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Jin C, Yan K, Wang M, Song W, Wang B, Men Y, Niu J, He Y, Zhang Q, Qi J. Dissecting the dynamic cellular transcriptional atlas of adult teleost testis development throughout the annual reproductive cycle. Development 2024; 151:dev202296. [PMID: 38477640 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Teleost testis development during the annual cycle involves dramatic changes in cellular compositions and molecular events. In this study, the testicular cells derived from adult black rockfish at distinct stages - regressed, regenerating and differentiating - were meticulously dissected via single-cell transcriptome sequencing. A continuous developmental trajectory of spermatogenic cells, from spermatogonia to spermatids, was delineated, elucidating the molecular events involved in spermatogenesis. Subsequently, the dynamic regulation of gene expression associated with spermatogonia proliferation and differentiation was observed across spermatogonia subgroups and developmental stages. A bioenergetic transition from glycolysis to mitochondrial respiration of spermatogonia during the annual developmental cycle was demonstrated, and a deeper level of heterogeneity and molecular characteristics was revealed by re-clustering analysis. Additionally, the developmental trajectory of Sertoli cells was delineated, alongside the divergence of Leydig cells and macrophages. Moreover, the interaction network between testicular micro-environment somatic cells and spermatogenic cells was established. Overall, our study provides detailed information on both germ and somatic cells within teleost testes during the annual reproductive cycle, which lays the foundation for spermatogenesis regulation and germplasm preservation of endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Jin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Kai Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Mengya Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Weihao Song
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Bo Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Yu Men
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Jingjing Niu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Quanqi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
| | - Jie Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266000, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 572000, China
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Sun X, Yang Y, Zhao W, Wang M, Chen Y, Wang J, Yang D, Yang Y. MTMR7 suppresses the phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cell and vascular intimal hyperplasia after injury via regulating p62/mTORC1-mediated glucose metabolism. Atherosclerosis 2024; 390:117470. [PMID: 38342025 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Myotubularin-related protein 7 (MTMR7) suppresses proliferation in various cell types and is associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, whether MTMR7 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) and vascular intimal hyperplasia remains unclear. We explored the role of MTMR7 in phenotypic switching of VSMC and vascular intimal hyperplasia after injury. METHODS AND RESULTS MTMR7 expression was significantly downregulated in injured arteries. Compared to wild type (WT) mice, Mtmr7-transgenic (Mtmr7-Tg) mice showed reduced intima/media ratio, decreased percentage of Ki-67-positive cells within neointima, and increased Calponin expression in injured artery. In vitro, upregulating MTMR7 by Len-Mtmr7 transfection inhibited platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced proliferation, migration of VSMC and reversed PDGF-BB-induced decrease in expression of Calponin and SM-MHC. Microarray, single cell sequence, and other bioinformatics analysis revealed that MTMR7 is highly related to glucose metabolism and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Further experiments confirmed that MTMR7 markedly repressed glycolysis and mTORC1 activity in PDGF-BB-challenged VSMC in vitro. Restoring mTORC1 activity abolished MTMR7-mediated suppression of glycolysis, phenotypic shift in VSMC in vitro and protection against vascular intimal hyperplasia in vivo. Furthermore, upregulating MTMR7 in vitro led to dephosphorylation and dissociation of p62 from mTORC1 in VSMC. External expression of p62 in vitro also abrogated the inhibitory effects of MTMR7 on glycolysis and phenotypic switching in PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMC. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that MTMR7 inhibits injury-induced vascular intimal hyperplasia and phenotypic switching of VSMC. Mechanistically, the beneficial effects of MTMR7 are conducted via suppressing p62/mTORC1-mediated glycolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongshan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Yang
- From the Department of Pharmacy, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingliang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yingmei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dachun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yongjian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Meng Z, Qiao Y, Xue J, Wu T, Gao W, Huang X, Lv J, Liu M, Shen C. Slc26a1 is not essential for spermatogenesis and male fertility in mice. