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Zhang T, Hu Y, Yang N, Yu S, Pu X. The microRNA-34 Family and Its Functional Role in Lung Cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 2024; 47:448-457. [PMID: 38700126 PMCID: PMC11340685 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000001106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in humans and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The microRNA-34 (miR-34) family is dysregulated in various human cancers and is an important family of tumor suppressor genes among microRNAs. The miR-34 family is downregulated in lung cancer. It inhibits cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion, arrests the cell cycle, and induces apoptosis or senescence by negatively regulating many oncogenes. It is commonly used to detect and treat lung cancer. This study describes the regulatory role of the miR-34 family in lung cancer and the associated research advances in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Na Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua
| | - Shaofu Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The Second People’s Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua
| | - Xingxiang Pu
- The Second Department of Thoracic Medical Oncology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Tang J, Li S, Zhou Z, Wang Y, Ni D, Zhou S. MiR-3680-3p is a novel biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of liver cancer and is involved in regulating the progression of liver cancer. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 38822621 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can actively participate in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. A number of studies have shown that miRNAs can serve as important regulators of cancer cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. They can also act as markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of certain cancers. To explore the potential prognosis-related miRNAs in liver cancer patients, to provide theoretical basis for early diagnosis and prognosis of liver cancer, as well as to provide a new direction for the targeted therapy of liver cancer. The miRNA expression profiles of liver cancer patients in the the Cancer Genome Atlas database were comprehensively analyzed and various prognostic-related miRNAs of liver cancer were screened out. The data was further subjected to survival analysis, prognostic analysis, gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis, microenvironment analysis, and drug sensitivity analysis by R Language version 4.2.0. Finally, the screened miRNAs were further validated by different experiments. Thus, miNRAs involved in liver cancer diagnosis and prognosis were identified. MiRNA-3680-3p was found to be significantly different in 10 different cancers, including liver cancer, and was significantly associated with the microenvironment, survival, and prognosis of liver cancer patients. In addition, drug sensitivity analysis revealed that miRNA-3680-3p can provide a useful reference for drug selection in targeted therapy for liver cancer. MiRNA-3680-3p can serve as a biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of liver cancer patients and down-regulation of miRNA-3680-3p could significantly inhibit both the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- General Surgery, Shenzhen Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Song Li
- Department of Hepatobilary Pancreatic Gastrointestinal Surgery, JinHua People's Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Zixiao Zhou
- Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- General Surgery, Shenzhen Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - DeSheng Ni
- Department of Hepatobilary Pancreatic Gastrointestinal Surgery, JinHua People's Hospital, Jinhua, China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- General Surgery, Shenzhen Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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3
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Sadeghi MS, Lotfi M, Soltani N, Farmani E, Fernandez JHO, Akhlaghitehrani S, Mohammed SH, Yasamineh S, Kalajahi HG, Gholizadeh O. Recent advances on high-efficiency of microRNAs in different types of lung cancer: a comprehensive review. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:284. [PMID: 37986065 PMCID: PMC10661689 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03133-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma of the lung is among the most common types of cancer globally. Concerning its histology, it is categorized as a non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) and a small cell cancer (SCLC) subtype. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a member of non-coding RNA whose nucleotides range from 19 to 25. They are known to be critical regulators of cancer via epigenetic control of oncogenes expression and by regulating tumor suppressor genes. miRNAs have an essential function in a tumorous microenvironment via modulating cancer cell growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolism, and apoptosis. Moreover, a wide range of information produced via several investigations indicates their tumor-suppressing, oncogenic, diagnostic assessment, and predictive marker functions in different types of lung malignancy. miRNA mimics or anti-miRNAs can be transferred into a lung cancer cell, with possible curative implications. As a result, miRNAs hold promise as targets for lung cancer treatment and detection. In this study, we investigate the different functions of various miRNAs in different types of lung malignancy, which have been achieved in recent years that show the lung cancer-associated regulation of miRNAs expression, concerning their function in lung cancer beginning, development, and resistance to chemotherapy, also the probability to utilize miRNAs as predictive biomarkers for therapy reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleh Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Lotfi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Soltani
- School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Fu J, Imani S, Wu MY, Wu RC. MicroRNA-34 Family in Cancers: Role, Mechanism, and Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4723. [PMID: 37835417 PMCID: PMC10571940 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs that play vital roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation by inhibiting mRNA translation or promoting mRNA degradation. The dysregulation of miRNA has been implicated in numerous human diseases, including cancers. miR-34 family members (miR-34s), including miR-34a, miR-34b, and miR-34c, have emerged as the most extensively studied tumor-suppressive miRNAs. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide an overview of the major signaling pathways and gene networks regulated by miR-34s in various cancers and highlight the critical tumor suppressor role of miR-34s. Furthermore, we will discuss the potential of using miR-34 mimics as a novel therapeutic approach against cancer, while also addressing the challenges associated with their development and delivery. It is anticipated that gaining a deeper understanding of the functions and mechanisms of miR-34s in cancer will greatly contribute to the development of effective miR-34-based cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Saber Imani
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Mei-Yi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ray-Chang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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5
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Identification of Potential microRNA Panels for Male Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Identification Using Microarray Datasets and Bioinformatics Methods. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12122056. [PMID: 36556276 PMCID: PMC9780989 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still one of the types of cancer with the highest death rates. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in NSCLC development. This study evaluates miRNA expression patterns and specific mechanisms in male patients with NSCLC. Methods: We report an integrated microarray analysis of miRNAs for eight matched samples of males with NSCLC compared to the study of public datasets of males with NSCLC from TCGA, followed by qRT-PCR validation. Results: For the TCGA dataset, we identified 385 overexpressed and 75 underexpressed miRNAs. Our cohort identified 54 overexpressed and 77 underexpressed miRNAs, considering a fold-change (FC) of ±1.5 and p < 0.05 as the cutoff value. The common miRNA signature consisted of eight overexpressed and nine underexpressed miRNAs. Validation was performed using qRT-PCR on the tissue samples for miR-183-3p and miR-34c-5p and on plasma samples for miR-34c-5p. We also created mRNA-miRNA regulatory networks to identify critical molecules, revealing NSCLC signaling pathways related to underexpressed and overexpressed transcripts. The genes targeted by these transcripts were correlated with overall survival. Conclusions: miRNAs and some of their target genes could play essential roles in investigating the mechanisms involved in NSCLC evolution and provide opportunities to identify potential therapeutic targets.
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6
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Yan H, Tang S, Tang S, Zhang J, Guo H, Qin C, Hu H, Zhong C, Yang L, Zhu Y, Zhou H. miRNAs in anti-cancer drug resistance of non-small cell lung cancer: Recent advances and future potential. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:949566. [PMID: 36386184 PMCID: PMC9640411 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.949566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Clinical success is suboptimal owing to late diagnosis, limited treatment options, high recurrence rates, and the development of drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a range of small endogenous non-coding RNAs that are 22 nucleotides in length, have emerged as one of the most important players in cancer initiation and progression in recent decades. Current evidence has revealed the pivotal roles of miRNAs in regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis in NSCLC. Recently, several studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are strongly associated with resistance to anti-cancer drugs, ranging from traditional chemotherapeutic and immunotherapy drugs to anti-vascular drugs, and even during radiotherapy. In this review, we briefly introduce the mechanism of miRNA dysregulation and resistance to anti-tumor therapy in NSCLC, and summarize the role of miRNAs in the malignant process of NSCLC. We then discuss studies of resistance-related miRNAs in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and anti-vascular therapy in NSCLC. Finally, we will explore the application prospects of miRNA, an emerging small molecule, for future anti-tumor therapy. This review is the first to summarize the latest research progress on miRNAs in anti-cancer drug resistance based on drug classification, and to discuss their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Shengjie Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
| | - Shoujun Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Haiyang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Qin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Haiyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Chuan Zhong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
| | - Yunhe Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- *Correspondence: Yunhe Zhu, ; Haining Zhou,
| | - Haining Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Suining Central Hospital, An Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Suining, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Graduate School, Institute of Surgery, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yunhe Zhu, ; Haining Zhou,
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7
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Fariha A, Hami I, Tonmoy MIQ, Akter S, Al Reza H, Bahadur NM, Rahaman MM, Hossain MS. Cell cycle associated miRNAs as target and therapeutics in lung cancer treatment. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11081. [PMID: 36303933 PMCID: PMC9593298 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Limited therapeutic options and resistance to existing drugs are the major hindrances to the clinical success of this cancer. In the past decade, several studies showed the role of microRNA (miRNA) driven cell cycle regulation in lung cancer progression. Therefore, these small nucleotide molecules could be utilized as promising tools in lung cancer therapy. In this review, we highlighted the recent advancements in lung cancer therapy using cell cycle linked miRNAs. By highlighting the roles of the specific cell cycle core regulators affiliated miRNAs in lung cancer, we further outlined how these miRNAs can be explored in early diagnosis and treatment strategies to prevent lung cancer. With the provided information from our review, more medical efforts can ensure a potential breakthrough in miRNA-based lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atqiya Fariha
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Ithmam Hami
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | | | - Shahana Akter
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Al Reza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Newaz Mohammed Bahadur
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mizanur Rahaman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
| | - Md Shahadat Hossain
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Corresponding author.
