1
|
Shuvalova M, Dmitrieva A, Belousov V, Nosov G. The role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of the blood-brain barrier. Tissue Barriers 2024:2361202. [PMID: 38808582 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2024.2361202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates the exchange of metabolites and cells between the blood and brain, and maintains central nervous system homeostasis. Various factors affect BBB barrier functions, including reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can act as stressors, damaging biological molecules, but they also serve as secondary messengers in intracellular signaling cascades during redox signaling. The impact of ROS on the BBB has been observed in multiple sclerosis, stroke, trauma, and other neurological disorders, making blocking ROS generation a promising therapeutic strategy for BBB dysfunction. However, it is important to consider ROS generation during normal BBB functioning for signaling purposes. This review summarizes data on proteins expressed by BBB cells that can be targets of redox signaling or oxidative stress. It also provides examples of signaling molecules whose impact may cause ROS generation in the BBB, as well as discusses the most common diseases associated with BBB dysfunction and excessive ROS generation, open questions that arise in the study of this problem, and possible ways to overcome them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita Shuvalova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of metabolism and redox biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Dmitrieva
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vsevolod Belousov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Department of metabolism and redox biology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgii Nosov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies (LIFT) Center, Skolkovo, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang W, Zhou Y, Li W, Quan C, Li Y. Claudins and hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116109. [PMID: 38185042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a high incidence and dismal prognosis, making it a significant global health burden. To change this, the development of new therapeutic strategies is imminent. The claudin (CLDN) family, as key components of tight junctions (TJs), plays an important role in the initiation and development of cancer. Dysregulated expression of CLDNs leads to loss of intercellular adhesion and aberrant cell signaling, which are closely related to cancer cell invasion, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). CLDN1, CLDN3, CLDN4, CLDN5, CLDN6, CLDN7, CLDN9, CLDN10, CLDN11, CLDN14, and CLDN17 are aberrantly expressed in HCC, which drives the progression of the disease. Consequently, they have tremendous potential as prognostic indicators and therapeutic targets. This article summarizes the aberrant expression, molecular mechanisms, and clinical application studies of different subtypes of CLDNs in HCC, with a particular emphasis on CLDN1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; The Second Norman Bethune College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China; The First Norman Bethune College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Chengshi Quan
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yanru Li
- The Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Avenue, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moonwiriyakit A, Pathomthongtaweechai N, Steinhagen PR, Chantawichitwong P, Satianrapapong W, Pongkorpsakol P. Tight junctions: from molecules to gastrointestinal diseases. Tissue Barriers 2022; 11:2077620. [PMID: 35621376 PMCID: PMC10161963 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2077620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium functions as a tissue barrier to prevent interaction between the internal compartment and the external milieu. Intestinal barrier function also determines epithelial polarity for the absorption of nutrients and the secretion of waste products. These vital functions require strong integrity of tight junction proteins. In fact, intestinal tight junctions that seal the paracellular space can restrict mucosal-to-serosal transport of hostile luminal contents. Tight junctions can form both an absolute barrier and a paracellular ion channel. Although defective tight junctions potentially lead to compromised intestinal barrier and the development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, no FDA-approved therapies that recover the epithelial tight junction barrier are currently available in clinical practice. Here, we discuss the impacts and regulatory mechanisms of tight junction disruption in the gut and related diseases. We also provide an overview of potential therapeutic targets to restore the epithelial tight junction barrier in the GI tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aekkacha Moonwiriyakit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Nutthapoom Pathomthongtaweechai
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Peter R Steinhagen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Pawin Pongkorpsakol