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16558. [PMID: 38111663 PMCID: PMC10726749 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thousands of genes are expressed in the testis of mice. However, the details about their roles during spermatogenesis have not been well-clarified for most genes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Slc26a1 deficiency on mouse spermatogenesis and male fertility. Slc26a1-knockout (KO) mice were generated using CRISPR/Cas9 technology on C57BL/6J background. We found no obvious differences between Slc26a1-KO and Slc26a1-WT mice in fertility tests, testicular weight, sperm concentrations, or morphology. Histological analysis found that Slc26a1-KO mouse testes had normal germ cell types and mature sperm. These findings indicated that Slc26a1 was dispensable for male fertility in mice. Our results may save time and resources by allowing other researchers to focus on genes that are more meaningful for fertility studies. We also found that mRNAs of two Slc26a family members (Slc26a5 and Slc26a11) were expressed on higher mean levels in Slc26a1-KO total mouse testes, compared to Slc26a1-WT mice. This effect was not found in mouse GC-1 and GC-2 germ cell lines with the Slc26a1 gene transiently knocked down. This result may indicate that a gene compensation phenomenon was present in the testes of Slc26a1-KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Meng
- Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Center for Reproduction, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- The Affiliated Huai’an No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Center for Reproduction, Huai’an, Jiang Su, China
| | - Jiajia Xue
- Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Center for Reproduction, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxin Gao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinxing Lv
- Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Center for Reproduction, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Offspring Health, The Affiliated Taizhou People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong Shen
- The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Chen-Xi G, Jin-Fu X, An-Quan H, Xiao Y, Ying-Hui W, Suo-Yuan L, Cong S, Tian-Ming Z, Jun S. Long non-coding RNA PRR7-AS1 promotes osteosarcoma progression via binding RNF2 to transcriptionally suppress MTUS1. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1227789. [PMID: 38033505 PMCID: PMC10687407 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1227789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteosarcoma is a common bone malignant tumor in adolescents with high mortality and poor prognosis. At present, the progress of osteosarcoma and effective treatment strategies are not clear. This study provides a new potential target for the progression and treatment of osteosarcoma. Methods The relationship between lncRNA PRR7-AS1 and osteosarcoma was analyzed using the osteosarcoma databases and clinical sample testing. Cell function assays and tumor lung metastasis were employed to study the effects of PRR7-AS1 on tumorigenesis in vivo and in vitro. Potential downstream RNF2 of PRR7-AS1 was identified and explored using RNA pulldown and RIP. The GTRD and KnockTF database were used to predict the downstream target gene, MTUS1, and ChIP-qPCR experiments were used to verify the working mechanismy. Rescue experiments were utilized to confirm the role of MTUS1 in the pathway. Results Deep mining of osteosarcoma databases combined with clinical sample testing revealed a positive correlation between lncRNA PRR7-AS1 and osteosarcoma progression. Knockdown of PRR7-AS1 inhibited osteosarcoma cell proliferation and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, RNA pulldown and RIP revealed that PRR7-AS1 may bind RNF2 to play a cancer-promoting role. ChIP-qPCR experiments were utilized to validate the working mechanism of the downstream target gene MTUS1. RNF2 inhibited the transcription of MTUS1 through histone H2A lysine 119 monoubiquitin. Rescue experiments confirmed MTUS1 as a downstream direct target of PRR7-AS1 and RNF2. Discussion We identified lncRNA PRR7-AS1 as an important oncogene in osteosarcoma progression, indicating that it may be a potential target for diagnosis and prognosis of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gu Chen-Xi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xu Jin-Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huang An-Quan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wu Ying-Hui
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Suo-Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shen Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zou Tian-Ming
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shen Jun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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Derkaczew M, Martyniuk P, Hofman R, Rutkowski K, Osowski A, Wojtkiewicz J. The Genetic Background of Abnormalities in Metabolic Pathways of Phosphoinositides and Their Linkage with the Myotubular Myopathies, Neurodegenerative Disorders, and Carcinogenesis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1550. [PMID: 37892232 PMCID: PMC10605126 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Myo-inositol belongs to one of the sugar alcohol groups known as cyclitols. Phosphatidylinositols are one of the derivatives of Myo-inositol, and constitute important mediators in many intracellular processes such as cell growth, cell differentiation, receptor recycling, cytoskeletal organization, and membrane fusion. They also have even more functions that are essential for cell survival. Mutations in genes encoding phosphatidylinositols and their derivatives can lead to many disorders. This review aims to perform an in-depth analysis of these connections. Many authors emphasize the significant influence of phosphatidylinositols and phosphatidylinositols' phosphates in the pathogenesis of myotubular myopathies, neurodegenerative disorders, carcinogenesis, and other less frequently observed diseases. In our review, we have focused on three of the most often mentioned groups of disorders. Inositols are the topic of many studies, and yet, there are no clear results of successful clinical trials. Analysis of the available literature gives promising results and shows that further research is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Derkaczew
