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Huỳnh C, Beaulieu-Thibodeau A, Fallu JS, Bergeron J, Jacques A, Brochu S. Factors related to the low-risk perception of driving after cannabis use. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 202:107584. [PMID: 38692126 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Modifying risk perceptions related to driving after cannabis use (DACU) could deter individuals from enacting this behavior, as low-risk perception is associated with DACU engagement. This study identified sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, other driving behaviors, peer norms, and psychological characteristics that are associated with lower risk perception regarding DACU. METHODS Canadian drivers aged 17-35 who have used cannabis in the past year (n = 1,467) completed an online questionnaire. A multivariate linear regression model allowed for identifying variables associated with the low-risk perception of DACU (i.e. believing it to be safe as one's driving ability is not impaired by cannabis or by being high). RESULTS Lower risk perception of DACU was associated with identifying as male, weekly to daily cannabis use, engagement in DACU, general risky driving behaviors, being a passenger of a driver who engages in DACU, number of friends who engage in DACU, and peer approval of DACU. Having driven under the influence of alcohol, living in urban areas, having received traffic tickets in the past three years, and declaring past-week irritability and cognitive problems were associated with holding a higher risk perception related to DACU. DISCUSSION Road education and prevention programs should target attitudes and perceptions regarding risks shaped by sociocultural norms and past risky driving experiences. They need to reach out more specifically to drivers with the identified characteristics associated with the low-risk perception of DACU. These interventions can potentially help reduce the rate of individuals who engage in this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Huỳnh
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Alexis Beaulieu-Thibodeau
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Fallu
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Centre for Public Health Research, Université de Montréal and CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Jacques Bergeron
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Jacques
- Program to Assess and Reduce the Risk of Impaired Driving, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Serge Brochu
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Gelino BW, Graham ME, Strickland JC, Glatter HW, Hursh SR, Reed DD. Using behavioral economics to optimize safer undergraduate late-night transportation. J Appl Behav Anal 2024; 57:117-130. [PMID: 37932923 DOI: 10.1002/jaba.1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Many universities sponsor student-oriented transit services that could reduce alcohol-induced risks but only if services adequately anticipate and adapt to student needs. Human choice data offer an optimal foundation for planning and executing late-night transit services. In this simulated choice experiment, respondents opted to either (a) wait an escalating delay for a free university-sponsored "safe" option, (b) pay an escalating fee for an on-demand rideshare service, or (c) pick a free, immediately available "unsafe" option (e.g., ride with an alcohol-impaired driver). Behavioral-economic nonlinear models of averaged-choice data describe preference across arrangements. Best-fit metrics indicate adequate sensitivity to contextual factors (i.e., wait time, preceding late-night activity). At short delays, students preferred the free transit option. As delays extend beyond 30 min, most students preferred competing alternatives. These data depict a policy-relevant delay threshold to better safeguard undergraduate student safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett W Gelino
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Madison E Graham
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Justin C Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hannah W Glatter
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Steven R Hursh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institutes for Behavior Resources, Inc., Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek D Reed
- Department of Applied Behavioral Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
