AE, Grierson AB, Li I, Sharrock MJ, Moulds ML, Werner-Seidler A, Stech EP, Mahoney AEJ, Newby JM. Managing Rumination and worry: A randomised controlled trial of an internet intervention targeting repetitive negative thinking delivered with and without clinician guidance. Behav Res Ther 2023; 168:104378. [PMID: 37595354 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rumination and worry, forms of repetitive negative thinking (RNT), are implicated in the onset, maintenance, severity, and relapse risk of depression and anxiety disorders. This randomised controlled trial evaluated an internet intervention targeting both rumination and worry in adults compared to treatment-as-usual (TAU) and compared treatment effects and adherence when delivered with and without clinician guidance. METHODS Adults (N = 137) with elevated RNT were randomly allocated to a 3-lesson clinician guided (n = 45) or self-help (n = 47) online program delivered over 6 weeks, or a TAU control group which waited 18 weeks to receive the program (n = 45). The clinician guided group received semi-structured phone support after each lesson. All three groups continued any pre-trial TAU. RNT, anxiety, depression, and psychological distress were assessed at baseline, post-treatment (week 7), and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Intention-to-treat linear mixed models showed that participants in the self-help and clinician guided groups had significantly lower RNT, anxiety, depression, and distress at post-treatment and 3-month follow-up compared to TAU. Treatment effects were significantly larger in the clinician guided group compared to self-help (between-group gs = 0.41-0.97). No significant between-group differences were found in adherence/program completion (guided: 76%; self-guided: 79%) or treatment satisfaction (1-5 scale: guided: M = 4.17, SD = 1.20; self-guided: M = 3.89, SD = 0.93). Total time spent on clinician guidance was M = 48.64 min (SD = 21.28). CONCLUSION This brief online intervention for RNT is acceptable and efficacious in reducing RNT, anxiety, depression, and distress in both clinician guided and self-help formats. The program appeared most effective when delivered with clinician guidance. Larger definitive trials comparing guided and self-guided programs are needed. Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registration number: ACTRN12620000959976.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Joubert
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression (CRUfAD), St. Vincent's Hospital, Level 4 O'Brien Centre, 394- 404 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia; School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ashlee B Grierson
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression (CRUfAD), St. Vincent's Hospital, Level 4 O'Brien Centre, 394- 404 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia; School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ian Li
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression (CRUfAD), St. Vincent's Hospital, Level 4 O'Brien Centre, 394- 404 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia; School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Maria J Sharrock
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression (CRUfAD), St. Vincent's Hospital, Level 4 O'Brien Centre, 394- 404 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia; School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Michelle L Moulds
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Aliza Werner-Seidler
- Black Dog Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Eileen P Stech
- Black Dog Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Alison E J Mahoney
- Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression (CRUfAD), St. Vincent's Hospital, Level 4 O'Brien Centre, 394- 404 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, New South Wales, 2010, Australia; School of Psychiatry, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jill M Newby
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia; Black Dog Institute, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia.
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Orihuel E, Sapena J, Bertó R, Navarro J. A pandemic momentum index to manage the spread of COVID-19. TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE 2023; 192:122572. [PMID: 37101602 PMCID: PMC10083213 DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the spreading power of a pandemic like COVID-19 is important for the early implementation of early restrictions on social mobility and other interventions to slow its spread. This work aims to quantify the power of spread, defining a new indicator, the pandemic momentum index. It is based on the analogy between the kinematics of disease spread and the kinematics of a solid in Newtonian mechanics. This index, I PM , is useful for assessing the risk of spread. Based on the evolution of the pandemic in Spain, a decision-making scheme is proposed that allows early responses to the spread and decreases the incidence of the disease. This index has been calculated retrospectively for the pandemic in Spain, and a counterfactual analysis shows that if the decision-making scheme had been used as a guide, the most significant decisions on restrictions would have been advanced: the total number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 would have been much lower during the period studied, with a significant reduction in the total number of cases: 83 % (sd = 2.6). The results of this paper are consistent with the numerous studies on the pandemic that concluded that the early implementation of restrictions is more important than their severity. Early response slows the spread of the pandemic by applying less severe mobility restrictions, reducing the number of cases and deaths, and doing less damage to the economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Orihuel
- Betelgeux-Christeyns, Betelgeux-Christeyns Chair for a Sustainable Economy, Spain
| | - Juan Sapena
- Catholic University of Valencia, Economics Department and Betelgeux-Christeyns Chair for a Sustainable Economy, Spain
| | - Ramón Bertó
- Betelgeux-Christeyns, Betelgeux-Christeyns Chair for a Sustainable Economy, Spain
| | - Josep Navarro
- Catholic University of Valencia, Economics Department and Betelgeux-Christeyns Chair for a Sustainable Economy, Spain
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Emmanuel E, Benson J, Chaseling M, Paredes JA. Unit Warm-up: Jump start into tertiary studies. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18113. [PMID: 37483746 PMCID: PMC10362323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A high level of preparedness for engagement is essential for a smooth transition into tertiary studies. Regardless, many first-year nursing students appear underprepared, a situation likely exacerbated by today's increasingly diverse student population. Students' preparedness to begin tertiary education can be hampered by factors such as environmental changes, technical issues and paid work demands. For first year students, this period is frequently marked by apprehension and a sense of unpreparedness. Objectives To report the difference in first-year nursing students' pre- and post-subject preparedness and understanding after participating in a Unit Warm-Up. Design A quantitative survey. Settings An online pre- and post-survey prior to the commencement of a subject. Participants First-year, first-semester nursing students. Methods Students could choose to participate in a "Unit Warm-Up" strategy before commencing a subject. Those who participated were invited to complete the pre- and post-survey created with the Qualtrics survey software. Survey questions focused on students' subject preparedness, level of anxiety about the subject's content, level of motivation and understanding of the subject's learning outcomes. Data was collected over a four-year period. Results The findings revealed that participating in the Unit Warm-Up from 2019 to 2021 had a significant impact on students' preparedness and understanding of the subject's learning outcomes. In 2022, no significant changes were observed, which could have been influenced by extreme flooding in the regions. Anxiety levels among students decreased from 2019 to 2021, but not in 2022. Motivation remained consistent over time. When compared to overall pass rate and student satisfaction trends, such a Unit Warm-Up strategy may have a positive impact. Conclusion A Unit-Warm-Up strategy has merit as a jump start into tertiary studies. Nevertheless, external factors such as the Covid pandemic and environmental disasters can disrupt students' anxiety and readiness for participating in a subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Emmanuel
- Gold Coast Campus, Southern Cross University, Locked Mail Bag4, Coolangatta, Qld, 4225, Australia
| | - Jenelle Benson
- Lismore Campus, Military Rd., East Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Southern Cross University, Australia
| | | | - Julie-Ann Paredes
- Lismore Campus, Military Rd., East Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
- Southern Cross University, Australia
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Rung DL. COVID-19 and Policy-Induced Inequalities: Exploring How Social and Economic Exclusions Impact 'Temporary' Migrant Men's Health and Wellbeing in Australia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6193. [PMID: 37444041 PMCID: PMC10341147 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The Australian government swiftly put in place a number of economic relief measures and policies to support people during the COVID-19 crisis. However, the government's COVID-19 response policies excluded people with 'temporary' migrant status living in the country and encouraged people holding temporary visas who lost jobs and could no longer afford to support themselves to 'go home'. This paper draws upon sub-citizenship theory to explore how Australia's immigration and COVID-19 response policies are likely to impact the health and wellbeing of 'temporary' migrant men and their families. Through focusing on Australia's policy approach towards 'temporary' migrants and the social, health, and human rights implications among men with temporary migrant status during the pandemic, this paper contributes to emerging literature that considers the intersectional implications of immigration and COVID-19 response policies as they pertain to people with precarious migration status. Applying sub-citizenship theory to analyse how Australia's COVID-19 response policies intersect with 'temporary' migration schemes offers a useful way to think about and unearth how structural, and often legislated, exclusions can affect the health and wellbeing of marginalised groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daile Lynn Rung
- Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina 0810, Australia
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Mussone L, Changizi F. The relationship between subjective well-being and individual characteristics, personality traits, and choice of transport mode during the first lock-down in Milan, Italy. JOURNAL OF TRANSPORT & HEALTH 2023; 30:101600. [PMID: 36937248 PMCID: PMC10014291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2023.101600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Concerning the adverse effect of COVID-19 virus pandemic on subjective well-being and daily travel, this research sought to analyse which personal characteristics, personality traits, and transport modes are related to positive and negative affect, and satisfaction with life during the first lock-down in Milan, Italy. Method In the spring of 2020, an online survey was conducted in Milan, and 1025 responses were collected. Then, three Multinomial Ordinal Regression models (MNOR) are carried out to examine the relationship between the data. Results Results show that women were more likely to feel fewer positive emotions than men. More physical activity, and income were positively associated with the models. Significant relevance of personality traits with subjective well-being is reported Regarding daily mobility during the pandemic, transport mode after lock-down, satisfaction with public transport, and worry about using public transport were found relevant to subjective wellbeing. Conclusions Whereas the feeling of worry about using public transport increased the negative affect. Transport mode during lock-down was not related to subjective well-being, though the preferred mode of transport after lock-down was related to satisfaction with life. Respondents who chose to use private cars more than other modes of transport were more likely to have higher satisfaction with life. Findings are discussed to improve transport and mobility planning during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Mussone
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture, Building Environment and Civil Constructions, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, Italy
| | - Farzaneh Changizi
- Politecnico di Milano, Department of Architecture, Building Environment and Civil Constructions, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, Milano, Italy
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AlMazrouei H. The effect of COVID-19 on managerial leadership style within Australian public sector organizations. JOURNAL OF GENERAL MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/03063070231152976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on leadership styles within Australian public sector organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative methodology was employed for this research consisting of semi-structured interviews with 50 managers. The study results suggest the pandemic affected managers’ leadership style, managers’ and employees’ emotions, stress and anxiety, and organizational performance and productivity. Changes in leadership style to incorporate being supportive, informative, and motivational to match the change in situation were found to be effective. This addresses a gap in the literature by identifying these three leadership styles as being important for employee support during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan AlMazrouei
- Leadership & Organization Agility, United Arab Emirates University College of Business and Economics, Al Ain, UAE
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Carola V, Vincenzo C, Morale C, Cecchi V, Rocco M, Nicolais G. Psychological Health in Intensive Care Unit Health Care Workers after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:2201. [PMID: 36360545 PMCID: PMC9690339 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the general population, health care workers (HCWs) constituted one of the groups that were most adversely affected by the associated risks, owing to the significant consequences on their mental health. This study examined these psychological effects on HCWs who cared for COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit in an Italian hospital. METHODS Subjects were administered several self-reported questionnaires: Kessler 10 Psychological Distress Scale (K10), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS), Impact of Event Scale Revised (IES-R), and Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), as well as two open-ended questions oriented toward understanding their positive and negative emotional experience and differentiating between two phases of the emergency. RESULTS Overall, 45% of HCWs showed medium-to-high anxiety/depressive symptoms, whereas 60% presented with medium-to-high levels of perceived stress. In addition, 37% of subjects developed symptoms of PTSD and 50% showed post-traumatic growth in the "appreciation of life" and "new possibilities" dimensions. With regard to the open-ended questions, three themes were identified: quality of workplace relationships, sense of emotional-relational competence, and sense of clinical-technical competence. In addition, two macrocategories of responses were identified in the answers: growth and block. CONCLUSIONS The mental health of HCWs who are involved in the front line of COVID-19 was significantly impacted by this experience, showing high levels of post-traumatic stress and anxiety and depressive symptoms more than 1 year after the emergency began. A qualitative analysis of staff experiences can be a useful guide for structuring interventions and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Carola
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Vincenzo
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Morale
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Cecchi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Rocco
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Nicolais
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Vasan S, Lambert E, Eikelis N, Lim MH. Impact of loneliness on health-related factors in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e5293-e5304. [PMID: 35899552 PMCID: PMC9353389 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic and its associated social and physical distancing restrictions may have had a severe impact on health. In the present study, we investigate the changes in physical, social and mental health, as well as the health literacy of Australians subsequent to the onset of COVID-19 pandemic, and examine the influence of loneliness on these health-related factors. Using a retrospective cross-sectional study design, 607 Australian adults completed a self-report online survey which assessed their health-related factors before and after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (data collected between June 2020 to November 2020). Australians reported statistically significant increase in a number of (poorer) health-related factors (e.g., weight gain, sleeping difficulties, poor somatic health, higher loneliness, more issues navigating the healthcare system) post onset of COVID-19 pandemic. Further, after adjusting for covariates, higher loneliness during pandemic predicted poorer health-related outcomes (e.g., more somatic health complaints, poorer quality of diet, poorer social support for health). The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated social and physical distancing restrictions may have contributed towards poorer health-related factors among Australian adults. Further, increased loneliness during the pandemic may have further worsened physical health and health literacy outcomes among Australians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Vasan
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthornAustralia
| | - Elisabeth Lambert
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthornAustralia
| | - Nina Eikelis
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthornAustralia
| | - Michelle H. Lim
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of TechnologyHawthornAustralia
- Centre for Mental HealthSwinburne University of TechnologyHawthornAustralia
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Perinatal Depression in Australian Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Birth in the Time of COVID-19 (BITTOC) Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095062. [PMID: 35564456 PMCID: PMC9103175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted perinatal mental health globally. We determined the maternal factors and pandemic-related experiences associated with clinically significant perinatal (pregnant and post-partum) depressive symptoms in Australian women. Participants (n = 2638; pregnant n = 1219, postnatal n = 1419) completed an online survey (August 2020 through February 2021) and self-reported on depression, social support, and COVID-19 related experiences. We found elevated depressive symptoms amongst 26.5% (pregnant) and 19% (postnatal) women. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed higher likelihood of elevated depression associated with residence in Victoria, lower education, past/current mental health problems, greater non-pandemic prenatal stress, age ≥ 35 years (pregnant women) and existing physical health issues or disability in self or others (postnatal women). Greater family stress/discord and lower social support (friends) was associated with higher odds of elevated perinatal depression, while lower social support (family) was significantly associated with elevated depressive symptoms in pregnant women. Greater depression was associated with social distancing, pandemic-related news exposure and changes to prenatal care (pregnant women). Single postnatal women showed lower odds of elevated depression than partnered women. Our findings underscore the importance of universal screening for depression and targeted support during a pandemic for perinatal women displaying vulnerability factors.
