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Smith R, Yendamuri S, Vedire Y, Rosario S, Zollo R, Washington D, Sass S, Ivanick NM, Reid M, Barbi J. Immunoprofiling bronchoalveolar lavage cells reveals multifaceted smoking-associated immune dysfunction. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00688-2022. [PMID: 37342091 PMCID: PMC10277872 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00688-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is an underutilised tool in the search for pulmonary disease biomarkers. While leukocytes with effector and suppressor function play important roles in airway immunity and tumours, it remains unclear if frequencies and phenotypes of BAL leukocytes can be useful parameters in lung cancer studies and clinical trials. We therefore explored the utility of BAL leukocytes as a source of biomarkers interrogating the impact of smoking, a major lung cancer risk determinant, on pulmonary immunity. Methods In this "test case" observational study, BAL samples from 119 donors undergoing lung cancer screening and biopsy procedures were evaluated by conventional and spectral flow cytometry to exemplify the comprehensive immune analyses possible with this biospecimen. Proportions of major leukocyte populations and phenotypic markers levels were found. Multivariate linear rank sum analysis considering age, sex, cancer diagnosis and smoking status was performed. Results Significantly increased frequencies of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and PD-L1-expressing macrophages were found in current and former smokers compared to never-smokers. While cytotoxic CD8 T-cells and conventional CD4 helper T-cell frequencies were significantly reduced in current and former smokers, expression of immune checkpoints PD-1 and LAG-3 as well as Tregs proportions were increased. Lastly, the cellularity, viability and stability of several immune readouts under cryostorage suggested BAL samples are useful for correlative end-points in clinical trials. Conclusions Smoking is associated with heightened markers of immune dysfunction, readily assayable in BAL, that may reflect a permissive environment for cancer development and progression in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall Smith
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Sai Yendamuri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally
- These authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Yeshwanth Vedire
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Spencer Rosario
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert Zollo
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Deschana Washington
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Sass
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Nathaniel M. Ivanick
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mary Reid
- Department of Medicine – Survivorship and Supportive Care, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Barbi
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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2
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Uliński R, Kwiecień I, Domagała-Kulawik J. Lung Cancer in the Course of COPD-Emerging Problems Today. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153819. [PMID: 35954482 PMCID: PMC9367492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking remains the main cause of tobacco-dependent diseases like lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in addition to cardiovascular diseases and other cancers. Whilst the majority of smokers will not develop either COPD or lung cancer, they are closely related diseases, occurring as co-morbidities at a higher rate than if they were independently triggered by smoking. A patient with COPD has a four- to six-fold greater risk of developing lung cancer independent of smoking exposure, when compared to matched smokers with normal lung function. The 10 year risk is about 8.8% in the COPD group and only 2% in patients with normal lung function. COPD is not a uniform disorder: there are different phenotypes. One of them is manifested by the prevalence of emphysema and this is complicated by malignant processes most often. Here, we present and discuss the clinical problems of COPD in patients with lung cancer and against lung cancer in the course of COPD. There are common pathological pathways in both diseases. These are inflammation with participation of macrophages and neutrophils and proteases. It is known that anticancer immune regulation is distorted towards immunosuppression, while in COPD the elements of autoimmunity are described. Cytotoxic T cells, lymphocytes B and regulatory T cells with the important role of check point molecules are involved in both processes. A growing number of lung cancer patients are treated with immune check point inhibitors (ICIs), and it was found that COPD patients may have benefits from this treatment. Altogether, the data point to the necessity for deeper analysis and intensive research studies to limit the burden of these serious diseases by prevention and by elaboration of specific therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Uliński
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Kwiecień
- Laboratory of Hematology and Flow Cytometry, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Military Institute of Medicine, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Domagała-Kulawik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Diseases and Allergy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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3
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Ferrara P, Gianfredi V, Tomaselli V, Polosa R. The Effect of Smoking on Humoral Response to COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review of Epidemiological Studies. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:303. [PMID: 35214761 PMCID: PMC8880575 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