- Cofrin-Logan Center for Addiction Research and Treatment, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Nightingale C, Kippen R, Ward B, Stoove M, Quinn B, Sutton K, Dietze P. The prevalence of drug driving and being caught for a drug driving offense among community-recruited people who use methamphetamine in metropolitan and rural Victoria, Australia. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2023; 24:103-108. [PMID: 36662649 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2150048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the prevalence, frequency and characteristics of drug driving and being caught for a drug driving offense and their key correlates among people who used methamphetamine in rural and metropolitan areas of Victoria, Australia. METHODS Cross-sectional analysis of a sample of 744 people who used methamphetamine. Outcomes included self-reported drug driving (driving within three hours of consuming drugs, yes/no) and having been caught for a drug driving offense (yes/no). Sociodemographic (including rurality) and drug use variables were included in multivariable analyses. RESULTS Of the 511 participants who reported driving in the six months prior to the survey, 407 (80%) reported drug driving (driving within three hours of taking an illicit drug). Most drug drivers (92.6%) reported taking methamphetamine (in combination with other drugs (59.5%) or in isolation (33.2%)) before driving. Most reported drug driving daily (31%) or weekly (25%), with passengers often (31%) or sometimes (28%). Most reported believing their driving was not at all impaired (49%), or only slightly impaired (32%) when preceded by drug taking. Multivariable analysis revealed that drug driving was not associated with rurality, nor with other socio-demographic characteristics. However, participants residing outside metropolitan areas were more likely to report having been caught previously for a drug driving offense (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.93, 95% CI = 1.18-3.16). CONCLUSIONS The majority of people within this cohort of people who used methamphetamine reported drug driving. An enhanced focus on public health campaigns and strategies to prevent drug driving is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Nightingale
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rebecca Kippen
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Bernadette Ward
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Mark Stoove
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Brendan Quinn
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute of Family Studies, Southbank, Australia
| | - Keith Sutton
- School of Rural Health, Monash University, Bendigo, Australia
| | - Paul Dietze
- Disease Elimination Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute and EnAble Institute, Curtin University, Melbourne, Australia
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Hasan R, Watson B, Haworth N, Oviedo-Trespalacios O. A systematic review of factors associated with illegal drug driving. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2022; 168:106574. [PMID: 35152044 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2022.106574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drug driving is a serious problem worldwide that can increase the risk of road crashes. This systematic review seeks to identify factors associated with drug driving (i.e., driving after consuming drugs other than alcohol) to highlight gaps in existing knowledge and inform the design of more effective countermeasures. A search of the literature was conducted for the period January 1, 2005 to July 31, 2021 using six different databases. The search protocol followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (#CRD42021234616). Studies that met inclusion criteria compared drug drivers with either non-drug drivers, alcohol-only drivers or drug drivers from an earlier time period, to identify factors specifically associated with drug driving, rather than common to all drivers. Two hundred and nineteen publications met the inclusion criteria and were included within the review. Based on the findings, a logic model was developed that presents the factors associated with drug driving. Various sociodemographic, psychosocial and legal factors emerged as the main factors associated with illegal drug driving. At the sociodemographic and psychological levels, drug drivers were more likely to be single, young males who often drive after using cannabis and who score high on sensation-seeking and impulsivity scales. The key social factor found to be associated with drug driving was peer acceptance/disapproval of the behaviour. At the legal level, the review suggested that the effectiveness of current enforcement approaches to drug driving vary among jurisdictions around the world due to differences in the level of perceived certainty of apprehension and the chances of punishment avoidance. Future research into the anticipated and actual rewards for drug driving is needed to inform the development of more effective countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razi Hasan
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety- Queensland (CARRS-Q), K Block, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Barry Watson
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety- Queensland (CARRS-Q), K Block, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Narelle Haworth
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety- Queensland (CARRS-Q), K Block, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Oscar Oviedo-Trespalacios
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Centre for Accident Research and Road Safety- Queensland (CARRS-Q), K Block, 130 Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4059, Australia.