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Hamiduzzaman M, Siddiquee N, McLaren H, Tareque MI, Smith A. Risk Perception and Health Precautions Towards COVID-19 Among Older Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Adults in South Australia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Multidiscip Healthc 2022; 15:497-514. [PMID: 35313620 PMCID: PMC8934113 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s343985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Risk perceptions and precaution-taking against COVID-19 are affected by individuals’ health status, psychosocial vulnerabilities and cultural dimensions. This cross-sectional study investigates risk perceptions associated with COVID-19 and specifically the problem- and emotion-focused health precautions of older, culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) South Australians. Methods Cross-sectional research involving self-administration of an online survey. Participants were CALD adults living in South Australia, aged 60 years and above (n = 155). Multi-indicator surveys were analyzed using Stata/MP version 13.0 and multiple linear regression models fitted to examine associations between risk perceptions and problem- and emotion-focused health precautions. Results Dread risk returned the highest mean score; COVID-19 was perceived as a catastrophe. Mean scores for fear showed that participants were worried about COVID-19 and scared of becoming infected. Participants followed health advice as they were worried [β 0.15; 95% CI 0.07, 0.23] and realized the effect of COVID-19 on them [β 0.15; 95% CI 0.02, 0.28], or worried and had trust in experts’ knowledge and managing capacity [β 0.17; 95% CI 0.06, 0.28]. Age was negatively associated with sum-score of problem-focused coping: compared to participants aged 60–69 years, 80+ years revealed a decrease in problem-focused health precautions. Variables like education (primary schooling [β 2.80; 95% CI 0.05, 5.55] and bachelor degree [β 3.16; 95% CI 0.07, 6.25] versus no formal education), self-confidence in reducing risk, and fear [β 0.84; 95% CI 0.31, 1.36] significantly affected emotional-focused health precautions. Conclusion This local study has global implications. It showed that COVID-19 has psychosocial and environmental implications for older CALD adults. When many CALD populations have existing vulnerabilities to intersecting disadvantage, cultural-tailoring of interventions and pandemic response plans may buffer the effects of compounding disaster. Larger studies are needed to compare risk perception and health response patterns across countries and cultural groupings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hamiduzzaman
- The University of Newcastle Department of Rural Health, University of Newcastle, Taree, Australia
- Correspondence: Mohammad Hamiduzzaman, Research Fellow, The University of Newcastle Department of Rural Health, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia, Email
| | - Noore Siddiquee
- College of Business, Government & Law Flinders University, South Australia, Australia
| | - Helen McLaren
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Md Ismail Tareque
- Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Anthony Smith
- The University of Newcastle Department of Rural Health, University of Newcastle, Taree, Australia
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Working through Disaster Risk Management to Support Regional Food Resilience: A Case Study in North-Eastern Australia. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14042466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
As a consequence of disasters such as pandemics and severe weather events, Australian communities often face ‘food shortages’ resulting from the reduced availability of food and reduced access to available food. These food shortages can be acutely felt by vulnerable populations, comprising people in communities who are already dealing with social or economic disadvantages. Despite growing calls to ensure food access for everyone during and following disasters, efforts are still largely ad hoc, champion based and highly variable in their reliability and quality of supply. There is also a disconnect between disaster-related food relief and improving business continuity towards local economic resilience. This study sought to tackle these challenges by exploring how ‘local food access’ could be integrated within disaster management mechanisms, to support the most vulnerable and also contribute to local economic resilience. This paper discusses the findings of a study undertaken in Cairns, a north-eastern Australian regional authority, and involves a review of disaster management planning and policy artifacts, an online survey, and semi-structured interviews with stakeholders providing care and advocacy for vulnerable populations. Synthesizing the findings, we present a disaster-management-focused ‘Local Food Access Model’ that connects shorter food supply chains to improved disaster response, resilience and contingency-planning agendas. Applying this model to Cairns, we conclude the multiple benefits and immediate stakeholder readiness for a virtual (online) food resilience and contingency hub, to enable the connection of local food availability and access information within existing disaster management processes. The research method used, the model, and the case-specific findings provide government decision makers with a useful process, a local food-access schematic and a case study example to support immediate improvements in disaster resilience for vulnerable populations.
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15
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Işık RA, Kaya Y. The relationships among perceived stress, conflict resolution styles, spousal support and marital satisfaction during the COVID-19 quarantine. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 41:3328-3338. [PMID: 35730053 PMCID: PMC9203771 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02737-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the relationships among perceived stress, conflict resolution styles, spousal support and marital satisfaction of heterosexual married couples during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) quarantine. This was a descriptive study that employed a correlational survey model. The sample consisted of 511 Turkish married couples recruited using snowball sampling. Data were collected online using a demographic characteristic questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Conflict Resolution Styles Scale, the Spousal Support Scale, and the Marital Life Scale. The mean age of participants was 37.00 (SD = 7.88) years. The mean duration of marriage of participants was 11.15 (SD = 8.97) years. Higher marital satisfaction was associated with lower perceived stress, lower negative conflict resolution style, higher spousal support, and higher positive resolution styles. The Conflict Resolution Styles Scale and Spousal Support Scale scores explained 48.3% of the total variance of the Marital Life Scale, indicating that higher positive conflict resolution styles and higher spousal support were significantly associated with higher marital satisfaction. The COVID-19 quarantine has resulted in changes in marital life and family dynamics. Stress, negative conflict resolution style, and a lack of spousal support during the COVID-19 quarantine contribute to marital dissatisfaction.
