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Sá AK, Olímpio F, Vasconcelos J, Rosa P, Faria Neto HC, Rocha C, Camacho MF, Barcick U, Zelanis A, Aimbire F. Involvement of GPR43 Receptor in Effect of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus on Murine Steroid Resistant Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Relevance to Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and Oxidative Stress in Human Macrophages. Nutrients 2024; 16:1509. [PMID: 38794746 PMCID: PMC11124176 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokine storm and oxidative stress are present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Individuals with COPD present high levels of NF-κB-associated cytokines and pro-oxidant agents as well as low levels of Nrf2-associated antioxidants. This condition creates a steroid-resistant inflammatory microenvironment. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (Lr) is a known anti-cytokine in lung diseases; however, the effect of Lr on lung inflammation and oxidative stress in steroid-resistant COPD mice remains unknown. OBJECTIVE Thus, we investigated the Lr effect on lung inflammation and oxidative stress in mice and macrophages exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and unresponsive to steroids. METHODS Mice and macrophages received dexamethasone or GLPG-094 (a GPR43 inhibitor), and only the macrophages received butyrate (but), all treatments being given before CSE. Lung inflammation was evaluated from the leukocyte population, airway remodeling, cytokines, and NF-κB. Oxidative stress disturbance was measured from ROS, 8-isoprostane, NADPH oxidase, TBARS, SOD, catalase, HO-1, and Nrf2. RESULTS Lr attenuated cellularity, mucus, collagen, cytokines, ROS, 8-isoprostane, NADPH oxidase, and TBARS. Otherwise, SOD, catalase, HO-1, and Nrf2 were upregulated in Lr-treated COPD mice. Anti-cytokine and antioxidant effects of butyrate also occurred in CSE-exposed macrophages. GLPG-094 rendered Lr and butyrate less effective. CONCLUSIONS Lr attenuates lung inflammation and oxidative stress in COPD mice, suggesting the presence of a GPR43 receptor-dependent mechanism also found in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Karolina Sá
- Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro De Toledo 720–2 Andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04039-002, Brazil; (A.K.S.); (F.O.); (J.V.); (P.R.)
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Talim, 330, Vila Nair, São José dos Campos 12231-280, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Olímpio
- Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro De Toledo 720–2 Andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04039-002, Brazil; (A.K.S.); (F.O.); (J.V.); (P.R.)
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Talim, 330, Vila Nair, São José dos Campos 12231-280, Brazil
| | - Jessica Vasconcelos
- Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro De Toledo 720–2 Andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04039-002, Brazil; (A.K.S.); (F.O.); (J.V.); (P.R.)
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Talim, 330, Vila Nair, São José dos Campos 12231-280, Brazil
| | - Paloma Rosa
- Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro De Toledo 720–2 Andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04039-002, Brazil; (A.K.S.); (F.O.); (J.V.); (P.R.)
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Talim, 330, Vila Nair, São José dos Campos 12231-280, Brazil
| | - Hugo Caire Faria Neto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro 4036, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Rocha
- Medical School, Group of Phytocomplexes and Cell Signaling, Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos 04039-002, Brazil;
| | - Maurício Frota Camacho
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos 12231-280, Brazil; (M.F.C.); (U.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Uilla Barcick
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos 12231-280, Brazil; (M.F.C.); (U.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Andre Zelanis
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos 12231-280, Brazil; (M.F.C.); (U.B.); (A.Z.)
| | - Flavio Aimbire
- Department of Medicine, Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro De Toledo 720–2 Andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo 04039-002, Brazil; (A.K.S.); (F.O.); (J.V.); (P.R.)
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Talim, 330, Vila Nair, São José dos Campos 12231-280, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Evangelical University of Goiás (UniEvangélica), Avenida Universitária Km 3,5, Anápolis 75083-515, Brazil
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Wang Y, Huang X, Luo G, Xu Y, Deng X, Lin Y, Wang Z, Zhou S, Wang S, Chen H, Tao T, He L, Yang L, Yang L, Chen Y, Jin Z, He C, Han Z, Zhang X. The aging lung: microenvironment, mechanisms, and diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383503. [PMID: 38756780 PMCID: PMC11096524 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of global social economy and the deepening of the aging population, diseases related to aging have received increasing attention. The pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases remains unclear, and lung aging is an independent risk factor for respiratory diseases. The aging mechanism of the lung may be involved in the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases. Aging-induced immune, oxidative stress, inflammation, and telomere changes can directly induce and promote the occurrence and development of lung aging. Meanwhile, the occurrence of lung aging also further aggravates the immune stress and inflammatory response of respiratory diseases; the two mutually affect each other and promote the development of respiratory diseases. Explaining the mechanism and treatment direction of these respiratory diseases from the perspective of lung aging will be a new idea and research field. This review summarizes the changes in pulmonary microenvironment, metabolic mechanisms, and the progression of respiratory diseases associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Xuewen Huang
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guofeng Luo
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunying Xu
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiqian Deng
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yumeng Lin
- Eye School of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhanzhan Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Shuwei Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Lei He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Luchuan Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences (Sichuan Second Hospital of T.C.M), Chengdu, China
| | - Yutong Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zi Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Rehabilitation, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengshi He
- Department of Respiratory, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyu Han
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine Center, Sichuan Province People’s Hospital University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Khalil BA, Sharif-Askari NS, Halwani R. Role of inflammasome in severe, steroid-resistant asthma. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 4:100061. [PMID: 37304814 PMCID: PMC10250931 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2023.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose of review Asthma is a common heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory diseases with different pathological phenotypes classified based on the various clinical, physiological and immunobiological profiles of patients. Despite similar clinical symptoms, asthmatic patients may respond differently to treatment. Hence, asthma research is becoming more focused on deciphering the molecular and cellular pathways driving the different asthma endotypes. This review focuses on the role of inflammasome activation as one important mechanism reported in the pathogenesis of severe steroid resistant asthma (SSRA), a Th2-low asthma endotype. Although SSRA represents around 5-10% of asthmatic patients, it is responsible for the majority of asthma morbidity and more than 50% of asthma associated healthcare costs with clear unmet need. Therefore, deciphering the role of the inflammasome in SSRA pathogenesis, particularly in relation to neutrophil chemotaxis to the lungs, provides a novel target for therapy. Recent findings The literature highlighted several activators of inflammasomes that are elevated during SSRA and result in the release of proinflammatory mediators, mainly IL-1β and IL-18, through different signaling pathways. Consequently, the expression of NLRP3 and IL-1β is shown to be positively correlated with neutrophil recruitment and negatively correlated with airflow obstruction. Furthermore, exaggerated NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β activation is reported to be associated with glucocorticoid resistance. Summary In this review, we summarized the reported literature on the activators of the inflammasome during SSRA, the role of IL-1β and IL-18 in SSRA pathogenesis, and the pathways by which inflammasome activation contributes to steroid resistance. Finally, our review shed light on the different levels to target inflammasome involvement in an attempt to ameliorate the serious outcomes of SSRA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariaa A. Khalil
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Khazdair MR, Boskabady MH. Possible Treatment Approaches of Sulfur Mustard-Induced Lung Disorders, Experimental and Clinical Evidence, an Updated Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:791914. [PMID: 35572987 PMCID: PMC9106304 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.791914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is one of the major potent chemical warfare that caused the death of victims in World War I and the Iraq-Iran conflict (1980-1988). The respiratory system is the main target of SM exposure and there are no definitive therapeutic modalities for SM-induced lung injury. The effects of the new pharmaceutical drugs on lung injury induced by SM exposure were summarized in this review. Literature review on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases was performed to find papers that reported new treatment approach on SM-exposure-induced injury in the respiratory system until October 2019. The search was restricted to sulfur mustard AND induced injury (in vitro studies, animal experiments, and clinical trials) AND respiratory system OR lung, AND treatment in all fields. Two hundred and eighty-three relevant articles were identified that 97 retrieved articles were eligible and were included in the review. Some new pharmaceutical drugs have shown therapeutic potential in controlling various characteristics of lung injury due to SM exposure. Recent studies showed therapeutic effects of mucolytic drugs, non-steroidal drugs, and antibiotics on reducing lung inflammation, oxidative stress responses, and modulating of the immune system as well as improving of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function tests. Studies on the therapeutic effects of new agents with amelioration or treatment of SM-induced lung injury were reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Menzella F, Ghidoni G, Fontana M, Capobelli S, Livrieri F, Castagnetti C, Facciolongo N. The role of systemic corticosteroids in severe asthma and new evidence in their management and tapering. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:1283-1299. [PMID: 34761712 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.2004123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Based on the latest literature evidence, between 30% and 60% of adults with severe refractory asthma (SRA) are systemic corticosteroid (SCS) dependent. There are numerous therapeutic options in asthma, which are often not effective in severe forms. In these cases, SCS should be considered, but it is increasingly recognized that their regular use is often associated with significant and potentially serious adverse events. AREAS COVERED The aim of this article is to provide an update about the recent and significant literature on SCS and to establish their role in the management of SRA. We summarized the most important and recent evidence and we provided useful indications for clinicians. EXPERT OPINION There is now strong evidence supporting the increased risk of comorbidities and complications with long-term SCS therapies, regardless of the dose. New evidence on SCS tapering and withdrawal will allow to define protocols to address SCS management with greater safety and effectiveness, after starting efficient steroid-sparing strategies. In the next 5years, it will be necessary to implement corrective actions to address these unmet needs, to reduce the inappropriate use of SCS by maximizing the application of more innovative and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Menzella
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pulmonology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL Di Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giulia Ghidoni
- University Hospital of Modena, 208968,Respiratory Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Fontana
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pulmonology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL Di Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Silvia Capobelli
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pulmonology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL Di Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Livrieri
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pulmonology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL Di Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Claudia Castagnetti
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pulmonology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL Di Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Nicola Facciolongo
- Department of Medical Specialties, Pulmonology Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, Azienda USL Di Reggio Emilia - IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Identification of early and intermediate biomarkers for ARDS mortality by multi-omic approaches. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18874. [PMID: 34556700 PMCID: PMC8460799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of successful clinical trials in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has highlighted the unmet need for biomarkers predicting ARDS mortality and for novel therapeutics to reduce ARDS mortality. We utilized a systems biology multi-“omics” approach to identify predictive biomarkers for ARDS mortality. Integrating analyses were designed to differentiate ARDS non-survivors and survivors (568 subjects, 27% overall 28-day mortality) using datasets derived from multiple ‘omics’ studies in a multi-institution ARDS cohort (54% European descent, 40% African descent). ‘Omics’ data was available for each subject and included genome-wide association studies (GWAS, n = 297), RNA sequencing (n = 93), DNA methylation data (n = 61), and selective proteomic network analysis (n = 240). Integration of available “omic” data identified a 9-gene set (TNPO1, NUP214, HDAC1, HNRNPA1, GATAD2A, FOSB, DDX17, PHF20, CREBBP) that differentiated ARDS survivors/non-survivors, results that were validated utilizing a longitudinal transcription dataset. Pathway analysis identified TP53-, HDAC1-, TGF-β-, and IL-6-signaling pathways to be associated with ARDS mortality. Predictive biomarker discovery identified transcription levels of the 9-gene set (AUC-0.83) and Day 7 angiopoietin 2 protein levels as potential candidate predictors of ARDS mortality (AUC-0.70). These results underscore the value of utilizing integrated “multi-omics” approaches in underpowered datasets from racially diverse ARDS subjects.