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Students’ Scientific Club of Pathophysiologists, Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Piotr Martyniuk
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Students’ Scientific Club of Pathophysiologists, Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert Hofman
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- Students’ Scientific Club of Pathophysiologists, Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Rutkowski
- Students’ Scientific Club of Pathophysiologists, Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
- The Nicolaus Copernicus Municipal Polyclinical Hospital in Olsztyn, 10-045 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Adam Osowski
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Wojtkiewicz
- Department of Human Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
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Chen C, Tang X, Yan S, Yang A, Xiang J, Deng Y, Yin Y, Chen B, Gu J. Comprehensive Analysis of the Transcriptome-Wide m 6A Methylome in Shaziling Pig Testicular Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14475. [PMID: 37833923 PMCID: PMC10572705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is one of the principal post-transcriptional modifications and plays a dynamic role in testicular development and spermatogenesis. However, the role of m6A in porcine testis is understudied. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the m6A transcriptome-wide profile in Shaziling pig testes at birth, puberty, and maturity. We analyzed the total transcriptome m6A profile and found that the m6A patterns were highly distinct in terms of the modification of the transcriptomes during porcine testis development. We found that key m6A methylated genes (AURKC, OVOL, SOX8, ACVR2A, and SPATA46) were highly enriched during spermatogenesis and identified in spermatogenesis-related KEGG pathways, including Wnt, cAMP, mTOR, AMPK, PI3K-Akt, and spliceosome. Our findings indicated that m6A methylations are involved in the complex yet well-organized post-transcriptional regulation of porcine testicular development and spermatogenesis. We found that the m6A eraser ALKBH5 negatively regulated the proliferation of immature porcine Sertoli cells. Furthermore, we proposed a novel mechanism of m6A modification during testicular development: ALKBH5 regulated the RNA methylation level and gene expression of SOX9 mRNA. In addition to serving as a potential target for improving boar reproduction, our findings contributed to the further understanding of the regulation of m6A modifications in male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.C.); (X.T.); (S.Y.); (A.Y.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiangwei Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.C.); (X.T.); (S.Y.); (A.Y.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Saina Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.C.); (X.T.); (S.Y.); (A.Y.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Anqi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.C.); (X.T.); (S.Y.); (A.Y.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiaojiao Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.C.); (X.T.); (S.Y.); (A.Y.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanhong Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.C.); (X.T.); (S.Y.); (A.Y.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.C.); (X.T.); (S.Y.); (A.Y.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.C.); (X.T.); (S.Y.); (A.Y.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jingjing Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China; (C.C.); (X.T.); (S.Y.); (A.Y.); (J.X.); (Y.D.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Genetic Improvement of Domestic Animal, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Liu Y, Xu R, Xu J, Wu T, Zhang X. BAG3 regulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation by targeting INTS7. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15828. [PMID: 37576499 PMCID: PMC10422954 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BAG3 is an essential regulator of cell survival and has been investigated in the context of heart disease and cancer. Our previous study used immunoprecipitation-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to show that BAG3 might directly interact with INTS7 and regulate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSCs) proliferation. However, whether BAG3 bound INTS7 directly and how it regulated BMMSCs expansion was unclear. Methods BAG3 expression was detected by quantitative real-time PCR in BMMSCs after siRNA-mediated BAG3 knockdown. BMMSC proliferation was determined using the CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The transwell migration, flow cytometry and TUNEL assays were performed to measure BMMSC migration, cell cycle and apoptosis, respectively. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation, protein half-life assay and western blotting analyses were used to determine the regulatory mechanism underlying the BAG3-mediated increase in BMMSC proliferation. Results The results showed that knocking down BAG3 in BMMSCs markedly decreased their proliferative activity, colony formation and migratory capacity, and induced cell apoptosis as well as cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, overexpression of BAG3 had the opposite effect. Bioinformatics and BAG3-INTS7 co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that BAG3 directly interacted with INTS7. Moreover, the downregulation of BAG3 inhibited the expression of INTS7 and promoted its ubiquitination. We also observed that BAG3 knockdown increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and the extent of DNA damage in BMMSCs. Notably, the upregulation of INTS7 or the addition of an antioxidant scavenger could rescue the BMMSC phenotype induced by BAG3 downregulation. Conclusions BAG3 directly interacts with INTS7 and promotes BMMSC expansion by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Renjie Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Xue J, Wu T, Huang C, Shu M, Shen C, Zheng B, Lv J. Identification of proline-rich protein 11 as a major regulator in mouse spermatogonia maintenance via an increase in BMI1 protein stability. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9555-9564. [PMID: 35980531 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatogenesis accompanied by self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonia under complicated regulation is crucial for male fertility. Our previous study demonstrated that the loss of the B-lymphoma Mo-MLV insertion region 1 (BMI1) could cause male infertility and found a potential interaction between BMI1 and proline-rich protein 11 (PRR11); however, the specific co-regulatory effects of BMI1/PRR11 on spermatogonia maintenance remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS The expression of PRR11 was downregulated in a mouse spermatogonia cell line (GC-1) via transfection with PRR11-siRNAs, and PRR11 knockdown was verified by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The proliferative activity of GC-1 cells was determined using the cell counting kit (CCK-8), colony formation, and 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay. A Transwell assay was performed to evaluate the effects of PRR11 on GC-1 cell migration. A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay was used to measure GC-1 cell apoptosis. Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation, RT-qPCR, and western blot analyses were used for investigating the regulatory mechanisms involved in this regulation. It was found that downregulation of PRR11 could cause a marked inhibition of proliferation and migration and induced apoptosis in GC-1 cells. Moreover, silencing of PRR11 obviously led to a reduction in the BMI1 protein level. PRR11 was found to interact with BMII at the endogenous protein level. PRR11 knockdown produced a decrease in BMI1 protein stability via an increase in BMI1 ubiquitination after which derepression in the transcription of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type M (Ptprm) occurred. Importantly, knockdown of Ptprm in PRR11-deficient GC-1 cells led to a reversal of proliferation and migration of GC-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovered a novel mechanism by which PRR11 cooperated with BMI1 to facilitate GC-1 maintenance through targeting Ptprm. Our findings may provide a better understanding of the regulatory network in spermatogonia maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Xue
- Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), Suzhou, 215124, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Minghua Shu
- Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), Suzhou, 215124, China
| | - Cong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, 215002, China.
| | - Jinxing Lv
- Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), Suzhou, 215124, China.
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miR-100-5p Promotes Epidermal Stem Cell Proliferation through Targeting MTMR3 to Activate PIP3/AKT and ERK Signaling Pathways. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:1474273. [PMID: 36045954 PMCID: PMC9421352 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1474273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) play a critical role in wound healing and are ideal seed cells for skin tissue engineering. Exosomes from human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-Exos) promote human EpSC proliferation, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of miR-100-5p, one of the most abundant miRNAs in ADSC-Exos, on the proliferation of human EpSCs and explored the mechanisms involved. MTT and BrdU incorporation assays showed that miR-100-5p mimic transfection promoted EpSC proliferation in a time-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis showed that miR-100-5p mimic transfection significantly decreased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase and increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase. Myotubularin-related protein 3 (MTMR3), a lipid phosphatase, was identified as a direct target of miR-100-5p. Knockdown of MTMR3 in EpSCs by RNA interference significantly enhanced cell proliferation, decreased the percentage of cells in the G1 phase and increased the percentage of cells in the S phase. Overexpression of MTMR3 reversed the proproliferative effect of miR-100-5p on EpSCs, indicating that miR-100-5p promoted EpSC proliferation by downregulating MTMR3. Mechanistic studies showed that transfection of EpSCs with miR-100-5p mimics elevated the intracellular PIP3 level, induced AKT and ERK phosphorylation, and upregulated cyclin D1, E1, and A2 expression, which could be attenuated by MTMR3 overexpression. Consistently, intradermal injection of ADSC-Exos or miR-100-5p-enriched ADSC-Exos into cultured human skin tissues significantly reduced MTMR3 expression and increased the thickness of the epidermis and the number of EpSCs in the basal layer of the epidermis. The aforementioned effect of miR-100-5p-enriched ADSC-Exos was stronger than that of ADSC-Exos and was reversed by MTMR3 overexpression. Collectively, our findings indicate that miR-100-5p promotes EpSC proliferation through MTMR3-mediated elevation of PIP3 and activation of AKT and ERK. miR-100-5p-enriched ADSC-Exos can be used to treat skin wound and expand EpSCs for generating epidermal autografts and engineered skin equivalents.