While the role of active smoking on response to vaccines is yet to be fully understood, some real-world studies have outlined a possible link between smoking and humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines. Thus, the present rapid systematic review aimed at summarizing the current epidemiological evidence on this association. Following PRISMA and WHO guidelines on rapid systematic reviews, we systematically reviewed published literature on this topic and discussed the findings according to the aim of analysing smoking and its impact on humoral response to COVID-19 postvaccination antibody titres. The search strategy yielded a total of 23 articles. The sample size amongst the studies ranged between 74 and 3475 participants (median, 360), with the proportion of smokers being between 4.2% and 40.8% (median, 26.0%). The studies included in this review analysis investigated the dynamics of antibody response to different type of COVID-19 vaccines. In 17 out of 23 studies, current smokers showed much lower antibody titres or more rapid lowering of the vaccine-induced IgG compared with nonsmokers. This rapid systematic review indicates that active smoking negatively impacts humoral response to COVID-19 vaccines, although the pathophysiologic mechanisms for this association have not been entirely suggested. The results advocate targeted policies to promote tailored health promotion initiatives, which can increase risk perception and ensure appropriate protection measures to be taken to avoid the health consequences of COVID-19 in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ferrara
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan, Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Vincenza Gianfredi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Venera Tomaselli
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Polosa
- Center of Excellence for the Acceleration of HArm Reduction (CoEHAR), University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy;
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95131 Catania, Italy
- Institute of Internal Medicine, AOU “Policlinico-V. Emanuele”, 95131 Catania, Italy
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4
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Olsson P, Turesson C, Mandl T, Jacobsson L, Theander E. Cigarette smoking and the risk of primary Sjögren's syndrome: a nested case control study. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:50. [PMID: 28270185 PMCID: PMC5341180 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is reported to affect the risk of a number of chronic disorders, including rheumatic diseases. Previous cross-sectional studies have shown a lower frequency of smoking in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of smoking and socioeconomic status on the risk of subsequent diagnosis of pSS in a nested case-control study. METHOD Participants in two large population-based health surveys who were later diagnosed with pSS were identified through linkage with the Malmö Sjögren's Syndrome Register. Matched controls were obtained from the health surveys. RESULTS Sixty-three patients with pSS with pre-diagnostic data from the health surveys were identified. Current smoking was associated with a significantly lower risk of later being diagnosed with pSS (odds ratio (OR) 0.3; 95% CI 0.1-0.6). Furthermore, former smoking was associated with an increased risk of subsequent pSS diagnosis (OR 4.0; 95% CI 1.8-8.8) compared to never smoking. Similar results were found in a sub-analysis of patients with reported symptom onset after inclusion in the health surveys. Socioeconomic status and levels of formal education had no significant impact on the risk of later being diagnosed with pSS. CONCLUSION In this nested case-control study, current smoking was associated with a reduced risk of subsequent diagnosis of pSS. In addition, former smoking was associated with an increased risk. Whether this reflects a biological effect of cigarette smoking or other mechanisms should be further investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olsson
- Department of Clinical sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden. .,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 32, 20502, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Carl Turesson
- Department of Clinical sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 32, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas Mandl
- Department of Clinical sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 32, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lennart Jacobsson
- Department of Clinical sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation research, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elke Theander
- Department of Clinical sciences, Malmö, Rheumatology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons gata 32, 20502, Malmö, Sweden
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5
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Muala A, Rankin G, Sehlstedt M, Unosson J, Bosson JA, Behndig A, Pourazar J, Nyström R, Pettersson E, Bergvall C, Westerholm R, Jalava PI, Happo MS, Uski O, Hirvonen MR, Kelly FJ, Mudway IS, Blomberg A, Boman C, Sandström T. Acute exposure to wood smoke from incomplete combustion--indications of cytotoxicity. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015; 12:33. [PMID: 26511835 PMCID: PMC4625445 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-015-0111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Smoke from combustion of biomass fuels is a major risk factor for respiratory disease, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine whether exposure to wood smoke from incomplete combustion would elicit airway inflammation in humans. Methods Fourteen healthy subjects underwent controlled exposures on two separate occasions to filtered air and wood smoke from incomplete combustion with PM1 concentration at 314 μg/m3 for 3 h in a chamber. Bronchoscopy with bronchial wash (BW), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and endobronchial mucosal biopsies was performed after 24 h. Differential cell counts and soluble components were analyzed, with biopsies stained for inflammatory markers using immunohistochemistry. In parallel experiments, the toxicity of the particulate matter (PM) generated during the chamber exposures was investigated in vitro using the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. Results Significant reductions in macrophage, neutrophil and lymphocyte numbers were observed in BW (p < 0.01, <0.05, <0.05, respectively) following the wood smoke exposure, with a reduction in lymphocytes numbers in BAL fluid (<0.01. This unexpected cellular response was accompanied by decreased levels of sICAM-1, MPO and MMP-9 (p < 0.05, <0.05 and <0.01). In contrast, significant increases in submucosal and epithelial CD3+ cells, epithelial CD8+ cells and submucosal mast cells (p < 0.01, <0.05, <0.05 and <0.05, respectively), were observed after wood smoke exposure. The in vitro data demonstrated that wood smoke particles generated