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Schuliga M, Read J, Knight DA. Ageing mechanisms that contribute to tissue remodeling in lung disease. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101405. [PMID: 34242806 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for chronic respiratory diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and certain phenotypes of asthma. The recent COVID-19 pandemic also highlights the increased susceptibility of the elderly to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a diffuse inflammatory lung injury with often long-term effects (ie parenchymal fibrosis). Collectively, these lung conditions are characterized by a pathogenic reparative process that, rather than restoring organ function, contributes to structural and functional tissue decline. In the ageing lung, the homeostatic control of wound healing following challenge or injury has an increased likelihood of being perturbed, increasing susceptibility to disease. This loss of fidelity is a consequence of a diverse range of underlying ageing mechanisms including senescence, mitochondrial dysfunction, proteostatic stress and diminished autophagy that occur within the lung, as well as in other tissues, organs and systems of the body. These ageing pathways are highly interconnected, involving localized and systemic increases in inflammatory mediators and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs); along with corresponding changes in immune cell function, metabolism and composition of the pulmonary and gut microbiomes. Here we comprehensively review the roles of ageing mechanisms in the tissue remodeling of lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schuliga
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jane Read
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Darryl A Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia; Providence Health Care Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Jenkins CR, Wen FQ, Martin A, Barnes PJ, Celli B, Zhong NS, Zheng JP, Scaria A, Di Tanna GL, Bradbury T, Berend N. The effect of low-dose corticosteroids and theophylline on the risk of acute exacerbations of COPD: the TASCS randomised controlled trial. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.03338-2020. [PMID: 33334939 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03338-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The highest burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) occurs in low- and middle-income countries. Low-cost oral medications, if effective, could enable affordable, accessible COPD treatment. METHODS In this randomised, three-arm, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled study conducted in 37 centres in China, symptomatic patients with moderate to very severe COPD were randomised 1:1:1 to placebo twice daily plus placebo once daily, low-dose theophylline 100 mg twice daily plus placebo once daily or low-dose theophylline 100 mg twice daily plus low-dose oral prednisone 5 mg once daily for 48 weeks. The primary end-point was annualised exacerbation rate. RESULTS 1670 subjects were randomised and 1242 completed the study (1142 with acceptable data at week 48). Subjects (75.7% male) had a mean age of 64.4 years, with mean±sd baseline post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) 1.1±0.4 L (42.2% predicted) and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) score 45.8±20.1. There were negligible differences between annualised exacerbation rates across the three treatments: 0.89 (95% CI 0.78-1.02) on theophylline plus prednisone, 0.86 (95% CI 0.75-0.99) on theophylline plus placebo and 1.00 (95% CI 0.87-1.14) on placebo. The rate ratio for theophylline plus prednisone versus pooled theophylline plus placebo and placebo was 0.96 (95% CI 0.83-1.12), for theophylline plus placebo versus placebo was 0.87 (95% CI 0.73-1.03; p=0.101) and for theophylline plus prednisone versus placebo was 0.90 (95% CI 0.76-1.06; p=0.201). Secondary outcomes of hospitalisations, FEV1, SGRQ and COPD Assessment Test score showed no statistically significant difference between treatment arms. Serious adverse events other than exacerbations were <2% and did not differ between treatment arms. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose theophylline alone or in combination with prednisone did not reduce exacerbation rates or clinically important secondary end-points compared with placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Jenkins
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia .,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Fu-Qiang Wen
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Allison Martin
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter J Barnes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bartolome Celli
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nan-Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Ping Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Centre for Respiratory Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anish Scaria
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gian-Luca Di Tanna
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas Bradbury
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Norbert Berend
- The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Mehndiratta S, Chen MC, Chao YH, Lee CH, Liou JP, Lai MJ, Lee HY. Effect of 3-subsitution of quinolinehydroxamic acids on selectivity of histone deacetylase isoforms. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:74-84. [PMID: 33161799 PMCID: PMC7655065 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1839446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 3-subsituted quinolinehydroxamic acids has been synthesised and evaluated for their effect on human lung cancer cell line (A549), human colorectal cancer cell line (HCT116) and HDAC isoforms 1, 2, 6, and 8. The results indicated that substitution at C3 of quinoline is favoured for HDAC6 selectivity. Two compounds (25 and 26) were also found to be potent anti-proliferative compounds with IC50 values ranging from 1.29 to 2.13 µM against A549 and HCT116 cells. These compounds displayed remarkable selectivity for HDAC6 over other HDAC isoforms with nanomolar IC50 values. Western blot analysis revealed that compounds of this series activate apoptotic caspase pathway as indicated by cleavage of caspase 3, 8, and 9 and also increase phosphorylated H2AX thus inducing DNA double strand fragmentation in a concentration dependent manner. Flow cytometric analysis also displayed a dose dependent increase of cell population in sub G1 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Mehndiratta
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chuan Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Traditional Herbal Medicine Research Center of Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Hsuan Chao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jung Lai
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Yun Lee
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Wang N, Peng YJ, Su X, Prabhakar NR, Nanduri J. Histone Deacetylase 5 Is an Early Epigenetic Regulator of Intermittent Hypoxia Induced Sympathetic Nerve Activation and Blood Pressure. Front Physiol 2021; 12:688322. [PMID: 34079475 PMCID: PMC8165245 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.688322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Long term IH (LT-IH) triggers epigenetic reprogramming of the redox state involving DNA hypermethylation in the carotid body chemo reflex pathway resulting in persistent sympathetic activation and hypertension. Present study examined whether IH also activates epigenetic mechanism(s) other than DNA methylation. Histone modification by lysine acetylation is another major epigenetic mechanism associated with gene regulation. Equilibrium between the activities of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) determine the level of lysine acetylation. Here we report that exposure of rat pheochromocytoma (PC)-12 cells to IH in vitro exhibited reduced HDAC enzyme activity due to proteasomal degradation of HDAC3 and HDAC5 proteins. Mechanistic investigations showed that IH-evoked decrease in HDAC activity increases lysine acetylation of α subunit of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α as well as Histone (H3) protein resulting in increased HIF-1 transcriptional activity. Trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of HDACs, mimicked the effects of IH. Studies on rats treated with 10 days of IH or TSA showed reduced HDAC activity, HDAC5 protein, and increased HIF-1 dependent NADPH oxidase (NOX)-4 transcription in adrenal medullae (AM) resulting in elevated plasma catecholamines and blood pressure. Likewise, heme oxygenase (HO)-2 null mice, which exhibit IH because of high incidence of spontaneous apneas (apnea index 72 ± 1.2 apnea/h), also showed decreased HDAC activity and HDAC5 protein in the AM along with elevated circulating norepinephrine levels. These findings demonstrate that lysine acetylation of histone and non-histone proteins is an early epigenetic mechanism associated with sympathetic nerve activation and hypertension in rodent models of IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ying-Jie Peng
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiaoyu Su
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nanduri R Prabhakar
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jayasri Nanduri
- Institute for Integrative Physiology, Center for Systems Biology of O2 Sensing, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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11
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Sar P, Dalai S. CRISPR/Cas9 in epigenetics studies of health and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2021; 181:309-343. [PMID: 34127198 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics is the heritable phenotypic changes without altering the genotype. Epigenetic processes are such as histone methylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, phosphorylation, ADP ribosylation, DNA methylation and non-coding RNAs interactions associated with structural changes in chromatin. The change of structure is either open chromatin for "active" state or closed chromatin for "inactive" state, that regulates important biological phenomenon like chromatin condensation, gene expression, DNA repair, cellular development, differentiation and homeostasis, etc. However, dysregulation of epigenetic patterns causes diseases like cancer, diabetes, neurological disorder, infectious diseases, autoimmunity etc. Besides, the most important clinical uses of Epigenetics studies are i. identification of disease biomarkers and ii. development of their therapeutics. Epigenetic therapies include epi-drugs, combinatorial therapy, nanocarriers, plant-derived products that are being used for changing the epigenetic pattern to reverse gene expression. However, the developed epi- drugs cause off-target gene and transposable elements activation; promote mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in normal cells, are the major hurdles regarding their clinical use. Therefore, advanced epigenetic therapeutics are required to develop target-specific epigenetic modifications to reverse gene expression pattern. CRISPR-Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Palindrome Repeats-associated protein 9) system-mediated gene activation mechanism paves new methods of target-specific epigenetic therapeutics to cure diseases. In this chapter, we discuss how CRISPR/Cas9 and dCas9 have recently been engineered for epigenome editing. Different strategies have been discussed used for epigenome editing based on their efficacy and complexity. Last but not least we have discussed the limitations, different uses of CRISPR/Cas9 and dCas9 in the area of genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranati Sar
- Institute of Science, NIRMA University, Ahmedabad, India.