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Huỳnh C, Beaulieu-Thibodeau A, Fallu JS, Bergeron J, Flores-Aranda J, Jacques A, Brochu S. Risk Factors Associated With Driving After Cannabis Use Among Canadian Young Adults. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00220426211049359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study identifid the most prominent risk factors associated with driving after cannabis use (DACU). 1,126 Canadian drivers (17–35 years old) who have used cannabis in the past 12 months completed an online questionnaire about sociodemographic information, substance use habits, cannabis effect expectancies, driving behaviours and peers’ behaviours and attitudes concerning DACU. A hierarchical logistic regression allowed identifying variables that were associated with DACU. Income (CA$30,000–CA$69,000), weekly-to-daily cannabis use, higher level of cannabis-related problems, expectation that cannabis facilitates social interactions, drunk driving, belief that DACU is safe, general risky driving behaviours, having a few friends who had DACU and injunctive norms predicted past 12-month DACU. Older age, holding negative expectations concerning cannabis, driving aggressively and perceived accessibility of public transportation decreased the probability of DACU. With restricted resources, programmes will be more efficient by targeting Canadian young adults most inclined to DACU by focussing on these risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Huỳnh
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexis Beaulieu-Thibodeau
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Sébastien Fallu
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Centre for Public Health Research, Université de Montréal and CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacques Bergeron
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jorge Flores-Aranda
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- School of Social Work, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Jacques
- Program to Assess and Reduce the Risk of Impaired Driving, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Brochu
- University Institute on Addictions, CIUSSS Centre-Sud-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- School of Criminology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Borodovsky JT, Marsch LA, Scherer EA, Grucza RA, Hasin DS, Budney AJ. Perceived safety of cannabis intoxication predicts frequency of driving while intoxicated. Prev Med 2020; 131:105956. [PMID: 31863787 PMCID: PMC6942456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) is a public health concern, and data are needed to develop screening and prevention tools. Measuring the level of intoxication that cannabis users perceive as safe for driving could help stratify DUIC risk. This study tested whether intoxication levels perceived as safe for driving predicted past-month DUIC frequency. Online survey data were collected in 2017 from a national sample of n = 3010 past-month cannabis users with lifetime DUIC (age 18+). Respondents indicated past-month DUIC frequency, typical cannabis intoxication level (1-10 scale), and cannabis intoxication level perceived as safe for driving (0-10 scale). Approximately 24%, 38%, 13%, and 24% of respondents engaged in DUIC on 0, 1-9, 10-19, and 20-30 days respectively in the past month. Among these four DUIC frequency groups, median typical intoxication varied little (5-6), but median intoxication perceived as safe for driving varied widely (3-8). Higher intoxication levels perceived as safe for driving corresponded to frequent DUIC (Spearman's rho: 0.46). For each unit increase in intoxication level perceived as safe for driving, the odds of past-month DUIC increased 18% to 68% (multinomial logistic regression odds ratio - MOR1-9 days: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.13-1.23; MOR10-19 days: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.30-1.50; MOR20-30 days: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.57-1.80). In this targeted sample of past-month cannabis users, DUIC frequency varied widely, but daily/near-daily DUIC was common (24%). Measuring intoxication levels perceived as safe for driving permits delineation of past-month DUIC frequency. This metric has potential as a component of public health prevention tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Borodovsky
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Lisa A Marsch
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Emily A Scherer
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Richard A Grucza
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deborah S Hasin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alan J Budney
- Center for Technology and Behavioral Health, Dartmouth Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, NH, USA
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“Just a Habit”: Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis as Ordinary, Convenient, and Controllable Experiences According to Drivers in a Remedial Program. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0022042619842375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bennett T, Holloway K. Drug and Alcohol-Related Crime Among University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2018; 62:4489-4509. [PMID: 29717918 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x18769601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the article is to determine the approximate prevalence of drug and alcohol-related crime among university students in seven universities in the United Kingdom and to assess whether there are differences between substance users who offend and substance users who do not offend. In total, 7,855 students submitted a questionnaire. The results of the study show that 10% of students who used drugs and about the same percentage who used alcohol had committed substance-related crimes in the current academic year. The most prolific offenders in relation to both drug and alcohol-related offending were males, those who frequently went out to socialise, frequent users of nightclubs off campus, and those in poor physical or mental health. The article proposes that preventative interventions should be used to address alcohol and drug-related crime and its consequences.
