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Chen EYJ, Tung EYL. Similarities and Differences in the Longitudinal Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms from Mid-Adolescence to Young Adulthood: the Intersectionality of Gender, Race/Ethnicity, and Levels of Depressive Symptoms. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1541-1556. [PMID: 37162740 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding similarities and differences between groups with intersecting social identities provides key information in research and practice to promote well-being. Building on the intersectionality literature indicating significant gender and racial/ethnic differences in depressive symptoms, the present study used quantile regression to systematically present the diversity in the development of depressive symptoms for individuals with intersecting gender, race/ethnicity, and levels of symptoms. METHODS Information from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 79: Child and Young Adult study was employed. A detailed picture of depressive symptom trajectories from low to high quantiles was illustrated by depicting 13 quantile-specific trajectories using follow-up data from ages 15 to 40 in six gender-race/ethnicity groups: both genders of Black, Hispanic, and non-Black, non-Hispanic individuals. RESULTS From low to high quantiles, Black and non-Black, non-Hispanic individuals showed mostly curved, and Hispanic individuals showed mostly flat trajectories. Across the six gender-race/ethnicity groups, the trajectories below 0.50 quantiles were similar in levels and shapes from mid-adolescence to young adulthood. The differences between the six gender-race/ethnicity groups widened, indicated by outspreading trajectories, especially at quantiles above 0.50. Furthermore, non-Black, non-Hispanic males and females showed especially fast-increasing patterns at quantiles above 0.75. Among those without or with only a high school degree, Black females and non-Black, non-Hispanic females tended to report similar levels of depressive symptoms higher than other groups at high quantiles. These unique longitudinal trajectory profiles cannot be captured by the mean trajectories. CONCLUSIONS The intersectionality of gender, race/ethnicity, and quantile of symptoms on the development of depressive symptoms was identified. Further studying the mechanism explaining this diversity can help reduce mental health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Yi-Ju Chen
- Department of Educational Psychology, Foundations, and Leadership Studies, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA, 50614, USA.
| | - Eli Yi-Liang Tung
- Department of Analytics and Operations, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119077, Singapore
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White RMB, Kho C, Nair RL. U.S. Mexican-Origin Adolescents' Well-Being in the Context of Neighborhood White Concentration: Dismantling Systems of Racism and Oppression during Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2022; 32:470-486. [PMID: 34958152 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To address injustices that privilege whiter neighborhoods, many advocate for residential integration. The developmental consequences of greater exposure to whiteness associated with integration, however, are unclear. Research examining BIPOC adolescent development within the context of intraindividual changes in neighborhood white concentration-the changes that take place if an adolescent moves to a whiter neighborhood or if their neighborhood becomes whiter-is needed. We examined trajectories of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in a longitudinal sample of U.S. Mexican adolescents (N = 749; 48.9% girls; 70.2% born in the United States). When adolescents experienced an uptick in neighborhood white concentration, they experienced a corresponding uptick in externalizing symptoms. We discuss the impacts of navigating whiter neighborhoods for U.S. Mexican adolescent well-being.
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West KB, Roche KM, White RMB, Suveg C. Predictors of Latent Class Trajectories of Internalizing Symptoms in Latinx Adolescents. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:1593-1605. [PMID: 34331634 PMCID: PMC10395588 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Guided by ecodevelopmental theories, the present study examined how both culture-specific and general risk and protective factors across contexts predicted trajectories of Latinx youth's internalizing symptoms during early and middle adolescence. Participants included 547 Latinx youth (M age = 12.80; 55% females) recruited in middle school and followed prospectively across four time points spanning two years. Youth reported on their internalizing symptoms at all four time points, and risk and protective factors were measured at Time 1 (T1). Latent class growth curve modeling was used to examine heterogenous trajectories of change in internalizing symptoms separately for females and males, and risk and protective factors were examined as predictors of class membership. Three classes based on symptom trajectories emerged for both females and males, with most adolescents falling into classes characterized by low symptoms that remained stable or decreased over time. Risk and protective factors were predictive of class membership in theoretically meaningful ways. Some predictors of internalizing symptom trajectories differed between females and males. Findings inform our understanding of factors that influence developmental trajectories in Latinx youth and can contribute to the refinement of prevention and intervention efforts to help ensure the well-being of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara B West
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Kathleen M Roche
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
| | - Rebecca M B White
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Cynthia Suveg
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Gao T, Qin Z, Hu Y, Fei J, Cao R, Liang L, Li C, Mei S, Meng X. Trajectories of depression and anxiety in Chinese high school freshmen: Associations with Internet addiction. J Affect Disord 2021; 286:180-186. [PMID: 33730662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most previous studies focused on the associations of depression and anxiety with Internet addiction (IA) have used variable-centered approaches. This study aims to explore the distinct developmental trajectories of depression and anxiety, and their association with IA based on person-centered approaches. METHODS A total of 437 Chinese high school freshmen at the baseline were followed across one year. Latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and growth mixture modeling (GMM) were used to identify the heterogeneity of individual trajectories of depression and anxiety. RESULTS For depression, there were three distinct trajectories identified, namely, the escalating group (n=60, 13.7%), recovery group (n=31, 7.1%), and the low-stable group (n=346, 79.2%). For anxiety, the subgroups consisted of the escalating group (n=50, 11.4%), the recovery group (n=34, 7.8%), and the low-stable group (n=353, 80.8%). The probability of IA in the depression low-stable group was significantly smaller compared to those in either the recovery group (χ2=10.794, P=0.001) or the escalating group (χ2=19.314, P<0.001). The probability of IA in the anxiety low-stable group was found to be significantly smaller than that in the recovery group (χ2=17.359, P<0.001) and the escalating group (χ2=7.752, P=0.005). LIMITATIONS The sample was limited to students from one specific high school and had a one-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the study suggest the necessity of early prevention and intervention strategies for those students with depression and anxiety, which are at elevated risk of developing IA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China; Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zeying Qin
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Yueyang Hu
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Junsong Fei
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Ruilin Cao
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Leilei Liang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Chuanen Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China
| | - Songli Mei
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, China.