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16
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Cobbinah PB. Enabling Urban Planning Action in Africa: The Praxis and Oddity of COVID-19 Pandemic Response. JOURNAL OF PLANNING LITERATURE 2022; 37:83-87. [PMID: 35291230 PMCID: PMC8914300 DOI: 10.1177/08854122211055800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The world is experiencing the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic - from lockdown restrictions to economic uncertainty. Though troubling, the COVID-19 crisis presents an opportunity to galvanize support to strengthen urban planning's capacity in Africa. This paper draws on the global response to the pandemic to proffer three lessons that can bolster planning action to respond to health, spatial and socio-economic challenges confronting African cities: (i) recognition of urban planning as an urgent public health activity; (ii) emphasizing urban planning's innate capacity to address health crises; and (iii) citizen engagement to accept planning measures. These lessons are likely to improve urban planning action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Brandful Cobbinah
- Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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17
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Samios C, Praskova A, Radlinska B. The relationship between COVID-19 pandemic-related stress and meaning in life: testing the moderating effects of self-compassion and savoring. ANXIETY, STRESS, AND COPING 2022; 35:9-24. [PMID: 34515586 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1974408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The stress people experience in relation to a highly stressful event, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can undermine their sense of meaning in life. This study examined the relationship between COVID-19 pandemic-related stress and meaning in life and whether self-compassion and savoring positive emotional experience moderated this relationship. METHODS Participants (N = 498) completed measures of pandemic-related stress, dimensions of meaning in life (comprehension, purpose, mattering), self-compassion (self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness), and savoring (savoring through anticipation, savoring the moment, savoring through reminiscence). RESULTS Results of regression analyses showed that pandemic-related stress related to less meaning in life and that all dimensions of self-compassion and savoring (with the exception of savoring through reminiscence) related positively to a dimension of meaning in life. Only common humanity buffered the relationship between pandemic-related stress and a dimension of meaning in life (purpose) as expected. Unexpectedly, for people high on common humanity the relationship between pandemic-related stress and mattering was positive, and for people high on mindfulness, the relationship between pandemic-related stress and comprehension was negative. CONCLUSIONS Although cross-sectional, this study's findings suggest that promoting common humanity might be important for protecting purpose and enhancing one's sense of mattering during a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Samios
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Discipline of Psychology, Australian College of Applied Psychology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Praskova
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Basia Radlinska
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
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18
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Rainbow C, Baldwin P, Hosking W, Gill P, Blashki G, Shand F. Psychological Distress and Suicidal Ideation in Australian Online Help-Seekers: The Mediating Role of Perceived Burdensomeness. Arch Suicide Res 2021; 27:439-452. [PMID: 34935605 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.2020191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological distress, an umbrella term encompassing emotional anguish and cognitive-behavioral symptoms of anxiety and depression, is closely linked to suicidal ideation. However, the mechanism of this relationship is unclear, dampening the utility of distress screening in suicide prevention. PURPOSE This study aimed to identify potential mediators of this relationship, and whether effects are sex-specific. METHOD AND PARTICIPANTS A sample of online help-seekers who had just completed the K10 psychological distress checklist on the Beyond Blue website [N = 1,528] consented to complete measures of help-seeking intentions, financial wellbeing, alcohol use, social connection (belongingness), sense of being a burden on others (burdensomeness); and suicidal ideation. Moderated mediation analysis examined the indirect effects of psychological distress on suicidal ideation through these risk factors, and whether effects were moderated by sex. RESULTS The model accounted for 44% of the variance in suicidal ideation. The majority of participants had experienced very high psychological distress (77.3%) and at least some suicidal ideation (74.7%) in the past four weeks. A significant indirect effect of burdensomeness was found for both men and women. No other risk factors produced significant indirect effects. CONCLUSIONS Perceived burdensomeness appears to be central in determining how psychological distress might progress to suicidal thinking. The experience of distress may lead a person to believe that loved ones would be better off without them, prompting suicidal thinking.HighlightsPsychological distress screening is an early intervention opportunity for suicide.Intervention plans could be improved by including perceived burdensome measures.Online screening for distress is a potential bridge to offline-help seeking.
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19
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Exercising under COVID-2x: Conceptualizing Future Green Spaces in Australia’s Neighborhoods. URBAN SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/urbansci5040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has proven to be a social and economic disruptor on a global scale, severely curtailing people’s ability to travel and engage in many recreation activities. Periodic lockdown and stay-at-home orders have exacerbated the situation. In this social climate, urban green spaces have attained a high significance for the maintenance of the physical and mental health of the population. Given the presence of similar coronaviruses in animal populations, it can be predicted that future epidemics and even pandemics will occur. Urban planning needs to incorporate the lessons learnt during COVID-19 in order to future-proof our communities. This paper reviews the role that urban green spaces played during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on these observations, the paper discusses a range of options for the provision of pandemic-sensitive spaces for physical exercise and mental recreation. Design concepts for long-term planning adjustments as well as for future ad-hoc solutions are provided. These include the provision of social distancing ‘pods’ embedded in design and landscaping of permanent parks, the design of ad-hoc, socially distanced ‘parklets’ on a quietened street and a rethink of the design of curb-to-boundary setbacks (nature strip) in residential streets.
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20
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Tudehope L, Lee P, Wiseman N, Dwirahmadi F, Sofija E. The effect of resilience on the relationship between perceived stress and change in alcohol consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic in Queensland, Australia. J Health Psychol 2021; 27:2696-2713. [PMID: 34886691 DOI: 10.1177/13591053211062351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increased levels of stress and alcohol consumption. This study examined the effect of resilience on the relationship between stress and changes in alcohol consumption in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. A cross-sectional survey of 502 adults in Queensland, Australia (mean age = 45.68 (16.61)), found 23.9% of individuals had increased their alcohol consumption since the start of the pandemic. Regression modelling demonstrated a significant association between perceived stress and change in alcohol consumption. The study also revealed resilience was a moderating factor, where high levels of resilience buffered against increases in alcohol consumption associated with stress during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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21
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Jain N, Stech E, Grierson AB, Sharrock MJ, Li I, Mahoney AEJ, Newby JM. A pilot study of intensive 7-day internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. J Anxiety Disord 2021; 84:102473. [PMID: 34534800 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Accessible, affordable cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) options for Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) that allow for rapid symptom improvement are needed. The present study investigated the first intensive, 7-day internet-based CBT for SAD. An open pilot trial was conducted to test the acceptability, feasibility and preliminary outcomes of the program in a sample of 16 participants (9 females, M age = 40.34, SD = 10.55) with a DSM-5 diagnosis of SAD. Participants were enrolled into the 6-lesson online program, and completed the Social Phobia Scale [SPS], Social Interaction Anxiety Scale [SIAS], Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) at baseline, post and one month follow-up. We found support for the feasibility and acceptability of the program; 15 participants (93.8%) completed the program, and all participants reported the program was satisfactory. Large, significant reductions in social anxiety severity on both the SPS and SIAS (Hedges' gs = 1.26-1.9) and functional impairment (WSAS; gs = 0.88-0.98) were found at post-treatment and follow-up. Medium, significant reductions in depressive symptom severity were also found (gs = 0.88-0.98 at post and follow-up, respectively). A third of participants scored below the clinical cut-off on both the SPS and SIAS at post-treatment and follow-up. A randomized controlled trial with longer follow-up is needed to evaluate the efficacy of this intensive internet-based treatment for SAD. Implications and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Jain
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Eileen Stech
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ashlee B Grierson
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Maria J Sharrock
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ian Li
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Alison E J Mahoney
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Clinical Research Unit for Anxiety and Depression, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Jill M Newby
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Randwick, New South Wales 2031, Australia.
