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Ye L, Hu P, Feng LP, Huang LL, Wang Y, Yan X, Xiong J, Xia HL. Protective Effects of Ferulic Acid on Metabolic Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010281. [PMID: 36615475 PMCID: PMC9821889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disease in which protein, fat, carbohydrates and other substances are metabolized in a disorderly way. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phenolic acid found in many vegetables, fruits, cereals and Chinese herbs that has a strong effect on ameliorating MetS. However, no review has summarized the mechanisms of FA in treating MetS. This review collected articles related to the effects of FA on ameliorating the common symptoms of MetS, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and obesity, from different sources involving Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, etc. This review summarizes the potential mechanisms of FA in improving various metabolic disorders according to the collected articles. FA ameliorates diabetes via the inhibition of the expressions of PEPCK, G6Pase and GP, the upregulation of the expressions of GK and GS, and the activation of the PI3K/Akt/GLUT4 signaling pathway. The decrease of blood pressure is related to the endothelial function of the aortas and RAAS. The improvement of the lipid spectrum is mediated via the suppression of the HMG-Co A reductase, by promoting the ACSL1 expression and by the regulation of the factors associated with lipid metabolism. Furthermore, FA inhibits obesity by upregulating the MEK/ERK pathway, the MAPK pathway and the AMPK signaling pathway and by inhibiting SREBP-1 expression. This review can be helpful for the development of FA as an appreciable agent for MetS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Pan Hu
- Chengdu Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 610016, China
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (H.-L.X.); Tel.: +86-182-2442-7340 (P.H.); +86-135-6889-9011 (H.-L.X.)
| | - Li-Ping Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li-Lu Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Chengdu Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 610016, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Chengdu Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chengdu 610016, China
| | - Hou-Lin Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
- Correspondence: (P.H.); (H.-L.X.); Tel.: +86-182-2442-7340 (P.H.); +86-135-6889-9011 (H.-L.X.)
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Chemical Characterization of Taif Rose (Rosa damascena) Methanolic Extract and Its Physiological Effect on Liver Functions, Blood Indices, Antioxidant Capacity, and Heart Vitality against Cadmium Chloride Toxicity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071229. [PMID: 35883718 PMCID: PMC9311532 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) causes an imbalance in the oxidant status of the body by triggering the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study investigated the effect of Rosa damascena (R. damascena) extract on oxidative stress, hepatotoxicity, and the injured cardiac tissue of male rats exposed to CdCl2. Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: the vehicle control (1 mg/kg normal saline), the CdCl2-treated group (5 mg/kg), the R. damascena extract group (100 mg Kg), and the combination of CdCl2 and R. damascena extract group. Male rats exposed to CdCl2 showed multiple significant histopathological changes in the liver and heart, including inflammatory cell infiltration and degenerative alterations. Successive exposure to CdCl2 elevated the levels of hepatic and cardiac reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), tumour necrosis factor-alpha) (TNF-α) and interleukin -6 (IL-6) and decreased antioxidant defences. The extracts significantly increased the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), whereas it dramatically decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and the mRNA of TNF-α and IL-6. R. damascena administration prevented liver and heart injury; suppressed excessive ROS generation, LPO, and inflammatory responses; and enhanced antioxidant defences. In addition, R. damascena upregulated the mRNA of TNF-α and IL-6 in CdCl2-administered male rats. In conclusion, R. damascena modulated the oxidative stress and inflammation induced by CdCl2. The hepatic and cardiac tissue damage and histopathological alterations resulting from the CdCl2-induced oxidative stress were counteracted by the administration of R. damascena extracts. R. damascena enhanced antioxidant defence enzymes in male rats.