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8
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Jain CK, Srivastava P, Pandey AK, Singh N, Kumar RS. miRNA therapeutics in precision oncology: a natural premium to nurture. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2022; 3:511-532. [PMID: 36071981 PMCID: PMC9446160 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2022.00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamic spectrum of microRNA (miRNA) has grown significantly over the years with its identification and exploration in cancer therapeutics and is currently identified as an important resource for innovative strategies due to its functional behavior for gene regulation and modulation of complex biological networks. The progression of cancer is the consequence of uncontrolled, nonsynchronous procedural faults in the biological system. Diversified and variable cellular response of cancerous cells has always raised challenges in effective cancer therapy. miRNAs, a class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), are the natural genetic gift, responsible to preserve the homeostasis of cell to nurture. The unprecedented significance of endogenous miRNAs has exhibited promising therapeutic potential in cancer therapeutics. Currently, miRNA mimic miR-34, and an antimiR aimed against miR-122 has entered the clinical trials for cancer treatments. This review, highlights the recent breakthroughs, challenges, clinical trials, and advanced delivery vehicles in the administration of miRNA therapies for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakresh Kumar Jain
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Poornima Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Manesar, Haryana 122413, India
| | - Nisha Singh
- Department of Bioinformatics, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, GIFT city 382355, India
| | - R Suresh Kumar
- Molecular Genetics Lab, Molecular Biology Group, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (ICMR), Noida 201307, India
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9
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Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling in Cancer-Induced Cachexia: From Molecular Pathways to the Clinics. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172671. [PMID: 36078078 PMCID: PMC9454487 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a metabolic syndrome consisting of massive loss of muscle mass and function that has a severe impact on the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. Up to 20% of lung cancer patients and up to 80% of pancreatic cancer patients are diagnosed with cachexia, leading to death in 20% of them. The main drivers of cachexia are cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 (MIC-1/GDF15) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β). Besides its double-edged role as a tumor suppressor and activator, TGF-β causes muscle loss through myostatin-based signaling, involved in the reduction in protein synthesis and enhanced protein degradation. Additionally, TGF-β induces inhibin and activin, causing weight loss and muscle depletion, while MIC-1/GDF15, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, leads to anorexia and so, indirectly, to muscle wasting, acting on the hypothalamus center. Against this background, the blockade of TGF-β is tested as a potential mechanism to revert cachexia, and antibodies against TGF-β reduced weight and muscle loss in murine models of pancreatic cancer. This article reviews the role of the TGF-β pathway and to a minor extent of other molecules including microRNA in cancer onset and progression with a special focus on their involvement in cachexia, to enlighten whether TGF-β and such other players could be potential targets for therapy.
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10
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Parayath NN, Gandham SK, Amiji MM. Tumor-targeted miRNA nanomedicine for overcoming challenges in immunity and therapeutic resistance. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022; 17:1355-1373. [PMID: 36255330 PMCID: PMC9706370 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2022-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNA are critical messengers in the tumor microenvironment (TME) that influence various processes leading to immune suppression, tumor progression, metastasis and resistance. Strategies to modulate miRNAs in the TME have important implications in overcoming these challenges. However, miR delivery to specific cells in the TME has been challenging. This review discusses nanomedicine strategies to achieve cell-specific delivery of miRNAs. The key goal of delivery is to activate the tumor immune landscape as well as to prevent chemotherapy resistance. Specifically, the use of hyaluronic acid-based nanoparticle miRNA delivery to the TME is discussed. The discussion is focused on miRNA-125b for reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages to overcome immunosuppression and miRNA-let-7b to overcome resistance to anticancer chemotherapeutics because both these miRNAs have been extensively evaluated for delivery with hyaluronic acid-based delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha N Parayath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Srujan K Gandham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA,Author for correspondence: Tel.: +1 617 373 3137;
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11
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MiRNAs in Lung Cancer: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Potential. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12071610. [PMID: 35885514 PMCID: PMC9322918 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12071610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the dominant emerging factor in cancer-related mortality around the globe. Therapeutic interventions for lung cancer are not up to par, mainly due to reoccurrence/relapse, chemoresistance, and late diagnosis. People are currently interested in miRNAs, which are small double-stranded (20–24 ribonucleotides) structures that regulate molecular targets (tumor suppressors, oncogenes) involved in tumorigeneses such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis via post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA. Many studies suggest the emerging role of miRNAs in lung cancer diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics. Therefore, it is necessary to intensely explore the miRNOME expression of lung tumors and the development of anti-cancer strategies. The current review focuses on the therapeutic, diagnostic, and prognostic potential of numerous miRNAs in lung cancer.
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12
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Combination microRNA-based cellular reprogramming with paclitaxel enhances therapeutic efficacy in a relapsed and multidrug-resistant model of epithelial ovarian cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 25:57-68. [PMID: 35399604 PMCID: PMC8971728 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Most advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients, including those with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), develop recurrent disease and acquisition of resistance to chemotherapy, leading to limited treatment options. Decrease in Let7b miRNA levels in clinical ovarian cancer has been associated with chemoresistance, increased proliferation, invasion, and relapse in EOC. We have established a murine EOC relapsed model by administering paclitaxel (PTX) and stopping therapy to allow for tumor regrowth. Global microRNA profiling in the relapsed tumor showed significant downregulation of Let7b relative to untreated tumors. Here, we report the use of hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanoparticle formulation that can deliver Let7b miRNA mimic to tumor cells and achieve cellular programming both in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that a therapeutic combination of Let7b miRNA and PTX leads to significant improvement in anti-tumor efficacy in the relapsed model of EOC. We further demonstrate that the combination therapy is safe for repeated administration. This novel approach of cellular reprogramming of tumor cells using clinically relevant miRNA mimic in combination with chemotherapy could enable more effective therapeutic outcomes for patients with advanced-stage relapsed EOC.
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13
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Scognamiglio I, Cocca L, Puoti I, Palma F, Ingenito F, Quintavalle C, Affinito A, Roscigno G, Nuzzo S, Chianese RV, Belli S, Thomas G, Schomann T, Chan A, Stoppelli MP, Condorelli G. Exosomal microRNAs synergistically trigger stromal fibroblasts in breast cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 28:17-31. [PMID: 35317202 PMCID: PMC8908025 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype. TNBC progression is sustained by recruitment of a strong tumor microenvironment (TME) mainly composed of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) able to endorse tumor hallmarks. Increasing evidences demonstrate that exosomes mediate the crosstalk between cancer cells and the TME. We examined TNBC-derived exosomes and their microRNA (miRNA) cargo in activation of normal fibroblasts (NFs) toward CAFs. We demonstrated that TNBC cell-derived exosomes increased NF collagen contraction and migration alongside CAF molecular markers. Exosome-activated fibroblasts promoted the invasion potential of normal breast epithelial cells, as assessed by an organotypic co-culture assay that resembled the in vivo context. We also investigated TNBC cell-derived exosome cargo in activating NFs to CAFs by performing small RNA sequencing. We found that the synergistic action of miR-185-5p, miR-652-5p, and miR-1246 boosted fibroblast migration and contraction, promoting specific CAF subspecialization toward a pro-migratory functional state. These data highlight the role of breast cancer cells in re-education of the TME and their contribution to tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iolanda Scognamiglio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenza Cocca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Puoti
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Palma
- Percuros BV, Eerbeeklaan 42, 2573 HT Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | | | - Cristina Quintavalle
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology G. Salvatore (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Silvia Nuzzo
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via Gianturco 113, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Vincenzo Chianese
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Belli
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Timo Schomann
- Percuros BV, Eerbeeklaan 42, 2573 HT Den Haag, the Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Alan Chan
- Percuros BV, Eerbeeklaan 42, 2573 HT Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Patrizia Stoppelli
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics (IGB), National Research Council (CNR), Via Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gerolama Condorelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.,Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology G. Salvatore (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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14
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Lu Q, Yu S, Meng X, Shi M, Huang S, Li J, Zhang J, Liang Y, Ji M, Zhao Y, Fan H. MicroRNAs: Important Regulatory Molecules in Acute Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5545. [PMID: 35628354 PMCID: PMC9142048 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an overactivated inflammatory response caused by direct or indirect injuries that destroy lung parenchymal cells and dramatically reduce lung function. Although some research progress has been made in recent years, the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS remains unclear due to its heterogeneity and etiology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a type of small noncoding RNA, play a vital role in various diseases. In ALI/ARDS, miRNAs can regulate inflammatory and immune responses by targeting specific molecules. Regulation of miRNA expression can reduce damage and promote the recovery of ALI/ARDS. Consequently, miRNAs are considered as potential diagnostic indicators and therapeutic targets of ALI/ARDS. Given that inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, we review the miRNAs involved in the inflammatory process of ALI/ARDS to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis, clinical diagnosis, and treatment of ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Lu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (S.Y.); (X.M.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Sifan Yu
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (S.Y.); (X.M.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiangyan Meng
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (S.Y.); (X.M.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingyu Shi
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (S.Y.); (X.M.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Siyu Huang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (S.Y.); (X.M.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Junfeng Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (S.Y.); (X.M.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (S.Y.); (X.M.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yangfan Liang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (S.Y.); (X.M.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mengjun Ji
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (S.Y.); (X.M.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (S.Y.); (X.M.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haojun Fan
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Q.L.); (S.Y.); (X.M.); (M.S.); (S.H.); (J.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.J.)