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Friis T, Wikström AK, Acurio J, León J, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Nelander M, Åkerud H, Kaihola H, Cluver C, Troncoso F, Torres-Vergara P, Escudero C, Bergman L. Cerebral Biomarkers and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Preeclampsia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050789. [PMID: 35269411 PMCID: PMC8909006 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral complications in preeclampsia contribute substantially to maternal mortality and morbidity. There is a lack of reliable and accessible predictors for preeclampsia-related cerebral complications. In this study, plasma from women with preeclampsia (n = 28), women with normal pregnancies (n = 28) and non-pregnant women (n = 16) was analyzed for concentrations of the cerebral biomarkers neurofilament light (NfL), tau, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B. Then, an in vitro blood−brain barrier (BBB) model, based on the human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell line (hCMEC/D3), was employed to assess the effect of plasma from the three study groups. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) was used as an estimation of BBB integrity. NfL and tau are proteins expressed in axons, NSE in neurons and S100B in glial cells and are used as biomarkers for neurological injury in other diseases such as dementia, traumatic brain injury and hypoxic brain injury. Plasma concentrations of NfL, tau, NSE and S100B were all higher in women with preeclampsia compared with women with normal pregnancies (8.85 vs. 5.25 ng/L, p < 0.001; 2.90 vs. 2.40 ng/L, p < 0.05; 3.50 vs. 2.37 µg/L, p < 0.001 and 0.08 vs. 0.05 µg/L, p < 0.01, respectively). Plasma concentrations of NfL were also higher in women with preeclampsia compared with non-pregnant women (p < 0.001). Higher plasma concentrations of the cerebral biomarker NfL were associated with decreased TEER (p = 0.002) in an in vitro model of the BBB, a finding which indicates that NfL could be a promising biomarker for BBB alterations in preeclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Therese Friis
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.-K.W.); (M.N.); (L.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-18-611-6613
| | - Anna-Karin Wikström
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.-K.W.); (M.N.); (L.B.)
| | - Jesenia Acurio
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán 3810178, Chile; (J.A.); (J.L.); (F.T.); (C.E.)
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillán 3810178, Chile;
| | - José León
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán 3810178, Chile; (J.A.); (J.L.); (F.T.); (C.E.)
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillán 3810178, Chile;
- Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles 4441171, Chile
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden; (H.Z.); (K.B.)
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden; (H.Z.); (K.B.)
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43180 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Maria Nelander
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.-K.W.); (M.N.); (L.B.)
| | - Helena Åkerud
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (H.Å.); (H.K.)
| | - Helena Kaihola
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (H.Å.); (H.K.)
| | - Catherine Cluver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7500, South Africa;
| | - Felipe Troncoso
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán 3810178, Chile; (J.A.); (J.L.); (F.T.); (C.E.)
| | - Pablo Torres-Vergara
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillán 3810178, Chile;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, Chile
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán 3810178, Chile; (J.A.); (J.L.); (F.T.); (C.E.)
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillán 3810178, Chile;
| | - Lina Bergman
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden; (A.-K.W.); (M.N.); (L.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7500, South Africa;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gothenburg University, 41650 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rambabu M, Jayanthi S. Screening approaches against claudin-4 focusing on therapeutics through molecular docking and the analysis of their relative dynamics: a theoretical approach. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:436-441. [PMID: 32321343 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1752717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Claudin-4 (CLDN4) is a class of transmembrane protein in the family of tight junction (TJ) proteins. Overexpression of CLDN4 is reported in the case of ovarian cancer and epithelial malignancies. The current study is focused on the identification of lead compounds for CLDN4 adopting the structure-based drug design method. The Schrodinger glide is used as a molecular docking tool for the initial docking of CLDN4 with Asinex Database by performing high throughput virtual screening, top hits were identified. Then, compounds BDF 33196188 and BDE 30874918 were identified by molecular docking based on binding energy in the active site of CLDN4. Subsequently, critical residues were identified such as Asp146 and Arg158 with the least binding energy from Extra Precision method. Further, molecular dynamics simulations of claudin-4 protein were used for the optimization of best ligands with claudin-4 in a dynamic system. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations predicted critically important residues ASP146 and ARG158 involved in claudin-4 binding. The hits retrieved from screening were docked into protein by relevant procedures including HTVS, SP, and XP. Finally, two molecules were identified as potential claudin-4 inhibitors. The two ligands BDF 33196188 and BDE 30874918 are suggested as potential inhibitors for CLDN4. In summary, our computational strategy established novel leads against CLDN4 from Asinex Database and recommended as anti-cancer agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majji Rambabu
- Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Sivaraman Jayanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rajagopal N, Irudayanathan FJ, Nangia S. Computational Nanoscopy of Tight Junctions at the Blood-Brain Barrier Interface. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5583. [PMID: 31717316 PMCID: PMC6888702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The selectivity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is primarily maintained by tight junctions (TJs), which act as gatekeepers of the paracellular space by blocking blood-borne toxins, drugs, and pathogens from entering the brain. The BBB presents a significant challenge in designing neurotherapeutics, so a comprehensive understanding of the TJ architecture can aid in the design of novel therapeutics. Unraveling the intricacies of TJs with conventional experimental techniques alone is challenging, but recently developed computational tools can provide a valuable molecular-level understanding of TJ architecture. We employed the computational methods toolkit to investigate claudin-5, a highly expressed TJ protein at the BBB interface. Our approach started with the prediction of claudin-5 structure, evaluation of stable dimer conformations and nanoscale assemblies, followed by the impact of lipid environments, and posttranslational modifications on these claudin-5 assemblies. These led to the study of TJ pores and barriers and finally understanding of ion and small molecule transport through the TJs. Some of these in silico, molecular-level findings, will need to be corroborated by future experiments. The resulting understanding can be advantageous towards the eventual goal of drug delivery across the BBB. This review provides key insights gleaned from a series of state-of-the-art nanoscale simulations (or computational nanoscopy studies) performed on the TJ architecture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shikha Nangia
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bracamonte SE, Johnston PR, Knopf K, Monaghan MT. Experimental infection with Anguillicola crassus alters immune gene expression in both spleen and head kidney of the European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Mar Genomics 2019; 45:28-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
8
|
Rajagopal N, Irudayanathan FJ, Nangia S. Palmitoylation of Claudin-5 Proteins Influences Their Lipid Domain Affinity and Tight Junction Assembly at the Blood–Brain Barrier Interface. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:983-993. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b09535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nandhini Rajagopal
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse 13244, United States
| | | | - Shikha Nangia
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse 13244, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pradhan-Sundd T, Vats R, Russell JM, Singh S, Michael AA, Molina L, Kakar S, Cornuet P, Poddar M, Watkins SC, Nejak-Bowen KN, Monga SP, Sundd P. Dysregulated Bile Transporters and Impaired Tight Junctions During Chronic Liver Injury in Mice. Gastroenterology 2018; 155:1218-1232.e24. [PMID: 29964040 PMCID: PMC6174089 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver fibrosis, hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation, and proliferation of liver progenitor cells are features of chronic liver injury. Mouse models have been used to study the end-stage pathophysiology of chronic liver injury. However, little is known about differences in the mechanisms of liver injury among different mouse models because of our inability to visualize the progression of liver injury in vivo in mice. We developed a method to visualize bile transport and blood-bile barrier (BBlB) integrity in live mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were fed a choline-deficient, ethionine-supplemented (CDE) diet or a diet containing 0.1% 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) for up to 4 weeks to induce chronic liver injury. We used quantitative liver intravital microscopy (qLIM) for real-time assessment of bile transport and BBlB integrity in the intact livers of the live mice fed the CDE, DDC, or chow (control) diets. Liver tissues were collected from mice and analyzed by histology, immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblots. RESULTS Mice with liver injury induced by a CDE or a DDC diet had breaches in the BBlB and impaired bile secretion, observed by qLIM compared with control mice. Impaired bile secretion was associated with reduced expression of several tight-junction proteins (claudins 3, 5, and 7) and bile transporters (NTCP, OATP1, BSEP, ABCG5, and ABCG8). A prolonged (2-week) CDE, but not DDC, diet led to re-expression of tight junction proteins and bile transporters, concomitant with the reestablishment of BBlB integrity and bile secretion. CONCLUSIONS We used qLIM to study chronic liver injury, induced by a choline-deficient or DDC diet, in mice. Progression of chronic liver injury was accompanied by loss of bile transporters and tight junction proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Vats
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jacqueline M Russell
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sucha Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Laura Molina
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shelly Kakar
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Pamela Cornuet
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Minakshi Poddar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Kari N Nejak-Bowen