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10
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Li S, Lu Y, Xu Y, Zhang C, Liu B, Qin A, Qiao Z, Shen C, Shen J, Liang Y, Wu J, Jiang X. Brachyury promotes proliferation and migration of hepatocellular carcinoma via facilitating the transcription of NCAPG2. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3625-3643. [PMID: 36119840 PMCID: PMC9442014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a poor prognosis because of its limited drug responses in clinical trials. Therefore, it is crucial to clarify the molecular mechanisms of HCC progression to identify new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. Here, we report that brachyury, which regulates the gene encoding the non-SMC condensin II complex subunit G2 (NCAPG2), promotes tumorigenesis in HCC. Knockdown of brachyury led to inhibition of cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing data indicated that the oncogene NCAPG2 is a direct target of brachyury. Furthermore, NCAPG2 knockdown inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC cells and attenuated brachyury-induced tumorigenesis. Overexpression and decreased DNA methylation of NCAPG2 were associated with a poor prognosis, and NCAPG2 was positively correlated with various immune cell infiltrates, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune checkpoint molecule expression levels in the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, the effectiveness of immune checkpoint blockade was decreased in the high NCAPG2 expression group. Together, these findings demonstrated a coregulatory effect of the brachyury/NCAPG2 axis during HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, China
| | - Yijie Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, China
| | - Yaopeng Xu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, China
| | - Biren Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, China
| | - Ancheng Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, China
| | - Zhiming Qiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, China
| | - Cong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Orthopeadic Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, China
| | - Yuting Liang
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006, China
| | - Jianwu Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, China
| | - Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215002, China
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11
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Chen X, Zheng Y, Han Y, He H, Lv J, Yu J, Li H, Hou S, Shen C, Zheng B. SAT2 regulates Sertoli cell-germline interactions via STIM1-mediated ROS/WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1704-1713. [PMID: 35819096 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As the main component of seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cells are in close contact with germ cells and generate niche signals, which exhibit pivotal functions in spermatogenesis and male fertility. However, the regulatory mechanisms of Sertoli cell-germline interactions (SGIs) in the testes of neonatal mice (NM) remain largely unclear. Previously, we identified spermidine/spermine N1-acetyl transferase 2 (SAT2) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) to be potential regulators of testicular cord formation via comparative proteomics analysis. Here, we demonstrated a novel role of SAT2 for SGIs during testicular development in NM. Testicular explants lacking SAT2 affected the mislocation, but not the quantity, of Sertoli cells, which led to maintenance defects in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Interestingly, SAT2 was essential for the migration of TM4 cells, a Sertoli cell line. Mechanistically, SAT2 was able to bind STIM1, repress its expression, and regulate homeostasis of a reactive oxygen species/wingless type (WNT)/β-catenin pathway in NM testes. Collectively, our study identified that SAT2 was able to regulate SGIs via a STIM1-mediated WNT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanli Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jinxing Lv
- Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shunyu Hou
- Department of Gynaecology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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12
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Syntaxin binding protein 2 in sertoli cells regulates spermatogonial stem cell maintenance through directly interacting with connexin 43 in the testes of neonatal mice. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7557-7566. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Xu W, Wang J, Xu J, Li S, Zhang R, Shen C, Xie M, Zheng B, Gu M. Long non-coding RNA DEPDC1-AS1 promotes proliferation and migration of human gastric cancer cells HGC-27 via the human antigen R-F11R pathway. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221093135. [PMID: 35466755 PMCID: PMC9044790 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221093135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Long non-coding (lnc) RNAs are critical regulators in carcinogenesis. The
novel lncRNA DEPDC1 antisense RNA 1 (DEPDC1-AS1) was
recently associated with poor prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer and
lung adenocarcinoma. However, its role in regulating the malignant
progression of gastric cancer (GC) and its molecular mechanism are unclear.