| | - Sarat Dalai
- Institute of Science, NIRMA University, Ahmedabad, India.
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12
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Bossardi Ramos R, Adam AP. Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Damage During Lung Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:95-107. [PMID: 34019265 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A variety of pulmonary and systemic insults promote an inflammatory response causing increased vascular permeability, leading to the development of acute lung injury (ALI), a condition necessitating hospitalization and intensive care, or the more severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a disease with a high mortality rate. Further, COVID-19 pandemic-associated ARDS is now a major cause of mortality worldwide. The pathogenesis of ALI is explained by injury to both the vascular endothelium and the alveolar epithelium. The disruption of the lung endothelial and epithelial barriers occurs in response to both systemic and local production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Studies that evaluate the association of genetic polymorphisms with disease risk did not yield many potential therapeutic targets to treat and revert lung injury. This failure is probably due in part to the phenotypic complexity of ALI/ARDS, and genetic predisposition may be obscured by the multiple environmental and behavioral risk factors. In the last decade, new research has uncovered novel epigenetic mechanisms that control ALI/ARDS pathogenesis, including histone modifications and DNA methylation. Enzyme inhibitors such as DNMTi and HDACi may offer new alternative strategies to prevent or reverse the vascular damage that occurs during lung injury. This review will focus on the latest findings on the molecular mechanisms of vascular damage in ALI/ARDS, the genetic factors that might contribute to the susceptibility for developing this disease, and the epigenetic changes observed in humans, as well as in experimental models of ALI/ADRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Bossardi Ramos
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Alejandro Pablo Adam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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13
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Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is associated with increased senescent lymphocytes in the small airways. J Heart Lung Transplant 2020; 40:108-119. [PMID: 33317956 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunosuppression therapy is ineffective at preventing bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), primarily a disease of the small airways (SAs). Our previous reports show increased senescent CD28null T and natural killer T (NKT)-like cells in the peripheral blood of patients with BOS and increased cytotoxic, proinflammatory lymphocytes in the SAs. We hypothesized that the cytotoxic, proinflammatory lymphocytes in the SAs would be steroid-resistant senescent CD28null lymphocytes. METHODS Intracellular cytotoxic mediator granzyme B, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α proinflammatory cytokines, and CD28 were measured in the blood, bronchoalveolar lavage, large airway, and SA brushing T and NKT-like cells from 10 patients with BOS, 11 stable lung transplant recipients, and 10 healthy age-matched controls. SA brushings were cultured in the presence of ±1 µmol/liter prednisolone, ±5 mg/liter theophylline, and ±2.5 ng/ml cyclosporine A, and IFN-γ and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines were assessed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Increased SA CD28null T and NKT-like cells were identified in patients with BOS compared with that in the controls and stable transplant recipients. Loss of CD28 was associated with increased T and NKT-like cells expressing granzyme B, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. Loss of CD28 expression by CD8+ T cells was significantly associated with forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (R = 0.655, p = 0.006) and with time after transplantation (R = -0.552, p = 0.041). Treatment with prednisolone + theophylline + cyclosporin A inhibited IFN-γ and TNF-α production by SA CD28null CD8+ T and NKT-like cells additively. CONCLUSIONS BOS is associated with the loss of CD28 in SA cytotoxic, proinflammatory senescent T and NKT-like lymphocytes. Treatment options that target the proinflammatory nature of these cells in the SAs may improve graft survival.
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Steroid Responsiveness in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - Predictive Value of Epigenetic Regulator Histone Deacetylase 2. Indian J Pediatr 2020; 87:692-698. [PMID: 32314166 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To find the role of an epigenetic regulator histone deacetylase (HDAC-2) in predicting steroid responsiveness in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from three milliliters of venous blood sample of patients with DMD for estimation of HDAC-2 levels. The patients were then given prednisolone at 0.75 mg/kg/d and followed up for response. Improvement in muscle power and timed function tests were evaluated 2 monthly for 6 mo. Side- effects of steroids were also noted. RESULTS HDAC-2 values showed a linear correlation with improvement in muscle power at 6 mo as reflected in direct assessment and in various functional tests. When ≥3 point change from baseline was considered in power of various muscle groups at 6 mo as cut off to distinguish good responders (GR) from poor responders (PR) of steroid, a HDAC-2 value of ≥4.40 seemed to be 92.6% sensitive and 100% specific to distinguish GRs. CONCLUSIONS The degree of improvement in power and various timed function tests at 6 mo could be predicted from the HDAC-2 value of the individual patient recorded at baseline. HDAC-2 levels at baseline might be a good biomarker for predicting steroid response in patients with DMD.
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15
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Wu D, Gu B, Qian Y, Sun Y, Chen Y, Mao ZD, Shi YJ, Zhang Q. Long non-coding RNA growth arrest specific-5: a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of severe asthma. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:1960-1971. [PMID: 32642099 PMCID: PMC7330345 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of severe asthma (SA) is difficult due to a necessary long-term treatment history currently, while there are few studies on biomarkers in the diagnosis of SA. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest specific-5 (GAS5) has the potential of playing this role because its binding with glucocorticoid receptor (GR). The purpose of this article is to explore the possibility of lncRNA GAS5 acting as a biomarker for early diagnosis of severe asthma (SA). Methods Peripheral blood was obtained from healthy volunteers, patients with non-severe asthma (nSA) and SA, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were separated. Twenty-four female BALB/c mice (aged 6 weeks) were randomly and averagely divided into 3 groups, i.e., control group, asthma group and dexamethasone group. The mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish a murine model of steroid-insensitive asthma. Human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) were cultured, transfected with miR-9 mimics, JNK1 inhibitor and treated with interleukin (IL)-2 + IL-4 and dexamethasone. Western blot was used to detect glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation at serine 226 (GRser226), and quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect GAS5 level. Results The level of GAS5 in PBMCs from nSA group elevated 20-fold higher after dexamethasone treatment in vitro, while it reduced 15-fold lower in SA group (P<0.001). The expression of GRser226 in PBMCs from SA group was significantly higher than that from control group and nSA group after dexamethasone treatment (P<0.001). In the lung tissue of mice, the GAS5 level of dexamethasone group was lower than that of asthma group (P<0.001) and control group (P<0.05). Both treatment with IL-2 + IL-4 and transfection of miR-9 mimics could increase the expression of GRser226 in HBECs (P<0.001). The GAS5 level in HBECs after IL-2 + IL-4 + Dexamethasone treatment was lower than that in HBECs only treated with IL-2 + IL-4 (P<0.001). Similarly, dexamethasone treatment also decreased the level of GAS5 in HBECs transfected with miR-9 mimics (P<0.05). Moreover, transfecting with JNK1 inhibitor could reverse the expression of GAS5 in HBECs transfected with miR-9 mimics and treated with dexamethasone. However, the level of GAS5 in HBECs interfered with IL-2 + IL-4 + Dexamethasone was not affected by JNK1 inhibitor. Conclusions The expression of GAS5 is different in PBMCs between nSA and SA, and is affected by glucocorticoids treatment, which is due to GRser226 phosphorylation. GAS5 can be used as a potential biomarker for diagnosis of severe asthma by comparing GAS5 level in PBMCs from patients before and after glucocorticoids treatment in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Zheng-Dao Mao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Yu-Jia Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
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16
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Tang CY, Tang SL, Huang KF, Xu J, Yu H, Lin L. Jian-Pi-Yi-Fei granule suppresses airway inflammation in mice induced by cigarette smoke condensate and lipopolysaccharide. Indian J Pharmacol 2020; 51:263-268. [PMID: 31571713 PMCID: PMC6759528 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_105_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: As a chronic, progressive, and lethal pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is lacking effective treatment. Chronic inflammatory processes, including inflammatory cytokines, play an important role with in its pathogenesis. Jianpiyifei (JPYF) granule is a traditional Chinese herbal formula historically used to strengthen the spleen and tonify the lung. JPYF is used clinically to treat stable COPD. However, whether the purported anti-inflammatory effect of JPYF in COPD involves regulation of key inflammatory cytokines is not clear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The mice model of pulmonary inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). The influence of JPYF on airway inflammation in vivo was investigated. Mice were divided into three groups: control, model, and treatment groups. In the CSC + LPS model group and JPYF treatment group, intratracheal injection of CSC and LPS was used to induce airway inflammation for 5 days. JPYF group animals were also orally administered 5.5 g/kg JPYF granule for 12 days. RESULTS: The number of neutrophils and total cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the JPYF group were markedly lower than in the model group. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1 β and IL-6 were lower; tumor necrosis factor-alpha was downregulated, and IL-10 was higher in the JPYF group than the model group. In the JPYF group, histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) activity and protein expression were restored. CONCLUSION: The anti-inflammatory activity of JPYF involves the suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced IL-10 secretion, and the restoration of HDAC2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui-Ying Tang
- Department of Respiratory, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Li Tang
- Department of Pharmacochemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai-Feng Huang
- Department of Respiratory, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Respiratory, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Respiratory, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Respiratory, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Wadhwa R, Dua K, Adcock IM, Horvat JC, Kim RY, Hansbro PM. Cellular mechanisms underlying steroid-resistant asthma. Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/153/190096. [PMID: 31636089 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0096-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe steroid-resistant asthma is clinically important, as patients with this form of the disease do not respond to mainstay corticosteroid therapies. The heterogeneity of this form of asthma and poor understanding of the pathological mechanisms involved hinder the identification of therapeutic targets and the development of more effective therapies. A major limiting factor in the understanding of severe steroid-resistant asthma is the existence of multiple endotypes represented by different immunological and inflammatory phenotypes, particularly in adults. Several clinical and experimental studies have revealed associations between specific respiratory infections and steroid-resistant asthma in adults. Here, we discuss recent findings from other authors as well as our own studies that have developed novel experimental models for interrogating the association between respiratory infections and severe steroid-resistant asthma. These models have enabled the identification of new therapies using macrolides, as well as several novel disease mechanisms, including the microRNA-21/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/histone deacetylase 2 axis and NLRP3 inflammasomes, and highlight the potential of these mechanisms as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridhima Wadhwa
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Kamal Dua
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Ian M Adcock
