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Tang P, Pavlopoulou G, Kostyrka-Allchorne K, Phillips-Owen J, Sonuga-Barke E. Links between mental health problems and future thinking from the perspective of adolescents with experience of depression and anxiety: a qualitative study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:143. [PMID: 38129889 PMCID: PMC10740287 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00679-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are common during adolescence and could have detrimental impacts on young people's ability to make and implement plans for their future. However, to the best of our knowledge, no other study has adopted a qualitative approach in investigating these effects from the perspective of adolescents with lived experiences of depression and anxiety. We sought to understand how young people perceive and interpret the impact of mental health conditions on their thinking about the future. METHODS We conducted semi-structured interviews with 19 adolescents aged 16-19 years in the UK (median age = 19, IQR = 1.5), who had a history of protracted periods of clinical or subclinical depression and/or anxiety. They were asked to reflect on how their ability to think about the future and the content of the future-related thinking was impacted during periods of poor mental health, compared with periods of feeling well. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and subjected to thematic content analysis. RESULTS Five domains were identified. First, the impact of mood on future thinking capability focuses on reduced ability and motivation to engage in future thinking. Second, the impact of mood on images, thoughts, and feelings about the future includes the emotional valence of future-related thoughts, their vividness, structure, and the extent to which they intimated subjective feelings of control (i.e., agency). Third, social influences focuses on social factors that might ameliorate or exacerbate future thinking. Fourth, reflections on personal worries and expectations about the future captures personal interpretations of past worries and hopes and how future thinking affected mood. Finally, personal coping refers to how young people cope with the negative emotions that come with future thinking. CONCLUSIONS This study provided a nuanced and granular account of how depression and anxiety impacted young people's future thinking based on their lived experiences. By highlighting the different ways that variations in future thinking were experienced as a function of depression and anxiety, our analysis highlighted new factors that should be considered in studies of adolescent mental health risk, which could inform the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Tang
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Georgia Pavlopoulou
- Group for Research in Relationships and Neurodiversity (GRRAND), Clinical, Education & Health Psychology, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Anna Freud Centre, London, UK
| | - Katarzyna Kostyrka-Allchorne
- Department of Psychology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Phillips-Owen
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- School of Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Hammond SP, Mickleburgh E, Duddy C, Hiller R, Neil E, Blackett R, Williams K, Wilson J, Wong G. Improving the mental health and mental health support available to adolescents in out-of-home care via Adolescent-Focused Low-Intensity Life Story Work: a realist review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e075093. [PMID: 37813542 PMCID: PMC10565277 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Life Story Work (LSW) is used to promote the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents living in out-of-home care. LSW should be offered to all but is conventionally delivered in high-intensity ways. Low-intensity approaches are more accessible but there is significant variation and little guidance for supporting adolescents. We aimed to create guidance for Adolescent-Focused Low-Intensity LSW. DESIGN Realist review. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Sociology Collection (ProQuest), CINAHL, CDAS, Web of Science (SCIE, SSCI), Social Care Online and grey literature sources. Searches were performed between December 2021 and March 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Documents on children and adolescents in care, LSW and/or low-intensity interventions to improve mental health were included. Documents focusing on parenting style and contact with birth family were excluded. ANALYSIS Documents were analysed using a realist logic of analysis. In consultation with Content Expert Groups (comprising professionals and care leavers), we developed an initial programme theory. Data relating to and challenging the initial programme theory were extracted and context-mechanism-outcome-configurations developed, critiqued and refined in an iterative fashion. Interpretations were drawn from context-mechanism-outcome-configurations to enhance the programme theory. RESULTS 75 documents contributed to the analysis. Generally, studies were small-scale and lacked in-depth methods and evaluation descriptions. Findings indicated important factors contribute to the development of high-quality Adolescent-Focused Low-Intensity LSW. Adolescent-Focused Low-Intensity LSW should be person-centred, begin in the now, involve co-construction, record everyday positive life events and be supported by trained carer(s). Context-mechanism-outcome-configurations relating to these themes are reported. CONCLUSIONS Using this knowledge we developed initial practice guidance to support social care to deliver better quality Adolescent-Focused Low-Intensity LSW more consistently. To address gaps in our knowledge about the impact of Adolescent-Focused Low-Intensity LSW, further primary research is needed to strengthen understandings of how this intervention works (or not) in different contexts. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021279816.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P Hammond
- School of Education and Lifelong Learning, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Claire Duddy
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rachel Hiller
- Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elsbeth Neil
- School of Social Work, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Jon Wilson
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Geoff Wong
