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Jasenovec T, Radosinska D, Kollarova M, Balis P, Zorad S, Vrbjar N, Bernatova I, Cacanyiova S, Tothova L, Radosinska J. Effects of Taxifolin in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with a Focus on Erythrocyte Quality. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12122045. [PMID: 36556410 PMCID: PMC9788412 DOI: 10.3390/life12122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and multiple erythrocyte abnormalities have been observed in hypertension. We focused on the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) inhibition by MLN-4760 inhibitor on angiotensin peptides, oxidative stress parameters, and selected erythrocyte quality markers in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). We also investigated the potential effects of polyphenolic antioxidant taxifolin when applied in vivo and in vitro following its incubation with erythrocytes. SHRs were divided into four groups: control, taxifolin-treated, MLN-4760-treated, and MLN-4760 with taxifolin. MLN-4760 administration increased the blood pressure rise independent of taxifolin treatment, whereas taxifolin decreased it in control SHRs. Body weight gain was also higher in ACE2-inhibited animals and normalized after taxifolin treatment. However, taxifolin did not induce any change in angiotensin peptide concentrations nor a clear antioxidant effect. We documented an increase in Na,K-ATPase enzyme activity in erythrocyte membranes of ACE2-inhibited SHRs after taxifolin treatment. In conclusion, ACE2 inhibition deteriorated some selected RBC properties in SHRs. Although taxifolin treatment did not improve oxidative stress markers, our data confirmed the blood pressure-lowering potential, anti-obesogenic effect, and some "erythroprotective" effects of this compound in both control and ACE2-inhibited SHRs. In vitro investigations documenting different effects of taxifolin on erythrocyte properties from control and ACE2-inhibited SHRs accentuated the irreplaceability of in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Jasenovec
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dominika Radosinska
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marta Kollarova
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Balis
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stefan Zorad
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Norbert Vrbjar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Bernatova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Cacanyiova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomira Tothova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Radosinska
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +42-12-9011-9526
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Chen C, Wang W, Poklis JL, Lichtman AH, Ritter JK, Hu G, Xie D, Li N. Inactivation of fatty acid amide hydrolase protects against ischemic reperfusion injury-induced renal fibrogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166456. [PMID: 35710061 PMCID: PMC10215004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although cannabinoid receptors (CB) are recognized as targets for renal fibrosis, the roles of endogenous cannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and its primary hydrolytic enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), in renal fibrogenesis remain unclear. The present study used a mouse model of post-ischemia-reperfusion renal injury (PIR) to test the hypothesis that FAAH participates in the renal fibrogenesis. Our results demonstrated that PIR showed upregulated expression of FAAH in renal proximal tubules, accompanied with decreased AEA levels in kidneys. Faah knockout mice recovered the reduced AEA levels and ameliorated PIR-triggered increases in blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine as well as renal profibrogenic markers and injuries. Correspondingly, a selective FAAH inhibitor, PF-04457845, inhibited the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced profibrogenic markers in human proximal tubular cell line (HK-2 cells) and mouse primary cultured tubular cells. Knockdown of FAAH by siRNA in HK-2 cells had similar effects as PF-04457845. Tubular cells isolated from Faah-/- mice further validated the protection against TGF-β1-induced damages. The CB 1 or CB2 receptor antagonist and exogenous FAAH metabolite arachidonic acid failed to reverse the protective effects of FAAH inactivation in HK-2 cells. However, a substrate-selective inhibitor of AEA-cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) pathway significantly suppressed the anti-profibrogenic actions of FAAH inhibition. Further, the AEA-COX-2 metabolite, prostamide E2 exerted anti-fibrogenesis effect. These findings suggest that FAAH activation and the consequent reduction of AEA contribute to the renal fibrogenesis, and that FAAH inhibition protects against fibrogenesis in renal cells independently of CB receptors via the AEA-COX-2 pathway by the recovery of reduced AEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Weili Wang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Justin L Poklis
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Gaizun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Dengpiao Xie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Ningjun Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Why Multitarget Vasodilatory (Endo)cannabinoids are Not Effective as Antihypertensive Compounds after Chronic Administration: Comparison of Their Effects on Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091119. [PMID: 36145339 PMCID: PMC9503677 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic and pulmonary hypertension are multifactorial, high-pressure diseases. The first one is a civilizational condition, and the second one is characterized by a very high mortality rate. Searching for new therapeutic strategies is still an important task. (Endo)cannabinoids, known for their strong vasodilatory properties, have been proposed as possible drugs for different types of hypertension. Unfortunately, our review, in which we summarized all publications found in the PubMed database regarding chronic administration of (endo)cannabinoids in experimental models of systemic and pulmonary hypertension, does not confirm any encouraging suggestions, being based mainly on in vitro and acute in vivo experiments. We considered vasodilator or blood pressure (BP) responses and cardioprotective, anti-oxidative, and the anti-inflammatory effects of particular compounds and their influence on the endocannabinoid system. We found that multitarget (endo)cannabinoids failed to modify higher BP in systemic hypertension since they induced responses leading to decreased and increased BP. In contrast, multitarget cannabidiol and monotarget ligands effectively treated pulmonary and systemic hypertension, respectively. To summarize, based on the available literature, only (endo)cannabinoids with a defined site of action are recommended as potential antihypertensive compounds in systemic hypertension, whereas both mono- and multitarget compounds may be effective in pulmonary hypertension.