We herein explored the functions of DEPDC1-AS1 in GC
progression. Methods DEPDC1-AS1 expression and prognosis in GC tissues were
examined by bioinformatics analysis and quantitative reverse transcription
polymerase chain reaction. The DEPDC1-AS1 function in GC
cells was explored by the cell counting kit-8 assay, colony formation assay,
Transwell assay, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP
nick-end labeling, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine-incorporation, and the
xenograft tumor model. The DEPDC1-AS1 and human antigen
(Hu)R interaction was determined by RNA pull-down and RNA
immunoprecipitation. Results DEPDC1-AS1 was overexpressed in GC tissues and cell lines,
and associated with a worse prognosis in GC patients. In
vitro and in vivo assays showed that
DEPDC1-AS1 promoted HGC-27 cell proliferation and
migration. Mechanistically, DEPDC1-AS1 served as a scaffold
by combining with HuR to target the specific mRNA F11R. Conclusion DEPDC1-AS1 plays a crucial role in GC development and
progression and is a potential biomarker for the early detection or
prognosis of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Jinfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shenyi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214062, China
| | - Cong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Min Xie
- The Central Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo 315012, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
| | - Menghui Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215002, China
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14
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Geng M, Zhao F, Lu H, Fang L, Wang J, Liu C, Min W. Insights into the hippocampus proteome and phosphorylation modification alterations in C57BL/6 revealed the memory improvement mechanisms of a walnut-derived peptide. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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15
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The plasminogen receptor directs maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells by targeting BMI1. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4469-4478. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07289-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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16
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Shen C, Xu J, Zhou Q, Lin M, Lv J, Zhang X, Wu Y, Chen X, Yu J, Huang X, Zheng B. E3 ubiquitin ligase ASB17 is required for spermiation in mice. Transl Androl Urol 2022; 10:4320-4332. [PMID: 35070814 PMCID: PMC8749070 DOI: 10.21037/tau-21-789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A major goal of spermiation is to degrade the apical ectoplasmic specialization (ES) junction between Sertoli cells and elongating spermatids in preparation for the eventual disengagement of spermatids into the lumen. E3 ubiquitin ligases mediate the process of ubiquitination and the subsequent proteasomal degradation, but their specific role during spermiation remains largely unexplored. Methods Ankyrin repeat and SOCS box protein 17 (Asb17)-knockout mice were generated via a CRISPR/Cas9 approach. Epididymal sperm parameters were assessed by a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system, and morphological analysis of testicular tissues were performed based on histological and immunostaining staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The interactions between ASB17 and Espin (ESPN) were predicted by HawkDock server and validated through protein pull-down and immunoprecipitation assays. Results We report that ASB17, an E3 ligase, is required for the completion of spermiation and that mice lacking Asb17 are oligozoospermic owing to spermiation failure. ASB17-deficient mice are fertile; however, spermatids exhibit a disorganized ES junction, resulting in retention within the seminiferous epithelium. Mechanistically, ASB17 deficiency leads to excess accumulation of ESPN, an actin-binding essential structural component of the ES. We determined that ASB17 regulates the removal of the ES through ubiquitin mediated protein degradation of ESPN. Conclusions In summary, our study describes a role for ASB17 in the regulation of cell-cell junctions between germ cells and somatic cells in the testis. These findings establish a novel mechanism for the regulatory role of E3 ligases during spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jinfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Reproduction, The affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital with Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinxing Lv
- Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), Suzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People's Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
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17