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
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15
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Szczepanek J, Skorupa M, Tretyn A. MicroRNA as a Potential Therapeutic Molecule in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1008. [PMID: 35326459 PMCID: PMC8947269 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs, as post-translational regulators of many target genes, are not only markers of neoplastic disease initiation and progression, but also markers of response to anticancer therapy. Hundreds of miRNAs have been identified as biomarkers of drug resistance, and many have demonstrated the potential to sensitize cancer cells to therapy. Their properties of modulating the response of cells to therapy have made them a promising target for overcoming drug resistance. Several methods have been developed for the delivery of miRNAs to cancer cells, including introducing synthetic miRNA mimics, DNA plasmids containing miRNAs, and small molecules that epigenetically alter endogenous miRNA expression. The results of studies in animal models and preclinical studies for solid cancers and hematological malignancies have confirmed the effectiveness of treatment protocols using microRNA. Nevertheless, the use of miRNAs in anticancer therapy is not without limitations, including the development of a stable nanoconstruct, delivery method choices, and biodistribution. The aim of this review was to summarize the role of miRNAs in cancer treatment and to present new therapeutic concepts for these molecules. Supporting anticancer therapy with microRNA molecules has been verified in numerous clinical trials, which shows great potential in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczepanek
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Monika Skorupa
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Tretyn
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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16
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miRNAs in Cancer (Review of Literature). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052805. [PMID: 35269947 PMCID: PMC8910953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding, single-stranded RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level by binding to mRNAs. miRNAs affect the course of processes of fundamental importance for the proper functioning of the organism. These processes include cell division, proliferation, differentiation, cell apoptosis and the formation of blood vessels. Altered expression of individual miRNAs has been shown in numerous cancers, which may indicate the oncogenic or suppressor potential of the molecules in question. This paper discusses the current knowledge about the possibility of using miRNA as a diagnostic marker and a potential target in modern anticancer therapies.
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17
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Wang C, Jia Q, Guo X, Li K, Chen W, Shen Q, Xu C, Fu Y. microRNA-34 Family: From Mechanism to Potential Applications. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 144:106168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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18
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Pottoo FH, Iqubal A, Iqubal MK, Salahuddin M, Rahman JU, AlHajri N, Shehadeh M. miRNAs in the Regulation of Cancer Immune Response: Effect of miRNAs on Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6145. [PMID: 34885253 PMCID: PMC8656569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, carcinogenesis has been extensively explored and substantial research has identified immunogenic involvement in various types of cancers. As a result, immune checkpoint blockers and other immune-based therapies were developed as novel immunotherapeutic strategies. However, despite being a promising therapeutic option, immunotherapy has significant constraints such as a high cost of treatment, unpredictable toxicity, and clinical outcomes. miRNAs are non-coding, small RNAs actively involved in modulating the immune system's multiple signalling pathways by binding to the 3'-UTR of target genes. miRNAs possess a unique advantage in modulating multiple targets of either the same or different signalling pathways. Therefore, miRNA follows a 'one drug multiple target' hypothesis. Attempts are made to explore the therapeutic promise of miRNAs in cancer so that it can be transported from bench to bedside for successful immunotherapeutic results. Therefore, in the current manuscript, we discussed, in detail, the mechanism and role of miRNAs in different types of cancers relating to the immune system, its diagnostic and therapeutic aspect, the effect on immune escape, immune-checkpoint molecules, and the tumour microenvironment. We have also discussed the existing limitations, clinical success and the prospective use of miRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
- Department of Pharmacology, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
- Product Development Department, Sentiss Research Centre, Sentiss Pharma Pvt Ltd., Gurugram 122001, India
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jawad Ur Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Noora AlHajri
- Mayo Clinic, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mustafa Shehadeh
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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19
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Hassanein SS, Ibrahim SA, Abdel-Mawgood AL. Cell Behavior of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Is at EGFR and MicroRNAs Hands. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12496. [PMID: 34830377 PMCID: PMC8621388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a complex disease associated with gene mutations, particularly mutations of Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are the two major types of lung cancer. The former includes most lung cancers (85%) and are commonly associated with EGFR mutations. Several EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs), including erlotinib, gefitinib, and osimertinib, are effective therapeutic agents in EGFR-mutated NSCLC. However, their effectiveness is limited by the development (acquired) or presence of intrinsic drug resistance. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key gene regulators that play a profound role in the development and outcomes for NSCLC via their role as oncogenes or oncosuppressors. The regulatory role of miRNA-dependent EGFR crosstalk depends on EGFR signaling pathway, including Rat Sarcoma/Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 (Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK1/2), Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT), Nuclear Factor Kappa-Light-Chain-Enhancer of Activated B Cells (NF-kB), phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT), Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), and growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2). Dysregulated expression of miRNAs affects sensitivity to treatment with EGFR-TKIs. Thus, abnormalities in miRNA-dependent EGFR crosstalk can be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as therapeutic targets in NSCLC. In this review, we present an overview of miRNA-dependent EGFR expression regulation, which modulates the behavior and progression of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Sayed Hassanein
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | | | - Ahmed Lotfy Abdel-Mawgood
- Biotechnology Program, Basic and Applied Sciences (BAS) Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), Alexandria 21934, Egypt;
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20
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Perri P, Ponzoni M, Corrias MV, Ceccherini I, Candiani S, Bachetti T. A Focus on Regulatory Networks Linking MicroRNAs, Transcription Factors and Target Genes in Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5528. [PMID: 34771690 PMCID: PMC8582685 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system that substantially contributes to childhood cancer mortality. NB originates from neural crest cells (NCCs) undergoing a defective sympathetic neuronal differentiation and although the starting events leading to the development of NB remain to be fully elucidated, the master role of genetic alterations in key oncogenes has been ascertained: (1) amplification and/or over-expression of MYCN, which is strongly associated with tumor progression and invasion; (2) activating mutations, amplification and/or over-expression of ALK, which is involved in tumor initiation, angiogenesis and invasion; (3) amplification and/or over-expression of LIN28B, promoting proliferation and suppression of neuroblast differentiation; (4) mutations and/or over-expression of PHOX2B, which is involved in the regulation of NB differentiation, stemness maintenance, migration and metastasis. Moreover, altered microRNA (miRNA) expression takes part in generating pathogenetic networks, in which the regulatory loops among transcription factors, miRNAs and target genes lead to complex and aberrant oncogene expression that underlies the development of a tumor. In this review, we have focused on the circuitry linking the oncogenic transcription factors MYCN and PHOX2B with their transcriptional targets ALK and LIN28B and the tumor suppressor microRNAs let-7, miR-34 and miR-204, which should act as down-regulators of their expression. We have also looked at the physiologic role of these genetic and epigenetic determinants in NC development, as well as in terminal differentiation, with their pathogenic dysregulation leading to NB oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Perri
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Maria Valeria Corrias
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.P.); (M.V.C.)