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22
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Hyde C, McKenzie V, Murrihy C. Lessons from COVID-19 and the practice of school psychology: opportunity for a changed landscape. AUSTRALIAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00050067.2021.2001293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hyde
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vicki McKenzie
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cheree Murrihy
- Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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23
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Baum F. How can health promotion contribute to pulling humans back from the brink of disaster? Glob Health Promot 2021; 28:64-72. [PMID: 34711103 DOI: 10.1177/17579759211044074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Health promotion has evolved over the last decades from a primary focus on behaviour change to establishing an ambitious goal of creating healthy, fair and sustainable environments in a manner which realises the rights of all people to health and well-being while protecting the health of our planet and its ecosystems. This paper argues that in order to contribute to this ambitious goal, health promotion must address three key tasks. The first is the need to take planetary health more seriously and move away from reductionist thinking to an approach that sees the planet as a complex system and values more harmony with nature, protects biodiversity and prevents global warming. The second task is to advocate and support governments to govern for health. The key to doing this is putting health and equity before profit, creating healthy urban environments, encouraging participatory decision-making, advocating for healthy economic models and assessing the ways in which corporate determinants of health operate. The third task is to ensure that moves to professionalise health promotion do not come at the expense of health promotion advocacy to powerful people and organisations. Health promotion is well placed to support civil society movements arguing for social and economic change that will benefit health such as the Black Lives Matter and environment movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fran Baum
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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24
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Wayland S. Editorial: Liminality and COVID-19 - what do we already know? Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30 Suppl 1:1291-1292. [PMID: 34231299 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wayland
- University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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25
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Sen Demirdogen E, Algedik P, Warikoo N, Bahadır E, Akbiyik M, Büyüktarakçı S, Kadak MT, Yavuz M. The associations between metacognition problems, childhood trauma and internalizing symptoms in healthcare workers working directly with patients infected with COVID-19. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:1937-1950. [PMID: 34587840 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.1985147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare workers (HCWs) providing medical support while facing one of the highest levels of adverse and potentially fatal outcomes due to COVID-19 are put in a vulnerable position leading to the development of mental health problems. The development of any prevention and intervention programs to reduce this risk is possible with better understanding and knowledge of possible vulnerability factors. The aim of the present study is to investigate psychological effect of working directly with patients infected with COVID-19 (WD) and possible individual vulnerability factors for the development of psychological problems in HCWs. The data used in this cross-sectional study were collected using online self-reported questionnaires from 290 HCWs aged 21-61 years old. The mean score of the scales of 145 HCWs-WD and 145 HCWs not WD (HCWs-NWD) were compared by independent sample t test. Associations between childhood traumas, metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs and internalizing symptoms were analyzed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The depression, anxiety, stress symptoms levels, somatization and sleep problem levels were found to be higher in HCWs-WD compared to HCWs-NWD. SEM revealed that childhood trauma levels was associated with the increased risk of internalizing problems, and metacognitive dysfunctional beliefs had a partial mediator role between childhood traumas and internalizing symptoms in HCWs-WD. Improving metacognitive abilities may hence need to be considered in prevention programs for the HCWs. The findings can also be used to set up further research on the specific interventions on the HCWs who are at a risk as their profession entails them being in such traumatic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Sen Demirdogen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pinar Algedik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nishchint Warikoo
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, Aldershot Centre for Health, Aldershot, UK
| | - Erdi Bahadır
- Department of Psychiatry, Gumushane State Hospital, Turkey
| | - Meral Akbiyik
- Department Psychology, Istanbul Rumeli University, Turkey
| | - Seda Büyüktarakçı
- Department of Psychiatry, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Muhammed Tayyip Kadak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mesut Yavuz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Istanbul Cerrahpasa University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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26
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Childs J, Osborne B, Lamb K, Maranna S, Esterman A. The initial impact of COVID-19 on Australasian sonographers part 3: Sonographer professional, personal, and social wellbeing. SONOGRAPHY 2021; 8:109-115. [PMID: 34540562 PMCID: PMC8441619 DOI: 10.1002/sono.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The wellbeing of front‐line healthcare workers can be impacted during a pandemic. This paper reports the initial impact on the wellbeing of COVID‐19 on Australasian sonographers. Methods An online qualitative and quantitative survey was conducted between March and June 2020 to explore the wellbeing of Australasian sonographers in the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results Whilst most sonographers felt supported at work (300/379), those working in public hospitals felt more so than those in private practice. Sonographers in private practice felt more as though their job was at risk and were more likely to consider an alternate source of income. Sonographers felt they were working on the front line and many felt anxious about themselves (74%) or family (78%) contracting COVID‐19 due to their employment. Forty‐one percent of sonographers felt more isolated than normal, with younger age groups (18‐34 years) feeling less like they had enough hobbies or selfcare activities to get them through. Twelve percent of sonographers reported never, or rarely, coping with the juggle of work and home life. Conclusion The initial impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the wellbeing of sonographers is evident. Longitudinal data will enable wellbeing to be tracked over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Childs
- Allied Health and Human Performance University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Brooke Osborne
- Allied Health and Human Performance University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Kathryn Lamb
- Allied Health and Human Performance University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Sandhya Maranna
- Allied Health and Human Performance University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Adrian Esterman
- Department of Nursing University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
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27