under these incomplete combustion conditions induced cell death and DNA damage, with only minor inflammatory responses. Conclusions Short-term exposure to sooty PAH rich wood smoke did not induce an acute neutrophilic inflammation, a classic hallmark of air pollution exposure in humans. While minor proinflammatory lymphocytic and mast cells effects were observed in the bronchial biopsies, significant reductions in BW and BAL cells and soluble components were noted. This unexpected observation, combined with the in vitro data, suggests that wood smoke particles from incomplete combustion could be potentially cytotoxic. Additional research is required to establish the mechanism of this dramatic reduction in airway leukocytes and to clarify how this acute response contributes to the adverse health effects attributed to wood smoke exposure. Trial registration NCT01488500 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-015-0111-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala Muala
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Gregory Rankin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Sehlstedt
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jon Unosson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jenny A Bosson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annelie Behndig
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jamshid Pourazar
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Robin Nyström
- Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Esbjörn Pettersson
- Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Bergvall
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roger Westerholm
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pasi I Jalava
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko S Happo
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Oskari Uski
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Frank J Kelly
- Environmental Research Group, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian S Mudway
- Environmental Research Group, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anders Blomberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christoffer Boman
- Department of Applied Physics and Electronics, Thermochemical Energy Conversion Laboratory, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Bello S, Menéndez R, Antoni T, Reyes S, Zalacain R, Capelastegui A, Aspa J, Borderías L, Martin-Villasclaras JJ, Alfageme I, Rodríguez de Castro F, Rello J, Luis M, Ruiz-Manzano J. Tobacco smoking increases the risk for death from pneumococcal pneumonia. Chest 2014; 146:1029-1037. [PMID: 24811098 DOI: 10.1378/chest.13-2853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active smoking increases the risk of developing community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and invasive pneumococcal disease, although its impact on mortality in pneumococcal CAP outcomes remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of current smoking status on pneumococcal CAP mortality. METHODS We performed a multicenter, prospective, observational cohort study in 4,288 hospitalized patients with CAP. The study group consisted of 892 patients with pneumococcal CAP: 204 current smokers (22.8%), 387 nonsmokers (43.4%), and 301 exsmokers (33.7%). RESULTS Mortality at 30 days was 3.9%: 4.9% in current smokers vs 4.3% in nonsmokers and 2.6% in exsmokers. Current smokers with CAP were younger (51 years vs 74 years), with more alcohol abuse and fewer cardiac, renal, and asthma diseases. Current smokers had lower CURB-65 (confusion, uremia, respiratory rate, BP, age ≥ 65 years) scores, although 40% had severe sepsis at diagnosis. Current smoking was an independent risk factor (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8-13.5; P = .001) for 30-day mortality of pneumococcal CAP after adjusting for age (OR, 1.06; P = .001), liver disease (OR, 4.5), sepsis (OR, 2.3), antibiotic adherence to guidelines, and first antibiotic dose given < 6 h. The independent risk effect of current smokers remained when compared only with nonsmokers (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.3-12.6; P = .015) or to exsmokers (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.09-4.95; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS Current smokers with pneumococcal CAP often develop severe sepsis and require hospitalization at a younger age, despite fewer comorbid conditions. Smoking increases the risk of 30-day mortality independently of tobacco-related comorbidity, age, and comorbid conditions. Current smokers should be actively targeted for preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Bello
- The Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Rosario Menéndez
- Servicio de Neumología, IIS Hospital Universitario la Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Torres Antoni
- Servei de Pneumologia, Institut Clinic del Torax, Universitat de Barcelona, Ciberes GRS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Soledad Reyes
- Servicio de Neumología, IIS Hospital Universitario la Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier Aspa
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital de la Princesa Spain, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Borderías
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital San Jorge, Huesca, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jordi Rello
- Critical Care, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca Vall d'Hebron-UAB, CIBERES, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Molinos Luis
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Ruiz-Manzano
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. Over the past several decades, alcohol abuse and cigarette smoke exposure have been identified as risk factors for the development of ARDS. The mechanisms underlying these relationships are complex and remain under investigation but are thought to involve pulmonary immune impairment and alveolar epithelial and endothelial dysfunction. This review summarizes the epidemiologic data supporting links between these exposures and ARDS susceptibility and outcomes and highlights key mechanistic investigations that provide insight into the pathways by which each exposure is linked to ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Moazed
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M1097 Box 0111, San Francisco, CA 94143-0111, USA
| | - Carolyn S Calfee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, M1097 Box 0111, San Francisco, CA 94143-0111, USA.