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The Differential Effect of Cannabidiol on the Composition and Physicochemical Properties of Keratinocyte and Fibroblast Membranes from Psoriatic Patients and Healthy People. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11020111. [PMID: 33557204 PMCID: PMC7913938 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The development of psoriasis is accompanied by oxidative stress, which can modify the components of skin cells. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cannabidiol (CBD), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory phytocannabinoid, on the composition and physicochemical properties of the membranes of healthy and psoriatic keratinocytes and fibroblasts exposed to ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. In psoriasis-altered cells, decreased levels of the main groups of phospholipids and increased levels of sialic acid and malondialdehyde (MDA), a lipid peroxidation product, as well as negative charge of cell membranes compared to non-diseased cells, were found. On the other hand, UVA/B radiation increased the levels of phospholipids and MDA in both groups of cells. Moreover, psoriatic cells were characterized by lower levels of sialic acid and negative charge of cell membranes, while non-diseased cells showed the opposite response. The CBD treatment intensified some of the changes (phospholipid content and membrane charge) caused by the radiation of psoriatic cells, while it prevented these changes in the cells of healthy people. The results of this study indicate that CBD can prevent structural and functional changes to the membranes of healthy skin cells during phototherapy for psoriasis.
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Tao D, Wang Y, Liu J, Chen R, Qi M, Xu S. Mechanism of CuSO 4 cytotoxicity in goat erythrocytes after high-level in vitro exposure to isotonic media. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111730. [PMID: 33396061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a common environmental pollutant in nature. Cu-poisoning can cause liver damage and erythrocytes hemolysis. To evaluate the effect of CuSO4 poisoning on the morphological and functional characteristics of goat red blood cells. Five 10-14-month-old goats were selected for jugular vein blood sampling to obtain erythrocytes, and then the erythrocytes were processed with different concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 μmol/L) of CuSO4 for 48 h, and 40 μmol/L doses CuSO4 incubated for different time (12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h) to process erythrocytes. We observed the changes in erythrocyte morphology through scanning electron microscopy, and detected the antioxidant function and activities of three ATPases. Additionally, biological properties were examined from the perspectives of phospholipids and membrane protein components, permeability fragility, and fluidity in erythrocytes. We found that after CuSO4 treatment, the antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes decreased, which was manifested as increased MDA content and decreased CuZn-SOD and GSH-Px activities (p < 0.05). In addition, we also found that erythrocyte fluidity decreased, osmotic fragility increased, membrane phospholipid percentage and protein composition changes abnormally, and Na+/K+-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities decreased (p < 0.05). From the results, it can be concluded that CuSO4 exposure causes hemolysis of goat erythrocytes through oxidative stress to the structure and function of erythrocytes, showing a dose-time effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Tao
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 843300, PR China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 843300, PR China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 843300, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 843300, PR China
| | - Meng Qi
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 843300, PR China
| | - Shiwen Xu
- College of Animal Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 843300, PR China; Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Technology Corps, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 843300, PR China.
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Changes in the Physicochemical Properties of Blood and Skin Cell Membranes as a Result of Psoriasis Vulgaris and Psoriatic Arthritis Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239129. [PMID: 33266237 PMCID: PMC7731289 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is accompanied by disturbed redox homeostasis, with systemic and local oxidative stress promoting the modification of basic components of cellular membranes. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of development of psoriasis vulgaris and psoriatic arthritis on the composition and physicochemical properties of skin cell membranes (keratinocytes and fibroblasts) and blood cells (lymphocytes, granulocytes and erythrocytes). Both forms of psoriasis are characterized by decreased levels and changes in the localization of membrane phospholipids, and an increased level of sialic acid as well as the lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde), which resulted in an increase in the zeta potential of skin cells and blood cells, with granulocytes and lymphocytes affected more than erythrocytes. Using theoretical equations and the dependence of the cell membrane surface charge density as a function of pH, it was shown that patients with psoriatic arthritis have a greater increase in the concentration of negatively charged groups on the membrane surface and reduced the value of the association constant with H+ compared to patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Therefore, it can be suggested that the physicochemical parameters of membranes, skin and blood cells, especially lymphocytes, can be used to assess the severity of the disease.
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