- The Airways Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jay C Horvat
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Richard Y Kim
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip M Hansbro
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia.,Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Cheng Q, Shang Y, Huang W, Zhang Q, Li X, Zhou Q. p300 mediates the histone acetylation of ORMDL3 to affect airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105885. [PMID: 31536903 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchial asthma is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. The orosomucoid 1-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) gene is related to childhood asthma and is involved in airway inflammation and airway remodeling. The ORMDL3 promoter contains binding sites for the histone acetylase p300. Gene expression can be affected by epigenetic modifications. This study aimed to investigate whether the p300-mediated histone acetylation (HAT) of ORMDL3 gene affects airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma. METHODS 16HBE14o- cells were transfected with various concentrations of a wild-type p300 plasmid or p300HAT-deletion plasmids. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the effect of p300-mediated HAT on the ORMDL3 promoter. Thirty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a control group, an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma group and an asthma + C646 (a selective inhibitor of p300) group. Noninvasive lung function tests were conducted to examine airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in the different groups. HE and Masson's trichrome staining was performed to examine airway remodeling and inflammation. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting and real-time PCR were used to analyze ORMDL3 expression in lung tissues. ELISA and western blotting were used to evaluate the HAT status in lung tissue. The ChIP assay was used to determine the relationship of the ORMDL3 promoter to p300 or acetylated histone H3 (aceH3). RESULTS p300 activated transcription from the ORMDL3 promoter, resulting in an increase in endogenous ORMDL3 mRNA levels. ORMDL3 promoter activity was reduced when the HAT activity of p300 was lost. ORMDL3 expression was elevated, and HAT activity was high in the lung tissues of asthmatic mice. p300 and aceH3 bound to the promoter region of ORMDL3. In the asthma group, the amounts of p300 and aceH3 recruited to the ORMDL3 promoter were increased. C646 inhibited p300 expression and reduced HAT activity and aceH3 levels in asthmatic mice, thereby reducing ORMDL3 expression and relieving AHR and airway remodeling. CONCLUSION p300-mediated HAT modulates the expression of the asthma susceptibility gene ORMDL3, thereby improving the process of airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cheng
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36th Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36th Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
| | - Wanjie Huang
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36th Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Qinzhen Zhang
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36th Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36th Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Qianlan Zhou
- Pediatric Pulmonology Department, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, 36th Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang 110004, PR China
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Sharma M, Jha P, Verma P, Chopra M. Combined comparative molecular field analysis, comparative molecular similarity indices analysis, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies of histone deacetylase 6 inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 93:910-925. [PMID: 30667160 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Human histone deacetylase isoform 6 (HDAC6) has been shown to have an immense role in cell motility and aggresome formation and is being an attractive selective target for the treatment of multiple tumour types and neurodegenerative conditions. The discovery of selective HDAC6 inhibitors with new chemical functionalities is therefore of utmost interest to researchers. In order to examine the structural requirements for HDAC6-specific inhibitors and to derive predictive model which can be used for designing new selective HDAC6 inhibitors, a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship study was carried out on a diverse set of ligands using common feature-based pharmacophore alignment followed by employing comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) techniques. The models displayed high correlation of 0.978 and 0.991 for best CoMFA and CoMSIA models, respectively, and a good statistical significance. The model could be used for predicting activities of the test set compounds as well as for deriving useful information regarding steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic properties of the molecules used in this study. Further, the training and test set molecules were docked into the HDAC6 binding site and molecular dynamics was carried out to suggest structural requirements for design of new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sharma
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Prakash Jha
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Verma
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Madhu Chopra
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Anticancer Drug Development, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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20
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Kovacs L, Kovacs-Kasa A, Verin AD, Fulton D, Lucas R, Su Y. Histone deacetylases in vascular permeability and remodeling associated with acute lung injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 32099966 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2018.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe progressive disorder that arises from a wide range of causes such as toxins or inflammation, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. There are no effective therapeutic options apart from mechanical ventilation strategies. While the mechanisms that govern the clinically relevant process of increased EC permeability and remodeling associated with ALI are under intense investigation, our knowledge of the processes that determine barrier enhancement or preservation are far from completion. Recently, epigenetic mechanisms have emerged as a major regulator of enduring changes in cell behavior and the therapeutic potential of inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDACs) for the treatment of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases has gained remarkable attention. Although HDACs have been shown to play an important role in regulating EC barrier function, the involved HDAC subtypes and mechanisms remain undefined. Further investigation of the HDAC signaling may provide therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Kovacs
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | | | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - David Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912.,Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia 30912
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21
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Fardi M, Solali S, Farshdousti Hagh M. Epigenetic mechanisms as a new approach in cancer treatment: An updated review. Genes Dis 2018; 5:304-311. [PMID: 30591931 PMCID: PMC6303480 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic, along with genetic mechanisms, is essential for natural evolution and maintenance of specific patterns of gene expression in mammalians. Global epigenetic variation is inherited somatically and unlike genetic variation, it is dynamic and reversible. They are somatically associated with known genetic variations. Recent studies indicate the broad role of epigenetic mechanisms in the initiation and development of cancers, that they are including DNA methylation, histone modifications, nucleosomes changes, non-coding RNAs. The reversible nature of epigenetic changes has led to the emergence of novel epigenetic therapeutic approaches, so that several types of these medications have been approved by the FDA so far. In this review, we discuss the concept of epigenetic changes in diseases, especially cancers, the role of these changes in the onset and progression of cancers and the potential of using this knowledge in designing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Fardi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Division of Hematology and Blood Transfusion Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Solali
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran.,Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
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22
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Matera MG, Calzetta L, Gritti G, Gallo L, Perfetto B, Donnarumma G, Cazzola M, Rogliani P, Donniacuo M, Rinaldi B. Role of statins and mevalonate pathway on impaired HDAC2 activity induced by oxidative stress in human airway epithelial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 832:114-119. [PMID: 29782855 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the inflammatory response is often steroid-resistant, likely since oxidative stress and cigarette smoking impair histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) activity. Since it has been demonstrated that statins may restore the HDAC2 activity in cultured human endothelial cells, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of statins in reversing the steroid-resistance induced by oxidative stress. We evaluated the effects of simvastatin and dexamethasone on HDAC2 expression and activity, and the role of mevalonate and Rho/ROCK pathways in A549 cells, a human lung type II epithelial cell line stressed with H2O2. Our results documented that H2O2 significantly reduced the HDAC2 expression and activity. In H2O2 treated cells dexamethasone was unable to restore the activity of HDAC2, whereas simvastatin restored both the expression and the activity of this enzyme. Our data also showed that mevalonate reduced the activity of HDAC2 whereas Y27632, a Rho/ROCK inhibitor, had no effect on HDAC2 activity when co-administered with simvastatin. Our data suggest that statins could have the potential to restore corticosteroid sensitivity in A549 cells. The evidences of this study suggest that, although both mevalonate and Rho/ROCK pathways are involved in the detrimental effect elicited by oxidative stress, statins may restore the function and expression of depleted HDAC2 via modulating the mevalonate cascade, at least in A549 cells. In conclusion, the modulation of histone acetyltransferase/deacetylase activity may lead to the development of novel anti-inflammatory approaches to inflammatory lung diseases that are currently difficult to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giulia Gritti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Gallo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Brunella Perfetto
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Donnarumma
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Donniacuo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Barbara Rinaldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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23
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Xu Q, Liu X, Mei L, Wen Q, Chen J, Miao J, Lei H, Huang H, Chen D, Du S, Liu A, Zhang S, Zhou J, Deng R, Li Y, Li C, Li H. Paeonol Reduces the Nucleocytoplasmic Transportation of HMGB1 by Upregulating HDAC3 in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells. Inflammation 2018; 41:1536-1545. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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24
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Xia M, Xu H, Dai W, Zhu C, Wu L, Yan S, Ge X, Zhou W, Chen C, Dai Y. The role of HDAC2 in cigarette smoke-induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma and the effect of intervention with roxithromycin. J Asthma 2018; 55:337-344. [PMID: 28960099 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1337788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette smoke is well known to worsen asthma symptoms in asthmatic patients and to make them refractory to treatment, but the underling molecular mechanism is unclear. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke can reduce the expression of HDAC2 in asthma and the process was achieved by activating the PI3K-δ/Akt signaling pathway. We further hypothesized that roxithromycin (RXM) can alleviate the impacts by cigarette smoke. METHODS A murine model of asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA) and cigarette smoke has been established. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and inflammatory factors was examined in this model. Finally, we evaluated the expression of HDAC2, Akt phosphorylation levels, and the effects of RXM treatment on the model described earlier. RESULTS Cigarette smoke exposure reduced HDAC2 protein expression by enhancing the phosphorylation of Akt in PI3K-δ/Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, RMX reduced the airway inflammation and improved the level of expression of HDAC2 in the cigarette smoke-exposed asthma mice. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a novel insight into the mechanism of cigarette smoke exposure in asthma and the effects of RXM treatment on this condition. These results may be helpful for treating refractory asthma and emphasizing the need for a smoke-free environment for asthmatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Xia