| | - Isabella Ceccherini
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Simona Candiani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Bachetti
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics of Rare Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
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21
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Gupta A, Andresen JL, Manan RS, Langer R. Nucleic acid delivery for therapeutic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113834. [PMID: 34492233 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent medical advances have exploited the ability to address a given disease at the underlying level of transcription and translation. These treatment paradigms utilize nucleic acids - including short interfering RNA (siRNA), microRNA (miRNA), antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), and messenger RNA (mRNA) - to achieve a desired outcome ranging from gene knockdown to induced expression of a selected target protein. Towards this end, numerous strategies for encapsulation or stabilization of various nucleic acid structures have been developed in order to achieve intracellular delivery. In this review, we discuss several therapeutic applications of nucleic acids directed towards specific diseases and tissues of interest, in particular highlighting recent technologies which have reached late-stage clinical trials and received FDA approval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Gupta
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jason L Andresen
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rajith S Manan
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- David H Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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22
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Weaver DT, Pishas KI, Williamson D, Scarborough J, Lessnick SL, Dhawan A, Scott JG. Network potential identifies therapeutic miRNA cocktails in Ewing sarcoma. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008755. [PMID: 34662337 PMCID: PMC8601628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA)-based therapies are an emerging class of targeted therapeutics with many potential applications. Ewing Sarcoma patients could benefit dramatically from personalized miRNA therapy due to inter-patient heterogeneity and a lack of druggable (to this point) targets. However, because of the broad effects miRNAs may have on different cells and tissues, trials of miRNA therapies have struggled due to severe toxicity and unanticipated immune response. In order to overcome this hurdle, a network science-based approach is well-equipped to evaluate and identify miRNA candidates and combinations of candidates for the repression of key oncogenic targets while avoiding repression of essential housekeeping genes. We first characterized 6 Ewing sarcoma cell lines using mRNA sequencing. We then estimated a measure of tumor state, which we term network potential, based on both the mRNA gene expression and the underlying protein-protein interaction network in the tumor. Next, we ranked mRNA targets based on their contribution to network potential. We then identified miRNAs and combinations of miRNAs that preferentially act to repress mRNA targets with the greatest influence on network potential. Our analysis identified TRIM25, APP, ELAV1, RNF4, and HNRNPL as ideal mRNA targets for Ewing sarcoma therapy. Using predicted miRNA-mRNA target mappings, we identified miR-3613-3p, let-7a-3p, miR-300, miR-424-5p, and let-7b-3p as candidate optimal miRNAs for preferential repression of these targets. Ultimately, our work, as exemplified in the case of Ewing sarcoma, describes a novel pipeline by which personalized miRNA cocktails can be designed to maximally perturb gene networks contributing to cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis T. Weaver
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Drew Williamson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jessica Scarborough
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Andrew Dhawan
- Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Division of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AD); (JGS)
| | - Jacob G. Scott
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Translational Hematology Oncology Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AD); (JGS)
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23
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Otmani K, Lewalle P. Tumor Suppressor miRNA in Cancer Cells and the Tumor Microenvironment: Mechanism of Deregulation and Clinical Implications. Front Oncol 2021; 11:708765. [PMID: 34722255 PMCID: PMC8554338 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.708765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs that have been identified as important posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. miRNAs production is controlled at multiple levels, including transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Extensive profiling studies have shown that the regulation of mature miRNAs expression plays a causal role in cancer development and progression. miRNAs have been identified to act as tumor suppressors (TS) or as oncogenes based on their modulating effect on the expression of their target genes. Upregulation of oncogenic miRNAs blocks TS genes and leads to tumor formation. In contrast, downregulation of miRNAs with TS function increases the translation of oncogenes. Several miRNAs exhibiting TS properties have been studied. In this review we focus on recent studies on the role of TS miRNAs in cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, we discuss how TS miRNA impacts the aggressiveness of cancer cells, with focus of the mechanism that regulate its expression. The study of the mechanisms of miRNA regulation in cancer cells and the TME may paved the way to understand its critical role in the development and progression of cancer and is likely to have important clinical implications in a near future. Finally, the potential roles of miRNAs as specific biomarkers for the diagnosis and the prognosis of cancer and the replacement of tumor suppressive miRNAs using miRNA mimics could be promising approaches for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Otmani
- Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Jules Bordet Institute, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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24
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Pal AS, Bains M, Agredo A, Kasinski AL. Identification of microRNAs that promote erlotinib resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 189:114154. [PMID: 32681833 PMCID: PMC7854807 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, demanding improvement in current treatment modalities to reduce the mortality rates. Lung cancer is divided into two major classes with non-small cell lung cancer representing ~84% of lung cancer cases. One strategy widely used to treat non-small cell lung cancer patients includes targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) using EGFR-inhibitors, such as erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib. However, most patients develop resistance to EGFR-inhibitors within a year post-treatment. Although some mechanisms that drive resistance to EGFR-inhibitors have been identified, there are many cases in which the mechanisms are unknown. Thus, in this study, we examined the role of microRNAs in driving EGFR-inhibitor resistance. As mediators of critical pro-growth pathways, microRNAs are severely dysregulated in multiple diseases, including non-small cell lung cancer where microRNA dysregulation also contributes to drug resistance. In this work, through screening of 2019 mature microRNAs, multiple microRNAs were identified that drive EGFR-inhibitor resistance in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, including miR-432-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Pal
- Department of Biological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Life Sciences Interdisciplinary Program (PULSe), West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - M Bains
- Department of Biological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - A Agredo
- Department of Biological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue Life Sciences Interdisciplinary Program (PULSe), West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - A L Kasinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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25
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Fasoulakis Z, Daskalakis G, Diakosavvas M, Papapanagiotou I, Theodora M, Bourazan A, Alatzidou D, Pagkalos A, Kontomanolis EN. MicroRNAs Determining Carcinogenesis by Regulating Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes During Cell Cycle. Microrna 2021; 9:82-92. [PMID: 31538910 PMCID: PMC7366009 DOI: 10.2174/2211536608666190919161849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To provide a review considering microRNAs regulating oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes during the different stages of cell cycle, controlling carcinogenesis. METHODS The role of microRNAs involved as oncogenes' and tumor suppressor genes' regulators in cancer was searched in the relevant available literature in MEDLINE, including terms such as "microRNA", "oncogenes", "tumor suppressor genes", "metastasis", "cancer" and others. RESULTS MicroRNAs determine the expression levels of multiple cell cycle regulators, such as cyclins, cyclin dependent kinases and other major cell cycle activators including retinoblastoma 1 (RB- 1) and p53, resulting in alteration and promotion/inhibition of the cell cycle. CONCLUSION MicroRNAs are proven to have a key role in cancer pathophysiology by altering the expression profile of different regulator proteins during cell division cycle and DNA replication. Thus, by acting as oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, they can either promote or inhibit cancer development and formation, revealing their innovative role as biomarkers and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias Fasoulakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - George Daskalakis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michail Diakosavvas
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papapanagiotou
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Marianna Theodora
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Arzou Bourazan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Dimitra Alatzidou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Athanasios Pagkalos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Xanthi, Thrace, Greece
| | - Emmanuel N Kontomanolis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Kumar S, Ashraf MU, Kumar A, Bae YS. Therapeutic Potential of microRNA Against Th2-associated Immune Disorders. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:753-766. [PMID: 33655864 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210303150235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short ~18-22 nucleotide, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules playing a crucial role in regulating diverse biological processes and are frequently dysregulated during disease pathogenesis. Thus, targeting miRNA could be a potential candidate for therapeutic invention. This systemic review aims to summarize our current understanding regarding the role of miRNAs associated with Th2-mediated immune disorders and strategies for therapeutic drug development and current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Umer Ashraf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
| | - Anil Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Gurugram-122413, India
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, South Korea
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27
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Zhou S, Ma Y, Liu X, Yu P, Huang N, Song L, Xu R, Huo Z, Zhu T, Tang X. Targeted Delivery of Glypican 3 (GPC3) Antibody-Modified MicroRNA (miR let-7b-5p) Polymer Nanoparticles to Sorafenib-Resistant Hepatsocellular Carcinoma Cells. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:677-690. [PMID: 35057893 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The miR let-7b-5p (a kind of microRNAs) has many pathophysiological regulation effects, including human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis. This study investigated whether nanoparticle-mediated miR let-7b-5p could jointly enhance the therapeutic effect of sorafenib on HCC by
