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Miščikienė L, Štelemėkas M, Petkevičienė J, Rehm J, Lange S, Trišauskė J. The prevalence of alcohol-related deaths in autopsies performed in Lithuania between 2017 and 2020: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:979-985. [PMID: 38547504 PMCID: PMC11430968 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of alcohol is a risk factor for non-communicable and infectious diseases, mental health problems, and can lead injuries and violence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of alcohol-involved deaths among decedents who died of external causes and underwent autopsy in Lithuania. METHODS Study includes age persons of any age (from 0 to 110 years) who died and were autopsied in Lithuania from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020. Data were obtained from the Lithuanian State Register of Deaths and Their Causes. RESULTS Among external causes of death, the presence of alcohol was detected in 55.0% of cases. Male decedents had a significantly higher number of positive BAC level recorded, at 46.6%, compared with female decedents (32.1%; P < 0.001). The highest incidence of deaths where the alcohol was detected in the deceased's blood was found when the decedent was listed as being in the victims of assault group (71.5%, 95% CI 65.4-77.2). However, the highest median BAC score was found for those in the accidents group (59.7%, 95% CI: 58.2-61.2, BAC 2.42 ‰, IQR 1.86). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that alcohol use may be a contributing factor in a wide range of fatal incidents, including accidents, injuries, and cases of violent intent. Inequalities between males and females were identified, with a higher proportion of males with alcohol detected in blood at the time of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Miščikienė
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Health Management, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Štelemėkas
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Janina Petkevičienė
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jürgen Rehm
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program on Substance Abuse & WHO European Region Collaboration Centre, Public Health Agency of Catalonia, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Zentrum für Interdisziplinäre Suchtforschung, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shannon Lange
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Justina Trišauskė
- Health Research Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Worldwide Prevalence of Alcohol Use in Non-Fatally Injured Motor Vehicle Drivers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050758. [PMID: 36900763 PMCID: PMC10001344 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drunk driving is an important risk factor significantly contributing to traffic accidents and their associated lethality. This meta-analysis of observational studies aims to provide the estimates of drunk driving prevalence in non-lethally injured motor vehicle drivers in relation to the world region, blood alcohol concentration (BAC), and quality of the primary study. A systematic search for observational studies that examined the prevalence of drunk driving in injured drivers was performed, and 17 studies comprising 232,198 drivers were included in the pooled analysis. The pooled prevalence of drunk driving in injured drivers was found to be 16.6% (95% CI: 12.8-20.3%; I2 = 99.87%, p < 0.001). In addition, the prevalence of alcohol use ranged from 5.5% (95% CI: 0.8-10.1%) in the Middle East, North Africa, and Greater Arabia region to 30.6% (95% CI: 24.6-36.5%) in the Asia region. As for the subgroups with different thresholds of BAC, the maximum value of 34.4% (95% CI: 28.5-40.3%) was found for a dose of 0.3 g/L. The prevalence of alcohol use reported by high-quality studies was 15.7% (95% CI: 11.1-20.3%), compared to 17.7% (95% CI: 11.3-24.2%) reported by studies of moderate quality. These findings could inform law enforcement efforts to promote road safety.