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Winter DT, Geiger B, Morley K, Conigrave J, Haber PS, Riordan BC. Are bottle shops using Twitter to increase advertising or encourage drinking during COVID-19? Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 45:391-393. [PMID: 34028948 PMCID: PMC8209854 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preliminary reports suggested that liquor retailers used COVID-19 to promote alcohol through sponsored posts on Facebook and Instagram. To further understand the advertising practices during this period, we aimed to determine whether packaged liquor retailers increased their posts during COVID-19 or used COVID-19 to promote alcohol on Twitter. METHODS 'Tweets' (Twitter posts) from all packaged liquor retailers in NSW written since 2018 were collected. Tweets written during the first COVID-19 lockdown period were coded for: references of COVID-19, types of marketing message, use of links to online stores and use of an alcohol-related 'meme'. RESULTS There was no evidence of increased tweet frequency, however, some COVID-specific alcohol advertising was detected that leveraged the pandemic (4.0%) or referencing the pandemic without explicitly promoting alcohol (12.0%). The most popular market messages used in the tweets were encouraging alcohol use (15.4%) and easy access to alcohol at home (9.5%). CONCLUSIONS At least on Twitter, there was no marked increase in posts from packaged liquor retailers in NSW and only some tweets used COVID-19 to promote alcohol. Implications for public health: The use of COVID-specific alcohol marketing on social media raises important considerations for legislative and regulatory requirements, particularly during major health events such as a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T. Winter
- Specialty of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales,EEdith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Drug Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales
| | - Brennan Geiger
- Specialty of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales,EEdith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Drug Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales
| | - Kirsten Morley
- Specialty of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales,EEdith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Drug Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales
| | - James Conigrave
- Specialty of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales,EEdith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Drug Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales
| | - Paul S. Haber
- Specialty of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales,EEdith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Drug Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales,Drug Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales
| | - Benjamin C. Riordan
- Specialty of Addiction Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, New South Wales,EEdith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Drug Health Services, Sydney Local Health District, New South Wales,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Victoria,Correspondence to: Dr Benjamin Riordan, Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086
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Misra V, Safi F, Brewerton KA, Wu W, Mason R, Chan AW, Rochon PA, Lega IC, Abdel-Qadir H. Gender disparity between authors in leading medical journals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e051224. [PMID: 34261692 PMCID: PMC8282422 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate gender differences in authorship of COVID-19 articles in high-impact medical journals compared with other topics. DESIGN Cross-sectional review. DATA SOURCES Medline database. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Articles published from 1 January to 31 December 2020 in the seven leading general medical journals by impact factor. Article types included primary research, reviews, editorials and commentaries. DATA EXTRACTION Key data elements were whether the study topic was related to COVID-19 and names of the principal and the senior authors. A hierarchical approach was used to determine the likely gender of authors. Logistic regression assessed the association of study characteristics, including COVID-19 status, with authors' likely gender; this was quantified using adjusted ORs (aORs). RESULTS We included 2252 articles, of which 748 (33.2%) were COVID-19-related and 1504 (66.8%) covered other topics. A likely gender was determined for 2138 (94.9%) principal authors and 1890 (83.9%) senior authors. Men were significantly more likely to be both principal (1364 men; 63.8%) and senior (1332 men; 70.5%) authors. COVID-19-related articles were not associated with the odds of men being principal (aOR 0.99; 95% CI 0.81 to 1.21; p=0.89) or senior authors (aOR 0.96; 95% CI 0.78 to 1.19; p=0.71) relative to other topics. Articles with men as senior authors were more likely to have men as principal authors (aOR 1.49; 95% CI 1.21 to 1.83; p<0.001). Men were more likely to author articles reporting original research and those with corresponding authors based outside the USA and Europe. CONCLUSIONS Women were substantially under-represented as authors among articles in leading medical journals; this was not significantly different for COVID-19-related articles. Study limitations include potential for misclassification bias due to the name-based analysis. Results suggest that barriers to women's authorship in high-impact journals during COVID-19 are not significantly larger than barriers that preceded the pandemic and that are likely to continue beyond it. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020186702.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi Misra
- Women's College Research Institute (WCRI), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frozan Safi
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Wei Wu
- Women's College Research Institute (WCRI), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin Mason
- Women's College Research Institute (WCRI), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - An-Wen Chan
- Women's College Research Institute (WCRI), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paula A Rochon
- Women's College Research Institute (WCRI), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iliana C Lega
- Women's College Research Institute (WCRI), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Husam Abdel-Qadir
- Women's College Research Institute (WCRI), Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- ICES, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation (IHPME), University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre (PMCC), University Health Network (UHN), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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29
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Murphy JK, Khan A, Sun Q, Minas H, Hatcher S, Ng CH, Withers M, Greenshaw A, Michalak EE, Chakraborty PA, Sandanasamy KS, Ibrahim N, Ravindran A, Chen J, Nguyen VC, Lam RW. Needs, gaps and opportunities for standard and e-mental health care among at-risk populations in the Asia Pacific in the context of COVID-19: a rapid scoping review. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:161. [PMID: 34253198 PMCID: PMC8274266 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to have profound mental health impact, including in the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) region. Some populations might be at higher risk of experiencing negative mental health impacts and may encounter increased barriers to accessing mental health care. The pandemic and related restrictions have led to changes in care delivery, including a rapid shift to the use of e-mental health and digital technologies. It is therefore essential to consider needs and opportunities for equitable mental health care delivery to the most at-risk populations. This rapid scoping review: 1) identifies populations in the APEC region that are at higher risk of the negative mental health impacts of COVID-19, 2) identifies needs and gaps in access to standard and e-mental health care among these populations, and 3) explores the potential of e-mental health to address these needs. Methods We conducted a rapid scoping review following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We searched Medline, Embase and PsychInfo databases and Google Scholar using a search strategy developed in consultation with a biomedical librarian. We included records related to mental health or psychosocial risk factors and COVID-19 among at-risk groups; that referred to one or more APEC member economies or had a global, thus generalizable, scope; English language papers, and papers with full text available. Results A total of 132 records published between December 2019 and August 2020 were included in the final analysis. Several priority at-risk populations, risk factors, challenges and recommendations for standard and e-mental health care were identified. Results demonstrate that e-mental health care can be a viable option for care delivery but that specific accessibility and acceptability considerations must be considered. Options for in-person, hybrid or “low-tech” care must also remain available. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for equitable standard and e-mental health care. It has also highlighted the persistent social and structural inequities that contribute to poor mental health. The APEC region is vast and diverse; findings from the region can guide policy and practice in the delivery of equitable mental health care in the region and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill K Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine; APEC Digital Hub for Mental Health, University of British Columbia, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada.