inhibiting the proliferation of HCC cells, inducing apoptosis, and reversing drug resistance. We evaluated the level of miR let-7b-5p in sorafenib-resistant HepG2 cells (HepG2R) and HepG2 HCC cells by qRT-PCR and analyzed the biological effects of hepatocellular carcinoma treated
with sorafenib with miR let-7b-5p, and further studied the toxicity of nanoparticles (Ab-miR-NPs) that deliver miR let-7b-5p mimics and target GPC3 on the surface of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Results showed that, in HepG2 cells, the expression level of miR let-7b-5p was significantly
higher than that in HepG2R cells. Targeted nanoparticle Ab-miR-NPs mediated the delivery of miR let-7b-5p to the HCC cytoplasm and released miRNA after being broken down, down-regulating the expression of IGF1R and inhibiting AKT/mTOR and Ras/Raf signal transmission. Ab-miR-NPs
not only enhanced the proliferation of sorafenib in cultured HepG2R cells and induced cell apoptosis efficiency, but they also improved the anti-tumor activity in the mouse models. These results indicated that GPC3 antibody-modified PLGA-PLL (polylactic acid-glycolic acetic copolymer
grafted hyper-branched polylysine) loaded miR let-7b-5p polymer nanoparticles combined with sorafenib may be a new treatment strategy for HCC resistant to sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University ofScience & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Yongfang Ma
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University ofScience & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xueke Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu 322000, China 5Department of Gastroenterology, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Materials and Occupational Health, Anhui University of Science and Technology (Wuhu), Wuhu 241003, China
| | - Li Song
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University ofScience & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Ruyue Xu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University ofScience & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Zhen Huo
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Medical School, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University ofScience & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
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Li WJ, Wang Y, Liu R, Kasinski AL, Shen H, Slack FJ, Tang DG. MicroRNA-34a: Potent Tumor Suppressor, Cancer Stem Cell Inhibitor, and Potential Anticancer Therapeutic. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:640587. [PMID: 33763422 PMCID: PMC7982597 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence indicates that virtually all treatment-naive tumors contain a subpopulation of cancer cells that possess some stem cell traits and properties and are operationally defined as cancer cell stem cells (CSCs). CSCs manifest inherent heterogeneity in that they may exist in an epithelial and proliferative state or a mesenchymal non-proliferative and invasive state. Spontaneous tumor progression, therapeutic treatments, and (epi)genetic mutations may also induce plasticity in non-CSCs and reprogram them into stem-like cancer cells. Intrinsic cancer cell heterogeneity and induced cancer cell plasticity, constantly and dynamically, generate a pool of CSC subpopulations with varying levels of epigenomic stability and stemness. Despite the dynamic and transient nature of CSCs, they play fundamental roles in mediating therapy resistance and tumor relapse. It is now clear that the stemness of CSCs is coordinately regulated by genetic factors and epigenetic mechanisms. Here, in this perspective, we first provide a brief updated overview of CSCs. We then focus on microRNA-34a (miR-34a), a tumor-suppressive microRNA (miRNA) devoid in many CSCs and advanced tumors. Being a member of the miR-34 family, miR-34a was identified as a p53 target in 2007. It is a bona fide tumor suppressor, and its expression is dysregulated and downregulated in various human cancers. By targeting stemness factors such as NOTCH, MYC, BCL-2, and CD44, miR-34a epigenetically and negatively regulates the functional properties of CSCs. We shall briefly discuss potential reasons behind the failure of the first-in-class clinical trial of MRX34, a liposomal miR-34a mimic. Finally, we offer several clinical settings where miR-34a can potentially be deployed to therapeutically target CSCs and advanced, therapy-resistant, and p53-mutant tumors in order to overcome therapy resistance and curb tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jess Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Yunfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Andrea L Kasinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Haifa Shen
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Frank J Slack
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Experimental Therapeutics Graduate Program, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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29
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Sheikhpour M, Abolfathi H, Karimipoor M, Movafagh A, Shahsavani M. The Common miRNAs between Tuberculosis and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Critical Review. TANAFFOS 2021; 20:197-208. [PMID: 35382078 PMCID: PMC8978040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are two major contributors to mortality and morbidity worldwide. In this regard, TB and NSCLC have similar symptoms, and TB has symptoms that are identical to malignancy; therefore, sometimes it is mistakenly diagnosed as lung cancer. Moreover, patients with active pulmonary TB are at a higher risk of dying due to lung cancer. In addition, several signaling pathways involved in TB and NSCLC have been identified. Also, the miRNAs are biological molecules shown to play essential roles in the above-mentioned diseases through targeting the signaling pathways' genes. Most of the pathways affected by miRNAs are immune responses such as autophagy and apoptosis in TB and NSCLC, respectively. Several studies have separately investigated the expression of miRNAs profile in patients with NSCLC and infectious TB. In this critical review, we attempted to gather common miRNAs between TB and NSCLC and to explain the involved-pathways, which are affected by miRNAs in both TB and NSCLC. Results of this critical review show that the expressions of miR-155, miR-146a, miR-125b, miR-30a, miR-29a, and miR-Let7 have significantly changed in TB and NSCLC. The data suggest that miRNAs expression may provide a new method for screening or differential diagnosis of NSCLC and TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Sheikhpour
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanie Abolfathi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Karimipoor
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Movafagh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Shohada Hospital, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbubeh Shahsavani
- Department of Genetics & Biotechnology, School of Biological Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
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Raue R, Frank AC, Syed SN, Brüne B. Therapeutic Targeting of MicroRNAs in the Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042210. [PMID: 33672261 PMCID: PMC7926641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor-microenvironment (TME) is an amalgamation of various factors derived from malignant cells and infiltrating host cells, including cells of the immune system. One of the important factors of the TME is microRNAs (miRs) that regulate target gene expression at a post transcriptional level. MiRs have been found to be dysregulated in tumor as well as in stromal cells and they emerged as important regulators of tumorigenesis. In fact, miRs regulate almost all hallmarks of cancer, thus making them attractive tools and targets for novel anti-tumoral treatment strategies. Tumor to stroma cell cross-propagation of miRs to regulate protumoral functions has been a salient feature of the TME. MiRs can either act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes (oncomiRs) and both miR mimics as well as miR inhibitors (antimiRs) have been used in preclinical trials to alter cancer and stromal cell phenotypes. Owing to their cascading ability to regulate upstream target genes and their chemical nature, which allows specific pharmacological targeting, miRs are attractive targets for anti-tumor therapy. In this review, we cover a recent update on our understanding of dysregulated miRs in the TME and provide an overview of how these miRs are involved in current cancer-therapeutic approaches from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Raue
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
| | - Ann-Christin Frank
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
| | - Shahzad Nawaz Syed
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
- Correspondence: (S.N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +49-69-6301-7424 (B.B.)
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (R.R.); (A.-C.F.)
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.N.S.); (B.B.); Tel.: +49-69-6301-7424 (B.B.)
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Clinico-Pathological Importance of miR-146a in Lung Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11020274. [PMID: 33578944 PMCID: PMC7916675 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11020274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a well-known malignant tumor of the respiratory tract, which has caused a significant level of damage to human health in the 21st century. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are tiny, non-coding RNA stem-loop structures with a length of roughly 20–25 nucleotides that function as powerful modulators of mRNA and protein products of a gene. miRNAs may modulate many biological processes involving growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death and play a key role in the pathogenesis of various types of malignancies. Several accumulating pieces of evidence have proven that miRNA, especially miR-146a, are crucial modulators of innate immune response sequences. A novel and exciting cancer research field has involved miRNA for the detection and suppression of cancer. However, the actual mechanism which is adopted by these miRNA is still unclear. miRNAs have been used as a cancer-associated biomarker in several studies, suggesting their altered expression in various cancers compared to the normal cells. The amount of expression of miRNA can also be used to determine the stage of the disease, aiding in early detection. In breast, pancreatic, and hepatocellular carcinoma, and gastric cancer, cancer cell proliferation and metastasis has been suppressed by miR-146a. Changes in miR-146a expression levels have biomarker importance and possess a high potential as a therapeutic target in lung cancer. It retards epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes the therapeutic action of anticancer agents in lung cancer. Studies have also suggested that miR-146a affects gene expression through different signaling pathways viz. TNF-α, NF-κB and MEK-1/2, and JNK-1/2. Further research is required for understanding the molecular mechanisms of miR-146a in lung cancer. The potential role of miR-146a as a diagnostic marker of lung cancer must also be analyzed. This review summarizes the tumor-suppressing, anti-inflammatory, and antichemoresistive nature of miR-146a in lung cancer.
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32
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MicroRNAs: Emerging oncogenic and tumor-suppressive regulators, biomarkers and therapeutic targets in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:71-83. [PMID: 33453304 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common solid tumors worldwide and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, causing a devastating impact on human health. The clinical prognosis of lung cancer is usually restricted by delayed diagnosis and resistance to anticancer therapies. MicroRNAs, a range of small endogenous noncoding RNAs 22 nucleotides in length, have emerged as one of the most important players in cancer initiation and progression in recent decades. Current evidence reveals pivotal roles of microRNAs in regulating cell proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis in lung cancer. An increasing number of preclinical and clinical studies have also explored the potential of microRNAs as promising biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for lung cancer. The current review summarizes the most recent progress on the functional mechanisms of microRNAs involved in lung cancer development and progression and further discusses the clinical application of miRNAs as putative therapeutic targets for molecular diagnosis and prognostic prediction in lung cancer.