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McGrane IR, Ramsbacher NC, Rook WC, Omar FA. Effects of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and methamphetamine on motor vehicle driving performance: A systematic review of experimental and observational studies. J Forensic Sci 2023; 68:22-34. [PMID: 36411495 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) are common drugs of abuse and driving under their influence may occur in 1 million people yearly in the United States. This systematic review fills the currently unmet need in understanding the effects of METH and MDMA on motor vehicle driving performance (MVP) and provides insight into the forensic community. A PubMed search on September 24, 2020, for experimental and observational studies, which evaluated the impact of METH and MDMA on MVP was performed. After a review of 208 abstracts, 103 were considered potentially interesting and full texts were obtained. After the exclusion of non-English articles, review articles, single case reports, and articles which did not evaluate METH or MDMA on MVP, a total of nine experimental studies, 10 traditional observational studies, and 35 case series were included. The clinical rigor of experimental studies was evaluated using the Jadad scale. Experimental studies often demonstrated no significant MVP safety signals for METH or MDMA use, which was contrary to the overwhelming MVP safety risks found in observational studies. Common driving behaviors while using METH or MDMA include: errors in judgment, traveling at high speeds, failure to stop, merging inappropriately, lane weaving, and crashes. Limitations of experimental studies that led to dissimilar MVP outcomes from observational studies include: the common use of driving simulators, as opposed to actual driving examinations, and doses of METH or MDMA administered may not be representative of blood concentrations seen in observational studies. This systematic review has no funding source and was not registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian R McGrane
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy, College of Health, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA.,Department of Pharmacy, Providence St. Patrick Hospital, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Nathan C Ramsbacher
- Department of Pharmacy, Providence St. Patrick Hospital, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - William C Rook
- Department of Pharmacy, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Faddy A Omar
- Department of Pharmacy, Holy Rosary Healthcare, Miles City, Montana, USA
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McKinlay A, Mitchell G, Bertenshaw C. Review article: DINED (Delivery-related INjuries in the Emergency Department) part 1: A scoping review of risk factors and injuries affecting food delivery riders. Emerg Med Australas 2022; 34:150-156. [PMID: 35037394 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This scoping review describes the current state of research about two-wheeled delivery riders who have been injured while performing commercial food delivery. The key areas of interest are the patterns of injury, associated risk factors and current gaps in knowledge. Five databases were searched to identify key papers that describe injuries to two-wheeled food delivery riders. Papers were assessed for quality and eligibility and key information was extracted relating to patterns of injury and risk factors. From an initial 264 records from PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and SafetyLit, studies were screened by title, abstract and full text to yield 12 key papers for analysis. No papers reporting on Australian data were identified. Men comprise over 85% of workers in the food delivery industry. The average age of injured riders varies by country, but is commonly under 30 years old. Most injuries are lower limb musculoskeletal injuries, although there are no consistent data about frequency, severity or cost to the healthcare system. Twenty-three key risk factors were categorised according to rider characteristics, working conditions and environmental factors. The most common risk factors were younger age, lack of driving experience, time-pressured work and inadequate protective gear. There are very few publications describing food delivery rider injuries and risk factors. This is an emerging industry in which the worker population may be younger and more vulnerable. Given the different legal and cultural contexts across different countries, Australian-specific research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McKinlay
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary Mitchell
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Jamieson Trauma Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Claire Bertenshaw