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Caldeira KM, Arria AM, Allen HK, Bugbee BA, Vincent KB, O’Grady KE. Continuity of drunk and drugged driving behaviors four years post-college. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:332-339. [PMID: 28950239 PMCID: PMC5648635 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driving under the influence of alcohol is a leading cause of injury and premature death among young adults, and college-educated individuals are at particularly high risk. Less is known about driving under the influence of other drugs, which is on the rise. METHOD This study describes prospective seven-year trends in alcohol and other drug (AOD)-involved driving among a young-adult sample beginning with their second year of college (i.e., Years 2-8), and documents the extent of continuity in such behaviors across time. Originally recruited as incoming first-year students at one large public university, participants (n=1194) were interviewed annually about how frequently they drove while drunk/intoxicated (DWI), after drinking any alcohol (DAD), and/or while under the influence of other drugs (DD). Follow-up rates were high (>75% annually). RESULTS Among participants with access to drive a car, annual prevalence peaked in Year 4 (modal age 21) for both DWI (24.3%wt) and DD (19.1%wt) and declined significantly thereafter through Year 8 (both ps<0.05). DAD was far more prevalent than DWI or DD, increasing from 40.5%wt in Year 2 to 66.9%wt in Year 5, and plateauing thereafter. Among marijuana-using participants, likelihood of DD was consistently greater than the likelihood of DWI among Heavy Episodic and Light-to-Moderate drinkers, and it declined significantly during Years 5-8 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Post-college declines in heavy drinking and DWI prevalence were encouraging but did not necessarily translate to reductions in likelihood of engaging in DWI, depending on drinking pattern. College-educated individuals represent an important target for AOD-involved driving prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M. Caldeira
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, 1234 School of Public Health Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Amelia M. Arria
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, 1234 School of Public Health Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hannah K. Allen
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, 1234 School of Public Health Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Brittany A. Bugbee
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, 1234 School of Public Health Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kathryn B. Vincent
- Center on Young Adult Health and Development, University of Maryland School of Public Health, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, 1234 School of Public Health Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kevin E. O’Grady
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, 3109 Biology-Psychology Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Arria AM, Caldeira KM, Allen HK, Bugbee BA, Vincent KB, O'Grady KE. Prevalence and incidence of drug use among college students: an 8-year longitudinal analysis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2017; 43:711-718. [PMID: 28402711 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1310219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug use among college students is associated with adverse academic and health outcomes and risks to personal safety. OBJECTIVES This study utilized data from a longitudinal study to estimate annual prevalence, cumulative lifetime prevalence, and incidence of ten types of drug use during the eight years after college entry and the average age of onset of each drug used. METHODS Participants (N = 1,253; 52% female) were young adults who were originally enrolled as first-time, first-year students at a university in the mid-Atlantic US. Annual personal interviews gathered data about the use of seven illicit drugs and three prescription drugs used nonmedically. Annual follow-up rates ranged from 76 to 91%. RESULTS Marijuana was the most commonly used drug in every year of the study, with the highest annual prevalence estimates in Year 3 (47%wt). In Year 8, when the modal age of participants was 25, 29%wt used marijuana during the past year. Nonmedical use of prescription drugs was more prevalent during college than in the later years of the study. Although the prevalence of cocaine and ecstasy use was low (cumulative prevalence estimates of 17%wt and 13%wt, respectively), incidence for these drugs was particularly high in the later years of the study. CONCLUSION Drug use is prevalent among college students, and drug use persists among young adults, even after many have graduated college. More attention should be directed at identifying and intervening with students at risk for drug use to mitigate possible academic, health, and safety consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M Arria
- a Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center on Young Adult Health and Development , University of Maryland School of Public Health , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Kimberly M Caldeira
- a Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center on Young Adult Health and Development , University of Maryland School of Public Health , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Hannah K Allen
- a Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center on Young Adult Health and Development , University of Maryland School of Public Health , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Brittany A Bugbee
- a Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center on Young Adult Health and Development , University of Maryland School of Public Health , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Kathryn B Vincent