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Sustained Functioning Impairments and Oxidative Stress with Neurobehavioral Dysfunction Associated with Oral Nicotine Exposure in the Brain of a Murine Model of Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma: Modifying the Antioxidant Role of Chlorella vulgaris. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11020279. [PMID: 35205143 PMCID: PMC8869302 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Nicotine is the major psychoactive component considered to underlie tobacco’s addictive nature, and its dependence has been linked to several drawbacks on behavior and brain health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanisms triggered by oral nicotine that cause brain tissue damage, as well as the supportive role of Chlorella vulgaris microalgae supplementation in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice. The results revealed pronounced neurobehavioral alterations, increased mortality rate, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and augmented inflammatory response in the brain tissue alongside the microstructural alteration caused by nicotine. Chlorella vulgaris was quite successful in reducing the negative effects of nicotine. It acts as an antioxidant anti-inflammatory and restores nearly normal tissue architectures. As a result, we believe it should be supplemented to cancer patients consuming regular nicotine doses. Abstract Background: This study provides a model for studying the mechanism(s) responsible for the nervous tissue damage and misfunctioning that occurred due to oral nicotine exposure, considered a stress factor, during the presence of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma bearing in the mouse model (EAC). The mitigating role of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) against nicotine-induced brain damage was evaluated. Methods: Eighty Swiss female mice were classified into four groups, these were the control, the CV group, the nicotine group(100 µg/kg), and the combination group. Oxidant/antioxidant status, proinflammatory cytokines levels, DNA damage, quantitative microscopical lesions, and Caspase 3, Bcl-2 proteins were assessed in the current study. Levels of dopamine (DA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were also evaluated. Results: Nicotine was found to cause pronounced neurobehavioral alterations, increase the mortalities oxidative stress DNA damage, and augment the inflammatory response in brain tissue alongside the microstructural alteration. The administration of CV with nicotine in EAC-bearing mice rescued the detrimental effects of nicotine. Conclusions: CV aids in reducing the harmful effects of nicotine and returns the conditions caused by nicotine to near-control levels. Thus, we are in favor of giving it to cancer patients who are taking daily dosages of nicotine even by smoking cigarettes or being exposed to second-hand smoke.
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Calabrese EJ, Agathokleous E, Calabrese V. Ferulic acid and hormesis: Biomedical and environmental implications. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 198:111544. [PMID: 34274398 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present paper provides the first systematic assessment of the capacity of ferulic acid to induce hormetic dose responses in biological systems. Ferulic acid induced hormetic effects in a broad range of animal models, affecting numerous biological endpoints, with particular focus on neuroprotective effects. Emerging evidence in multiple biomedical systems indicates that the hormetic effects of ferulic acid depend upon the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2. Ferulic acid was also shown to have an important role in ecological settings, being routinely released into the environment by numerous plant species, acting as an allelopathic agent affecting the growth of neighboring species via hormetic dose responses. These findings demonstrate the potential ecological and biomedical importance of ferulic acid effects and that these effects are commonly expressed via the hormetic dose response, suggesting complex multisystem evolutionary regulatory strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Evgenios Agathokleous
- Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province, Department of Ecology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 97, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Na J, Hwang HJ, Shin MS, Kang M, Lee J, Bang G, Kim YJ, Hwang YJ, Hwang KA, Park YH. Extract of radish (R. Sativus Linn) promotes anti-atherosclerotic effect using urine metabolomics in ApoE−/− mice. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Ali SA, Saifi MA, Pulivendala G, Godugu C, Talla V. Ferulic acid ameliorates the progression of pulmonary fibrosis via inhibition of TGF-β/smad signalling. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 149:111980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Use of combined nanocarrier system based on chitosan nanoparticles and phospholipids complex for improved delivery of ferulic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:288-307. [PMID: 33418046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel nanocarrier system of phospholipids complex loaded chitosan nanoparticles (FAPLC CNPs) was developed to improve the oral bioavailability and antioxidant potential of FA. FAPLC CNPs were optimized using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD). FAPLC CNPs were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, powder x-ray diffractometry, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, solubility, in vitro dissolution, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo antioxidant activity in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced albino rat model. The characterization studies indicated a formation of the complex as well as FAPLC CNPs. The FAPLC CNPs exhibited a lower particle size ~123.27 nm, PDI value ~0.31, and positive zeta potential ~32 mV respectively. Functional characterization studies revealed a significant improvement in the aqueous solubility, dissolution, and permeation rate of FAPLC and FAPLC CNPs compared to FA and FA CNPs. The FAPLC CNPs showed significant enhancement of in vivo antioxidant activity of FA by restoring the elevated marker enzymes in the CCl4-intoxicated rat model compared to FA CNPs. Moreover, the pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated a significant enhancement of oral bioavailability of FA from FAPLC CNPs compared to FA CNPs. These findings show that FAPLC CNPs could be used as an effective nanocarrier for improving the oral delivery of FA.
