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Marziali ME, Prins SJ, Gutkind S, Martins SS. Partner incarceration, maternal substance use, and the mediating role of social support: A longitudinal analysis using the future of families and child wellbeing study. Soc Sci Med 2024; 349:116896. [PMID: 38653185 PMCID: PMC11097120 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The United States is responsible for the highest incarceration rate globally. This study aimed to explore the impact of partner incarceration on maternal substance use and whether social support mediates the relationship between partner incarceration and maternal substance use. METHODS Using data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal cohort following new parents and children, this analysis quantifies the relationship between paternal incarceration and maternal substance use (N = 2823). We analyzed maternal responses in years 3 (2001-2003), 5 (2003-2006), 9 (2007-2010), and 15 (2014-2017). We explored the role of financial support and emergency social support as potential mediators. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to construct support-related mediators. We modeled the impact of partner incarceration and maternal substance use using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for repeated measures, adjusting for appropriate confounders (age of mother at child's birth, race, education, employment, and history of intimate partner violence). RESULTS Nearly half (44.2%, N = 1247) of participants reported partner incarceration. Among mothers who experienced partner incarceration, the odds of reporting substance use were 110% greater than those who reported no partner incarceration (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 2.10; 95% Confidence Interval (CI):1.67-2.63). Financial support at year 5 accounted for 19.5% (95% CI: 6.03-33.06%) of the association between partner incarceration at year 3 and substance use at year 9; emergency social support at year 5 accounted for 6.4% (95% CI: 0.51-12.25%) of the association between partner incarceration and substance use at year 9. Neither financial nor emergency social support at year 9 were significant mediators between partner incarceration at year 3 and substance use at year 15. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that partner incarceration impacts maternal substance use. Financial and emergency support may partially mediate this relationship in the short term, which has important implications for families disrupted by mass incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Marziali
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Seth J Prins
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Sarah Gutkind
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Silvia S Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032, USA
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Rahman T, Rogers CJ, Albers LD, Forster M, Unger JB. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Acculturation, and Risky Sexual Behaviors in Hispanic Young Adults: Findings from Project RED. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:105-118. [PMID: 36877805 PMCID: PMC10480355 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2184762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are well-documented predictors of maladaptive behaviors in adulthood, including risky sexual behaviors (RSB), the influence of acculturation in this association remains unknown. Although Hispanics are a rapidly growing population in the United States and are disproportionately affected by adverse sexual health outcomes, there is a paucity of research examining the interplay of ACE, acculturation, and RSB in this population. We observed the ACE-RSB association and how this relationship varies across U.S. and Hispanic acculturation levels, in a sample of Hispanic young adults (n = 715). Data for this study were from Project RED, a longitudinal study of Hispanic health. We ran regression models to test associations between ACE (0, 1-3, 4+) and several RSB (e.g., early sexual initiation (≤14 years), condomless sex, lifetime sexual partners, and alcohol/drug use before intercourse), and assessed moderation by U.S./Hispanic acculturation. Compared with those without ACE, individuals with 4 + ACE had higher odds of early sexual initiation (AOR: 2.23), alcohol/drug use before last intercourse (AOR: 2.31), and condomless sex (AOR: 1.66), as well as a higher number of lifetime sexual partners (β: 0.60). For those reporting 4 + ACE, high U.S. acculturation was protective in the association between ACE and using alcohol/drugs before intercourse. Future research implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahsin Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Christopher J. Rogers
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Larisa D. Albers
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jennifer B. Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
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Sebalo I, Königová MP, Sebalo Vňuková M, Anders M, Ptáček R. The Associations of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) With Substance Use in Young Adults: A Systematic Review. Subst Abuse 2023; 17:11782218231193914. [PMID: 38025908 PMCID: PMC10631312 DOI: 10.1177/11782218231193914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Young adulthood is a transitional period between adolescence and adulthood. Due to the unique pressures of taking on a new social role and associated uncertainties, young adults are at heightened risk for drug and alcohol use. Furthermore, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increases the likelihood of using maladaptive coping strategies such as using substances to avoid or soothe negative emotions. The current review aimed to summarize the associations between exposure to ACEs before the age of 18 years and subsequent drug or alcohol use between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Methods The review was performed in accordance with the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search of the Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases was conducted in February 2022. Results The initial search yielded 7178 articles, with 777 duplicates. Consequently, 6401 titles were inspected for relevance. After reading the full text, 88 articles were included in the review. Conclusion This review provides clear evidence that exposure to multiple ACEs is a robust risk factor for the use of alcohol, cannabis and other drugs by young adults. Poor self-regulation and maladaptive coping strategies were identified as mechanisms explaining this link; however, further detailed research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Sebalo