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8
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Herberth M, Rahmoune H, Schwarz E, Koethe D, Harris LW, Kranaster L, Witt SH, Spain M, Barnes A, Schmolz M, Leweke MF, Guest PC, Bahn S. Identification of a molecular profile associated with immune status in first-onset schizophrenia patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:207-15. [PMID: 23395839 DOI: 10.3371/csrp.hera.020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in immunological parameters have been reported for schizophrenia although little is known about the effects of inflammatory status on immune-related functional changes at disease onset. Here, we have investigated such T cell-dependent molecular changes in first-onset, antipsychotic-naive schizophrenia patients using a novel ex vivo blood culture system. METHODS Blood samples from patients (n=17) and controls (n=17) were collected into stimulant-containing or null control TruCulture™ tubes, incubated 24 hours and the concentrations of 107 immune and metabolic molecules measured in the conditioned media using the HumanMAP™ immunoassay system. RESULTS Nine molecules showed altered release from schizophrenia blood cells compared to those from controls and this was replicated in an independent cohort. In silico pathway analysis showed that these molecules had roles in endothelial cell function, inflammation, acute phase response and fibrinolysis pathways. Importantly, five of these molecules showed altered release only after stimulation. CONCLUSIONS This study has identified a reproducible peripheral molecular signature associated with altered immune function in first-onset schizophrenia subjects. This suggests that immune status can affect the biomarker profile which could be important for personalized medicine strategies. Furthermore, whole blood culture analysis may be useful in the identification of diagnostic tools or novel treatment strategies due to ease-of-use and clinical accessibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlis Herberth
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Emanuel Schwarz
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Dagmar Koethe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Laura W Harris
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Laura Kranaster
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | | | - Manfred Schmolz
- EDI GmbH, Experimentelle & Diagnostische Immunologie, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Markus F Leweke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QT, UK
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9
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Zuo L, He F, Sergakis GG, Koozehchian MS, Stimpfl JN, Rong Y, Diaz PT, Best TM. Interrelated role of cigarette smoking, oxidative stress, and immune response in COPD and corresponding treatments. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L205-18. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00330.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) can impact the immune system and induce pulmonary disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which is currently the fourth leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accordingly, the most significant risk factor associated with COPD is exposure to cigarette smoke. The purpose of the present study is to provide an updated overview of the literature regarding the effect of CS on the immune system and lungs, the mechanism of CS-induced COPD and oxidative stress, as well as the available and potential treatment options for CS-induced COPD. An extensive literature search was conducted on the PubMed/Medline databases to review current COPD treatment research, available in the English language, dating from 1976 to 2014. Studies have investigated the mechanism by which CS elicits detrimental effects on the immune system and pulmonary function through the use of human and animal subjects. A strong relationship among continued tobacco use, oxidative stress, and exacerbation of COPD symptoms is frequently observed in COPD subjects. In addition, therapeutic approaches emphasizing smoking cessation have been developed, incorporating counseling and nicotine replacement therapy. However, the inability to reverse COPD progression establishes the need for improved preventative and therapeutic strategies, such as a combination of intensive smoking cessation treatment and pharmaceutical therapy, focusing on immune homeostasis and redox balance. CS initiates a complex interplay between oxidative stress and the immune response in COPD. Therefore, multiple approaches such as smoking cessation, counseling, and pharmaceutical therapies targeting inflammation and oxidative stress are recommended for COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zuo
- Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Feng He
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Georgianna G. Sergakis
- Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Majid S. Koozehchian
- Exercise and Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Julia N. Stimpfl
- Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Yi Rong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio; and
| | - Philip T. Diaz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas M. Best
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, Sports Health & Performance Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
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10