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Modulation of inflammatory pathways, medicinal uses and toxicities of Uvaria species: potential role in the prevention and treatment of inflammation. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:1195-1218. [PMID: 32617790 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of the contemporary anti-inflammatory drugs are well established; however, prolonged use of such can often lead to serious and life-threatening side effects. Natural product-based anti-inflammatory compounds with superior efficacy and minimum toxicity can serve as possible therapeutic alternatives in this scenario. Genus Uvaria is a part of Annonaceae family, while the majority of its species are widely distributed in tropical rain forest regions of South East Asia. Uvaria species have been used extensively used as traditional medicine for treating all sorts of inflammatory diseases including catarrhal inflammation, rheumatism, acute allergic reactions, hemorrhoids, inflammatory liver disease and inflamed joints. Phytochemical analysis of Uvaria species has revealed flavones, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, polyoxygenated cyclohexene and phenolic compounds as major phyto-constituents. This review is an attempt to highlight the anti-inflammatory activity of Uvaria species by conducting a critical appraisal of the published literature. The ethnopharmacological relevance of Uvaria species in the light of toxicological studies is also discussed herein. An extensive and relevant literature on anti-inflammatory activity of Uvaria species was collected from available books, journals and electronic databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Proquest and Ovid. Extracts and isolates of Uvaria species exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity through various mechanisms of action. 6,7-di-O-Methyl-baicalein, flexuvarol B, chrysin, (-)-zeylenol, 6-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-flavone, and pinocembrin were the most potent anti-inflammatory compounds with comparable IC50 with positive controls. Therefore, it is suggested that further research should be carried out to determine the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity of these therapeutically significant compounds, to convert the pre-clinical results into clinical data for drug development and design.
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Pérez-Manríquez J, Escalona N, Pérez-Correa J. Bioactive Compounds of the PVPP Brewery Waste Stream and their Pharmacological Effects. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x16666190723112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Beer, one of the most commonly consumed alcoholic beverages, is rich in polyphenols
and is the main dietary source of xanthohumol and related prenylflavonoids. However, to avoid haze
formation caused by the interaction between polyphenols and proteins, most phenolic compounds are
removed from beer and lost in the brewery waste stream via polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP)
adsorption. This waste stream contains several polyphenols with high antioxidant capacity and pharmacological
effects; that waste could be used as a rich, low-cost source of these compounds, though
little is known about its composition and potential attributes. This work aims to review the polyphenols
present in this brewery waste stream, as well as the health benefits associated with their consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Pérez-Manríquez
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - N. Escalona
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - J.R. Pérez-Correa
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
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Bao Y, Chen Q, Xie Y, Tao Z, Jin K, Chen S, Bai Y, Yang J, Shan S. Ferulic acid attenuates oxidative DNA damage and inflammatory responses in microglia induced by benzo(a)pyrene. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105980. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Wang W, Pan Y, Wang L, Zhou H, Song G, Wang Y, Liu J, Li A. Optimal Dietary Ferulic Acid for Suppressing the Obesity-Related Disorders in Leptin-Deficient Obese C57BL/6J -ob/ob Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4250-4258. [PMID: 30907082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) is a major polyphenolic compound and has been shown to improve the glucose and lipid homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Here, we found the optimal level of dietary FA to ameliorate obesity and obesity-correlated disorders, and identified the responses of gut microbiota to dietary FA in genetic leptin-deficient obese ( ob/ob) mice. The ob/ob mice exhibited persistent higher body weights, feed efficiency, white adipose tissue weights, and hepatic lipid accumulation, compared to those of the wild-type mice. However, 0.5% dietary FA suppressed these symptoms in ob/ob mice. The diversity of gut microbiota and the total abundance of obesity- and anti-obesity-related genera were not influenced after FA intervention in ob/ob mice. These data suggest that sufficient intake of FA (0.5%) could be useful for treating obesity or obesity-related diseases, and this weight-control effect is possibly not correlated with the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Yiou Pan
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
- Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , P.R. China 471023
| | - Li Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Hang Zhou
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Ge Song
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Yongwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
| | - Jianxue Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology , Luoyang , P.R. China 471023
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of State Administration of Grain , Beijing , P.R. China 100037
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Wang W, Pan Y, Zhou H, Wang L, Chen X, Song G, Liu J, Li A. Ferulic acid suppresses obesity and obesity-related metabolic syndromes in high fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2018.1516739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, P. R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiou Pan
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, P. R. People’s Republic of China
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, P. R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, P. R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, P. R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Ge Song
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, P. R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianxue Liu
- Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, P. R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Aike Li
- Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing, P. R. People’s Republic of China
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Ilavenil S, Kim DH, Srigopalram S, Kuppusamy P, Valan Arasu M, Lee KD, Lee JC, Song YH, Jeong YI, Choi KC. Ferulic acid in Lolium multiflorum inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and reduced high-fat-diet-induced obesity in Swiss albino mice via regulating p38MAPK and p44/42 signal pathways. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Camellia sinensis Prevents Perinatal Nicotine-Induced Neurobehavioral Alterations, Tissue Injury, and Oxidative Stress in Male and Female Mice Newborns. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5985219. [PMID: 28588748 PMCID: PMC5447281 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5985219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine exposure during pregnancy induces oxidative stress and leads to behavioral alterations in early childhood and young adulthood. The current study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of green tea (Camellia sinensis) against perinatal nicotine-induced behavioral alterations and oxidative stress in mice newborns. Pregnant mice received 50 mg/kg C. sinensis on gestational day 1 (PD1) to postnatal day 15 (D15) and were subcutaneously injected with 0.25 mg/kg nicotine from PD12 to D15. Nicotine-exposed newborns showed significant delay in eye opening and hair appearance and declined body weight at birth and at D21. Nicotine induced neuromotor alterations in both male and female newborns evidenced by the suppressed righting, rotating, and cliff avoidance reflexes. Nicotine-exposed newborns exhibited declined memory, learning, and equilibrium capabilities, as well as marked anxiety behavior. C. sinensis significantly improved the physical development, neuromotor maturation, and behavioral performance in nicotine-exposed male and female newborns. In addition, C. sinensis prevented nicotine-induced tissue injury and lipid peroxidation and enhanced antioxidant defenses in the cerebellum and medulla oblongata of male and female newborns. In conclusion, this study shows that C. sinensis confers protective effects against perinatal nicotine-induced neurobehavioral alterations, tissue injury, and oxidative stress in mice newborns.
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An overview of structure-activity relationship studies of curcumin analogs as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:605-626. [PMID: 28394628 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, extracted mainly from Curcuma longa rhizomes, has been reported to possess potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Although safe at higher doses and exhibiting multiple biological activities, curcumin still has the problem of poor bioavailability which has been an attractive area of research over the last few years. A number of efforts have been made by modifying structural features of curcumin. This review highlights the structurally modified and more stable newly synthesized curcumin analogs that have been screened against antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Also the structure-activity relationship to gain insight into future guidelines for scheming new compounds has been discussed, and further these analogs being more stable may serve as promising agents for use in different pathological conditions.
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Al-Basher G, Ajarem JS, Allam AA, Mahmoud AM. Green Tea Protects Against Perinatal Nicotine-induced Histological, Biochemical and Hematological Alterations in Mice Offspring. INT J PHARMACOL 2017. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2017.109.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Deciphering the role of ferulic acid against streptozotocin-induced cellular stress in the cardiac tissue of diabetic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 97:187-198. [PMID: 27621051 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hong Q, Ma ZC, Huang H, Wang YG, Tan HL, Xiao CR, Liang QD, Zhang HT, Gao Y. Antithrombotic activities of ferulic acid via intracellular cyclic nucleotide signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 777:1-8. [PMID: 26948317 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA) produces protective effects against cardiovascular dysfunctions. However, the mechanisms of FA is still not known. Here we examined the antithrombotic effects of FA and its potential mechanisms. Anticoagulation assays and platelet aggregation was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP), and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) was determined using enzyme immunoassay kits. Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured using the Griess reaction. Protein expression was detected by Western blotting analysis. Oral administration of FA prevented death caused by pulmonary thrombosis and prolonged the tail bleeding and clotting time in mice,while, it did not alter the coagulation parameters, including the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT). In addition, FA (50-200 µM) dose-dependently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by various platelet agonists, including adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thrombin, collagen, arachidonic acid (AA), and U46619. Further, FA attenuated intracellular Ca(2)(+) mobilization and TXB2 production induced by the platelet agonists. FA increased the levels of cAMP and cGMP and phosphorylated vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) while decreased phospho-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) in washed rat platelets, VASP is a substrate of cyclic nucleotide and PDE is an enzyme family responsible for hydrolysis of cAMP/cGMP. These results suggest that antithrombotic activities of FA may be regulated by inhibition of platelet aggregation, rather than through inhibiting the release of thromboplastin or formation of thrombin. The mechanism of this action may involve activation of cAMP and cGMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China; No. 97 Hospital of CPLA, 226 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221000, PR China
| | - Zeng-Chun Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Hao Huang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Yu-Guang Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Hong-Ling Tan
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Cheng-Rong Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Qian-De Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Departments of Behavioral Medicine & Psychiatry and Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Yue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850, PR China.