| | - Xiangfei Meng
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Depresión Infanto-Juvenil y exposición temprana a la violencia. REVISTA IBEROAMERICANA DE PSICOLOGÍA 2021. [DOI: 10.33881/2027-1786.rip.13310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Este artículo de revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo conocer las aproximaciones teóricas de la depresión en el curso de vida infanto juvenil, a partir de la exposición temprana a situaciones de violencia, en tanto los procesos de mielinización se obstruyen, en la medida en que en los primeros años de vida, se es víctima de violencia, influyendo esto directamente en alteraciones, cognitivas, comportamentales y emocionales. Resulta del interés en conocer los avances de las disciplinas, las metodologías, las categorías y las preguntas que están motivando a los investigadores sobre el la depresión como síntoma arraigado en la violencia, hoy. El análisis de la información fue desarrollada a través del estado del arte que constaba de 8 (ocho) ítems y 50 (cincuenta) filas, con el fin de ordenar y categorizar la información a partir de conceptos relacionales. Las perspectivas disciplinares indagadas en esta revisión son la Psicología, la psiquiatría, la neuropsicología y las ciencias sociales. Las principales categorías indagadas por los autores son: mielinización, violencia infantil, depresión, consecuencias Neuropsicológicas y emocionales de la violencia. Las preguntas que formulan los investigadores se ubican en cuatro campos: procesos neurobiológicos, violencia y maltrato infantil, pautas de crianza, depresión infanto juvenil, y trastornos comportamentales, emocionales y cognitivos. Por los resultados obtenidos, se identificó que los problemas cardinales abordados en las investigaciones son, la violencia intrafamiliar, las pautas de crianza como uno de los ejes articuladores, y la depresión infanto juvenil.
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Essau CA, de la Torre-Luque A, Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P. Patterns, predictors, and outcome of the trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to adulthood. Depress Anxiety 2020; 37:565-575. [PMID: 32526097 DOI: 10.1002/da.23034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term trajectory of depressive symptoms has a heterogeneous pattern. Identifying factors associated with different trajectories and outcomes may have important theoretical and clinical implications. This study explored patterns of depressive symptom trajectory from adolescence to adulthood, and their relationship with subsequent psychiatric disorders. METHOD A sample of 816 participants (58.8% girls; M = 16.58 years old at baseline, SD = 1.21) from a large community sample were interviewed four times during adolescence and adulthood. Depressive symptoms were also assessed. Symptom trajectory identification was based on latent class mixed modeling. Logistic regression was used for predicting emotional and drug use disorder over age 30. RESULTS Three trajectories of depressive symptoms were identified: "decreasing symptom" (decreasing trajectory of symptoms; 15.1% of participants), "increasing symptom" (initially decreasing pattern of symptoms and then increasing; 6.1% of participants), and "normative symptom" (consistently low symptom levels; 78.8% of participants). Predictors of the increasing symptom trajectory were high level of loneliness and state anxiety, presence of an emotional disorder, and low involvement in physical exercise at baseline. This trajectory membership predicted the development of anxiety disorders over age 30. Predictors of the decreasing symptom class were being female and high level of worry at baseline. CONCLUSIONS Long-term trajectories of depressive symptoms are heterogeneous, with each trajectory having different predictors and are associated with different outcomes during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro de la Torre-Luque
- Department of Legal Medicine, Psychiatry and Pathology, Center for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Paul Rohde
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon
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Cruz RA, Navarro C, Carrera K, Lara J, Mechammil M, Robins RW. Mexican-Origin Youths' Trajectories of Internalizing Symptoms from Childhood into Adolescence and Associations with Acculturation Processes. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 50:118-130. [PMID: 31215798 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2019.1622120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined depression and anxiety symptom trajectories in Mexican-origin youth (N = 674) and tested longitudinal associations with acculturation dimensions. We used eight waves of data from the California Families Project, collected annually from 5th (Mage = 10.86, SD = 0.51) to 12th (Mage = 16.79, SD = 0.50) grade. Major depression disorder (MD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms were assessed by structured psychiatric interview. Cultural measures, selected based on theory and empirical evidence, included English/Spanish use, familism, traditional gender role (TGR) attitudes, and ethnic pride. Symptom trajectories were modeled using latent growth analyses, and parallel process growth models examined covariation between internalizing and acculturation trajectories. Models adjusted for child sex, nativity, mother's education, and family income. MD symptoms decreased across adolescence on average, with steeper decreases among boys and children born in Mexico. GAD symptoms also decreased on average, with higher mean levels among girls. Age 10 Spanish use, familism, and ethnic pride were inversely related to age 10 MD symptoms. Steeper increases in Spanish use, familism, and ethnic pride predicted decreasing MD. Higher age 10 MD predicted increasing Spanish use and decreasing English use. Greater age 10 TGR attitudes predicted higher age 10 GAD but steeper declines in GAD and MD. Increasing ethnic pride slopes predicted decreasing GAD. Greater childhood TGR attitudes, and the maintenance of Spanish use, familism, and ethnic pride into adolescence, were associated with more optimal trajectories of MD and GAD symptoms. Interventions for Mexican-origin youth internalizing problems should encourage the retention of heritage culture strengths, including familism and ethnic pride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick A Cruz
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University
| | | | | | - Jazmin Lara
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University
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