- Centre of Research and Education in Forensic Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Michaela Poslt Königová
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martina Sebalo Vňuková
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Anders
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
| | - Radek Ptáček
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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Cano MÁ, Castro FG, Benner AD, Molina KM, Schwartz SJ, Higashi RT, Lee M, Vaughan EL, Bursac Z, Cepeda A, Valdez A, Rojas P, De La Rosa M, Alonso B, Zvolensky MJ, de Dios MA. Ethnic Discrimination and Self-rated Health among Hispanic Emerging Adults: Examining the Moderating Effects of Self-esteem and Resilience. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS : IJIR 2023; 96:101846. [PMID: 37425032 PMCID: PMC10327897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2023.101846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ethnic discrimination has been conceptualized as a sociocultural stressor that is associated with lower self-rated health. However, this association remains understudied among Hispanics and less is known about constructs that may mitigate the effects of ethnic discrimination on self-rated health. Accordingly, this study aimed to (a) examine the association between ethnic discrimination and self-rated health among Hispanic emerging adults (ages 18-25), and (b) examine the extent to which self-esteem and resilience may moderate this association. A convenience sample of 200 Hispanic emerging adults from Arizona (n=99) and Florida (n=101) was recruited to complete a cross-sectional survey. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression and moderation analyses. Results indicate that higher ethnic discrimination was associated with lower self-rated health. Moderation analyses indicated that self-esteem functioned as a moderator that weakened the association between ethnic discrimination and self-rated health; however, resilience did not function similarly as a moderator. This study adds to the limited literature on ethnic discrimination and self-rated health among Hispanics and highlights that psychological factors, such as enhancing self-esteem, may help buffer the adverse effects of ethnic discrimination on health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - MinJae Lee
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
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Wang L, Zou HO, Liu J, Hong JF. Associations between adverse childhood experiences and overweight, obese, smoking and binge drinking among adult patients with depression in China. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Forster M, Rogers CJ, Sussman S, Watts J, Rahman T, Yu S, Benjamin SM. Can Adverse Childhood Experiences Heighten Risk for Problematic Internet and Smartphone Use? Findings from a College Sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115978. [PMID: 34199554 PMCID: PMC8199656 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: College students are among the heaviest users of smartphones and the Internet, and there is growing concern regarding problematic Internet (PIU) and smartphone use (PSU). A subset of adverse childhood experiences, household dysfunction [(HHD) e.g.; parental substance use, mental illness, incarceration, suicide, intimate partner violence, separation/divorce, homelessness], are robust predictors of behavioral disorders; however, few studies have investigated the link between HHD and PIU and PSU and potential protective factors, such as social support, among students. Methods: Data are from a diverse California student sample (N = 1027). The Smartphone Addiction Scale—Short Version and Internet Addiction Test assessed dimensions of addiction. Regression models tested associations between students’ level of HHD (No HHD, 1–3 HHD, ≥4 HHD) and PSU and PIU, and the role of extrafamilial social support in these relationships, adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, SES, employment loss due to COVID-19, and depression. Results: Compared to students reporting no HHD, students with ≥4 HHD had twice the odds (AOR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.21–3.40) of meeting criteria for PSU, while students with 1–3 HHD and ≥4 HHD had three and six times the odds of moderate to severe PIU (AORs: 2.03–2.46, CI:1.21–3.96) after adjusting for covariates. Extrafamilial social support was inversely associated with PIU and moderated the HHD–PSU association for students with 1–3 HHD. Conclusion: Students exposed to HHD may be especially vulnerable to developing behavioral addictions such as PSU and PIU. Extrafamilial social support offset the negative effects of HHD for PSU among the moderate risk group; implications for prevention efforts are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA 91330, USA; (J.W.); (S.M.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christopher J. Rogers
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.J.R.); (S.S.); (T.R.); (S.Y.)
| | - Steven Sussman
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.J.R.); (S.S.); (T.R.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jonathan Watts
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA 91330, USA; (J.W.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Tahsin Rahman
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.J.R.); (S.S.); (T.R.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sheila Yu
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research/Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; (C.J.R.); (S.S.); (T.R.); (S.Y.)
| | - Stephanie M. Benjamin
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Human Development, California State University, Northridge, Los Angeles, CA 91330, USA; (J.W.); (S.M.B.)