- Emergency and Trauma Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Queensland Ambulance Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Bombana HS, Bogstrand ST, Gjerde H, Jamt REG, Carvalho HBD, Andreuccetti G, Bernini CDO, Muñoz DR, Leyton V, Greve JMD. Use of alcohol and illicit drugs by trauma patients in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Injury 2022; 53:30-36. [PMID: 34749908 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol and illicit drugs impair cognitive and psychomotor skills and may thereby increase the risk of involvement in a road traffic crash and other types of injuries. However, the knowledge on the use of psychoactive substances among injured patients presenting to emergency departments in low and middle-income countries remains limited. AIMS To estimate the prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use among patients with traumatic injuries admitted to an emergency department in Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS Blood samples from injured patients requiring hospitalization for more than 24 h due to road traffic crashes, falls, or violence, were collected from July 2018 to June 2019. The samples were analyzed for alcohol and illicit drugs. RESULTS A total of 376 patients were included in this study; the median age was 36 years and 80% of patients were male. The majority (56%) of injuries resulted from road traffic crashes, with approximately half of them being motorcyclists. Alcohol, drugs, or both were detected in 32% of samples. The proportion that tested positive was highest for males (35%), for the age group 18-39 years (41%), for singles (43%), and for patients injured at nighttime (44%). Patients injured due to violence had the highest prevalence of alcohol or drugs in their blood samples (44%). Alcohol was most prevalent (23%), followed by cocaine (12%) and cannabis (5%). CONCLUSION The use of alcohol and illicit drugs was common among injured patients in Sao Paulo; it was likely a contributing factor in a third of the injurious accidents. Alcohol was the most prevalent substance followed by cocaine and cannabis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silva Bombana
- Department of Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Stig Tore Bogstrand
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, NO-0424, Norway
| | - Hallvard Gjerde
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, NO-0424, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Elén Gjulem Jamt
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, NO-0424, Norway
| | - Heráclito Barbosa de Carvalho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Andreuccetti
- Department of Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Celso de Oliveira Bernini
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 255 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel Romero Muñoz
- Department of Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Vilma Leyton
- Department of Legal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Julia Maria D'Andréa Greve
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Clinical Hospital of the University of Sao Paulo Medical School, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 333 - Cerqueira César, São Paulo SP 05403-010, Brazil
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Meyer D, Muir S, Silva SSM, Slikboer R, McIntyre A, Imberger K, Pyta V. Modelling the relationship of driver license and offense history with fatal and serious injury (FSI) crash involvement. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2021; 79:83-93. [PMID: 34848023 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research has indicated that increases in traffic offenses are linked to increased crash involvement rates, making reductions in offending an appropriate measure for evaluating road safety interventions in the short-term. However, the extent to which traffic offending predicts fatal and serious injury (FSI) crash involvement risk is not well established, prompting this new Victorian (Australia) study. METHOD A preliminary cluster analysis was performed to describe the offense data and assess FSI crash involvement risk for each cluster. While controlling demographic and licensing variables, the key traffic offenses that predict future FSI crash involvement were then identified. The large sample size allowed the use of machine learning methods such as random forests, gradient boosting, and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. This was done for the 'all driver' sample and five sometimes overlapping groups of drivers; the young, the elderly, and those with a motorcycle license, a heavy vehicle license endorsement and/or a history of license bans. RESULTS With the exception of the group of drivers who had a history of bans, offense history significantly improved the accuracy of models predicting future FSI crash involvement using demographic and licensing data, suggesting that traffic offenses may be an important factor to consider when analyzing FSI crash involvement risk and the effects of road safety countermeasures. CONCLUSIONS The results are helpful for identifying driver groups to target with further road safety countermeasures, and for showing that machine learning methods have an important role to play in research of this nature. Practical Application: This research indicates with whom road safety interventions should particularly be applied. Changes to driver demerit policies to better target offenses related to FSI crash involvement and repeat traffic offenders, who are at greater risk of FSI crash involvement, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny Meyer
- Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
| | - Samuel Muir
- Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
| | | | - Reneta Slikboer
- Swinburne University of Technology, John St, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.
| | - Allison McIntyre
- Allison McIntyre Consulting, Pascoe Vale South, Victoria 3044, Australia.
| | - Kelly Imberger
- Safer Road Users - Driver Behaviour, Road Safety Victoria, Department of Transport, 1 Spring St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
| | - Victoria Pyta
- Safer Road Users - Driver Behaviour, Road Safety Victoria, Department of Transport, 1 Spring St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.
