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Baek Y, Jeong K, Lee S. Association of sleep timing, sleep duration, and sleep latency with metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults in Korea: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Sleep Health 2024:S2352-7218(24)00131-1. [PMID: 39174451 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep is a potential risk factor for metabolic syndrome. We investigated the associations of various sleep characteristics with the status and incidence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged Koreans. METHODS Using data from a community-based Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort study on participants aged 30-50years, cross-sectional (n = 1984) and longitudinal (n = 1216, median follow-up: 2.1years) analyses were performed. To study the association of metabolic syndrome and five components with various sleep characteristics, measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, we used Poisson and logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Of 1984 participants, 66%, 19%, and 15% belonged to the non-metabolic syndrome, pre-metabolic syndrome, and metabolic syndrome groups, respectively. After covariate adjustments, the pre-metabolic syndrome group was associated with late mid-sleep time (≥5:00; prevalence ratios 1.61, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.54) and late bedtime (≥2:00; prevalence ratios 1.55, 95% confidence interval 1.03-2.34), and the metabolic syndrome group was associated with long sleep latency (prevalence ratios 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.03-1.73), poor sleep quality (prevalence ratios 1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.07-1.78), and early wake time (<6:00; prevalence ratios 1.29, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.63). Longitudinal analysis of participants without metabolic syndrome at baseline indicated a significant increase in metabolic syndrome risk associated with very short sleep duration (<6 hours; hazard ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.79), long sleep latency (>30 minutes; hazard ratio 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.12), and early wake time (<6:00 o'clock; hazard ratio 1.73, 95% confidence interval 1.01-2.97). CONCLUSION Sleep characteristics, such as short duration, long latency, and early wake time, were associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghwa Baek
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsik Jeong
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Siwoo Lee
- KM Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Tuckwell GA, Gupta CC, Vincent GE, Vandelanotte C, Duncan MJ, Ferguson SA. Calibrated to drive: Measuring self-assessed driving ability and perceived workload after prolonged sitting and sleep restriction. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2024; 202:107609. [PMID: 38701560 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2024.107609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Self-assessed driving ability may differ from actual driving performance, leading to poor calibration (i.e., differences between self-assessed driving ability and actual performance), increased risk of accidents and unsafe driving behaviour. Factors such as sleep restriction and sedentary behaviour can impact driver workload, which influences driver calibration. This study aims to investigate how sleep restriction and prolonged sitting impact driver workload and driver calibration to identify strategies that can lead to safer and better calibrated drivers. Participants (n = 84, mean age = 23.5 ± 4.8, 49 % female) undertook a 7-day laboratory study and were randomly allocated to a condition: sitting 9-h sleep opportunity (Sit9), breaking up sitting 9-h sleep opportunity (Break9), sitting 5-h sleep opportunity (Sit5) and breaking up sitting 5-h sleep opportunity (Break5). Break9 and Break5 conditions completed 3-min of light-intensity walking on a treadmill every 30 min between 09:00-17:00 h, while participants in Sit9 and Sit5 conditions remained seated. Each participant completed a 20-min simulated commute in the morning and afternoon each day and completed subjective assessments of driving ability and perceived workload before and after each commute. Objective driving performance was assessed using a driving simulator measuring speed and lane performance metrics. Driver calibration was analysed using a single component and 3-component Brier Score. Correlational matrices were conducted as an exploratory analysis to understand the strength and direction of the relationship between subjective and objective driving outcomes. Analyses revealed participants in Sit9 and Break9 were significantly better calibrated for lane variability, lane position and safe zone-lane parameters at both time points (p < 0.0001) compared to Sit5 and Break5. Break5 participants were better calibrated for safe zone-speed and combined safe zone parameters (p < 0.0001) and speed variability at both time points (p = 0.005) compared to all other conditions. Analyses revealed lower perceived workload scores at both time points for Sit9 and Break9 participants compared to Sit5 and Break5 (p = <0.001). Breaking up sitting during the day may reduce calibration errors compared to sitting during the day for speed keeping parameters. Future studies should investigate if different physical activity frequency and intensity can reduce calibration errors, and better align a driver's self-assessment with their actual performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia A Tuckwell
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Charlotte C Gupta
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Grace E Vincent
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mitch J Duncan
- The University of Newcastle, School of Medicine & Public Health, Callaghan, Australia; Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Adelaide, Australia
