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Chen J, Li S, Nie Y. Parent-adolescent conflict and problematic internet use among Chinese adolescents: the mediating role of depression and the moderating role of school climate. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:285. [PMID: 38773609 PMCID: PMC11110405 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01781-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Problematic Internet use (PIU) may lead adolescents to physical, emotional, social, or functional impairment due to the risky, excessive, or impulsive internet use manner. How do the experiences of adolescents influence them using the internet in a problematic manner? The answer to this question is the key to preventing and intervening PIU of adolescents. To address this question, we focus on the interactions among family (parent-adolescent conflict), school (school climate), and individual factors (PIU, depression), exploring the influence factors of PIU. METHODS A moderated mediation model was constructed to explore the relationship between variables. Using a two-wave longitudinal design with a six-month interval between timepoints, this study collected data from 801 Chinese adolescents (411 boys, Mage = 14.68) by questionnaires. Path analysis was employed to test the model and participants' age, sex and baseline were controlled. RESULTS Parent-adolescent conflict at Time 1 (T1) was positively related to PIU at Time 2 (T2) in adolescents. Depression at T2 mediated the relationship between parent-adolescent conflict at T1 and PIU at T2. School climate at T2 significantly moderated the mediation effect of depression on the relationship between parent-adolescent conflict at T1 and PIU at T2. Specifically, positive school climate could significantly weaken the negative effect of depression on PIU for adolescents with low level of depression. CONCLUSIONS The present study reveals that parent-adolescent conflict leads to PIU in adolescents through depression whilst the school climate moderates the impacts of depression on PIU. This adds further evidence regarding the significance of systematically and consistently incorporating family and school in the alleviating of problem behaviors displayed by teens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Chen
- Department of Psychology & Psychological and Behavioral Research Center of Adolescent, School of Education, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Psychology & Psychological and Behavioral Research Center of Adolescent, School of Education, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yangang Nie
- Department of Psychology & Psychological and Behavioral Research Center of Adolescent, School of Education, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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2
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Kang B, Li Y, Zhao X, Cui X, Qin X, Fang S, Chen J, Liu X. Negative parenting style and depression in adolescents: A moderated mediation of self-esteem and perceived social support. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:149-156. [PMID: 37879412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative parenting style as a risk factors of depression has been defined in the previous researches. However, the underlying mechanism between negative parenting style and depression was still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of self-esteem and the moderating role of perceived social support in the association between negative parenting style and depression among adolescents. METHODS A total of 14,724 Chinese adolescents were asked to complete the questionnaires including Parenting Style scale, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Self-esteem scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item scale. Mediation and moderation analyses were carried out in SPSS 25.0 macro PROCESS. RESULTS Self-esteem mediated the relationship between negative parenting styles and adolescent depression (β = 0.113, SE = 0.004, p < 0.001). Perceived social support moderated the direct effect of negative parenting style on depression (β = -0.076, SE = 0.009, p < 0.001). Moreover, perceived social support moderated the indirect effect of negative parenting style on self-esteem (β = -0.023, SE = 0.007, p < 0.001) and the indirect effect of self-esteem on depression (β = 0.070, SE = 0.009, p < 0.001) in the moderated mediation model. LIMITATIONS Cross-sectional research design was used in the study. All measures were based on participant self-report. CONCLUSION This study reveals the underlying mechanism with regard to the influence of negative parenting style on depression through self-esteem and perceived social support. Findings provide a theoretical basis and practical implications for prevention and intervention programs to protect adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Kang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yingzhen Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xueyan Zhao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xuenai Cui
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Qin
- School of Public Health and Management, Binzhou Medical University, No. 522 Huanghe Third Road, Binzhou 256603, China
| | - Shuang Fang
- Jinan Medical Center Management Committee, No. 2167 Yantai Road, Jinan 250000, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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3
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Chen Q, Song Y, Huang Y, Li C. The interactive effects of family violence and peer support on adolescent depressive symptoms: The mediating role of cognitive vulnerabilities. J Affect Disord 2023; 323:524-533. [PMID: 36496101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family violence as an inducing factor of depressive symptoms has been confirmed in previous studies. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are not well understood, particularly in Chinese adolescents. Guided by the social-ecological diathesis-stress model, this three-wave longitudinal study aimed to examine the effects of an individual's cognitive vulnerabilities (rejection-sensitivity anxiety and negative cognitive error) and positive societal contexts (peer support) on the link between family violence and depressive symptoms in Chinese society. METHODS A total of 859 Chinese adolescents (44.35 % female; Mage = 12.73, SD = 0.43 at baseline) completed self-reporting surveys that assessed variables associated with study and peer-nominated peer support. RESULTS The results showed that family violence increased the incidence of depressive symptoms in adolescents after two years, resulting in rejection-sensitivity anxiety and negative cognitive error. Surprisingly, higher self-reported peer support, although not peer-nominated support, exacerbated rather than mitigated this indirect effect, supporting the reverse stress-buffering model and extending the healthy context paradox. LIMITATIONS Most of the measures were based on participants' self-reports. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the importance of individual cognition and societal contexts in adolescents with traumatic experiences and provide empirical evidence for the intervention and clinical treatment of depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yining Song