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Hajijafari M, Akbari H, Asgarian FS. A meta-analysis study of worldwide prevalence of mortality in cocaine-consuming motorcyclists. J Addict Dis 2021; 40:96-102. [PMID: 34254901 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2021.1936382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
For this meta-analysis, the aim is to estimate the prevalence and to determine the factors associated with changes in this prevalence in the world. A systematic review of PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, and Science Direct, SID, and Google Scholar from 2011 to April 2020 was performed. Point prevalence was analyzed with a 95% confidence interval. The variances of each study were calculated using a two-sentence distribution formula, and the heterogeneity between the studies was assessed by the Q-Cochran test with a significance level of less than 0.1. Also, the index of changes attributed to I2 was examined. Due to the heterogeneity between the studies, the random-effects model was used to combine the results of the studies. All statistical analyses were performed by the STATA software version 11 using Meta-Analysis commands. The significance level of the tests was considered to be P < 0.05. The prevalence of mortality in motorcyclists in six studies was reported to be 12% (0.05-0.18 = 95% CI). We stratified this study by participant geographical region and age group. In this study, the highest prevalence of mortality was in the under-30 age group. Furthermore, planning educational campaigns and advertisements by state authorities that are pointing out the harmful effects of motorcyclists' cocaine and/or other substances consumption is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hossein Akbari
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Asgarian
- Social Determinants of Health (SDH) Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Anh NT, Hung LS, Xuan NT, Lap PD, Tuan DT, Kien VD. Skull Fracture Patterns and Morphologies Among Fatal Motorcycle Traffic Accident Victims in Vietnam. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2021; 42:30-35. [PMID: 33074839 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT We aim to describe morphological structures of skull fractures and relevant factors in motorcycle accident victims in Vietnam. This work represents a retrospective cross-sectional study based on forensic reports of fatal motorcycle accident victims. Between January 2013 and August 2019, a total of 226 fatal motorcycle accident patients with skull fracture diagnoses were enrolled. Linear and depressed fractures were the common patterns (46.0% and 37.2% of cases, respectively), whereas stellate (11.5%) fractures were rare. Fractures of the temporal bone (68.6% of cases) and basilar skull (60.6%) were the most common, whereas fractures of the parietal bone were the least common (9.7%). Two or more patterns of skull fracture were recorded in 25.5% of cases, and 2 or more fracture locations were recorded in 76.6% of cases. Fractures of the parietal bone were associated with victims not wearing a helmet. In addition, fractures of the basilar skull were more likely to occur among victims with alcohol consumption. We found the common pattern of skull fractures was linear and depressed fractures, and the common location of skull fractures was temporal and basilar bone. Further studies that include larger sample sizes and collect more information should be conducted to better understand relationships between skull fractures and related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Tuan Anh
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine, Hanoi Medical University
| | - Luu Sy Hung
- From the Department of Forensic Medicine, Hanoi Medical University
| | | | - Phan Duc Lap
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nam Dinh General Hospital, Nam Dinh
| | - Dinh Thanh Tuan
- Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Hanoi Medical University
| | - Vu Duy Kien
- OnCare Medical Technology Company Limited, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Solmi M, Civardi S, Corti R, Anil J, Demurtas J, Lange S, Radua J, Dragioti E, Fusar-Poli P, Carvalho AF. Risk and protective factors for alcohol and tobacco related disorders: An umbrella review of observational studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 121:20-28. [PMID: 33248149 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The credibility of evidence of various environmental risk factors for alcohol and tobacco use disorders (AUD/TUD) needs to be graded to identify groups to target with selective prevention. A systematic umbrella review was conducted (PubMed/PsycINFO), grading credibility of meta-analyses of prospective/retrospective observational cohort studies assessing risk/protective factors for AUD/TUD, applying established quantitative criteria. Sensitivity analyses were conducted. Quality of eligible meta-analyses was assessed with AMSTAR-2. Out of 8464 unique references, 80 full text articles were scrutinized, and 12 meta-analyses, corresponding to 21 individual estimates of 12 putative risk/protective factors (n = 241,300), were included. In main analyses no association had convincing nor highly suggestive evidence for AUD/TUD. Six associations had suggestive evidence for AUD, two for TUD. Among these, in sensitivity analyses without >1000 cases criterion, convincing evidence emerged for parental alcohol supply, and impulsivity traits in college students for AUD, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder for TUD. Other associations were supported by weak evidence/were not nominally significant. Few risk factors identified at-risk groups where selective preventative strategies could be developed to prevent AUD/TUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Solmi
- Neuroscience Department, University of Padua, Italy; Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Italy; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Serena Civardi
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Corti
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - John Anil
- North American College of Information Technology, Scarborough, Canada
| | - Jacopo Demurtas
- Primary Care Department, Azienda Usl Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Shannon Lange