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Joukar S, Sheibani V, Koushesh F, Ghasemipoor Afshar E, Ghorbani Shahrbabaki S. Arrhythmogenic Risk Assessment Following Four-Week Pretreatment With Nicotine and Black Tea in Rat. Res Cardiovasc Med 2015; 4:e27088. [PMID: 26436072 PMCID: PMC4588709 DOI: 10.5812/cardiovascmed.27088v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is the controversy concerning the main component of tobacco, which is responsible for its arrhythmogenesis. In addition, there is the lack of adequate information about the influence of combination of black tea and nicotine on heart rhythm. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine whether pretreatment with black tea and nicotine could modulate the susceptibility to lethal ventricular arrhythmias. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were randomized to control, black tea, nicotine, and black tea plus nicotine groups. Test groups were treated with black tea brewed (orally) and nicotine (2 mg/kg, subcutaneous), alone and in combination for four weeks. On day 29, aconitine was infused intravenously for induction of cardiac arrhythmia. RESULTS In comparison with the control group, each of tea and nicotine significantly decreased the duration of the ventricular tachycardia (VT) plus ventricular fibrillation (VF) and the score of arrhythmia severity (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively,). The latency for the first VT event was significantly longer in the all test groups, but VF latency was significant only in tea and nicotine groups compared with control group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).Threshold dose of aconitine for inducing VT and VF increased in all test groups, but only VT showed a significant difference in comparison to the control group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that sub-chronic consumption of nicotine or black tea alone with appropriate doses could potentially be antiarrhythmic and its combination regimen does not increase the risk of fatal ventricular arrhythmias during four-week consumption period in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyavash Joukar
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Siyavash Joukar, Department of Physiology, Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-3413220081, E-mail:
| | - Vahid Sheibani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Faramarz Koushesh
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IR Iran
| | - Elham Ghasemipoor Afshar
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Soodabe Ghorbani Shahrbabaki
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
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Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA), a ubiquitous natural phenolic phytochemical present in seeds, leaves, bothin its free form and covalently conjugated to the plant cell wall polysaccharides, glycoproteins,polyamines, lignin and hydroxy fatty acids. FA plays a vital role in providing the rigidity to the cell wall and formation of other important organic compounds like coniferyl alcohol, vanillin, sinapic, diferulic acid and curcumin. FA exhibits wide variety of biological activities such as antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antiallergic, hepatoprotective, anticarcinogenic, antithrombotic, increase sperm viability, antiviral and vasodilatory actions, metal chelation, modulation of enzyme activity, activation of transcriptional factors, gene expression and signal transduction.
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Gutiérrez A DM, Bah M, Garduño R ML, Mendoza D SO, Serrano C V. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of methanol extracts and alkaloid fractions of four Mexican medicinal plants of Solanaceae. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2014; 11:259-67. [PMID: 25371591 PMCID: PMC4202447 DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v11i3.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methanol extracts and alkaloid fractions of different parts of four plant species belonging to Solanaceae family and used in Mexican traditional medicine were investigated for their total phenolic contents, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS The total phenolic compounds of each extract was determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while the in vitro radical scavenging activities of the extracts were assessed using the DPPH and ABTS radicals. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was determined using the TPA-induced mouse ear edema model. RESULTS The methanol extracts contained the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds and also exhibited the best reducing power on the DPPH and ABTS radicals, in a concentration-dependent fashion. However, the anti-inflammatory activity did not follow the same trend, as some alkaloid fractions that showed low radical reducing power exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory activity. CONCLUSION The methanol extract obtained from the flowers of Nicotiana glauca presented the best overall performance with the largest amount of phenolic compounds (111 µg garlic acid equivalents/g of extract), the best antioxidant activity (94.80% inhibition of DPPH and 97.57% of ABTS) and the highest anti-inflammatory activity (81.93% inhibition of the inflammation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora M Gutiérrez A
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, C.P. 76010 Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Moustapha Bah
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, C.P. 76010 Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - María L Garduño R
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Lab. 9, Química de Productos Naturales y Evaluaciones Farmacológicas. Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, C.P. 62209. Col. Chamilpa. Cuernavaca, Morelos México
| | - Sandra O Mendoza D
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, C.P. 76010 Querétaro, Querétaro, México
| | - Valentina Serrano C
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Herbario de Querétaro "Dr. Jerzy Rzedowski" (QMEX), Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, avenida de las Ciencias s/n, C.P. 76230, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
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Hritcu L, Stefan M, Brandsch R, Mihasan M. 6-hydroxy-l-nicotine from Arthrobacter nicotinovorans sustain spatial memory formation by decreasing brain oxidative stress in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2012; 69:25-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s13105-012-0184-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Lee SS, Monnappa AK, Mitchell RJ. Biological activities of lignin hydrolysate-related compounds. BMB Rep 2012; 45:265-74. [DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2012.45.5.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Mahfouz MM, Zhou SQ, Kummerow FA. Curcumin prevents the oxidation and lipid modification of LDL and its inhibition of prostacyclin generation by endothelial cells in culture. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2009; 90:13-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2009] [Revised: 06/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
AbstractMale Wistar rats were subjected to chronic nicotine treatment (0.3 mg/kg; 7 continuous days) and their memory performance was studied by means of Y-maze and multi-trial passive avoidance tasks. Nicotine significantly decreased spontaneous alternation in Y-maze task and step-through-latency in the multi-trial passive avoidance task, suggesting effects on both short-term memory and long-term memory, respectively. In addition, nicotine induced neuronal apoptosis, DNA fragmentation, reduced antioxidant enzymes activity, and increased production of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species, suggesting pro-oxidant activity. Our results provide further support that nicotine-induced memory impairment is due to an increase in brain oxidative stress in rats.