- a Department of Pulmonary Medicine , Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Hangzhou , China
- b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Hui Xu
- b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Wei Dai
- b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Cong Zhu
- b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Liqin Wu
- b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Sunshun Yan
- b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Xiangting Ge
- b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Wangfeng Zhou
- b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
| | - Cuicui Chen
- c Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai , P.R. China
| | - Yuanrong Dai
- b Department of Pulmonary Medicine , the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University , Wenzhou , China
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25
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Abstract
Consolidation of contextual memories after a stressful encounter is essential for the survival of an organism and in allowing a more appropriate response to be elicited should the perceived threat reoccur. Recent evidence has explored the complex role that epigenetic mechanisms play in the formation of such memories, and the underlying signaling pathways are becoming more apparent. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been shown to play a key role in these events having both genomic and non-genomic actions in the brain. GR has been shown to interact with the extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK MAPK) signaling pathway which, in concert, drives epigenetic modifications and chromatin remodeling, resulting in gene induction and memory consolidation. Evidence indicates that stressful events can have an effect on the offspring in utero, and that epigenetic marks altered early in life may persist into adulthood. A new and controversial area of research, however, suggests that epigenetic modifications could be inherited through the germline, a concept known as transgenerational epigenetics. This review explores the role that epigenetic processes play in the central nervous system, specifically in the consolidation of stress-induced memories, the concept of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, and the potential role of epigenetics in revolutionizing the treatment of stress-related disorders through the emerging field of pharmacoepigenetics and personalized medical treatment.
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26
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Koopmans T, Eilers R, Menzen M, Halayko A, Gosens R. β-Catenin Directs Nuclear Factor-κB p65 Output via CREB-Binding Protein/p300 in Human Airway Smooth Muscle. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1086. [PMID: 28943877 PMCID: PMC5596077 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Catenin is a multifunctional protein that apart from its role in proliferative and differentiation events, also acts upon inflammatory processes, mainly via interaction with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). However, there is still controversy as to whether β-catenin facilitates or represses NF-κB output. Insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between β-catenin and NF-κB have highlighted the cofactors CREB-binding protein (CBP) and p300 as important candidates. Here, we hypothesized that the interaction of β-catenin with CBP/p300 directs NF-κB output. Using human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells, we found that β-catenin is essential in interleukin -1β (IL-1β)-mediated expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) by promoting nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB. These effects were independent from WNT pathway activation or other factors that promote β-catenin signaling. In the nucleus, inhibition of either the CBP- or p300-β-catenin interaction could regulate NF-κB output, by enhancing (CBP inhibition) or inhibiting (p300 inhibition) IL-1β-induced expression of IL-6, respectively. Acetylation of p65 by p300 likely underlies these events, as inhibition of the p300-β-catenin interaction diminished levels of acetylated p65 at lysine 310, thereby reducing p65 transcriptional activity. In conclusion, β-catenin is a critical component of NF-κB-mediated inflammation in human ASM, affecting transcriptional output by interacting with the nuclear cofactors CBP and p300. Targeting β-catenin may be an alternative strategy to treat airway inflammation in patients with airway disease, such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Koopmans
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Roos Eilers
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mark Menzen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Andrew Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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27
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Zhang H, He Y, Zhang G, Li X, Yan S, Hou N, Xiao Q, Huang Y, Luo M, Zhang G, Yi Q, Chen M, Luo J. HDAC2 is required by the physiological concentration of glucocorticoid to inhibit inflammation in cardiac fibroblasts. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1030-1038. [PMID: 28511026 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We previously suggested that endogenous glucocorticoids (GCs) may inhibit myocardial inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo. However, the possible cellular and molecular mechanisms were poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of physiological concentration of GCs in inflammation induced by LPS in cardiac fibroblasts and explored the possible mechanisms. The results showed that hydrocortisone at the dose of 127 ng/mL (equivalent to endogenous basal level of GCs) inhibited LPS (100 ng/mL)-induced productions of TNF-α and IL-1β in cardiac fibroblasts. Xanthine oxidase/xanthine (XO/X) system impaired the anti-inflammatory action of GCs through downregulating HDAC2 activity and expression. Knockdown of HDAC2 restrained the anti-inflammatory effects of physiological level of hydrocortisone, and blunted the ability of XO/X system to downregulate the inhibitory action of physiological level of hydrocortisone on cytokines. These results suggested that HDAC2 was required by the physiological concentration of GC to inhibit inflammatory response. The dysfunction of HDAC2 induced by oxidative stress might be account for GC resistance and chronic inflammatory disorders during the cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haining Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Yanhua He
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Guiping Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- b Department of Histology and Embryology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Suikai Yan
- c Department of Morphology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Ning Hou
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xiao
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Miaoshan Luo
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Genshui Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Quan Yi
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China
| | - Minsheng Chen
- d Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P.R. China
| | - Jiandong Luo
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, P.R. China.,d Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, P.R. China
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28
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Liu C, Yang N, Chen X, Tversky J, Zhan J, Chehade M, Miller RL, Li XM. The Flavonoid 7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone Prevents Dexamethasone Paradoxical Adverse Effect on Eotaxin Production by Human Fibroblasts. Phytother Res 2017; 31:449-458. [PMID: 28102022 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Eotaxin/CCL-11 is a major chemoattractant that contributes to eosinophilic inflammation in asthma. Glucocorticoids inhibit inflammation, but long-time exposure may cause paradoxical adverse effects by augmenting eotaxin/CCL-11production. The aim of this study was to determine if 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone (7,4'-DHF), the eotaxin/CCL11 inhibitor isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, reduces in vitro eotaxin production induced by long-time dexamethasone (Dex) exposure, and if so, to elucidate the mechanisms of this inhibition. Human lung fibroblast-1 cells were used to identify the potency of 7,4'-DHF compared with other compounds from G. uralensis, to compare 7,4'-DHF with Dex on eotaxin production following 24-h short-time culture and 72-h longer-time (LT) culture, and to determine the effects of the 7,4'-DHF on Dex LT culture augmented eotaxin production and molecule mechanisms. 7,4'-DHF was the most potent eotaxin/CCL-11 inhibitor among the ten compounds and provided continued suppression. In contrast to short-time culture, Dex LT culture increased constitutively, and IL-4/TNF-α stimulated eotaxin/CCL11 production by human lung fibroblast-1 cells. This adverse effect was abrogated by 7,4'-DHF co-culture. 7,4'-DHF significantly inhibited Dex LT culture augmentation of p-STAT6 and impaired HDAC2 expression. This study demonstrated that 7,4'-DHF has the ability to consistently suppress eotaxin production and prevent Dex-paradoxical adverse effects on eotaxin production. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changda Liu
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xiaoke Chen
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Respiratory Department, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Jody Tversky
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jixun Zhan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Mirna Chehade
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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29
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Samanta S, Rajasingh S, Cao T, Dawn B, Rajasingh J. Epigenetic dysfunctional diseases and therapy for infection and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:518-528. [PMID: 27919711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Even though the discovery of the term 'epigenetics' was in the 1940s, it has recently become one of the most promising and expanding fields to unravel the gene expression pattern in several diseases. The most well studied example is cancer, but other diseases like metabolic disorders, autism, or inflammation-associated diseases such as lung injury, autoimmune disease, asthma, and type-2 diabetes display aberrant gene expression and epigenetic regulation during their occurrence. The change in the epigenetic pattern of a gene may also alter gene function because of a change in the DNA status. Constant environmental pressure, lifestyle, as well as food habits are the other important parameters responsible for transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic traits. Discovery of epigenetic modifiers targeting DNA methylation and histone deacetylation enzymes could be an alternative source to treat or manipulate the pathogenesis of diseases. Particularly, the combination of epigenetic drugs such as 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (Aza) and trichostatin A (TSA) are well studied to reduce inflammation in an acute lung injury model. It is important to understand the epigenetic machinery and the function of its components in specific diseases to develop targeted epigenetic therapy. Moreover, it is equally critical to know the specific inhibitors other than the widely used pan inhibitors in clinical trials and explore their roles in regulating specific genes in a more defined way during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Samanta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Thuy Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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30
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Rodriguez JM, Monsalves-Alvarez M, Henriquez S, Llanos MN, Troncoso R. Glucocorticoid resistance in chronic diseases. Steroids 2016; 115:182-192. [PMID: 27643454 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are involved in several responses triggered by a variety of environmental and physiological stimuli. These hormones have a wide-range of regulatory effects in organisms. Synthetic glucocorticoids are extensively used to suppress allergic, inflammatory, and immune disorders. Although glucocorticoids are highly effective for therapeutic purposes, some patients chronically treated with glucocorticoids can develop reduced glucocorticoid sensitivity or even resistance, increasing patient vulnerability to exaggerated inflammatory responses. Glucocorticoid resistance can occur in several chronic diseases, including asthma, major depression, and cardiovascular conditions. In this review, we discuss the complexity of the glucocorticoid receptor and the potential role of glucocorticoid resistance in the development of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Rodriguez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Matías Monsalves-Alvarez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Henriquez
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Miguel N Llanos
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile; Advanced Center for Chronic Disease, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile.