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Xiao T, Zou Z, Xue J, Syed BM, Sun J, Dai X, Shi M, Li J, Wei S, Tang H, Zhang A, Liu Q. LncRNA H19-mediated M2 polarization of macrophages promotes myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis induced by arsenic exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 268:115810. [PMID: 33162208 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a potent toxicant, and long-term exposure to inorganic arsenic causes lung damage. M2 macrophages play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. However, the potential connections between arsenic and M2 macrophages in the development of pulmonary fibrosis are elusive. C57BL/6 mice were fed with drinking water containing 0, 10 and 20 ppm arsenite for 12 months. We have found that, in lung tissues of mice, arsenite, a biologically active form of arsenic, elevated H19, c-Myc, and Arg1; decreased let-7a; and caused pulmonary fibrosis. For THP-1 macrophages (THP-M) and bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), 8 μM arsenite increased H19, c-Myc, and Arg1; decreased let-7a; and induced M2 polarization of macrophages, which caused secretion of the fibrogenic cytokine, TGF-β1. Down-regulation of H19 or up-regulation of let-7a reversed the arsenite-induced M2 polarization of macrophages. Arsenite-treated THP-M and BMDMs co-cultured with MRC-5 cells or primary lung fibroblasts (PLFs) elevated levels of p-SMAD2/3, SMAD4, α-SMA, and collagen I in lung fibroblasts and resulted in the activation of lung fibroblasts. Knockout of H19 or up-regulation of let-7a in macrophages reversed the effects. The results indicated that H19 functioned as an miRNA sponge for let-7a, which was involved in arsenite-induced M2 polarization of macrophages and induced the myofibroblast differentiation phenotype by regulation of c-Myc. In the sera of arseniasis patients, levels of hydroxyproline and H19 were higher, and levels of let-7a were lower than levels in the controls. These observations elucidate a possible mechanism for arsenic exposure-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xiao
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonglan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Xue
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Binafsha Manzoor Syed
- Medical Research Centre, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, Jamshoro, 76090, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Jing Sun
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Dai
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Shi
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Li
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaofeng Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanwen Tang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Center for Global Health, The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Ofoeyeno N, Ekpenyong E, Braconi C. Pathogenetic Role and Clinical Implications of Regulatory RNAs in Biliary Tract Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:E12. [PMID: 33375055 PMCID: PMC7792779 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is characterised by poor prognosis and low overall survival in patients. This is generally due to minimal understanding of its pathogenesis, late diagnosis and limited therapeutics in preventing or treating BTC patients. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) are small RNAs (mRNA) that are not translated to proteins. ncRNAs were considered to be of no importance in the genome, but recent studies have shown they play essential roles in biology and oncology such as transcriptional repression and degradation, thus regulating mRNA transcriptomes. This has led to investigations into the role of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of BTC, and their clinical implications. In this review, the mechanisms of action of ncRNA are discussed and the role of microRNAs in BTC is summarised. The scope of this review will be limited to miRNA as they have been shown to play the most significant roles in BTC progression. There is huge potential in miRNA-based biomarkers and therapeutics in BTC, but more studies, research and technological advancements are required before it can be translated into clinical practice for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nduka Ofoeyeno
- The Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | | | - Chiara Braconi
- The Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
- Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow G12 Y0N, UK
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35
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Zhang S, Gong Y, Li C, Yang W, Li L. Beyond regulations at DNA levels: A review of epigenetic therapeutics targeting cancer stem cells. Cell Prolif 2020; 54:e12963. [PMID: 33314500 PMCID: PMC7848960 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, the paramount role of cancer stem cells (CSCs), in terms of cancer initiation, proliferation, metastasis, invasion and chemoresistance, has been revealed by accumulating studies. However, this level of cellular plasticity cannot be entirely explained by genetic mutations. Research on epigenetic modifications as a complementary explanation for the properties of CSCs has been increasing over the past several years. Notably, therapeutic strategies are currently being developed in an effort to reverse aberrant epigenetic alterations using specific chemical inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of CSCs and their role in cancer progression, and provide an overview of epigenetic alterations seen in CSCs. Importantly, we focus on primary cancer therapies that target the epigenetic modification of CSCs by the use of specific chemical inhibitors, such as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors and microRNA‐based (miRNA‐based) therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanji Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Temporomandibular Joint, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wenbin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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36
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Hussen BM, Ahmadi G, Marzban H, Fard Azar ME, Sorayyayi S, Karampour R, Nahand JS, Hidayat HJ, Moghoofei M. The role of HPV gene expression and selected cellular MiRNAs in lung cancer development. Microb Pathog 2020; 150:104692. [PMID: 33301856 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high mortality rate of lung cancer can be justified that strong need to explore new aspect of tumor biology. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been detected as risk factor for the development of lung cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the role of HPV and cellular/miRNAs genes expression in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and development of lung cancer. METHODS In this case-control study, 109 lung cancer tissue and 52 controls were included. We analyzed the presence of HPV infection, its genotypes (in positive samples) and the expression of viral genes (E2, E6 and E7). Also, We examined the expression of celluar factors including (a) p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) (as anti-carcinogenic genes), (b) EMT related genes, (c) selected miRNAs. RESULTS Our results reported 51.4% and 23.1% of HPV genome in tumor tissues and control tissues samples, respectively. There was a significant association between the HPV positive status and lung cancer (OR = 3.26, 95% C.I = 1.47-7.02, P = 0.001). HPV type 16 was the most prevalent genotype in tissues. The expression of p53, RB, TIMP1, CCNG-1, E-cad and PTPN13 were decreased while MMP-2 and N-cad were increased in HPV-positive tumor/control tissues compared to HPV-negative tissues. Also, among miRNAs, let-7, miR-23, miR-34, miR-125, miR-146 were downregulated and miR-20, miR-424 were upregulated in HPV-positve tissues compared to HPV-negative tissues. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that HPV infection and interaction with cellular genes and miRNAs promote EMT which involved in the lung cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Gelavizh Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Havva Marzban
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Animals, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Saba Sorayyayi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Romina Karampour
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Dong B, Qiu Z, Wu Y. Tackle Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition With Epigenetic Drugs in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:596239. [PMID: 33343366 PMCID: PMC7746977 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.596239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is a de-differentiation process in which epithelial cells lose their epithelial properties to acquire mesenchymal features. EMT is essential for embryogenesis and wound healing but is aberrantly activated in pathological conditions like fibrosis and cancer. Tumor-associated EMT contributes to cancer cell initiation, invasion, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence. This dynamic and reversible event is governed by EMT-transcription factors (EMT-TFs) with epigenetic complexes. In this review, we discuss recent advances regarding the mechanisms that modulate EMT in the context of epigenetic regulation, with emphasis on epigenetic drugs, such as DNA demethylating reagents, inhibitors of histone modifiers and non-coding RNA medication. Therapeutic contributions that improve epigenetic regulation of EMT will translate the clinical manifestation as treating cancer progression more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Dong
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Zhaoping Qiu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yadi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States,*Correspondence: Yadi Wu,
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Pop-Bica C, Pintea S, Magdo L, Cojocneanu R, Gulei D, Ferracin M, Berindan-Neagoe I. The Clinical Utility of miR-21 and let-7 in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:516850. [PMID: 33194579 PMCID: PMC7604406 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.516850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a problem worldwide due to its rapid progression and low rate of response to treatment. The heterogeneity of these tumors observed in histopathology exam but also in the mutational status and gene expression pattern makes this malignancy difficult to treat in clinic. The present study investigated the effect of miR-21 and let-7 family members as prognostic biomarkers in NSCLC patients based on the results published in different studies regarding this subject until March 2019. The analysis revealed that these two transcripts are steady biomarkers for prediction of patient outcome or survival. Upregulated expression of miR-21 is associated with poor outcome of patients with NSCLC [HR = 1.87, 95% CI = (1.41, 2.47), p < 0.001]. The analysis regarding let-7 family, specifically let-7a/b/e/f, revealed that downregulated expression of these transcripts predicts poor outcome for NSCLC patients [HR = 2.61, 95% CI = (1.58, 4.30), p < 0.001]. Besides, the reliability of these microRNAs is reflected in the fact that their prognostic significance is constant given the different sample types (tissue, FFPE tissue, serum, serum/plasma or exosomes) used in the selected studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Pop-Bica
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sebastian Pintea
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lorand Magdo
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Roxana Cojocneanu
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Gulei
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine MedFuture, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Pathology Unit, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricută", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Lightbody RJ, Taylor JMW, Dempsie Y, Graham A. MicroRNA sequences modulating inflammation and lipid accumulation in macrophage “foam” cells: Implications for atherosclerosis. World J Cardiol 2020; 12:303-333. [PMID: 32843934 PMCID: PMC7415235 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v12.i7.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of macrophage “foam” cells, laden with cholesterol and cholesteryl ester, within the intima of large arteries, is a hallmark of early “fatty streak” lesions which can progress to complex, multicellular atheromatous plaques, involving lipoproteins from the bloodstream and cells of the innate and adaptive immune response. Sterol accumulation triggers induction of genes encoding proteins mediating the atheroprotective cholesterol efflux pathway. Within the arterial intima, however, this mechanism is overwhelmed, leading to distinct changes in macrophage phenotype and inflammatory status. Over the last decade marked gains have been made in understanding of the epigenetic landscape which influence macrophage function, and in particular the importance of small non-coding micro-RNA (miRNA) sequences in this context. This review identifies some of the miRNA sequences which play a key role in regulating “foam” cell formation and atherogenesis, highlighting sequences involved in cholesterol accumulation, those influencing inflammation in sterol-loaded cells, and novel sequences and pathways which may offer new strategies to influence macrophage function within atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard James Lightbody
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Janice Marie Walsh Taylor
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Yvonne Dempsie
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Annette Graham
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, United Kingdom
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40
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Sartorius K, Swadling L, An P, Makarova J, Winkler C, Chuturgoon A, Kramvis A. The Multiple Roles of Hepatitis B Virus X Protein (HBx) Dysregulated MicroRNA in Hepatitis B Virus-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HBV-HCC) and Immune Pathways. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070746. [PMID: 32664401 PMCID: PMC7412373 DOI: 10.3390/v12070746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) [HBV-HCC] relies on blunt tools that are unable to offer effective therapy for later stage pathogenesis. The potential of miRNA to treat HBV-HCC offer a more targeted approach to managing this lethal carcinoma; however, the complexity of miRNA as an ancillary regulator of the immune system remains poorly understood. This review examines the overlapping roles of HBx-dysregulated miRNA in HBV-HCC and immune pathways and seeks to demonstrate that specific miRNA response in immune cells is not independent of their expression in hepatocytes. This interplay between the two pathways may provide us with the possibility of using candidate miRNA to manipulate this interaction as a potential therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Sartorius
- Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa;
- UKZN Gastrointestinal Cancer Research Centre, Durban 4041, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E6BT, UK;
| | - Ping An
- Basic Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick Nat. Lab. for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 20878, USA; (P.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Julia Makarova
- National Research University Higher School of Economics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, 10100 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Cheryl Winkler
- Basic Research Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. Frederick Nat. Lab. for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 20878, USA; (P.A.); (C.W.)