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuancheng Huang
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Caina Li
- Shaanxi Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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4
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Wong LP, Alias H, Farid NDN, Yusop SM, Musa Z, Hu Z, Lin Y. Parent-child relationships and psychological distress: survey of parents from low-income families after the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1158698. [PMID: 37213607 PMCID: PMC10196452 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1158698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aims to shed light on parent-child relationships and the psychological health of parents from low-income families after the easing of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Methods This cross-sectional study recruited 553 parents of children aged 13-24 years in low-income community settings. The Parent-Child Conflict scale of the Parental Environment Questionnaire (PEQ) was used to measure parent-child conflict. Psychological distress was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale short form (DASS-21). Results The study revealed a low level of parent-child conflict in the overall study population, with a median PEQ of 48.0 (interquartile range [IQR] 36 to 48). Concerning demographics, married parents reported a likelihood of having a higher level of parent-child conflict over 3 times higher than single parents (OR = 3.18 95%, CI 1.30-7.75). More parent-child conflicts were also found in parents aged 60-72 years old who were unemployed, retired, or housewives and from lower-income groups. In regard to lifestyle factors, a higher level of physical activity and having enough sleep were associated with lower levels of parent-child conflict. Only approximately 1% of the participants reported symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress. Discussion Low risk exists for parent-child conflict and psychological sequelae following the easing of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, which could be due to various support measures implemented by the government. Vulnerable parents identified as being at risk of parent-child conflict warrant attention in future advocacy efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Wong
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Li Ping Wong,
| | - Haridah Alias
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nik Daliana Nik Farid
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sofia Md Yusop
- National Population and Family Development Board (LPPKN), LPPKN Building, Jalan Raja Laut, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zuhrah Musa
- National Population and Family Development Board (LPPKN), LPPKN Building, Jalan Raja Laut, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zhijian Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yulan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yulan Lin,
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5
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Yang T, Chen W, Lu Q, Sun J. Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Chinese version of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale in depressive symptoms sample during COVID-19 closure: An exploratory structural equation modeling approach. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1026294. [PMID: 36267988 PMCID: PMC9577393 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1026294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 Phobia Scale is an instrument for measuring the phobia of coronavirus. It has a stable four-factor structure and good reliability and validity in other countries and regions. In order to expand related research, this study aims to test the reliability and validity of the COVID-19 Phobia Scale in Chinese adolescents with depressive symptoms. The C19P-SC was translated into Chinese by the method of forward and back translation and tested in 1933 Chinese adolescents with depressive symptoms. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) were used to test and compare the four-factor model of the C19P-SC. Then we tested the measurement invariance of the C19P-SC across gender and time. Finally, the reliability was measured with the McDonald's omega coefficients. Consistent with previous studies, the C19P-SC showed a stable four-factor structure. The results showed that ESEM was better than CFA and more reasonable. In addition, the results of multi-group ESEM showed that the C19P-SC met the strict invariance at male and female and partial longitudinal strict invariance. The Mcdonald's omega coefficients of the C19P-SC total scale and each subscale reached the expected acceptable level. In short, the reliability and validity index of C19P-SC has reached an acceptable level, and the measurement invariance of different genders and different time points was established, but the cross-factor phenomenon of individual items was abnormal, and a further revision and testing are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qiaodan Lu
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiaheng Sun
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Center for Big Data Research in Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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6
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Kretschmer T. Parenting is genetically influenced: What does that mean for research into child and adolescent social development? SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Kretschmer
- Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands
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7
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Influence of Parent–Child Conflict on Psychological Distress among Chinese Adolescents: Moderating Effects of School Connectedness and Neighborhood Disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159397. [PMID: 35954754 PMCID: PMC9368392 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Previous empirical studies have found that not all adolescents showed a high level of psychological distress when facing parent–child conflict, which implies that there could be some additional moderating variables in this pair association. School connectedness and neighborhood disorder have been regarded as possible moderators of this relationship, but empirical evidence is lacking. The participants in this study included 971 students from two middle schools (grades 7–9) and two high schools (grades 10–12) and their parents in the City of Y, Shanxi Province, in mainland China. The PROCESS macro was used to conduct the moderation analysis. The results revealed that both school connectedness and neighborhood disorder significantly moderated the association of parent–child conflict with adolescent psychological distress. These findings highlighted the significance of increasing school connectedness and decreasing neighborhood disorder to alleviate adolescent psychological distress, thereby contributing to related policies and interventions.