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31
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Castro-Rodríguez JA, Krause BJ, Uauy R, Casanello P. [Epigenetics in allergic diseases and asthma]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 87:88-95. [PMID: 27055949 DOI: 10.1016/j.rchipe.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Allergic diseases and asthma are the result of complex interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Asthma is one of the most prevalent chronic disease among children. In this article we review some environmental factors like: allergen exposition, tobacco, bacteria, microbial components, diet, obesity and stress, which influences during intrauterine and infancy life in the epigenetic regulation of asthma and allergic diseases. The review has been done in three models: in-vitro, animal and human.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Castro-Rodríguez
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Programación y Epigenética Perinatal, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Bernardo J Krause
- Laboratorio de Programación y Epigenética Perinatal, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Santiago, Chile; División de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Programación y Epigenética Perinatal, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Casanello
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Programación y Epigenética Perinatal, Centro de Investigaciones Médicas, Santiago, Chile; División de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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32
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Decreased Histone Deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBMCs) of COPD Patients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147380. [PMID: 26809128 PMCID: PMC4726592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) is a class I histone deacetylase family member that plays a critical role in suppressing inflammatory gene expression in the airways, lung parenchyma, and alveolar macrophages in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the expression of HDAC2 in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, and serum inflammatory cytokine levels in COPD patients, smokers, and non-smokers remains unclear. METHODS PBMCs were obtained from COPD patients, healthy smokers, and healthy nonsmokers. The HDAC2 and NF-κB p65 expression were quantified by Western Blot. HDAC activity was assessed by an HDAC fluorometric immunoprecipitation activity assay kit. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS HDAC2 expression and HDAC activity were decreased in PBMCs in COPD patients compared with smokers and non-smokers. Increased NF-κB p65 expression, serum TNF-α and IL-8 levels were observed in COPD patients compared with nonsmokers. The FEV1%pred was positively correlated with HDAC2 expression and HDAC activity in COPD patients. Smokers had decreased HDAC activity, increased NF-κB p65 expression and serum TNF-α compared with nonsmokers. CONCLUSIONS HDAC2 expression was decreased in PBMCs of COPD patients and was correlated with disease severity. The reduction of HDAC2 expression not only directly enhances the expression of inflammatory genes, but may account for the activation of NF-κB mediated inflammation. Decreased HDAC2 may serve as a potential biomarker of COPD and predict the decline of lung function.
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33
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Toru Ü, Ayada C, Genç O, Yaşar Z, Şahin S, Taşkın E, Bulut İ, Acat M. Evaluation of multidrug resistance-1 gene C>T polymorphism frequency in patients with asthma. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:670-4. [PMID: 26598078 PMCID: PMC4602378 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(10)02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness and airflow obstruction. Genetic and oxidative stress factors, in addition to pulmonary and systemic inflammatory processes, play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of asthma. The products of the multidrug resistance-1 gene protect lung tissue from oxidative stress. Here, we aimed to evaluate the association between the multidrug resistance-1 gene C>T polymorphism and asthma with regard to oxidative stress-related parameters of asthmatic patients. METHODS Forty-five patients with asthma and 27 healthy age-matched controls were included in this study. Blood samples were collected in tubes with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. DNA was extracted from the blood samples. The multidrug resistance-1 gene polymorphism was detected by polymerase chain reaction and a subsequent enzyme digestion technique. The serum levels of total oxidant status and total antioxidant status were determined by the colorimetric measurement method. RESULTS The heterozygous polymorphic genotype was the most frequent in both groups. A significant difference in the multidrug resistance-1 genotype frequencies between groups indicated an association of asthma with the TT genotype. A significant difference between groups was found for wild type homozygous participants and carriers of polymorphic allele participants. The frequency of the T allele was significantly higher in asthmatic patients. The increase in the oxidative stress index parameter was significant in the asthma group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The multidrug resistance-1 gene C/T polymorphism may be an underlying genetic risk factor for the development of asthma via oxidant-antioxidant imbalance, leading to increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ümran Toru
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Kütahya, Turkey
- Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Ceylan Ayada
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Osman Genç
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Zehra Yaşar
- Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chest Diseases, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Server Şahin
- Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Kütahya, Turkey
| | - Emre Taşkın
- Karabük University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Karabük, Turkey
| | - İsmet Bulut
- Süreyyapaşa Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Allergy and Immunology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Acat
- Aydın General Secretary of the Union of Public Hospitals, Aydın, Turkey
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Abstract
Epigenetic modifications work in concert with genetic mechanisms to regulate transcriptional activity in normal tissues and are often dysregulated in disease. Although they are somatically heritable, modifications of DNA and histones are also reversible, making them good targets for therapeutic intervention. Epigenetic changes often precede disease pathology, making them valuable diagnostic indicators for disease risk or prognostic indicators for disease progression. Several inhibitors of histone deacetylation or DNA methylation are approved for hematological malignancies by the US Food and Drug Administration and have been in clinical use for several years. More recently, histone methylation and microRNA expression have gained attention as potential therapeutic targets. The presence of multiple epigenetic aberrations within malignant tissue and the abilities of cells to develop resistance suggest that epigenetic therapies are most beneficial when combined with other anticancer strategies, such as signal transduction inhibitors or cytotoxic treatments. A key challenge for future epigenetic therapies will be to develop inhibitors with specificity to particular regions of chromosomes, thereby potentially reducing side effects.
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Schuliga M. NF-kappaB Signaling in Chronic Inflammatory Airway Disease. Biomolecules 2015; 5:1266-83. [PMID: 26131974 PMCID: PMC4598751 DOI: 10.3390/biom5031266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are obstructive airway disorders which differ in their underlying causes and phenotypes but overlap in patterns of pharmacological treatments. In both asthma and COPD, oxidative stress contributes to airway inflammation by inducing inflammatory gene expression. The redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB (NF-κB), is an important participant in a broad spectrum of inflammatory networks that regulate cytokine activity in airway pathology. The anti-inflammatory actions of glucocorticoids (GCs), a mainstay treatment for asthma, involve inhibition of NF-κB induced gene transcription. Ligand bound GC receptors (GRs) bind NF-κB to suppress the transcription of NF-κB responsive genes (i.e., transrepression). However, in severe asthma and COPD, the transrepression of NF-κB by GCs is negated as a consequence of post-translational changes to GR and histones involved in chromatin remodeling. Therapeutics which target NF-κB activation, including inhibitors of IκB kinases (IKKs) are potential treatments for asthma and COPD. Furthermore, reversing GR/histone acetylation shows promise as a strategy to treat steroid refractory airway disease by augmenting NF-κB transrepression. This review examines NF-κB signaling in airway inflammation and its potential as target for treatment of asthma and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schuliga
- Lung Health Research Centre (LHRC), Department Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Melbourne, Grattan St., Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia.