| | - Anil Chuturgoon
- Department of Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa;
| | - Anna Kramvis
- Hepatitis Virus Diversity Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa;
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41
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Tripathi SK, Pandey K, Rengasamy KRR, Biswal BK. Recent updates on the resistance mechanisms to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and resistance reversion strategies in lung cancer. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2132-2176. [PMID: 32596830 DOI: 10.1002/med.21700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have led to a substantial improvement in the prognosis of lung cancer patients by explicitly targeting the activating mutations within the EGFR. Initially, patients harboring tumors with EGFR mutations show progression-free survival and improvement in the response rates toward all-generation EGFR-TKIs; however, these agents fail to deliver the intended results in the long-term due to drug resistance. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize specific cardinal mechanisms that regulate the resistance phenomenon. Understanding the intricate mechanisms underlying EGFR-TKIs resistance in lung cancer could provide cognizance for more advanced targeted therapeutics. The present review features insights into current updates on the discrete mechanisms, including secondary or tertiary mutations, parallel and downstream signaling pathways, acquiring an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature, microRNAs (miRNAs), and epigenetic alterations, which lead to intrinsic and acquired resistance against EGFR-TKIs in lung cancer. In addition, this paper also reviews current possible strategies to overcome this issue using combination treatment of recently developed MET inhibitors, allosteric inhibitors or immunotherapies, transformation of EMT, targeting miRNAs, and epigenetic alterations in intrinsic and acquired EGFR-TKIs resistant lung cancer. In conclusion, multiple factors are responsible for intrinsic and acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs and understanding of the detailed molecular mechanisms, and recent advancements in pharmacological studies are needed to develop new strategies to overcome intrinsic and acquired EGFR-TKIs resistance in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya K Tripathi
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Kamal Pandey
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
| | - Kannan R R Rengasamy
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bijesh K Biswal
- Cancer Drug Resistance Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
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42
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Liao ZX, Huang KY, Kempson IM, Li HJ, Tseng SJ, Yang PC. Nanomodified strategies to overcome EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors resistance in non-small cell lung cancer. J Control Release 2020; 324:482-492. [PMID: 32497570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the primary cause of cancer-related death worldwide. 85%-90% of cases are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which characteristically exhibits altered epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling is a major driver pathway. Unfortunately, therapeutic outcomes in treating NSCLC are compromised by the emergence of drug resistance in response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeted therapy due to the acquired resistance mutation EGFR T790M or activation of alternative pathways. There is current need for a new generation of TKIs to be developed to treat EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC. To overcome the above problems and improve clinical efficacy, nanotechnology with targeting abilities and sustained release has been proposed for EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC treatment and has already achieved success in in vitro or in vivo models. In this review, we summarize and illustrate representative nano-formulations targeting EGFR-TKI-resistant NSCLC. The described advances may pave the way to better understanding and design of nanocarriers and multifunctional nanosystems for efficient treatment for drug resistant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xian Liao
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yen Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ivan M Kempson
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Hsin-Jung Li
- Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - S-Ja Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan; National Taiwan University YongLin Scholar, YongLin Institute of Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan.
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan.
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Turdo A, Porcelli G, D’Accardo C, Di Franco S, Verona F, Forte S, Giuffrida D, Memeo L, Todaro M, Stassi G. Metabolic Escape Routes of Cancer Stem Cells and Therapeutic Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1436. [PMID: 32486505 PMCID: PMC7352619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although improvement in early diagnosis and treatment ameliorated life expectancy of cancer patients, metastatic disease still lacks effective therapeutic approaches. Resistance to anticancer therapies stems from the refractoriness of a subpopulation of cancer cells-termed cancer stem cells (CSCs)-which is endowed with tumor initiation and metastasis formation potential. CSCs are heterogeneous and diverge by phenotypic, functional and metabolic perspectives. Intrinsic as well as extrinsic stimuli dictated by the tumor microenvironment (TME)have critical roles in determining cell metabolic reprogramming from glycolytic toward an oxidative phenotype and vice versa, allowing cancer cells to thrive in adverse milieus. Crosstalk between cancer cells and the surrounding microenvironment occurs through the interchange of metabolites, miRNAs and exosomes that drive cancer cells metabolic adaptation. Herein, we identify the metabolic nodes of CSCs and discuss the latest advances in targeting metabolic demands of both CSCs and stromal cells with the scope of improving current therapies and preventing cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (C.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
| | - Caterina D’Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (C.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
| | - Francesco Verona
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
| | - Stefano Forte
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (D.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (D.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Memeo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Mediterranean Institute of Oncology (IOM), 95029 Catania, Italy; (S.F.); (D.G.); (L.M.)
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.T.); (C.D.); (M.T.)
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.P.); (S.D.F.); (F.V.)
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Di Paolo D, Pastorino F, Brignole C, Corrias MV, Emionite L, Cilli M, Tamma R, Priddy L, Amaro A, Ferrari D, Marotta R, Ferretti E, Pfeffer U, Ribatti D, Sementa AR, Brown D, Ikegaki N, Shimada H, Ponzoni M, Perri P. Combined Replenishment of miR-34a and let-7b by Targeted Nanoparticles Inhibits Tumor Growth in Neuroblastoma Preclinical Models. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1906426. [PMID: 32323486 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201906426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) tumor substantially contributes to childhood cancer mortality. The design of novel drugs targeted to specific molecular alterations becomes mandatory, especially for high-risk patients burdened by chemoresistant relapse. The dysregulated expression of MYCN, ALK, and LIN28B and the diminished levels of miR-34a and let-7b are oncogenic in NB. Due to the ability of miRNA-mimics to recover the tumor suppression functions of miRNAs underexpressed into cancer cells, safe and efficient nanocarriers selectively targeted to NB cells and tested in clinically relevant mouse models are developed. The technology exploits the nucleic acids negative charges to build coated-cationic liposomes, then functionalized with antibodies against GD2 receptor. The replenishment of miR-34a and let-7b by NB-targeted nanoparticles, individually and more powerfully in combination, significantly reduces cell division, proliferation, neoangiogenesis, tumor growth and burden, and induces apoptosis in orthotopic xenografts and improves mice survival in pseudometastatic models. These functional effects highlight a cooperative down-modulation of MYCN and its down-stream targets, ALK and LIN28B, exerted by miR-34a and let-7b that reactivate regulatory networks leading to a favorable therapeutic response. These findings demonstrate a promising therapeutic efficacy of miR-34a and let-7b combined replacement and support its clinical application as adjuvant therapy for high-risk NB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Paolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, 16147, Italy
| | - Fabio Pastorino
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, 16147, Italy
| | - Chiara Brignole
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, 16147, Italy
| | - Maria Valeria Corrias
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, 16147, Italy
| | - Laura Emionite
- Animal Facility, IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Michele Cilli
- Animal Facility, IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Leslie Priddy
- Mirna Therapeutics, Inc. 2150 Woodward Street, Suite 100, Austin, TX, 78744, USA
| | - Adriana Amaro
- Tumor Epigenetic Unit, IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Davide Ferrari
- TIB MOLBIOL S.r.l., Advanced Biotechnology Center, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Roberto Marotta
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | - Elisa Ferretti
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, 16147, Italy
| | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- Tumor Epigenetic Unit, IRCSS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, 16132, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Angela Rita Sementa
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, Genoa, 16147, Italy
| | - David Brown
- Mirna Therapeutics, Inc. 2150 Woodward Street, Suite 100, Austin, TX, 78744, USA
| | - Naohiko Ikegaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Mirco Ponzoni
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, Genoa, 16147, Italy
| | - Patrizia Perri
- Laboratory of Experimental Therapies in Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via G. Gaslini 5, Genoa, 16147, Italy
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Li H, Zhao J, Jia X, Zhang Y, Du Y, Li H, Ma L, Huang J. miR-21 promotes growth, invasion and migration of lung cancer cells by AKT/P-AKT/cleaved-caspase 3/MMP-2/MMP-9 signaling pathway. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:692-700. [PMID: 32355517 PMCID: PMC7191137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of miR-21 on the growth, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells A549 in vitro and the possible mechanism. METHODS In vitro cell migration and invasion potential were determined by Transwell chamber assays. FACS was used to assess the effect of miR-21 on A549 cell cycle and apoptosis. 4-6 week-old female mice were utilized to establish a lung cancer model. The pathologic biopsy was processed by H&E staining. The expression of the proteins PTEN, RECK and Caspase 3 were detected through immunohistochemy and tumor cell apoptosis was measured by TUNEL. RESULTS Transwell chamber assays showed that the cells going through the membrane increased significantly compared to the negative control (P<0.05). The tumor volume resulting from miR-21 mimics was significantly greater than in normal mice. Serum ELISA showed that the protein expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in miR-21 overexpression group were increased significantly. In addition, H&E staining results showed that in miR-21 overexpression tissue, invasion is more severe and immunohistochemical results proved that the miR-21 overexpression group had high expression of Caspase 3 protein but the expression of PTEN and RECK were decreased. TUNEL experiments show that increased the expression of miR-21 can inhibit the apoptosis of tumor cells. CONCLUSION MicroRNA-21 promotes the proliferation of lung cancer cells and inhibits the apoptosis of lung cancer cells by the AKT/P-AKT/cleaved-caspase 3/MMP-2/MMP-9 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaomin Jia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yongliang Du