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Song R, Chen L, Zhang L, Yu F, Zhang W. Profiles and Developmental Transitions of Educational Future Orientation among Senior High School Students in China. J Youth Adolesc 2023:10.1007/s10964-023-01806-6. [PMID: 37369926 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent future orientation is highly relevant to the sociocultural context in which they are situated. However, adolescents in non-Western cultures are underrepresented in literature. This study investigated the profiles and developmental transitions of adolescent educational future orientation, as well as the roles of adolescent academic achievement and perceived parental educational expectations within the context of Chinese culture. The sample was 605 (54.5% boys) urban and rural senior high school students followed for one and a half years. Three distinctive profiles were identified: the concentrated-committed profile characterized by the concentrated goals (i.e., hopes and fears for future education) and the highest level of planning and evaluation components, the low profile scoring the lowest on each component, and the tentative profile characterized by the highest level of hopes and fears density and mean levels of planning and evaluation components. Latent transition analysis revealed high stabilities for the concentrated-committed and the low profiles but very low stabilities for the tentative profile, and transitions were more common in ways from low or tentative profiles to the concentrated-committed profile rather than vice versa. Greater academic achievement predicted the concentrated-committed profile. Perceived parental educational expectations increased adolescent educational future orientation, particularly for urban adolescents or those in the tentative profile. Urban adolescents were more likely to be in or transition into the concentrated-committed profile, particularly for those with higher academic achievement or parental expectations. These findings demonstrate the heterogeneities of adolescent thinking about future education, reveal how the Chinese sociocultural factors contribute to shaping the development of adolescent future orientation, and provide implications for the promotion of adolescent future orientation in education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Song
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Fengjie Yu
- College of Politics and Public Administration, Shandong Youth University of Political Science, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxin Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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Mueller KC, Cavitt J, Carey MT. Future orientation in justice-involved youth: The effects of adverse and positive childhood experiences, and being dual-status. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 141:106230. [PMID: 37167659 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Justice-involved youth face diverse challenges and are likely to experience more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and fewer positive childhood experiences (PCEs), which can have implications for their orientation toward their future. Future orientation is thought to influence behavior, but little is known about how it is shaped. While future orientation and its correlates likely matter for all justice-involved youth, the recently recognized subcategory of Dual Status Youths (DSYs) might be especially sensitive to influences on future orientation. OBJECTIVE This study explores the effects of cumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), cumulative positive childhood experiences (PCEs), and DSY classification on the likelihood of having a positive orientation toward the future. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The researchers analyze a sample of 3604 justice-involved youth on probation in a large metropolitan area in Texas. METHOD The sample includes juveniles who received the full Positive Achievement Change Tool (PACT) risk/needs assessment. The analytical plan included t-tests and two logistic regression analyses. RESULTS Findings were that DSY are exposed to more ACEs and fewer PCEs than non-dual status justice-involved youth. Results indicated that a greater number of PCEs is associated with future orientation, but DSY status and ACEs are not. CONCLUSIONS Juvenile justice programming must strive to cultivate PCEs in justice-involved youth prior to the completion of their probation supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Curtis Mueller
- Research Analyst at Harris County Juvenile Probation Department (HCJPD), United States of America.
| | - Joslyn Cavitt
- Research Analyst at Harris County Juvenile Probation Department (HCJPD), United States of America; University of Houston, Department of Psychology, Graduate Research Assistant, United States of America
| | - Marcus Tyler Carey
- Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at Texas A&M International University, Laredo, TX, United States of America
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Young G. Psychotherapeutic Change Mechanisms and Causal Psychotherapy: Applications to Child Abuse and Trauma. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:911-923. [PMID: 35958715 PMCID: PMC9360301 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The study of change mechanisms in psychotherapy needs to be integrated with the causality of behavior, which leads to the concept of causal psychotherapy. Causal psychotherapy is posited as a useful adjunct to standard, evidence based psychotherapies for child and youth victims of abuse and trauma. The article illustrates six processes that could be involved in causal psychotherapy in this context, from the distal to the proximal. They include the distal mechanism of activation-inhibition coordination. The most proximal one relates to executive function. The intermediate levels include ones related to co-regulation (e.g., self control), analysis-synthesis, objectivity-subjectivity, and psychological reserve, which is a new concept in the domain of psychological change mechanisms. Each of the variables can vary from high to low, with the low end being more problematic. Psychotherapy can aim to bring the patient toward adaptive levels. The literature review focuses on psychotherapeutic change mechanisms, and standard psychotherapies for child/youth abuse/trauma, especially trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy (TF-CBT). Then, it considers causal aspects of child/youth abuse and trauma, including PTSD. The discussion relates causal therapy to the question of unifying psychology and psychotherapy under the rubric of causality as a core integrative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Young
- Glendon College, York University, Toronto, Canada
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Efficacy to avoid violence and parenting: A moderated mediation of violence exposure for African American urban-dwelling boys. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 35:838-849. [PMID: 35491712 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We took a risk and resilience approach to investigating how witnessing physical violence influences adolescent violent behaviors overtime. We proposed efficacy to avoid violence as a major path of influence in this negative trajectory of adolescent development. We also focus on the protective roles of parenting behaviors for African American boys living in disadvantaged contexts. Most of our sample of 310 African American adolescent males (M age = 13.50, SD = .620) had experienced significant amounts of violence, but they also reported continued efficacy to avoid violence. We tested a first stage dual moderated mediation model and found that higher levels of witnessing violence lead to more violent behavior and less efficacy to avoid violence, and that efficacy was the mediator in that link. Youth who witness more violence may feel that engagement in violence is inescapable and thus may themselves end up engaging in it. These problematic long-term trajectories were moderated by parent's communication about violence and monitoring revealing possible protections for youth, and an enhancement of youths' internal strengths. Our findings propose pathways that can inform interventions that may protect African American adolescent boys against the vicious cycle of exposure to, and acts of, violence.