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Hill VM, Ferguson SA, Vincent GE, Rebar AL. 'It's satisfying but destructive': A qualitative study on the experience of bedtime procrastination in new career starters. Br J Health Psychol 2024; 29:185-203. [PMID: 37787021 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bedtime procrastination, the volitional delay of going to bed without any external circumstances causing the delay, is linked to multiple indicators of inadequate sleep. Intervening to reduce bedtime procrastination may be an important avenue to improve sleep outcomes, yet the phenomenon remains poorly understood in populations at risk for bedtime procrastination. New career starters, those who have graduated from tertiary education and started a new full-time job within the past 12 months, may be susceptible to problematic bedtime procrastination and are at an opportune time for a 'fresh start' to change behaviour. AIMS The objectives of this study were to understand how bedtime procrastination is experienced and perceived by new career starters, to identify the enablers and barriers to behaviour change in new career starters and to explore themes for future interventions. MATERIALS & METHODS Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 28 participants. RESULTS Inductive thematic analysis was used to find seven themes: (1) negative feelings before and during bedtime procrastination; (2) wanting to versus knowing I shouldn't; (3) difficulty falling asleep; (4) influence of automatic processes; (5) consequences of bedtime procrastination; (6) lack of self-control and (7) technology captures late-night attention. Participants emphasised the need for me-time, self-negotiation to continue procrastinating and knowledge of the value of sleep. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION Findings suggest that bedtime procrastination involves both reflective and automatic cognitive processes. Future interventions would benefit from a dual-process approach, using cognitive and behavioural techniques to reduce bedtime procrastination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa M Hill
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Grace E Vincent
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Amanda L Rebar
- Central Queensland University, Appleton Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Khalesi S, Vandelanotte C, Irwin C, Vincent GE, Gupta C, Mishra GD. Symptoms of sleep problems and adherence to dietary guidelines in older women: evidence from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1679-1685. [PMID: 37277168 PMCID: PMC10410364 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined adherence to dietary guidelines and symptoms of sleep problems (e.g. taking a long time to fall sleep or waking up early) and their associations in a sample of older Australian women (68-73 years of age). DESIGN This was a population-based cross-sectional study. Adherence to the dietary guidelines was measured using a validated FFQ and reported as a diet quality score. Symptoms of sleep problems were measured using five questions and a total score was derived. Multivariate linear regression was used to investigate the association between these outcomes, adjusted for the potential confounding influence of demographic (i.e. age and marital status) and lifestyle (i.e. physical activity, stress, alcohol intake, sleep medication use) variables. SETTING Respondents from the 1946-1951 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health who completed Survey 9 were included. PARTICIPANTS Data from n 7956 older women (mean age ± sd: 70·8 ± 1·5) were included. RESULTS 70·2 % reported having at least one symptom and 20·5 % had between 3 and 5 symptoms of sleep problems (mean score ± sd: 1·4 ± 1·4, range 0-5). Adherence to dietary guidelines was poor with an average diet quality score of 56·9 ± 10·7 (range 0-100). Better adherence to dietary guidelines was associated with fewer sleep problem symptoms (β: -0·065, 95 % CI: -0·012, -0·005) and remained significant after adjusting for confounding influences. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the evidence that adherence to dietary guidelines is associated with symptoms of sleep problems in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Khalesi
- Appelton Institute and School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Brisbane & Adelaide, Australia
| | - Corneel Vandelanotte
- Appelton Institute and School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Brisbane & Adelaide, Australia
| | - Christopher Irwin
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Grace E Vincent
- Appelton Institute and School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Brisbane & Adelaide, Australia
| | - Charlotte Gupta
- Appelton Institute and School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Brisbane & Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gita D Mishra
- Australian Women and Girls’ Health Research Centre, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Rampling CM, Gupta CC, Shriane AE, Ferguson SA, Rigney G, Vincent GE. Does knowledge of sleep hygiene recommendations match behaviour in Australian shift workers? A cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059677. [PMID: 35793914 PMCID: PMC9260798 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Shiftworkers routinely obtain inadequate sleep, which has major health consequences. Sleep hygiene describes a range of behaviours, lifestyle and environmental factors that can improve sleep. To date, limited research has examined sleep hygiene in shiftworkers. This study aimed to assess the sociodemographic and behavioural correlates of sleep hygiene knowledge and engagement with sleep hygiene practices in Australian shiftworkers. STUDY DESIGN An online, cross-sectional survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Australian adults from across multiple industries (n=588) who work shift work. MEASURES