- a Department of Behavioral and Community Health, Center on Young Adult Health and Development , University of Maryland School of Public Health , College Park , MD , USA
| | - Kevin E O'Grady
- b Department of Psychology , University of Maryland , College Park , MD , USA
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Li K, Simons-Morton B, Gee B, Hingson R. Marijuana-, alcohol-, and drug-impaired driving among emerging adults: Changes from high school to one-year post-high school. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2016; 58:15-20. [PMID: 27620930 PMCID: PMC5022791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Driving while impaired (DWI) increases the risk of a motor vehicle crash by impairing performance. Few studies have examined the prevalence and predictors of marijuana, alcohol, and drug-specific DWI among emerging adults. METHODS The data from wave 3 (W3, high school seniors, 2012, N=2407) and wave 4 (W4, one year after high school, N=2178) of the NEXT Generation Health Study with a nationally representative cohort. W4 DWI (≥1day of past 30days) was specified for alcohol-specific, marijuana-specific, alcohol/marijuana-combined, illicit drug-related DWI. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated the association of W4 DWI with W3 covariates (perceived peer/parent influence, drinking/binge drinking, marijuana/illicit drug use), and W4 environmental status variables (work/school/residence) adjusting for W3 overall DWI, demographic, and complex survey variables. RESULTS Overall DWI prevalence from W3 to W4 changed slightly (14% to 15%). W4 DWI consisted of 4.34% drinking-specific, 5.02% marijuana-specific, 2.41% drinking/marijuana combined, and 3.37% illicit drug-related DWI. W3 DWI was significantly associated with W4 alcohol-related and alcohol/marijuana-combined DWI, but not other DWI. W3 marijuana use, binge drinking, and illicit drug use were positively associated with W4 marijuana-specific, alcohol/marijuana-combined, and illicit drug-related DWI, respectively. W3 friend drunkenness and marijuana use were positively associated with W4 alcohol-specific and marijuana-related DWI, respectively. W3 peer marijuana use was negatively associated with W4 alcohol-specific DWI. CONCLUSIONS Driving under the influence of alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drugs is a persistent, threatening public health concern among emerging U.S. adults. High school seniors' binge drinking as well as regular alcohol drinking and marijuana/illicit drug use were independently associated with respective DWI one year after high school. Peer drunkenness and marijuana use in high school may be related to subsequent DWI of emerging adults. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The results support the use of injunctive peer norms about getting drunk and smoking marijuana in guiding the development of prevention programs to reduce youth DWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaigang Li
- Department of Health & Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Bruce Simons-Morton
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin Gee
- Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ralph Hingson
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, USA
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Abayomi O, Babalola OR, Olakulehin OA, Ighoroje M. Drink driving and risky behavior among university students in southwestern Nigeria-Implications for policy development. TRAFFIC INJURY PREVENTION 2016; 17:330-335. [PMID: 26252819 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2015.1077238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drink driving contributes significantly to road traffic injuries. Little is known about the relationship between drink driving and other high-risk behaviors in non-Western countries. The study aimed to assess the relationship between drink driving and other risky behaviors including making phone calls, sending text messages, nonuse of protective gear, and driving against traffic. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of risky behavior among undergraduates was conducted. A stratified random sampling method was used to identify young undergraduates who had driven a motorized vehicle in the past year. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and other tools developed by researchers were used to identify the risky behaviors. RESULTS Of 431 respondents, 10.7% had engaged in drink driving in the past 12 months. The most common risky behavior was making phone calls (63.7%), followed by nonuse of helmets (54.7%), driving against traffic (49.2%), nonuse of seat belts (46.8%), and sending text messages (26.1%). Alcohol use was significantly associated with making phone calls (U = 1.148; P < .0001), sending text messages (U = 1.598; P = .021), nonuse of helmets (U = 1.147; P < .0001), driving against traffic (U = 1.234; P < .0001), and nonuse of seat belts (U = 3.233; P = .001). Drink driving was associated with all risky behaviors except nonuse of seat belts (U = 1.842; P = .065). CONCLUSION Alcohol use and drink driving were associated with multiple risky driving behaviors. This provides useful insight for policy development and presents additional challenges for traffic injury prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Abayomi
- a Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital , Ogbomoso , Oyo State , Nigeria
| | - O R Babalola
- b National Orthopedic Hospital , Lagos , Nigeria
| | - O A Olakulehin
- a Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital , Ogbomoso , Oyo State , Nigeria
| | - M Ighoroje
- c Neuropsychiatric Hospital , Aro , Abeokuta , Nigeria