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8
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Wang Z, Li C, Ai K. Family Economic Strain and Adolescent Aggression during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Roles of Interparental Conflict and Parent-Child Conflict. APPLIED RESEARCH IN QUALITY OF LIFE 2022; 17:2369-2385. [PMID: 35154505 PMCID: PMC8821868 DOI: 10.1007/s11482-022-10042-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Although the link from family economic strain to adolescent aggression has frequently been hypothesized, the results are mixed. Both interparental conflict and parent-child conflict are considered to be potential mediators of this link. However, the empirical evidence supporting this proposition is lacking. The present study investigated the direct effect of family economic strain on adolescent aggression as well as indirect effects through interparental conflict and parent-child conflict. Based on multi-informant data from 971 families with a child in middle and high schools in Y City, in Shanxi Province, structural equation modeling is conducted to examine the proposed theoretical model. Findings show that family economic strain has no significant direct impact on adolescent aggression. Interparental conflict and parent-child conflict mediate the link between family economic strain and adolescent aggression simultaneously and sequentially. This study expands current literature and deepens our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the relationship between family economic strain and adolescent aggression. Implications for policies and interventions to reduce the risk of adolescent aggression are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyou Wang
- Department of Social Work, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chunkai Li
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaikai Ai
- Faculty of History, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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9
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Longitudinal associations between mother-child conflict and child internalizing problems in mid-childhood. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 34:263-272. [PMID: 32924900 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579420000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Several aspects of mother-child relationships are associated with children's internalizing problems. We examined longitudinal associations between mother-child conflict and children's internalizing problems in middle childhood. Specifically, we examined whether conflict and children's internalizing problems predict each other longitudinally in a sample of children from 3rd through 6th grade (N = 1,364) and their mothers using a cross-lagged panel model with random intercepts. In line with expectations, we found stable between-family differences in both mother-child conflict and children's internalizing problems. Contrary to expectations, we did not find that mother-child conflict and children's internalizing problems showed significant cross-lagged associations. However, mother-child conflict and children's internalizing problems had correlated errors at each wave, indicating that these two constructs covary with each other concurrently at multiple times across development, independent of stable between-family associations (i.e., as one increases, so does the other, and vice versa). The results of this study point to the importance of using statistical approaches that can disentangle between-family differences from within-family processes. In future studies, shorter time scales (e.g., weeks or months) may better capture dynamic associations between parent-child conflict and internalizing problems.
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10
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Goodman RJ, Samek DR, Wilson S, Iacono WG, McGue M. Close relationships and depression: A developmental cascade approach. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 31:1451-1465. [PMID: 30370876 PMCID: PMC6488448 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that problematic parent-child, peer, and romantic partner relationships are associated with an increased likelihood for major depressive disorder (MDD). Less research has evaluated the developmental unfolding of how these interpersonal relationship features are both an antecedent versus a consequence of MDD symptoms from adolescence through young adulthood. These gaps were evaluated using a large community sample (N = 1,127; 54% female, 96% white) via a developmental cascade model. Results showed support for significant antecedent effects, as greater parent-child relationship problems at ages 11 and 17 predicted rank-order increases in MDD symptoms at ages 14 and 20. Supporting a developmental cascade of problematic social relationships, greater parent-child relationship problems at ages 11 and 14 also predicted greater subsequent rank-order increases in antisocial peer affiliation at ages 14 and 17. Greater affiliation to antisocial peers at age 20 predicted greater rank-order increases in romantic relationship problems at age 24, which in turn predicted greater MDD symptoms at age 29. Cross-effects were generally small (βs ≤ .16), illustrating other factors may be relevant to the development or consequences of MDD. Nonetheless, findings support the importance of efforts to strengthen social support networks to offset risk as well as potentially treat depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Goodman
- DepartmentofHuman Developmentand FamilyStudies,AuburnUniversity,Auburn,AL, USA
| | - Diana R. Samek
- DepartmentofHuman Developmentand FamilyStudies,AuburnUniversity,Auburn,AL, USA
| | - Sylia Wilson
- DepartmentofPsychology, UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Matt McGue
- DepartmentofPsychology, UniversityofMinnesota,Minneapolis, MN, USA
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11