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Woolpert T, Phillips CJ, Sevick C, Crum-Cianflone NF, Blair PJ, Faix D. Health-related behaviors and effectiveness of trivalent inactivated versus live attenuated influenza vaccine in preventing influenza-like illness among young adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102154. [PMID: 25013931 PMCID: PMC4094506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination is the preferred preventive strategy against influenza. Though health behaviors are known to affect immunity and vaccine delivery modes utilize different immune processes, data regarding the preferred influenza vaccine type among adults endorsing specific health-related behaviors (alcohol use, tobacco use, and exercise level) are limited. METHODS The relative effectiveness of two currently available influenza vaccines were compared for prevention of influenza-like illness during 2 well-matched influenza seasons (2006/2007, 2008/2009) among US military personnel aged 18-49 years. Relative vaccine effectiveness was compared between those self-reporting and not reporting recent smoking history and potential alcohol problem, and by exercise level using Cox proportional hazard modeling adjusted for sociodemographic and military factors, geographic area, and other health behaviors. RESULTS 28,929 vaccination events and 3936 influenza-like illness events over both influenza seasons were studied. Of subjects, 27.5% were smokers, 7.7% had a potential alcohol-related problem, 10.5% reported minimal exercise, and 4.4% reported high exercise levels. Overall, the risk of influenza-like illness did not significantly differ between live attenuated and trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine recipients (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-1.06). In the final adjusted model, the relative effectiveness of the 2 vaccine types did not differ by smoking status (p = 0.10), alcohol status (p = 0.21), or activity level (p = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Live attenuated and trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines were similarly effective in preventing influenza-like illness among young adults and did not differ by health-related behavior status. Influenza vaccine efforts should continue to focus simply on delivering vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabitha Woolpert
- Operational Infectious Diseases, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher J. Phillips
- Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Carter Sevick
- Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Nancy F. Crum-Cianflone
- Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. Blair
- Operational Infectious Diseases, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Dennis Faix
- Operational Infectious Diseases, Naval Health Research Center, San Diego, California, United States of America
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Imboden M, Probst-Hensch NM. Biobanking across the phenome - at the center of chronic disease research. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:1094. [PMID: 24274136 PMCID: PMC4222669 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recognized public health relevant risk factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, smoking or air pollution are common to many non-communicable diseases (NCDs). NCDs cluster and co-morbidities increase in parallel to age. Pleiotropic genes and genetic variants have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) linking NCD entities hitherto thought to be distant in etiology. These different lines of evidence suggest that NCD disease mechanisms are in part shared. Discussion Identification of common exogenous and endogenous risk patterns may promote efficient prevention, an urgent need in the light of the global NCD epidemic. The prerequisite to investigate causal risk patterns including biologic, genetic and environmental factors across different NCDs are well characterized cohorts with associated biobanks. Prospectively collected data and biospecimen from subjects of various age, sociodemographic, and cultural groups, both healthy and affected by one or more NCD, are essential for exploring biologic mechanisms and susceptibilities interlinking different environmental and lifestyle exposures, co-morbidities, as well as cellular senescence and aging. A paradigm shift in the research activities can currently be observed, moving from focused investigations on the effect of a single risk factor on an isolated health outcome to a more comprehensive assessment of risk patterns and a broader phenome approach. Though important methodological and analytical challenges need to be resolved, the ongoing international efforts to establish large-scale population-based biobank cohorts are a critical basis for moving NCD disease etiology forward. Summary Future epidemiologic and public health research should aim at sustaining a comprehensive systems view on health and disease. The political and public discussions about the utilitarian aspect of investing in and contributing to cohort and biobank research are essential and are indirectly linked to the achievement of public health programs effectively addressing the global NCD epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.
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Offidani E, Ruini C. Psychobiological correlates of allostatic overload in a healthy population. Brain Behav Immun 2012; 26:284-91. [PMID: 22001184 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2011.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of allostatic load (AL) represents the cost of the continual adjustment of the internal milieu required by an organism to adapt to different challenges. The majority of studies concerning AL have focused mainly on identifying its biological components. Recently, new criteria for a clinimetric evaluation of AL have been introduced, adding a new definition of allostatic overload (AO). This study aims to identify psychological and biological correlates of AO in a population of blood donors, according to this new definition of AO. Participants included 240 blood donors recruited from May 2007 to December 2009 in 4 different blood Centers. Blood samples from each participant were collected for laboratory analysis and self-rating instruments were administered on the same day. Biological parameters included those usually assessed during blood donation. Individuals were selected based on the criteria for the clinimetric evaluation of AO. Differences in biomarkers between subjects with and without allostatic overload were performed using the GLM with biological measures as dependent variables, AO groups as the fixed factor and specific confounders as covariates. Based on the selection criteria for allostatic overload, 98 subjects have been identified as presenting with AO. Results showed that individuals with allostatic overload presented lower levels of serum proteins, erythrocytes and immune differential count than donors without allostatic overload. Further, greater mean corpuscular volume has been found in persons included in the AO group. The evaluation of the AO correlates, along with a biomarker profile, may help to identify those conditions that, by exceeding individual resources, may constitute a danger to health.