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Liu C, Weir D, Busse P, Yang N, Zhou Z, Emala C, Li XM. The Flavonoid 7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone Inhibits MUC5AC Gene Expression, Production, and Secretion via Regulation of NF-κB, STAT6, and HDAC2. Phytother Res 2015; 29:925-32. [PMID: 25809288 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucus overproduction is a significant component of the pathophysiology of obstructive lung diseases. Currently, there are only a few medications available that inhibit mucus production. Previous studies showed that glycyrrhizin, a triterpenoid in Glycyrrhiza uralensis inhibits mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) mRNA and protein expression. Other potential mucus production inhibitory compounds contained within in G. uralensis have not been fully investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine if the G. uralensis flavonoid 7,4'-dihydroxyflavone (7,4'-DHF) inhibits MUC5AC gene expression, mucus production, and secretion, and if so, to elucidate the mechanism of this inhibition. 7,4'-Dihydroxyflavone significantly decreased phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated NCI-H292 human airway epithelial cell MUC5AC gene expression and mucus production, at a 28-fold lower concentration than glycyrrhizin (The half maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 value of 1.4 μM vs 38 μM, respectively); 7,4'-DHF also inhibited MUC5AC mucus secretion. Inhibition was associated with the suppression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) activation, and enhanced histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) expression. In a murine model of asthma, 7,4'-DHF-treated mice exhibited a marked reduction in MUC5AC secretion in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with control mice. These findings, together with previous findings linking NF-κB, STAT6, and HDAC2 modulation to the control of MUC5AC expression, demonstrate that 7,4'-DHF is a newly identified component of G. uralensis that regulates MUC5AC expression and secretion via regulation of NF-κB, STAT6, and HDAC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changda Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David Weir
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paula Busse
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhenwen Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Charles Emala
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advancements in epigenetic treatments are not only coming from new drugs, but also from modifications or encapsulation of the existing drugs into different formulations leading to greater stability and enhanced delivery to the target site. The epigenome is highly regulated and complex; therefore, it is important that off-target effects of epigenetic drugs be minimized. The step from in vitro to in vivo treatment of these drugs often requires development of a method of effective delivery for clinical translation. AREAS COVERED This review covers epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and small-RNA-mediated gene regulation. There is a section in the review with examples of diseases where epigenetic alterations lead to impaired pathways, with an emphasis on cancer. Epigenetic drugs, their targets and clinical status are presented. Advantages of using a delivery method for epigenetic drugs as well as examples of current advancements and challenges are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Epigenetic drugs have the potential to be very effective therapy against a number of diseases, especially cancers and neurological disorders. As with many chemotherapeutics, undesired side effects need to be minimized. Finding a suitable delivery method means reducing side effects and achieving a higher therapeutic index. Each drug may require a unique delivery method exploiting the drug's chemistry or other physical characteristic requiring interdisciplinary participation and would benefit from a better understanding of the mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Cramer
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Department of Biomedical Engineering/ND20 , 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195 , USA +1 216 445 9364 ; +1 216 444 9198 ;
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Harb H, Renz H. Update on epigenetics in allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015; 135:15-24. [PMID: 25567039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, including allergies and asthma, are the result of complex gene-environment interactions. One of the most challenging questions in this regard relates to the biochemical mechanism of how exogenous environmental trigger factors modulate and modify gene expression, subsequently leading to the development of chronic inflammatory conditions. Epigenetics comprises the umbrella of biochemical reactions and mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and chromatin modifications on histones and other structures. Recently, several lifestyle and environmental factors have been investigated in terms of such biochemical interactions with the gene expression-regulating machinery: allergens; microbes and microbial compounds; dietary factors, including vitamin B12, folic acid, and fish oil; obesity; and stress. This article aims to update recent developments in this context with an emphasis on allergy and asthma research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Harb
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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Indole-3-ethylsulfamoylphenylacrylamides: Potent histone deacetylase inhibitors with anti-inflammatory activity. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:468-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Boardman C, Chachi L, Gavrila A, Keenan CR, Perry MM, Xia YC, Meurs H, Sharma P. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid action and insensitivity in airways disease. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:129-43. [PMID: 25218650 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are the mainstay for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, it has been recognized that glucocorticoids do not work well in certain patient populations suggesting reduced sensitivity. The ultimate biologic responses to glucocorticoids are determined by not only the concentration of glucocorticoids but also the differences between individuals in glucocorticoid sensitivity, which is influenced by multiple factors. Studies are emerging to understand these mechanisms in detail, which would help in increasing glucocorticoid sensitivity in patients with chronic airways disease. This review aims to highlight both classical and emerging concepts of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of glucocorticoids and also review some novel strategies to overcome steroid insensitivity in airways disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boardman
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Chachi
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - A Gavrila
- Institute for Lung Health, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - C R Keenan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - M M Perry
- Airway Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Y C Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Meurs
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Airways Inflammation Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, 4C46 HRIC, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 4N1.
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Vandevyver S, Dejager L, Libert C. Comprehensive overview of the structure and regulation of the glucocorticoid receptor. Endocr Rev 2014; 35:671-93. [PMID: 24937701 DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are among the most prescribed drugs worldwide for the treatment of numerous immune and inflammatory disorders. They exert their actions by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. There are several GR isoforms resulting from alternative RNA splicing and translation initiation of the GR transcript. Additionally, these isoforms are all subject to several transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications, all of which affect the protein's stability and/or function. In this review, we summarize recent knowledge on the distinct GR isoforms and the processes that generate them. We also review the importance of all known transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational modifications, including the regulation of GR by microRNAs. Moreover, we discuss the crucial role of the putative GR-bound DNA sequence as an allosteric ligand influencing GR structure and activity. Finally, we describe how the differential composition and distinct regulation at multiple levels of different GR species could account for the wide and diverse effects of glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vandevyver
- Inflammation Research Center (S.V., L.D., C.L.), Flanders Institute for Biotechnology, B9052 Ghent, Belgium; and Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology (S.V., L.D., C.L.), Ghent University, B9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Srivastava KD, Dunkin D, Liu C, Yang N, Miller RL, Sampson HA, Li XM. Effect of Antiasthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention on neutrophil predominant airway inflammation in a ragweed sensitized murine asthma model. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2014; 112:339-47.e1-2. [PMID: 24679734 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil-predominant asthma is less responsive to steroids and associated with poorer disease control. The effects of Antiasthma Simplified Herbal Medicine Intervention (ASHMI), a traditional Chinese medicine formula reported to be efficacious in asthmatic patients and murine asthma models, on neutrophil predominant asthma are unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of standard ASHMI and refined formula ASHMI (ASHMI(II)) in a neutrophil-predominant murine model of ragweed (RW) asthma and explore underlying mechanisms. METHODS BALB/c mice were systemically sensitized, intranasally challenged with RW extract, and orally treated with ASHMI, ASHMI(II), or vehicle (water). In a separate experiment, some RW sensitized mice were treated with dexamethasone before challenge. After RW challenge, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), total and differential bronchoalveolar lavage fluid leukocyte counts, lung histologic features, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokine and chemokine levels were assessed. RW stimulation of the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was used to determine effects of ASHMI active compound ganoderic acid C1 (GAC1) on tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) production and regulation of phosphorylated IκB and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) levels. RESULTS ASHMI and ASHMI(II) markedly reduced AHR, mucous production, neutrophilic inflammation, and TNF-α, interleukin 8, and interleukin 17 levels and decreased eosinophilic inflammation and TH2 responses in vivo (P < .01-.001 for all). GAC1 inhibited TNF-α production in RW-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in association with suppression of phosphorylated IκB and increased HDAC2 expression. Dexamethasone failed to reduce AHR and neutrophilic inflammation. CONCLUSION ASHMI treatment was efficacious in a murine model of neutrophil-predominant asthma via modulation of innate chemokines, TH2 responses, nuclear factor-κB, and HDAC2. ASHMI, and/or its constituent GAC1, may be a valuable option for treating neutrophil-predominant asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal D Srivastava
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - David Dunkin
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Changda Liu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Nan Yang
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rachel L Miller
- Department of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Hugh A Sampson
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Xiu-Min Li
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Sun Q, Li J, Gao F. New insights into insulin: The anti-inflammatory effect and its clinical relevance. World J Diabetes 2014; 5:89-96. [PMID: 24765237 PMCID: PMC3992527 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v5.i2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, a commonly exhibited metabolic disorder in critically ill patients, activates the body’s inflammatory defense mechanism, causing the waterfall release of numerous inflammatory mediators and cytokines, and eventually leads to organ damage. As the only glucose-lowering hormone in the body, insulin not only alleviates the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia through its metabolic regulation, but also directly modulates inflammatory mediators and acts upon immune cells to enhance immunocompetence. In this sense, hyperglycemia is pro-inflammatory whereas insulin is anti-inflammatory. Therefore, during the past 50 years, insulin has not only been used in the treatment of diabetes, but has also been put into practical use in dealing with cardiovascular diseases and critical illnesses. This review summarizes the recent advances regarding the anti-inflammatory effects of insulin in both basic research and clinical trials, with the hope of aiding in the design of further experimental research and promoting effective insulin administration in clinical practice.