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Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Indicators in a Young Adult, College Student Sample: Differences by Gender. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:660-667. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09913-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Forster M, Vetrone S, Grigsby T, Rogers C, Unger J. The relationships between emerging adult transition themes, adverse childhood experiences, and substance use patterns among a community cohort of Hispanics. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 26:378-389. [PMID: 31464452 PMCID: PMC7048658 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging adulthood (ages 18-26) is a time of identity exploration, experimentation, focusing on self or others, and instability, themes captured in the Inventory of Dimensions of Emerging Adulthood (IDEA). Preliminary evidence suggests that emerging adults (EAs) with a history of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) score differently on transition dimensions than their peers, however, the role of ACE in the IDEA-substance use relationship is unknown. METHOD Data are from a longitudinal study of acculturation and health among Hispanics in California (N = 1,065). Multivariable regression models assessed the association between IDEA and ACE (no ACE, 1-3 ACE, and ≥ 4 ACE) for substance use behaviors over 2 time points. Interaction terms assessed whether ACE moderated the association between subjective perceptions of IDEA at age 20 and substance use at age 24. RESULTS ACE-exposed EAs scored higher on identity exploration, instability, self-focus, and experimentation dimensions than their peers (ps < .01-.001). Scores on experimentation, identity exploration, and self-focus at age 20 were associated with divergent patterns of substance use across ACE exposure categories. In comparison to other groups, individuals in ≥ 4 ACE group who strongly identified with these transition themes at age 20 had the highest probability of binge drinking, past 30-day alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drug use at age 24 (adjusted odds ratios = 1.09-1.49, confidence interval [1.02-2.58]). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ACE can affect subjective perceptions of transition themes and increased risk for substance use over time. Implications for substance use prevention efforts tailored to Hispanic EAs are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University,
Northridge. 18111 Nordhoff St. Northridge, California, CA. 91330
| | - Steven Vetrone
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University,
Northridge. 18111 Nordhoff St. Northridge, California, CA. 91330
| | - Timothy Grigsby
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, & Nutrition,
University of Texas, San Antonio, 1 UTSA Cir., San Antonio, TX, 78249
| | - Christopher Rogers
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University,
Northridge. 18111 Nordhoff St. Northridge, California, CA. 91330
| | - Jennifer Unger
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention,
Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern
California
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Forster M, Davis L, Grigsby TJ, Rogers CJ, Vetrone SF, Unger JB. The Role of Familial Incarceration and Ethnic Identity in Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempt: Findings from a Longitudinal Study of Latinx Young Adults in California. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 64:191-201. [PMID: 30968420 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Suicide is a leading cause of death among young adults; however, contextual risks and cultural factors are rarely studied in the context of ethnic minority suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal attempt (SA). This study assessed the association between familial incarceration and suicide behaviors and examined ethnic identity as a potential moderator. Data from a longitudinal study of health among Hispanics (n = 1,094) in California were used to test associations between familial incarceration, ethnic identity, and SA and SI, adjusting for demographic factors and covariates. Approximately 18% and 8% of respondents reported SI and SA, respectively. Compared to no incarceration, or the incarceration of a relative, parental incarceration was associated with higher odds (AOR: 2.09, 95% CI: 1.23-3.34) of SI whereas higher affective ethnic identity reduced the odds (AOR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.31-0.89) of SA. Ethnic identity moderated the association between parental incarceration and SI (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.13-0.79). Incarceration of a family member can set the stage for exclusion from critical institutions and can have long-term consequences for adult mental health. Promoting a positive ethnic identity may be a promising prevention strategy that could bolster resilience among at-risk, urban minority youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Forster
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Laurel Davis
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Grigsby
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, & Nutrition, University of Texas, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Rogers
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven F Vetrone
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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