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatric Research and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Center and Department of Medicine and Health Sciences (IMH), Faculty of Health Sciences University of Linköping, SE- 581 85 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; OASIS Service, South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- IMPACT (Innovation in Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Treatment) Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, and the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Slikboer R, Muir SD, Silva SSM, Meyer D. A systematic review of statistical models and outcomes of predicting fatal and serious injury crashes from driver crash and offense history data. Syst Rev 2020; 9:220. [PMID: 32988410 PMCID: PMC7523043 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expenditure on driver-related behavioral interventions and road use policy is often justified by their impact on the frequency of fatal and serious injury crashes. Given the rarity of fatal and serious injury crashes, offense history, and crash history of drivers are sometimes used as an alternative measure of the impact of interventions and changes to policy. The primary purpose of this systematic review was to assess the rigor of statistical modeling used to predict fatal and serious crashes from offense history and crash history using a purpose-made quality assessment tool. A secondary purpose was to explore study outcomes. METHODS Only studies that used observational data and presented a statistical model of crash prediction from offense history or crash history were included. A quality assessment tool was developed for the systematic evaluation of statistical quality indicators across studies. The search was conducted in June 2019. RESULTS One thousand one hundred and five unique records were identified, 252 full texts were screened for inclusion, resulting in 20 studies being included in the review. The results indicate substantial and important limitations in the modeling methods used. Most studies demonstrated poor statistical rigor ranging from low to middle quality. There was a lack of confidence in published findings due to poor variable selection, poor adherence to statistical assumptions relating to multicollinearity, and lack of validation using new data. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that future research should consider machine learning to overcome correlations in the data, use rigorous vetting procedures to identify predictor variables, and validate statistical models using new data to improve utility and generalizability of models. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019137081.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reneta Slikboer
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Mail H31, John St, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.
| | - Samuel D Muir
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Mail H31, John St, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - S S M Silva
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Mail H31, John St, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, Mail H31, John St, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia
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11
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Lu L, Contrand B, Gadegbeku B, Salmi LR, Lagarde E. Road traffic crash characteristics of drivers who take prescription medicines that carry a risk to driving. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 85:102929. [PMID: 32919299 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The specific features of crashes involving an alcohol-intoxicated driver have been extensively characterized, but no such data are available for crashes involving a driver who has used a prescription medicine, which could help to plan and target prevention and control initiatives. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of crashes involving drivers under the influence of prescription medicines. METHODS We took advantage of CESIR, a French record linkage study for which data were extracted and matched from three French national databases: police reports, the national police database of injurious crashes and the national health care insurance database (HCI database). The drivers included in the study were those involved in an injurious road crash in France from July 1, 2005 to December 31, 2015, whose national identity number, date of birth and sex allowed matching. Prescription medicines considered were those with the two highest levels of warning. RESULTS Similar crash profiles were found when drivers used alcohol or medicines, particularly with respect to injury severity, type of vehicle, type of collision, type of road and cross-track profile. Alcohol-related crashes were over-represented during weekends and in low-density areas and medicine-related crashes were over-represented during weekdays and in cities of fewer than 300 000 inhabitants. While a much higher strength of association with responsibility was found for alcohol than for medicines, the proportion of crashes with drivers using medicines was twice as high as crashes with drivers using alcohol. CONCLUSION The lower risk carried by medicines is therefore in part compensated by a higher prevalence of use, making medicines one of the hidden factors of road risk. Characterizing these crashes will therefore be useful to better focus road safety intervention on the prevention of driving under the influence of psychotropic medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Team IETO, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Benjamin Contrand
- Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Team IETO, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Blandine Gadegbeku
- Université de Lyon, Université Gustave Eiffel, IFSTTAR, UMRESTTE UMR_T9405, F-69675 Lyon, France
| | - Louis-Rachid Salmi
- Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Team IETO, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Service d'Information Médicale, Pôle de Santé Publique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Emmanuel Lagarde
- Institut de Santé Publique, d'Epidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Team IETO, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR U1219, INSERM, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Asgarian FS, Namdari M, Soori H. Prevalence of mortality in cannabis consumer motorcyclists: meta-analysis of international studies. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2019; 27:136-143. [DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2019.1669667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Asgarian
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Namdari
- Department of Community Oral Health, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Soori
- Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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