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Lapidus G, Borrup K, DiVietro S, Campbell BT, Beebe R, Grasso D, Rogers S, Joseph D, Banco L. Practical applications of injury surveillance: a brief 25-year history of the Connecticut Injury Prevention Center. Inj Prev 2016; 22 Suppl 1:i12-6. [PMID: 26728007 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mission of the Connecticut Injury Prevention Center (CIPC), jointly housed in Connecticut Children's Medical Center and Hartford Hospital, is to reduce unintentional injury and violence among Connecticut residents, with a special focus on translating research into injury prevention programmes and policy. The CIPC engages in four core activities: research, education and training, community outreach programmes and public policy. As surveillance is an essential element of injury prevention, the CIPC has developed a robust statewide fatal and non-fatal injury surveillance system that has guided our prior work and continues to inform our current projects. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article is to review the projects, programmes, and collaborative relationships that have made the CIPC successful in reducing unintentional injury and violence in Connecticut throughout the course of its 25 years history. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS Retrospective review of the application of injury surveillance. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS We believe that the application of our surveillance system can serve as a model for others who wish to engage in collaborative, community-based, data-driven injury prevention programmes in their own communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Lapidus
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin Borrup
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Susan DiVietro
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brendan T Campbell
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rebecca Beebe
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Damion Grasso
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Steven Rogers
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - D'Andrea Joseph
- Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut, USA University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leonard Banco
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
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Linn BK, Nochajski T, Wieczorek W. Relationship of aggression, negative affect, substance use problems, and childhood delinquency to DWI recidivism. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2015; 42:48-55. [DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2015.1085541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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[Drug use and involvement in risky driving styles in a sample of university students. The uniHcos project]. GACETA SANITARIA 2015; 29 Suppl 1:4-9. [PMID: 26342419 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Drug and alcohol use are known to increase the risk of traffic accidents, especially among youth. However, the association between habitual drug use and the adoption of risky driving behavior is not well known. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the association between habitual drug use and involvement in risky driving practices overall and by gender among university students. METHODS A cross sectional study was conducted. The study population was composed of 559 car drivers younger than 31 years who completed an online questionnaire during the 2011-2012 academic year. Among other factors, the questionnaire assessed the following items: habitual drug consumption (20 or more days) during the last year and involvement in other risky driving practices during the last month. RESULTS A total of 27.7% of students reported they had used drugs regularly during the last year. Drug use was associated with a higher frequency of involvement in risky driving practices. In men, the factors most strongly associated with drug consumption were speeding, driving under influence of alcohol, and feeling drowsy while driving. In women, drug consumption was mainly associated with smoking while driving, drunk driving, and driving without rest. CONCLUSION The results of our study support the hypothesis that habitual drug use is associated with an increased frequency of risky driving behavior.
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Alcohol tax policy and related mortality. An age-period-cohort analysis of a rapidly developed Chinese population, 1981-2010. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99906. [PMID: 25153324 PMCID: PMC4143164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To delineate the temporal dynamics between alcohol tax policy changes and related health outcomes, this study examined the age, period and cohort effects on alcohol-related mortality in relation to changes in government alcohol policies. We used the age-period-cohort modeling to analyze retrospective mortality data over 30 years from 1981 to 2010 in a rapidly developed Chinese population, Hong Kong. Alcohol-related mortality from 1) chronic causes, 2) acute causes, 3) all (chronic+acute) causes and 4) causes 100% attributable to alcohol, as defined according to the Alcohol-Related Disease Impact (ARDI) criteria developed by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, were examined. The findings illustrated the possible effects of alcohol policy changes on adult alcohol-related mortality. The age-standardized mortality trends were generally in decline, with fluctuations that coincided with the timing of the alcohol policy changes. The age-period-cohort analyses demonstrated possible temporal dynamics between alcohol policy changes and alcohol-related mortality through the period effects, and also generational impact of alcohol policy changes through the cohort effects. Based on the illustrated association between the dramatic increase of alcohol imports in the mid-1980s and the increased alcohol-related mortality risk of the generations coming of age of majority at that time, attention should be paid to generations coming of drinking age during the 2007–2008 duty reduction.
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