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Huiting Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jian’an Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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46
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Ying J, Yang J, Liu Y. LncARSR promotes non-small-cell lung cancer progression via regulating PTEN/Akt. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:857-866. [PMID: 32269718 PMCID: PMC7137040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
LncRNAs have been suggested to be key modulators in many biological and pathological processes. LncARSR, a recently identified lncRNA, plays crucial roles in the progression of several cancers. However, the role of lncARSR in NSCLC is uninvestigated. In the present study, it was demonstrated that lncARSR expression was higher in NSCLC tissues than in noncancerous tissues. The expression of lncARSR was higher in four NSCLC cell lines than in a normal lung bronchial epithelial line. Further investigation demonstrated that increased lncARSR expression promoted NSCLC cell migration and growth and induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of lncARSR suppressed PTEN expression and induced Akt phosphorylation in A549 cells. The expression level of PTEN was higher in NSCLC samples than in adjacent non-tumor specimens. PTEN expression was negatively correlated with lncARSR in NSCLC specimens. Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpression of lncARSR induced NSCLC cell growth and migration via regulating the PTEN/Akt signaling pathway. These results suggest that lncARSR acts as an oncogene in NSCLC development and could serve as a new potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ying
- Clinical Research Center, Xuyi People’s HospitalXuyi 211700, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Clinical Research Center, Xuyi People’s HospitalXuyi 211700, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingzi Liu
- Department of Occupational Disease, Daqing People’s HospitalDaqing 163316, Heilongjiang, China
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47
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Rupaimoole R, Yoon B, Zhang WC, Adams BD, Slack FJ. A High-Throughput Small Molecule Screen Identifies Ouabain as Synergistic with miR-34a in Killing Lung Cancer Cells. iScience 2020; 23:100878. [PMID: 32062455 PMCID: PMC7031322 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-34 (miR-34) is one of the major families of tumor suppressor miRNAs often lost in cancers. Delivery of miR-34a mimics to affected tumors as a therapeutic strategy has been tried in pre-clinical studies and in a phase I clinical trial. One approach to increase efficacy and reduce toxicity is to rationally identify drug combinations with small molecules that synergize with miR-34a. In this study we performed a high-throughput screen of a large panel of small molecules with known biological activity and identified ouabain as a candidate small molecule that synergized with miR-34a in killing lung cancer cells. We elucidated autophagy activation as a key mechanism by which miR-34a and ouabain causes increased cytotoxicity in cells. We posit that this combinatorial approach could reduce the active dose of miR-34a needed in vivo to observe tumor shrinkage and potentiate the development of miR-34a combination therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesha Rupaimoole
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bohyung Yoon
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wen Cai Zhang
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brian D Adams
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- HMS Initiative for RNA Medicine and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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48
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Naghizadeh S, Mohammadi A, Duijf PHG, Baradaran B, Safarzadeh E, Cho WCS, Mansoori B. The role of miR-34 in cancer drug resistance. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6424-6440. [PMID: 32064620 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to conventional chemotherapy remains a major cause of cancer relapse and cancer-related deaths. Therefore, there is an urgent need to overcome resistance barriers. To improve cancer treatment approaches, it is critical to elucidate the basic mechanisms underlying drug resistance. Increasingly, the mechanisms involving micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are studied because miRNAs are also considered practical therapeutic options due to high degrees of specificity, efficacy, and accuracy, as well as their ability to target multiple genes at the same time. Years of research have firmly established miR-34 as a key tumor suppressor miRNA whose target genes are involved in drug resistance mechanisms. Indeed, numerous articles show that low levels of circulating miR-34 or tumor-specific miR-34 expression are associated with poor response to chemotherapy. In addition, elevation of inherently low miR-34 levels in resistant cancer cells effectively restores sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we review this literature, also highlighting some contradictory observations. In addition, we discuss the potential utility of miR-34 expression as a predictive biomarker for chemotherapeutic drug response. Although caution needs to be exercised, miR-34 is emerging as a biomarker that could improve cancer precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Naghizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammadi
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elham Safarzadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | | | - Behzad Mansoori
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Cancer and Inflammation Research, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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49
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Chen JL, Han HN, Lv XD, Ma H, Wu JN, Chen JR. Clinical value of exhaled breath condensate let-7 in non-small cell lung cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2020; 13:163-171. [PMID: 32211096 PMCID: PMC7061795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common causes of tumor-associated mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis is the key focus for improving prognosis. In the present study, the association between exhaled breath condensate (EBC) let-7 and NSCLC diagnosis and clinicopathologic characteristics was investigated in order to explore non-invasive simple technological therapeutic methods. The expression levels of let-7 from 180 samples were analyzed using the reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), consisting of 30 patients with NSCLC (lung cancer and para-carcinoma tissues, serum and EBC) and 30 healthy volunteers (serum and EBC). The results revealed that the let-7 levels in tumor tissues, serum, and EBC in NSCLC were significantly decreased compared with the control group (all, P<0.001). The let-7 expression in lung cancer tissue, serum, and EBC in NSCLC decreased alongside the progression of disease (tumor-node-metastasis stage and lymph node metastasis; all P<0.05). No significant association between let-7 expression and other clinicopathologic characteristics (age, sex, smoking status and histopathologic classification) was identified. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to present data and the area under the curve (AUC) of lung cancer tissue let-7 was 0.894, and the specificity and sensitivity were 90% and 93.3%, respectively. The AUC of serum let-7 in NSCLC diagnosis was 0.771, and the specificity and sensitivity were 86.7% and 60%, respectively. The AUC of let-7 in EBC was 0.750, and the specificity and sensitivity were 76.7% and 66.7%, respectively. In addition, the let-7 expression in EBC was positively correlated with that in lung cancer tissue (r=0.6048, P<0.001) and positively correlated with that in serum (r=0.6454, P<0.001). Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that detection of let-7 was feasible in EBC and with the advantages associated with EBC, and let-7 in EBC may be a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and evaluation of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Liang Chen
- Department of Respiraology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Hui-Na Han
- Department of Respiraology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Xue-Dong Lv
- Department of Respiraology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Hang Ma
- Department of Respiraology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Jin-Nan Wu
- Department of Respiraology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong, China
| | - Jian-Rong Chen
- Department of Respiraology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Nantong, China
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50
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Rutkowska A, Stoczyńska-Fidelus E, Janik K, Włodarczyk A, Rieske P. EGFR vIII: An Oncogene with Ambiguous Role. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:1092587. [PMID: 32089685 PMCID: PMC7024087 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1092587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) seems to constitute the perfect therapeutic target for glioblastoma (GB), as it is specifically present on up to 28-30% of GB cells. In case of other tumor types, expression and possible role of this oncogene still remain controversial. In spite of EGFRvIII mechanism of action being crucial for the design of small active anticancer molecules and immunotherapies, i.e., CAR-T technology, it is yet to be precisely defined. EGFRvIII is known to be resistant to degradation, but it is still unclear whether it heterodimerizes with EGF-activated wild-type EGFR (EGFRWT) or homodimerizes (including covalent homodimerization). Constitutive kinase activity of this mutated receptor is relatively low, and some researchers even claim that a nuclear, but not a membrane function, is crucial for its activity. Based on the analyses of recurrent tumors that are often lacking EGFRvIII expression despite its initial presence in corresponding primary foci, this oncogene is suggested to play a marginal role during later stages of carcinogenesis, while even in primary tumors EGFRvIII expression is detected only in a small percentage of tumor cells, undermining the rationality of EGFRvIII-targeting therapies. On the other hand, EGFRvIII-positive cells are resistant to apoptosis, more invasive, and characterized with enhanced proliferation rate. Moreover, expression of this oncogenic receptor was also postulated to be a marker of cancer stem cells. Opinions regarding the role that EGFRvIII plays in tumorigenesis and for tumor aggressiveness are clearly contradictory and, therefore, it is crucial not only to determine its mechanism of action, but also to unambiguously define its role at early and advanced cancer stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Rutkowska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Stoczyńska-Fidelus
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Personather Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Janik
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Włodarczyk
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Rieske
- Department of Tumor Biology, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Celther Polska Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Research and Development, Personather Ltd., Milionowa 23, 93-193 Lodz, Poland
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