| | - Amna Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2255 Westbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
| | - Qiumeng Sun
- Sol Price School of Public Policy, University of Southern California, 650 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Harry Minas
- Global and Cultural Mental Health, Level 4, 207 Bouverie Street, Melbourne, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Carlton, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Simon Hatcher
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Roger Guindon Hall, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Chee H Ng
- Healthscope Chair of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Mellissa Withers
- USC Keck School of Medicine, USC Institute on Inequalities in Global Health, Los Angeles, USA.,APRU Global Health Program, 2001 N Soto Street SSB 318G, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Andrew Greenshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Scientific Director, APEC Digital Hub for Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, 4-142M Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2B7, Canada
| | - Erin E Michalak
- APEC Digital Hub for Mental Health, University of British Columbia, 420-5950 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Promit Ananyo Chakraborty
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Karen Sharmini Sandanasamy
- Mental Health, Substance Abuse and Violence Injury Prevention, Non-Communicable Disease Section, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Level 2, Block E3, Putrajaya, Malaysia.,Precinct 1, Federal Government Administrative Complex, 62590, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Nurashikin Ibrahim
- Mental Health, Substance Abuse and Violence Injury Prevention, Non-Communicable Disease Section, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health, Level 2, Block E3, Putrajaya, Malaysia.,Precinct 1, Federal Government Administrative Complex, 62590, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Arun Ravindran
- Global Mental Health Affairs & The Office of Fellowship Training, Department of Psychiatry, Graduate Faculty, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada
| | - Jun Chen
- Office for Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wan Ping Rd, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Vu Cong Nguyen
- Institute of Population, Health and Development, ICON4 Tower, 243a Đường La Thành, Láng Thượng, Đống Đa, Hà Nội, 117222, Vietnam
| | - Raymond W Lam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Mood Disorders Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, Canada.,APEC Digital Hub for Mental Health, 2255 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A1, Canada
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30
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Childs J, Lamb K, Osborne B, Maranna S, Esterman A. The initial impact of COVID-19 on Australasian Sonographers Part 1: Changes in scan numbers and sonographer work hours. SONOGRAPHY 2021; 8:90-99. [PMID: 34226862 PMCID: PMC8242911 DOI: 10.1002/sono.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction COVID‐19 has seen a series of lockdowns and suspension on non‐urgent elective surgeries. Subsequently, there was a drop in the number of diagnostic imaging services billed in April, May, 2020. A survey was undertaken from March to June 2020 to determine the initial impact of COVID‐19 on Australasian Sonographers. This article, the first in a 3‐part series presents and discusses the results of this survey pertaining to changes in the number of scans performed, and changes in the working hours of sonographers. The remaining two articles in this series address other initial COVID‐19 impacts on Australasian Sonographers. Methods An online survey was conducted containing questions regarding changes to work hours and examination numbers. Results 444 participants answered the survey. Seventy eight percent of sonographers reported a decrease in the number of examinations being performed in their department A decrease in work hours was reported by 68% of sonographers with almost a quarter of these reporting that they had lost all their hours. A higher percentage of work hours changes were seenin private practices. Many reductions in work hours were reported to be voluntary. Conclusion Scan numbers in ultrasound departments were affected by COVID‐19, as were sonographers' work hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Childs
- Allied Health and Human Performance University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Kathryn Lamb
- Allied Health and Human Performance University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Brooke Osborne
- Allied Health and Human Performance University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
| | - Sandhya Maranna
- Allied Health and Human Performance University of South Australia Adelaide Australia
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31
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Oswald TK, Rumbold AR, Kedzior SGE, Kohler M, Moore VM. Mental Health of Young Australians during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Exploring the Roles of Employment Precarity, Screen Time, and Contact with Nature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5630. [PMID: 34070331 PMCID: PMC8197562 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is widely understood to have contributed to mental health problems. In Australia, young people (18-24 years) have been disproportionately affected. To date, research has predominantly focused on the presence or absence of mental illness symptoms, while aspects of mental well-being have been overlooked. We aimed to explore associations between potential risk and protective factors and mental health more comprehensively, using the Complete State Model of Mental Health. An online survey of 1004 young Australians (55% female; M age = 21.23) was undertaken. Assessment of both mental illness and mental well-being enabled participants to be cross-classified into four mental health states. Those with 'Floundering' (13%) or 'Struggling' (47.5%) mental health reported symptoms of mental illness; a 'Languishing' group (25.5%) did not report symptoms of mental illness but mental well-being was compromised relative to those who were 'Flourishing' (14%) with high mental well-being. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine associations, adjusting for socio-demographic confounders. Protective factors associated with Flourishing mental health included being in secure employment, using screen time to connect with others, and reporting high levels of hope. Both incidental and purposive contact with nature were also associated with Flourishing, while a lack of green/bluespace within walking distance was associated with Languishing, absence of outdoor residential space was associated with Floundering, and lower neighbourhood greenness was associated with all three suboptimal mental health states. Precarious employment, financial stress, living alone, reporting decreased screen time during lockdowns, lower levels of hope, and high disruption of core beliefs were also associated with Struggling and Floundering mental health. Those who were Languishing reported somewhat less hardship and little disruption to core beliefs, but lower levels of hope compared to young people who were Flourishing. This study highlights that young adults require dedicated mental health services to deal with current burden, but should also be supported through a range of preventive strategies which target mental health risk factors, like precarious employment, and enhance protective factors, such as urban green infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassia K. Oswald
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (A.R.R.); (S.G.E.K.)
| | - Alice R. Rumbold
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (A.R.R.); (S.G.E.K.)
- South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute, SAHMRI Women and Kids, North Adelaide, SA 5006, Australia
| | - Sophie G. E. Kedzior
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (A.R.R.); (S.G.E.K.)
| | - Mark Kohler
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, School of Psychology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- The Environment Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Vivienne M. Moore
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; (A.R.R.); (S.G.E.K.)
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Lawes JC, Strasiotto L, Daw S, Peden AE. When Natural Hazards Intersect with Public Health: A Preliminary Exploration of the Impact of Bushfires and the COVID-19 Pandemic on Australian Coastal Drowning Fatalities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:5314. [PMID: 34067693 PMCID: PMC8156160 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18105314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Natural hazards combined with the COVID-19 pandemic have had significant global impacts to the community and the environment. This study explores the impact of the Australian 2019/20 bushfires followed by the COVID-19 pandemic on unintentional coastal drowning fatalities. Fatality data were collated using triangulation methodology. Percentage change in coastal drowning fatalities between 2019/20 financial year (FY) and the 15FY annual average (2004/5-2018/19) were calculated for the dominant bushfire period (August 2019-February 2020 inclusive) and COVID-19 restrictions in place for 2019/20FY (March-June 2020 inclusive). Relative risk (RR; with 95% confidence intervals [CI]) of coastal drowning was calculated against the average for overall, bushfire and COVID-19 periods, using coastal participation data as the denominator, weighted for the predicted decrease in the use of outdoor coastal areas due to these widespread events. Coastal drowning fatalities increased in 2019/20FY by 9% overall (bushfires: 6%; COVID-19: 9%). Swimming/wading drowning fatalities increased during the bushfire period (RR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.13-3.63), while boating and personal watercraft (PWC)-related fatalities increased during both the bushfire (RR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.41-6.05) and COVID-19 period (RR = 3.86; 95% CI: 1.64-9.11). Rock fishing fatalities also increased across both the bushfire (RR = 4.19; 95% CI: 1.45-12.07; p = 0.008) and COVID-19 (RR = 3.8;95% CI: 1.24-11.62; p = 0.027) periods. Findings indicate the activity patterns leading to coastal drowning fatalities changed despite significant public health events impacting freedom of movement and thus opportunity for coastal participation. Understanding, and preparing for, the impacts of natural hazards on drowning risk is vital for future preventive efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin C Lawes
- Surf Life Saving Australia, Bondi Beach, Sydney, NSW 2026, Australia; (L.S.); (S.D.)