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Wu X, Gai X, Xu L, Liu F, Wang H, Kou H. Family socioeconomic status and provincial‐level economic, educational, and health‐related factors as predictors of present‐ and future‐oriented subjective wellbeing in junior high school students in China. J Adolesc 2022; 94:354-365. [DOI: 10.1002/jad.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Wu
- School of Psychology Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Xiaosong Gai
- School of Psychology Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Lili Xu
- School of Psychology Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Fangqing Liu
- School of Psychology Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Psychology Northeast Normal University Changchun Jilin China
| | - Hongyang Kou
- Northeast Asian Studies College Jilin University Changchun Jilin China
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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and future expectations in Russian adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 11:279-287. [PMID: 30852726 DOI: 10.1007/s12402-019-00292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the role of future expectations-the extent to which a future outcome is deemed likely-in the health and well-being of adolescents, with research linking future expectations to outcomes such as an increased likelihood of engaging in risky health behaviors. As yet, however, there has been no research on future expectations and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence. To address this research gap, the current study examined the association between ADHD symptoms/possible ADHD status and future expectations in a school-based sample of adolescents. Data were analyzed from 537 Russian adolescents (aged 12-17) with teacher-reported ADHD symptoms and self-reported future expectations. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations. In fully adjusted analyses, inattention symptoms/possible ADHD inattentive status was associated with lower future educational expectations, while a possible ADHD hyperactivity status was associated with increased odds for negative future expectations relating to work, family and succeeding in what is most important. The findings of this study suggest that greater ADHD symptoms/possible ADHD status in adolescence may be linked to an increased risk for negative future expectations across a variety of different life domains.
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Hill LM, Moody J, Gottfredson NC, Kajula LJ, Pence BW, Go VF, Maman S. Peer norms moderate the association between mental health and sexual risk behaviors among young men living in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Soc Sci Med 2018; 196:77-85. [PMID: 29156358 PMCID: PMC5768456 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young men living in Dar es Salaam's informal settlements face environmental stressors that may expose them to multiple determinants of HIV risk including poor mental health and risky sexual behavior norms. We aimed to understand how these co-occurring risk factors not only independently affect men's condom use and sexual partner concurrency, but also how they interact to shape these risk behaviors. METHODS Participants in the study were male members of 59 social groups known as "camps" in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We assessed moderation by changes in peer norms of the association between changes in symptoms of anxiety and depression and sexual risk behaviors (condom use and sexual partner concurrency) among 1113 sexually active men. Participants nominated their three closest friends in their camp and reported their perceptions of these friends' behaviors, attitudes, and encouragement of condom use and concurrency. Anxiety and depression were measured using the HSCL-25, and condom use and sexual partner concurrency were assessed through self-report. RESULTS Perceptions of decreasing condom use among friends (descriptive norms) and decreasing encouragement of condom use were associated with lower levels of condom use. Perceptions of increasing partner concurrency and acceptability of partner concurrency (injunctive norms) among friends were associated with higher odds of concurrency. Changes in perceived condom use norms (descriptive norms and encouragement) interacted with changes in anxiety symptoms in association with condom use such that the negative relationship was amplified by norms less favorable for condom use, and attenuated by more favorable norms for condom use. CONCLUSIONS These results provide novel evidence of the interacting effects of poor mental health and risky sexual behavior norms among a hard to reach population of marginalized young men in Dar es Salaam. Our findings provide important information for future norms-based and mental health promotion interventions targeting HIV prevention in this key population.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Hill
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Chapel Hill, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - J Moody
- Department of Sociology, Duke University, Box 90088, Durham, NC 27708, United States; Department of Sociology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - N C Gottfredson
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Chapel Hill, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - L J Kajula
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
| | - B W Pence
- Department of Epidemiology, UNC Chapel Hill, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - V F Go
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Chapel Hill, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - S Maman
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Chapel Hill, CB #7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Mahler A, Fine A, Frick PJ, Steinberg L, Cauffman E. Expecting the Unexpected? Expectations for Future Success Among Adolescent First-Time Offenders. Child Dev 2017; 89:e535-e551. [PMID: 29023672 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent first-time offenders demonstrate greater risk of continued offending, justice system contact, and high school dropout. The current study evaluates if optimistic expectations protect youth by reducing offending and improving school grades for 3 years following a first arrest (N = 1,165, Mage = 15.29). This article also considers whether improved behavior raises expectations about the future and uses autoregressive latent trajectory modeling with structured residuals to examine the within-person cross-lagged associations between expectations and behavior. The results indicated that positive expectations reduce offending and improve grades, which are in turn associated with higher expectations. Although raising expectations may improve outcomes following an arrest, ensuring adolescents have the tools to meet their goals may be an effective way to raise expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paul J Frick
- Louisiana State University.,Australian Catholic University
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