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Murine Model of Chronic Respiratory Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 780:125-41. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5632-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Decreased serum antibody responses to recombinant pneumocystis antigens in HIV-infected and uninfected current smokers. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2010; 18:380-6. [PMID: 21191078 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00421-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Serologic studies can provide important insights into the epidemiology and transmission of Pneumocystis jirovecii. Exposure to P. jirovecii can be assessed by serum antibody responses to recombinant antigens from the major surface glycoprotein (MsgC), although factors that influence the magnitude of the antibody response are incompletely understood. We determined the magnitudes of antibody responses to P. jirovecii in comparison to adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in HIV-infected and uninfected patients and identified predictors associated with the magnitude of the response. We performed a cross-sectional analysis using serum samples and data from 153 HIV-positive and 92 HIV-negative subjects enrolled in a feasibility study of the Veterans Aging Cohort 5 Site Study (VACS 5). Antibodies were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Independent predictors of antibody responses were determined using multivariate Tobit regression models. The results showed that serum antibody responses to P. jirovecii MsgC fragments were significantly and independently decreased in current smokers. Antibodies to P. jirovecii also tended to be lower with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hazardous alcohol use, injection drug use, and HIV infection, although these results were not statistically significant. These results were specific to P. jirovecii and did not correlate with adenovirus. Antibody responses to RSV were in the inverse direction. Thus, current smoking was independently associated with decreased P. jirovecii antibody responses. Whether smoking exerts an immunosuppressive effect that affects the P. jirovecii antibody response, colonization, or subsequent risk for disease is unclear; prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate these findings further.
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Werler MM. Hypothesis: could Epstein-Barr virus play a role in the development of gastroschisis? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 88:71-5. [PMID: 19937602 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The strong inverse association between maternal age and risk of gastroschisis in offspring has spurred many investigators to hypothesize that behaviors among younger females are the cause. Examples include cigarette smoking, illicit drugs, genitourinary infections, and sexually transmitted diseases, each of which has been reported to be associated with gastroschisis. Although these exposures are more common in young women, recent studies have shown that cigarette smoking, genitourinary infections, and sexually transmitted diseases are most strongly associated with gastroschisis in older women. There is both anecdotal and published evidence showing that gastroschisis sometimes (but not always) occurs in clusters, raising the possibility that an infectious agent might be involved in its pathogenesis. RESULTS One such agent whose epidemiologic characteristics parallel those of gastroschisis is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Primary EBV infection in early childhood has been decreasing over time, leaving a greater proportion of adolescents at risk, as reflected by increased rates of infectious mononucleosis over time. During the childbearing years, risk of primary EBV infection decreases dramatically, as does risk of gastroschisis. The stronger risks of gastroschisis associated with cigarette smoking, genitourinary infections, and sexually transmitted diseases in older women might be explained by EBV reactivation resulting from multiple challenges to immune response such as pregnancy, age, toxic exposures, and genitourinary and sexually transmitted infections. CONCLUSION EBV and other herpes viruses should be added to the research agenda for gastroschisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Werler
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA.
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Bouloukaki I, Tsoumakidou M, Vardavas CI, Mitrouska I, Koutala E, Siafakas NM, Schiza SE, Tzanakis N. Maintained smoking cessation for 6 months equilibrates the percentage of sputum CD8+ lymphocyte cells with that of nonsmokers. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2009:812102. [PMID: 20182552 PMCID: PMC2826878 DOI: 10.1155/2009/812102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the longitudinal effects of smoking cessation on sputum inflammatory cells. We aimed to investigate the changes in sputum inflammatory cells and T-lymphocyte subpopulations after 6 and 12 months smoking cessation. Induced sputum was obtained from 68 healthy smokers before and after 6 months (n = 21) and 1 year (n = 14) smoking cessation and from ten healthy never-smokers. Inflammatory cells were identified by morphology and T-lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry. Sputum macrophages were decreased after 12 months of smoking cessation in comparison to baseline, while neutrophils increased. Moreover, CD8+ T-cells were decreased in smokers before smoking cessation compared to never-smokers and increased in smokers after 6 months of smoking cessation in comparison to baseline; result that was maintained after 1 year of smoking cessation. These novel findings indicate that smoking cessation can equilibrate certain inflammatory cells of smokers with those of nonsmokers, within 6 months of smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izolde Bouloukaki
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, University General Hospital, Medical School of the University of Crete, 71110 Heraklion, Greece.
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