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Liu Y, Yu X, Huang A, Zhang X, Wang Y, Geng W, Xu R, Li S, He H, Zheng B, Chen G, Xu Y. INTS7-ABCD3 Interaction Stimulates the Proliferation and Osteoblastic Differentiation of Mouse Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Suppressing Oxidative Stress. Front Physiol 2021; 12:758607. [PMID: 34880777 PMCID: PMC8647813 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.758607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased adipocyte and decreased osteoblast differentiation, combined with the ectopic proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), represent the primary causes of osteoporosis. The dysregulation of numerous intracellular bioactive factors is responsible for the aberrant differentiation and growth of BM-MSCs. In this study, we focused on a new stimulative factor, integrator complex subunit 7 (INTS7), and its cooperative protein ATP-binding cassette subfamily D member 3 (ABCD3)/high-density lipoprotein-binding protein (HDLBP) in mouse BM-MSCs. We aimed to uncover the effects of the INTS7–ABCD3/HDLBP interaction on BM-MSC biological behaviors and the potential mechanism underlying these effects. Functional in vitro experiments showed that the suppression of the INTS7–ABCD3 interaction rather than HDLBP could impair BM-MSC proliferation and induce cell apoptosis. Moreover, Alizarin Red S and Oil Red O staining, respectively, revealed that INTS7 and ABCD3 knockdown but not HDLBP knockdown could decrease osteoblastic differentiation and accelerate the adipogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs. Mechanistically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and histone γ-H2AX quantities significantly increased, whereas the levels of antioxidants declined due to INTS7 and ABCD3 inhibition in BM-MSCs. These findings indicated that the suppression of oxidative stress could be involved in the INTS7/ABCD3 co-regulatory mechanisms for BM-MSC proliferation and differentiation, identifying new potential candidates for osteoporosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Anquan Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiangxin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Renjie Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Suoyuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangxiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yaozeng Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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18
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Yu J, Wu Y, Li H, Zhou H, Shen C, Gao T, Lin M, Dai X, Ou J, Liu M, Huang X, Zheng B, Sun F. BMI1 Drives Steroidogenesis Through Epigenetically Repressing the p38 MAPK Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:665089. [PMID: 33928089 PMCID: PMC8076678 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.665089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Testosterone biosynthesis progressively decreases in aging males primarily as a result of functional changes to Leydig cells. Despite this, the mechanisms underlying steroidogenesis remain largely unclear. Using gene knock-out approaches, we and others have recently identified Bmi1 as an anti-aging gene. Herein, we investigate the role of BMI1 in steroidogenesis using mouse MLTC-1 and primary Leydig cells. We show that BMI1 can positively regulate testosterone production. Mechanistically, in addition to its known role in antioxidant activity, we also report that p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is activated, and testosterone levels reduced, in BMI1-deficient cells; however, the silencing of the p38 MAPK pathway restores testosterone production. Furthermore, we reveal that BMI1 directly binds to the promoter region of Map3k3, an upstream activator of p38, thereby modulating its chromatin status and repressing its expression. Consequently, this results in the inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway and the promotion of steroidogenesis. Our study uncovered a novel epigenetic mechanism in steroidogenesis involving BMI1-mediated gene silencing and provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yibo Wu
- Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Human Reproductive and Genetic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Tingting Gao
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Meng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuliang Dai
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jian Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meiling Liu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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19
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Lin M, Lv J, Zhao D, Liu S, Xu J, Wu Y, Wang F, Zhang J, Zheng B, Shen C, Guan X, Yu J, Huang X. MRNIP is essential for meiotic progression and spermatogenesis in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 550:127-133. [PMID: 33689881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic homologous recombination (HR) initiates with the programmed generation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which result in the exchange of genetic information and genome diversity. This process requires the tight cooperation of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex to promote DSB formation and DNA end resection. However, the mechanism regulating MRN complex remains to be explored. In the present study, we report that MRN-interacting protein, MRNIP, is a novel factor for HR and is crucial for the expression of the MRN complex and loading of recombinases DMC1/RAD51. Knockout of Mrnip in mice led to aberrant synapsis, impaired HR, and male subfertility. In conclusion, MRNIP is a novel HR factor that probably promotes meiotic progression through the MRN complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinxing Lv
- Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital (Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University), Suzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuxin Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xie Guan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health (Chongqing Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute), Chongqing, China.