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Prevention of nicotine and streptozotocin treatment induced circulatory oxidative stress by bis-1,7-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione in diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 331:127-33. [PMID: 19468831 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes and smoking have been considered as major health problems individually and their seriousness related to health hazard has been well reported. The role of nicotine in causing or worsening effect on diabetes is not well understood. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of nicotine on experimental diabetes and to analyze the effect of bis-1,7-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione a bisdemethoxy curcumin analog (BDMCA) in streptozotocin and nicotine induced toxicity. Group I: control rats; Group II: nicotine (2.5 mg/kg b.wt); Group III: streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg b.wt); Group IV: STZ (40 mg/kg b.wt) + nicotine (2.5 mg/kg b.wt); Group V: STZ + nicotine + BDMCA (40 mg/kg b.wt); Group VI: STZ + nicotine + BDMCA (80 mg/kg b.wt). Efficacy of BDMCA was determined by evaluating blood glucose, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), hydroperoxides (HP), activities of marker enzymes alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). From our study, we have observed that nicotine not only aggravates diabetic complications but also increased the risk for diabetes. BDMCA, at a dose 80 mg/kg body weight was found to be more effective in decreasing toxic effects induced by nicotine and STZ.
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Muthukumaran S, Sudheer AR, Nalini N, Menon VP. Effect of quercetin on nicotine-induced biochemical changes and DNA damage in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes. Redox Rep 2008; 13:217-24. [PMID: 18796241 DOI: 10.1179/135100008x308948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We elucidated the protective effect of quercetin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, on lipid peroxidation, endogenous antioxidant status and DNA damage during nicotine-induced toxicity in cultured rat peripheral blood lymphocytes as compared to N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant. Lymphocytes were exposed to nicotine (3 mM) with and without quercetin and NAC (1 mM) in RPMI-1640 medium for 1 h. In preliminary experiments to fix the effective dose of quercetin, different doses of quercetin (25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 microM) were administered to lymphocytes with nicotine, and lipid peroxidation markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides) were analysed. A 75 microM dose of quercetin was found to be effective as evidenced by decreased lipid peroxidation. To evaluate the protective potential of quercetin against genotoxic effects of nicotine we used comet and micronucleus assays, which are valid parameters to assess genetic damage. In addition, biochemical changes including lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status were assessed. There were significant increases in the levels of lipid peroxidation, comet parameters and micronuclei frequencies, followed by decrease in the endogenous antioxidant status, in nicotine-treated lymphocytes, which were brought back to near normal by quercetin or NAC treatment. The protective effect of quercetin against nicotine toxicity was comparable to that of NAC. These findings suggest that quercetin can be as effective as NAC in protecting rat peripheral lymphocytes against nicotine-induced cellular and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugavelu Muthukumaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu, India
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S. Shanmug T, Krishnakum E, Somasundar I, Sivaraman D, Arunsundar M, Balaji R, M. Sivakum S. Salutary Effect of Ferulic Acid Against D-Galactosamine Challenged Liver Damage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2008.1271.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Adluri RS, Nagarajan D, Periyaswamy V, Venugopal PM. Dose-response effect of ferulic acid against nicotine-induced tissue damage and altered lipid levels in experimental rats: a pathohistological evaluation. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2008; 22:557-67. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2008.00622.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Influence of ferulic acid on nicotine-induced lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and inflammation in experimental rats as compared to N-acetylcysteine. Toxicology 2008; 243:317-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2007] [Revised: 10/17/2007] [Accepted: 10/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Protective effect of quercetin on nicotine-induced prooxidant and antioxidant imbalance and DNA damage in Wistar rats. Toxicology 2008; 243:207-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2007] [Revised: 10/06/2007] [Accepted: 10/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Balakrishnan A, Menon VP. Antioxidant properties of hesperidin in nicotine-induced lung toxicity. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2007; 21:535-46. [PMID: 17868207 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine, the principal alkaloid in tobacco, is generally considered to be an active pharmacological agent responsible for lung-related disorders. The actions of nicotine have been extensively investigated in animal and variety of cell systems. Nicotine is known to induce the lipid peroxidation by producing reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of hesperidin on nicotine toxicity. The parameters studied were marker enzymes and antioxidant status in blood, tissues, BAL (bronchoalveolar lavage cells) and BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid). Lung damage was induced by subcutaneous injection of nicotine at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg body weight for 5 days a week. Hesperidin was administered orally at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight. The results showed an increase in the level of marker enzymes and decrease in the antioxidant status in nicotine-treated rats. Hesperidin treatment resulted in a decreased level of all the marker enzymes and the antioxidant status was brought back to near normal. Thus the study shows that hesperidin offers protection against the lung damage caused by nicotine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annida Balakrishnan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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33
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Prasad NR, Ramachandran S, Pugalendi KV, Menon VP. Ferulic acid inhibits UV-B–induced oxidative stress in human lymphocytes. Nutr Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Menon VP, Sudheer AR. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2007; 595:105-25. [PMID: 17569207 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-46401-5_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 728] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a yellow pigment from Curcuma longa, is a major component of turmeric and is commonly used as a spice and food-coloring agent. It is also used as a cosmetic and in some medical preparations. The desirable preventive or putative therapeutic properties of curcumin have also been considered to be associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Because free-radical-mediated peroxidation of membrane lipids and oxidative damage of DNA and proteins are believed to be associated with a variety of chronic pathological complications such as cancer, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, curcumin is thought to play a vital role against these pathological conditions. The anti-inflammatory effect of curcumin is most likely mediated through its ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), lipoxygenase (LOX), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). COX-2, LOX, and iNOS are important enzymes that mediate inflammatory processes. Improper upregulation of COX-2 and/or iNOS has been associated with the pathophysiology of certain types of human cancer as well as inflammatory disorders. Because inflammation is closely linked to tumor promotion, curcumin with its potent anti-inflammatory property is anticipated to exert chemopreventive effects on carcinogenesis. Hence, the past few decades have witnessed intense research devoted to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin. In this review, we describe both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, the mode of action of curcumin, and its therapeutic usage against different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal P Menon
- Department of Biochemistry & Center for Micronutrient Research, Annamalai University, Tamilnadu, India.
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Sudheer AR, Muthukumaran S, Kalpana C, Srinivasan M, Menon VP. Protective effect of ferulic acid on nicotine-induced DNA damage and cellular changes in cultured rat peripheral blood lymphocytes: A comparison with N-acetylcysteine. Toxicol In Vitro 2007; 21:576-85. [PMID: 17222527 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Revised: 10/30/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine is the major pharmacologically active substance in cigarette smoke and plays an important etiological role in the development of lung cancer. Incidence of cancer may be related to oxidative damage to host genome by nicotine. These oxidative actions may be modified by the phytochemicals present in food. The present study describes the protective effect of ferulic acid (FA), a naturally occurring nutritional compound on nicotine-induced DNA damage and cellular changes in cultured rat peripheral blood lymphocytes in comparison with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant. One-hour exposure of lymphocytes to nicotine at the doses of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mM induced a statistically significant dose-dependent increase in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a lipid peroxidative marker and decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), an important endogenous antioxidant. The lowest concentration eliciting significant damage was 1 mM nicotine and maximum damage was observed with 3 mM concentration. Hence, the test concentration was fixed at 3 mM nicotine. We have used 5 different doses of FA (10, 50, 100, 150 and 300 microM) and NAC (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mM) to test their protective effects. In all the groups, FA and NAC showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect. Maximum protection was observed at the dose of 150 microM FA and 1mM NAC. So, 150 microM FA and 1mM NAC were used for further studies. There was a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidative index (TBARS and hydroperoxides (HP)), severity of DNA damage (evaluated by comet assay) in nicotine-treated group, which were significantly decreased in FA and NAC-treated groups. Nicotine treatment significantly decreased the endogenous antioxidant status viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), GSH, vitamin A, E and C. Co-administration of FA and NAC to nicotine-treated lymphocytes showed a significant increase in the antioxidant status. The protective effect of FA was merely equal to that of NAC effect. FA and NAC treatment alone did not produce any toxicity to the normal lymphocytes at their effective doses. On the whole, there is overwhelming evidence that FA has the ability to modulate DNA damage and a variety of cellular changes that occur during nicotine-induced toxicity in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adluri Ram Sudheer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Center for Micronutrient Research, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Srinivasan M, Sudheer AR, Menon VP. Ferulic Acid: therapeutic potential through its antioxidant property. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2007; 40:92-100. [PMID: 18188410 PMCID: PMC2127228 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.40.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 614] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/12/2006] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been considerable public and scientific interest in the use of phytochemicals derived from dietary components to combat human diseases. They are naturally occurring substances found in plants. Ferulic acid (FA) is a phytochemical commonly found in fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes, sweet corn and rice bran. It arises from metabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine by Shikimate pathway in plants. It exhibits a wide range of therapeutic effects against various diseases like cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative. A wide spectrum of beneficial activity for human health has been advocated for this phenolic compound, at least in part, because of its strong antioxidant activity. FA, a phenolic compound is a strong membrane antioxidant and known to positively affect human health. FA is an effective scavenger of free radicals and it has been approved in certain countries as food additive to prevent lipid peroxidation. It effectively scavenges superoxide anion radical and inhibits the lipid peroxidation. It possesses antioxidant property by virtue of its phenolic hydroxyl group in its structure. The hydroxy and phenoxy groups of FA donate electrons to quench the free radicals. The phenolic radical in turn forms a quinone methide intermediate, which is excreted via the bile. The past few decades have been devoted to intense research on antioxidant property of FA. So, the present review deals with the mechanism of antioxidant property of FA and its possible role in therapeutic usage against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Venugopal P. Menon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sudheer AR, Muthukumaran S, Devipriya N, Menon VP. Ellagic acid, a natural polyphenol protects rat peripheral blood lymphocytes against nicotine-induced cellular and DNA damage in vitro: With the comparison of N-acetylcysteine. Toxicology 2007; 230:11-21. [PMID: 17188416 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2006.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2006] [Revised: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present work is aimed at evaluating the protective effect of ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenolic compound that is widely distributed in fruits and nuts against nicotine-induced toxicity in rat peripheral blood lymphocytes. The effect of EA against nicotine toxicity was compared with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a well-known antioxidant. Lymphocytes were exposed to nicotine at the doses of 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 4 mM for 1h in culture media. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a lipid peroxidative marker and reduced glutathione (GSH), as indicative of endogenous antioxidant status were analyzed to fix the optimum dose. The lowest concentration eliciting significant damage was 1 mM nicotine and maximum damage was observed with 3 mM concentration, as evidenced by increased levels of TBARS and decreased levels of GSH. Hence, the test concentration was fixed at 3 mM nicotine. To establish most effective protective support we used five different concentrations of EA (10, 50, 100, 150 and 300 microM) against 3 mM nicotine. A dose-dependent inhibitory effect was observed with all doses of EA. Maximum protection was observed at the dose of 100 microM EA. So, 100 microM dose was used for further studies. We have tested five different concentrations of NAC-0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mM to elucidate the optimum protective dose against nicotine toxicity. One millimolar NAC showed a significant protection against nicotine toxicity. Protective effect of EA against nicotine toxicity was elucidated by analyzing the lipid peroxidative index, viz., TBARS, hydroperoxides (HP) and endogenous antioxidant status, viz., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reduced glutathione (GSH), Vitamins A, E and C. DNA damage and repair were assessed by using alkaline single-cell microgel electrophoresis (Comet assay) and micronucleus assay. There was a significant increase in the levels of lipid peroxidative index, severity in DNA damage and micronuclei number in nicotine-treated group, which was positively modulated by EA treatment. Antioxidant status was significantly depleted in nicotine-treated group, which was effectively restored by EA treatment. The protection of EA against nicotine toxicity was equally effective to that of NAC. EA and NAC treatment alone did not produce any damage to the normal lymphocytes at their effective doses. These findings suggest the potential use and benefit of EA as a modifier of nicotine-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adluri Ram Sudheer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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