The online survey included questions regarding sleep hygiene knowledge and questions from modified versions of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Sleep Hygiene Index. RESULTS Of the 588 participants, 52.9% reported having heard of 'sleep hygiene'. Of these participants, 77.5% reported understanding the term moderately, extremely or very well. Engagement with each sleep hygiene practice was varied. Common sleep hygiene practices were controlling the bedroom environment (eg, a cool, dark and quiet bedroom). Less common practices were avoiding light as bedtime approaches. Logistic regressions revealed that shiftworkers who had heard of sleep hygiene were more likely to engage in sleep hygiene practices and had better sleep quality compared with those who had not heard of sleep hygiene. Increased engagement in sleep hygiene practices did not predict the likelihood of individuals reporting better sleep quality. CONCLUSIONS Shiftworkers demonstrated varied knowledge, understanding and engagement with individual sleep hygiene practices. Future research should focus on the development of sleep hygiene interventions that accommodate the unique challenges of shift work to optimise sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Rampling
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Alexandra E Shriane
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sally A Ferguson
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Rigney
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Grace E Vincent
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Prevalence, Trends, and Correlates of Joint Patterns of Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Activity and Sleep Duration: A Pooled Analysis of 359,019 Adults in the National Health Interview Survey 2004-2018. J Phys Act Health 2022; 19:246-255. [PMID: 35272266 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) and sleep duration have established associations with health outcomes individually but tend to co-occur and may be better targeted jointly. This study aimed to describe the cross-sectional prevalence, trends, and population characteristic correlates of activity-sleep patterns in a population-representative sample of US adults from the National Health Interview Survey (2004-2018). METHODS Participants (N = 359,019) self-reported aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity and sleep duration. They were categorized as "meeting both"/"meeting PA only"/"meeting sleep only"/"meeting neither" of the 2018 US PA guidelines and age-based sleep duration recommendations. Trends in activity-sleep patterns were analyzed using weighted multinomial logistic regression, and correlates were identified using weighted binary Poisson regressions, with P ≤ .001 considered significant. RESULTS "Meet sleep only" was most prevalent (46.4%) by 2018, followed by "meet neither" (30.3%), "meet both" (15.6%), and "meet PA only" (7.7%). Many significant sociodemographic, biological, and health-behavior correlates of the activity-sleep groups were identified, and the direction and magnitude of these associations differed between groups. CONCLUSIONS Public health campaigns should emphasize the importance of both sufficient PA and sleep; target women and older adults, current smokers, and those with lower education and poorer physical and mental health; and consider specific barriers experienced by minority ethnic groups.
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Gupta CC, Vincent GE, Coates AM, Khalesi S, Irwin C, Dorrian J, Ferguson SA. A Time to Rest, a Time to Dine: Sleep, Time-Restricted Eating, and Cardiometabolic Health. Nutrients 2022; 14:420. [PMID: 35276787 PMCID: PMC8840563 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a serious health and economic burden worldwide. Modifiable lifestyle factors are a focus of research into reducing the burden of CVD, with diet as one of the most investigated factors. Specifically, the timing and regularity of food intake is an emerging research area, with approaches such as time-restricted eating (TRE) receiving much attention. TRE involves shortening the time available to eat across the day and is associated with improved CVD outcomes compared with longer eating windows. However, studies that have examined TRE have not considered the impact of sleep on CVD outcomes despite recent evidence showing that sleep duration can influence the timing and amount of food eaten. In this article, we argue that as TRE and sleep influence each other, and influence the same cardiometabolic parameters, experiencing inadequate sleep may attenuate any positive impact TRE has on CVD. We examine the relationship between TRE and CVD, with sleep as a potential mediator in this relationship, and propose a research agenda to investigate this relationship. This will provide necessary evidence to inform future interventions aimed at reducing the burden of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte C. Gupta
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5034, Australia; (G.E.V.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Grace E. Vincent
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5034, Australia; (G.E.V.); (S.A.F.)
| | - Alison M. Coates
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA) Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia;
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, UniSA Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5072, Australia;
| | - Saman Khalesi
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Brisbane 4000, Australia;
| | - Christopher Irwin
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia;
| | - Jillian Dorrian
- Behaviour-Brain-Body Research Centre, UniSA Justice and Society, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5072, Australia;
| | - Sally A. Ferguson
- Appleton Institute, Central Queensland University, Adelaide 5034, Australia; (G.E.V.); (S.A.F.)
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