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Liao SY, Lin X, Christiani DC. Gene-environment interaction effects on lung function- a genome-wide association study within the Framingham heart study. Environ Health 2013; 12:101. [PMID: 24289273 PMCID: PMC3882096 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-12-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies in occupational exposure and lung function have focused only on the main effect of occupational exposure or genetics on lung function. Some disease-susceptible genes may be missed due to their low marginal effects, despite potential involvement in the disease process through interactions with the environment. Through comprehensive genome-wide gene-environment interaction studies, we can uncover these susceptibility genes. Our objective in this study was to explore gene by occupational exposure interaction effects on lung function using both the individual SNPs approach and the genetic network approach. METHODS The study population comprised the Offspring Cohort and the Third Generation from the Framingham Heart Study. We used forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) as outcomes. Occupational exposures were classified using a population-specific job exposure matrix. We performed genome-wide gene-environment interaction analysis, using the Affymetrix 550 K mapping array for genotyping. A linear regression-based generalized estimating equation was applied to account for within-family relatedness. Network analysis was conducted using results from single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-level analyses and from gene expression study results. RESULTS There were 4,785 participants in total. SNP-level analysis and network analysis identified SNP rs9931086 (P(interaction) =1.16 × 10(-7)) in gene SLC38A8, which may significantly modify the effects of occupational exposure on FEV1. Genes identified from the network analysis included CTLA-4, HDAC, and PPAR-alpha. CONCLUSIONS Our study implies that SNP rs9931086 in SLC38A8 and genes CTLA-4, HDAC, and PPAR-alpha, which are related to inflammatory processes, may modify the effect of occupational exposure on lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Liao
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David C Christiani
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Wang X, Nelson A, Weiler ZM, Patil A, Sato T, Kanaji N, Nakanishi M, Michalski J, Farid M, Basma H, Levan TD, Miller-Larsson A, Wieslander E, Muller KC, Holz O, Magnussen H, Rabe KF, Liu X, Rennard SI. Anti-inflammatory effects of budesonide in human lung fibroblast are independent of histone deacetylase 2. J Inflamm Res 2013; 6:109-19. [PMID: 24062615 PMCID: PMC3780291 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s43736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective and design Reduced expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells may account for reduced response of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients to glucocorticoids. HDAC2 expression and its role in mediating glucocorticoid effects on fibroblast functions, however, has not been fully studied. This study was designed to investigate whether HDAC2 mediates glucocorticoid effects on release of inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) from human lung fibroblasts. Methods Human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1 cells) were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1 β plus tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the presence or absence of the glucocorticoid budesonide. Cytokines (IL-6 and IL-8) were quantified by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and MMPs (MMP-1 and MMP-3) by immunoblotting in culture medium. The role of HDAC2 was investigated using a pharmacologic inhibitor as well as a small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) targeting HDAC2. Results We have demonstrated that budesonide concentration-dependently (10−10–10−7 M) inhibited IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1, and MMP-3 release by HFL-1 cells in response to IL-1β plus TNF-α. While an HDAC inhibitor significantly blocked the inhibitory effect of budesonide on human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and monocytes (THP-1 cells), it did not block the inhibitory effect of budesonide on release of cytokines and MMPs from HFL-1 cells. Similarly, an HDAC2-siRNA blocked budesonide inhibition of cytokine release in HBECs, but it did not block the inhibitory effect of budesonide on HFL-1 cytokine and MMP release. Furthermore, budesonide significantly blocked release of cytokines and MMPs to a similar degree in normal and COPD lung fibroblasts as well as in HFL-1 cells exposed or not exposed to cigarette smoke extract. Conclusion These findings suggest that, in contrast to airway epithelial cells and monocytes/macrophages, HDAC2 is not required for budesonide to inhibit MMP and cytokine release by lung fibroblasts and this inhibitory pathway appears to be intact in cultured fibroblasts from COPD patients. These results also suggest that budesonide has the potential to modulate fibroblast-mediated tissue remodeling following airway inflammation in COPD, which is mediated via an HDAC2 independent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Wang
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Abstract
Epigenetic deregulation is intimately associated with the development of human diseases. Intensive studies are currently underway to clarify the mechanism for the sake of achieving ideal diagnostic and therapeutic goals. It has been demonstrated that enzymes with histone-modifying activities can also target non-histone proteins, with the underlying mechanism remaining obscure. In this review, we focus on a novel histone mimicry strategy that may be wildly adapted during the non-histone substrate recognition process. Its potential clinical implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Lin
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Binhua P Zhou
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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Westergaard CG, Porsbjerg C, Backer V. A review of mometasone furoate / formoterol in the treatment of asthma. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2013; 14:339-46. [PMID: 23363416 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2013.761976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease affecting the airways causing inflammation, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), and respiratory symptoms. Frequently, asthma can be effectively treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) but in more severe cases additional drugs are required, such as long-acting β2-agonists (LABA). Mometasone furoate (MF) is a synthetic steroid exhibiting a strong affinity for the glucocorticoid receptor as well as a low bioavailability and a high plasma protein binding. In most cases, MF only requires once daily administration. Formoterol fumarate (F) is a full β2-agonist with a rapid onset and 12 h of duration. AREAS COVERED The present paper reviews the current knowledge of the novel combination of MF and F for the treatment of asthma. Furthermore, a description of the individual components is included. EXPERT OPINION At present, only few clinical studies of MF/F are available for review and more studies of MF/F efficacy are needed, especially comparative studies on other ICS/LABA drugs. However, it does not appear from the reviewed literature that MF/F or its individual components are inferior to other equivalent treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Grabow Westergaard
- Bispebjerg Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine L, Respiratory Research Unit, Bispebjerg Bakke 23, DK-2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark.
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Hector A, Kormann M, Kammermeier J, Burdi S, Marcos V, Rieber N, Mays L, Illig T, Klopp N, Falkenstein F, Kappler M, Riethmueller J, Graepler-Mainka U, Stern M, Eickmeier O, Serve F, Zielen S, Döring G, Griese M, Hartl D. Expression and Regulation of Interferon-Related Development Regulator–1 in Cystic Fibrosis Neutrophils. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 48:71-7. [DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0061oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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Endogenous glucocorticoids inhibit myocardial inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide: involvement of regulation of histone deacetylation. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 60:33-41. [PMID: 22472906 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182567fef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that myocardial inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of cardiac diseases. But the exact mechanisms for this chronic inflammatory disorder have not been elucidated. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the most effective anti-inflammatory treatments available for many inflammatory diseases. However, it is unknown whether endogenous GCs are able to exert anti-inflammatory effect on myocardial inflammation. In this study, the potential role of endogenous GCs in the regulation of myocardial inflammation was investigated. We showed that the reduction of endogenous GC level by adrenalectomy promoted the production of basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory cytokines, which could be partly reversed by supplementing with exogenous physiological level of hydrocortisone. Inhibition of GC receptor (GR) signaling pathway with GR antagonist mifepristone (RU486) or histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA) also increased the levels of basal and LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines. Moreover, blockade of GC-GR signaling pathway by adrenalectomy, RU486 or TSA enhanced LPS-induced myocardial nuclear factor-κB activation and histone acetylation but inhibited myocardial histone deacetylase expression and activity. Cardiac function studies demonstrated that blockade of the GC-GR signaling pathway aggravated inflammation-induced cardiac dysfunction. These findings indicate that endogenous GCs are able to inhibit myocardial inflammation induced by LPS. Endogenous GCs represent an important endogenous anti-inflammatory mechanism for myocardium in rats and such mechanism injury may be an important factor for pathogenesis of cardiac diseases.
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Kallsen K, Andresen E, Heine H. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 controls the expression of beta defensin 1 in human lung epithelial cells. PLoS One 2012. [PMID: 23185513 PMCID: PMC3502185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulation of the expression human beta defensin 1 (DEFB1), an antimicrobial peptide, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of COPD and asthma. Since the molecular mechanisms that regulate DEFB1 gene expression are widely unknown, the epigenetic processes involved in the regulation of the constitutive expression of DEFB1 in lung epithelial cells (A549) were investigated. The data demonstrate that histone deacetylases (HDACs) participate in the regulation of DEFB1 gene expression. Inhibition of the class I HDACs, HDACs 1-3, increases DEFB1 gene expression in A549 cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays revealed that the inhibition of the class I HDACs also results in modifications of the chromatin at the DEFB1 promoter. Histone modifications, histone H3 acetylation and H3K4 trimethylation, that are associated with transcriptional activation, were found to increase after inhibition of HDACs 1-3. Finally, RNAi knockdown experiments identified HDAC1 as the sole HDAC responsible for maintaining the constitutive level of DEFB1 transcription. Taken together, our data reveal epigenetic mechanisms which are the basis of the maintenance of the constitutive gene expression of human beta defensin 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Kallsen
- Division of Innate Immunity, Research Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
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