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Griggs S, Ratner HH, Hannigan JH, Delaney-Black V, Chiodo LM. Violence exposure, conflict, and health outcomes in inner-city African American adolescents. Nurs Forum 2019; 54:513-525. [PMID: 31309581 DOI: 10.1111/nuf.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine relationships among community and school violence exposure, parent-adolescent conflict, coping style, and self-reported health in a sample of 432 high-risk, inner-city African American adolescents at age 14 years. DESIGN AND METHODS Multiple regression and principal component analysis were used to analyze the secondary data. After controlling for multiple covariates (eg, sex, age, blood lead levels, and socioeconomic status), both violence exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) were related to health outcomes. The survey of exposure to community violence, the safe-school survey, and the conflict tactics scale were used to measure community violence, school violence, and parent-adolescent conflict. Coping was evaluated using the general coping scale. The child health illness profile-adolescent edition was used to obtain self-reported health measures, and the clinician-assisted PTSD scale was used to measure PTSS. RESULTS Higher exposure to community violence was associated with less emotional comfort, less family involvement, higher individual risk, and poorer academic and work performance. Parent-adolescent conflict predicted less physical and emotional comfort and poorer home safety and health. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that it is important to evaluate both violence exposure and the responses to the exposure, which can include both PTSS and diverse coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Griggs
- School of Nursing, Yale University, West Haven, Connecticut.,College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Hilary H Ratner
- Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.,Wayne State University, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Detroit, Michigan
| | - John H Hannigan
- Wayne State University, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Detroit, Michigan.,Faculty Affairs and Professional Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Lisa M Chiodo
- College of Nursing, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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12
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Understanding Mechanisms of Genetic Risk for Adolescent Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: The Mediating Role of Parenting and Personality. Twin Res Hum Genet 2018; 21:310-321. [PMID: 30027866 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2018.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic predispositions play an important role in the development of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Understanding the mechanisms through which genetic risk unfolds to influence these developmental outcomes is critical for developing prevention and intervention efforts, capturing key elements of Irv's research agenda and scientific legacy. In this study, we examined the role of parenting and personality in mediating the effect of genetic risk on adolescents' major depressive disorder and conduct disorder symptoms. Longitudinal data were drawn from a sample of 709 European American adolescents and their mothers from the Collaborative Studies on Genetics of Alcoholism. Results from multivariate path analysis indicated that adolescents' depressive symptoms genome-wide polygenic scores (DS_GPS) predicted lower parental knowledge, which in turn was associated with more subsequent major depressive disorder and conduct disorder symptoms. Adolescents' DS_GPS also had indirect effects on these outcomes via personality, with a mediating effect via agreeableness but not via other dimensions of personality. Findings revealed that the pattern of associations was similar across adolescent gender. Our findings emphasize the important role of evocative gene-environment correlation processes and intermediate phenotypes in the pathways of risk from genetic predispositions to complex adolescent outcomes.
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13
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Hannigan LJ, McAdams TA, Eley TC. Developmental change in the association between adolescent depressive symptoms and the home environment: results from a longitudinal, genetically informative investigation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:787-797. [PMID: 28151560 PMCID: PMC5484341 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is already highly prevalent by late adolescence, indicating that research into its developmental emergence should consider earlier risk factors and environmental contexts. The home environment is a key context for children and adolescents throughout development. However, the nature of relationships that exist between aspects of the home environment and the development of depressive symptoms cannot be assumed. Genetically informative studies have been used to provide insights about the aetiology of such relationships, often finding them to be partly confounded by the influence of children's genes. Here, we investigate developmental change in the aetiology of the association between aspects of the home environment and depressive symptoms at the onset of adolescence. METHODS We used longitudinal child- and parent-report data from >5,000 twin pairs enrolled in the UK-representative Twins Early Development Study. Multivariate, genetically sensitive structural equation models were used to decompose latent variance and covariance in depressive symptoms (measured at 12 and 16 years) and aspects of the home environment (at 9 and 14 years) into genetic and environmental influences. RESULTS Going from childhood to adolescence, genetic influences accounted for an increasing proportion of the association [30% (16-42) of r = .44 in childhood; 40% (25-61) of r = .43 in adolescence], at the expense of shared environmental influences, which decreased from 70% (58-83) to 48% (29-62). Unique environmental influences accounted for a significant proportion of the association in adolescence only [12% (06-18)]. Developmental changes could largely be attributed to subtle shifts in the relative importance of stable aetiological factors, rather than the emergence of influences unique to adolescence. CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasise the importance of developmental and aetiological context in interpreting associations between aspects of the home environment and child emotional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J. Hannigan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceMRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry CentreKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Tom A. McAdams
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceMRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry CentreKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & NeuroscienceMRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry CentreKing's College LondonLondonUK
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