- School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Beach Safety Research Group, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Luke Strasiotto
- Surf Life Saving Australia, Bondi Beach, Sydney, NSW 2026, Australia; (L.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Shane Daw
- Surf Life Saving Australia, Bondi Beach, Sydney, NSW 2026, Australia; (L.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Amy E Peden
- Beach Safety Research Group, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Petrie K, Baldwin P, Crawford J, Harvey SB. The voice of mental health practice in Australia: a mixed-method cross-sectional study of gaps and areas of need. Aust N Z J Public Health 2021; 45:318-324. [PMID: 33617137 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the perceptions of health professionals regarding the gaps in mental health service provision in Australia and their need for assistance in managing patients with mental illness. METHOD A total of 570 health professionals participated in an anonymous online survey in January 2018 that assessed: i) health professionals' current levels of need for assistance in the management of patients with mental health conditions; and ii) perceived gaps in the mental health care system, and how these can be addressed. Data were analysed using a mixed-methods approach. RESULTS Of those surveyed, 71.2% of health professionals and 77.3% of general practitioners reported that they required assistance in managing their patients with at least one stage of care for at least one type of mental disorder. Qualitative analyses revealed eight major themes in health professionals' perceptions of gaps in mental health service provision, including affordability and accessibility, the problems with crisis-driven care and the 'missing middle'. CONCLUSION Overall, the results of this study provide a concerning insight into the substantial gaps in mental health care within the Australian system. Implications for public health: The results of this study add weight to ongoing calls for reform of and increased investment in the Australian mental health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Petrie
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
| | - Peter Baldwin
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
| | | | - Samuel B Harvey
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales.,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales
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Detrimental Health Behaviour Changes among Females Living in Rural Areas during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020722. [PMID: 33467693 PMCID: PMC7830307 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Women are predicted to be disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic due to increased carer responsibilities, loss of income, worry about the virus and a predominantly female healthcare workforce. Whilst there is emerging evidence that negative mental health impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic may be more pronounced for women than men, less attention has focussed on changes to health behaviours and health seeking experienced by women. Similarly, the impact of the pandemic in rural areas has not been investigated in detail. Our research questions were ‘have females residing in rural areas experienced changes in alcohol consumption, unhealthy food consumption, smoking, exercise or health seeking during the COVID-19 pandemic?’ and ‘are there differences in health behaviour changes between rural females living with or without children?’. Net increases (scale of 0–1) in consumption of unhealthy food (95% CI 0.05, 0.22) and alcohol (95% CI 0.12, 0.29) were observed. Net decreases (scale of −1 to 0) in visits to the doctor (95% CI −0.23, −0.35) and other health professionals (95% CI −0.40, −0.54) were observed. Compared with females living without children, females who lived with children were significantly associated with increased alcohol consumption (OR 2.4 (95% CI 1.4, 4.1), decreased visits to the doctor (OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.1, 3.2) and decreased visits to other health professionals (OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.1, 3.3). Results suggest that public health approaches may be required to support females residing in rural areas to optimise their health behaviours during the pandemic, particularly for those living with children. Policies must be gender responsive to counteract worsening health and social inequities both during and after the pandemic.
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Livingston JD, Youssef GJ, Francis LM, Greenwood CJ, Olsson CA, Macdonald JA. Hidden in Plain Sight? Men's Coping Patterns and Psychological Distress Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:772942. [PMID: 35069282 PMCID: PMC8766713 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.772942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals cope with stress using multiple strategies, yet studies of coping profiles are rare. We draw data from a longitudinal study of Australian men (n = 272; 30-37 years), assessed before (T1) and during (T2) a nation-wide COVID-19 lockdown. We aimed to: (1) identify men's multi-strategy coping profiles before and during the pandemic; (2) assess cross-sectional (T1-T1, T2-T2) and prospective (T1-T2) associations between profiles and symptoms of psychological distress (stress, anxiety, depression, and anger); and (3) examine relationships between coping profiles and appraisals of pandemic-related stressors and options for coping. In latent profile analyses of 14 coping strategies, three profiles emerged that were largely consistent across T1 and T2: (1) Relaxed Copers (low use of all strategies), (2) Approach Copers, and (3) Dual Copers (high avoidant and moderate-high approach-oriented strategies). Compared to Relaxed and Approach Copers, men who were Dual Copers had elevated psychological distress cross-sectionally before (T1) and during (T2) the pandemic, but not prospectively. Post hoc analyses suggested this was because many men changed coping profiles in the context of the pandemic. Men with stable (T1-T2) or new (T2 only) Dual Coping profiles experienced greater psychological distress and more negative appraisals of pandemic stressors and options for coping. In sum, at the sample level, the composition of men's coping profiles and associations with mental health risk were relatively stable over time and contexts; however, many men appeared to respond to pandemic conditions by changing coping profile groups, with mostly positive mental health outcomes. Of concern were men who adopted more avoidant strategies (e.g., denial, self-distraction, disengagement, substance use, and self-blame) under pandemic conditions. These Dual Coper men also engaged in commonly observable approach-oriented behaviours (e.g., planning, active coping, humour, seeking practical social support) that may mask their vulnerability to mental health risk. Our findings highlight the clinical importance of enquiring about escalating or frequent avoidant coping even in the presence of more active and interactive approach-oriented behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne D Livingston
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - George J Youssef
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren M Francis
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J Greenwood
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.,Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Smith JA, Wells L, Gelbart L, Lawson T. Beyond COVID-19: Consumers call for greater focus on health equity. Health Promot J Austr 2021; 32:3-5. [PMID: 33448086 PMCID: PMC8013688 DOI: 10.1002/hpja.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James A. Smith
- Wellbeing and Preventable Chronic DiseasesMenzies School of Health ResearchCasuarinaAustralia
| | - Leanne Wells
- Consumer Health Forum of AustraliaDeakinAustralia
| | - Lisa Gelbart
- Consumer Health Forum of AustraliaDeakinAustralia
| | - Tony Lawson
- Consumer Health Forum of AustraliaDeakinAustralia
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Kuntz JC. Resilience in times of global pandemic: Steering recovery and thriving trajectories. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2020; 70:188-215. [PMID: 33362330 PMCID: PMC7753818 DOI: 10.1111/apps.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana C Kuntz
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing University of Canterbury PB 4800 Christchurch 8140 New Zealand
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Abstract
This study attempt to examine the risk reduction mechanism of the COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan. World Health Organization (WHO) declared the emergency and provided guidelines to reduce the risk of a pandemic. Thus, people tried to adopt multiple health safety measures to reduce the risk of a pandemic outbreak. Therefore, this study was designed to conduct an online survey technique to collect information from 1264 individuals in Pakistan. The rationale to select the technique was based on the pandemic situations in the country i.e. COVID-19. Moreover, it was used to main social distancing and following the health safety measures. Thus, a well-structured questionnaire was administered based on an attitudinal scale and google form was used. The inclusion criteria were defined on the questionnaire such as an independent age bracket (18-60), resident of Pakistan, using social media, and literate. The response was stopped after reaching the sample at 1264 participants. The study findings reveal that social isolation, social distancing, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) had a significant positive impact on risk reduction of COVID-19 among individuals. Moreover, hand and respiratory hygienic along with the risk of infection also significantly contributing to minimizing the pandemic outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib
- Department of Sociology, University of Gujrat , Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Farooq Abdullah
- Department of Sociology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST) , Mirpur, Pakistan
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