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Wu Y, Wang T, Zhao Z, Liu S, Shen C, Li H, Liu M, Zheng B, Yu J, Huang X. Retinoic Acid Induced Protein 14 ( Rai14) is dispensable for mouse spermatogenesis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10847. [PMID: 33643708 PMCID: PMC7899019 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoic Acid Induced Protein 14 (Rai14) is an evolutionarily conserved gene that is highly expressed in the testis. Previous experiments have reported that small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene knockdown (KD) of Rai14 in rat testis disrupted spermatid polarity and transport. Of note, a gene knockout (KO) model is considered the "gold standard" for in vivo assessment of crucial gene functions. Herein, we used CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing to investigate the in vivo role of Rai14 in mouse testis. METHODS Sperm concentration and motility were assayed using a computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. Histological and immunofluorescence (IF) staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to visualize the effects of Rai14 KO in the testes and epididymides. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) was used to determine apoptotic cells. Gene transcript levels were calculated by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS Rai14 KO in mice depicted normal fertility and complete spermatogenesis, which is in sharp contrast with the results reported previously in a Rai14 KD rat model. Sperm parameters and cellular apoptosis did not appear to differ between wild-type (WT) and KO group. Mechanistically, in contrast to the well-known role of Rai14 in modulating the dynamics of F-actin at the ectoplasmic specialization (ES) junction in the testis, morphological changes of ES junction exhibited no differences between Rai14 KO and WT testes. Moreover, the F-actin surrounded at the ES junction was also comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSION In summary, our study demonstrates that Rai14 is dispensable for mouse spermatogenesis and fertility. Although the results of this study were negative, the phenotypic information obtained herein provide an enhanced understanding of the role of Rai14 in the testis, and researchers may refer to these results to avoid conducting redundant experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zigao Zhao
- Yunnan Institute of Population and Family Planning Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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21
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Abstract
Meiosis is a highly conserved process, and is responsible for the production of haploid gametes and generation of genetic diversity. We previously identified the transferrin receptor (TFRC) in the proteome profile of mice neonatal testes, indicating the involvement of the TFRC in meiosis. However, the exact molecular role of the TFRC in meiosis remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the function of the TFRC in neonatal testicular development by TFRC knockdown using the testis culture platform. Our results showed high TFRC expression in 2-week testes, corresponding to the first meiotic division. Targeting TFRC using morpholino oligonucleotides resulted in clear spermatocyte apoptosis. In addition, we used the chromosomal spread technique to show that a deficiency of TFRC caused the accumulation of leptotene and zygotene spermatocytes, and a decrease of pachytene spermatocytes, indicating early meiotic arrest. Moreover, the chromosomes of TFRC-deficient pachytene spermatocytes displayed sustained γH2AX association, as well as SYCP1/SYCP3 dissociation beyond the sex body. Therefore, our results demonstrated that the TFRC is essential for the progression of spermatocyte meiosis, particularly for DNA double-stranded break repair and chromosomal synapsis.
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Gao T, Lin M, Shao B, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Chen X, Zhao D, Dai X, Shen C, Cheng H, Yang S, Li H, Zheng B, Zhong X, Yu J, Chen L, Huang X. BMI1 promotes steroidogenesis through maintaining redox homeostasis in mouse MLTC-1 and primary Leydig cells. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:1884-1898. [PMID: 32594840 PMCID: PMC7469621 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1779471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In males, aging is accompanied by decline in serum testosterone levels due to impairment of testicular Leydig cells. The polycomb protein BMI1 has recently been identified as an anti-aging factor. In our previous study, BMI1 null mice showed decreased serum testosterone and Leydig cell population, excessive oxidative stress and p16/p19 signaling activation. However, a cause-and-effect relationship between phenotypes and pathways was not investigated. Here, we used the rescue approach to study the role of oxidative stress or p16/p19 in BMI1-mediated steroidogenesis. Our results revealed that treatment with antioxidant NAC, but not down-regulation of p16/p19, largely rescued cell senescence, DNA damage and steroidogenesis in BMI1-deficient mouse MLTC-1 and primary Leydig cells. Collectively, our study demonstrates that BMI1 orchestrates steroidogenesis mainly through maintaining redox homeostasis, and thus, BMI1 may be a novel and potential therapeutic target for treatment of hypogonadism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Gao
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Meng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Shao
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital , Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao Zhou
- Department of Reproduction, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital , Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiuliang Dai
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Cong Shen
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Cheng
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou, China
| | - Shenmin Yang
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Suzhou, China
| | - Xingming Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics , Guangdong, China.,Department of Reproductive Immunity and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province , Guangdong, China.,Department of Reproductive Immunity and Genetics, Family Planning Special Hospital of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang, China
| | - Li Chen
- Center of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou Matemity and Child Health Care Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
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