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Satdarshan P. Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA,Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Prithu Sundd
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ma X, Sun Q, Sun X, Chen D, Wei C, Yu X, Liu C, Li Y, Li J. Activation of GABA A Receptors in Colon Epithelium Exacerbates Acute Colitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:987. [PMID: 29867964 PMCID: PMC5949344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has many beneficial effects such as ameliorating immune and inflammatory response. But, here we reported that activation of GABAA receptors (GABAA Rs) aggravated dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, although the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was inhibited. By contrast, blocking of GABAA Rs markedly alleviated DSS-induced colitis. Notably, GABAA Rs and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65/67 were significantly increased in colon mucosa of ulcerative colitis patients and the mouse model of colitis. Further studies showed that GABA treatment resulted in an increment of serum FITC-dextran following its oral administration, a decrement of transepithelial electrical resistance, and an increment of bacterial invasion, effects which were blocked by bicuculline. In addition, GABA inhibited the expression of tight junction proteins and mucin secretion in colitis colon. GABA also decreased the expression of ki-67 and increased cleaved-caspase 3 expression in intestinal epithelia. Our data indicate that the GABAA Rs activation within colon mucosa disrupts the intestinal barrier and increases the intestinal permeability which facilitates inflammatory reaction in colon. Meanwhile, the suppression effect of GABA on pro-inflammatory cytokines leads to insufficient bacteria elimination and further aggravated the bacteria invasion and inflammatory damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelian Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaotong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Laboratory of Medical Chemistry, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Chuanfei Wei
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Centre for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanyong Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingxin Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Z, Fan X, Xi H, Ji R, Shen H, Shi A, He J. Effect of local scrotal heating on the expression of tight junction-associated molecule Occludin in boar testes. Reprod Domest Anim 2018; 53:458-462. [PMID: 29330895 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether local scrotal heating (42°C, for 1 hr) had an effect on the expression of tight junction (TJ)-associated molecule Occludin in boar testes. Adult boars (Landrace, n = 6) were used and randomly divided into two groups (n = 3 each). Three boars were given local scrotal exposure to 42°C for approximately 1 h with a home-made electric blanket of controlled temperature as local scrotal heating group, the other three boars received no heat treatment and were left at standard room temperature as control group. After 6 hr, all boars were castrated and the testes were harvested. qRT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to explore the expression and localization of Occludin. qRT-PCR and Western blotting showed that the protein and mRNA levels of Occludin significantly decreased in local scrotal heating group as compared to the control. Furthermore, immunoreactivity staining of Occludin was localized at the sites of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) and formed an almost consecutive and strong immunoreactivity strand in the control, while Occludin was limited to Sertoli cells (SCs) and no obvious immunoreactivity strand was present in local scrotal heating group. These data indicated that local scrotal heating decreased the expression of TJ-associated molecule Occludin, which may be involved in heat-induced spermatogenesis damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - X Fan
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - H Xi
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - R Ji
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - H Shen
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - A Shi
- Landscape Administration, Yangquan, China
| | - J He
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Liu F, Koval M, Ranganathan S, Fanayan S, Hancock WS, Lundberg EK, Beavis RC, Lane L, Duek P, McQuade L, Kelleher NL, Baker MS. Systems Proteomics View of the Endogenous Human Claudin Protein Family. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:339-59. [PMID: 26680015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Claudins are the major transmembrane protein components of tight junctions in human endothelia and epithelia. Tissue-specific expression of claudin members suggests that this protein family is not only essential for sustaining the role of tight junctions in cell permeability control but also vital in organizing cell contact signaling by protein-protein interactions. How this protein family is collectively processed and regulated is key to understanding the role of junctional proteins in preserving cell identity and tissue integrity. The focus of this review is to first provide a brief overview of the functional context, on the basis of the extensive body of claudin biology research that has been thoroughly reviewed, for endogenous human claudin members and then ascertain existing and future proteomics techniques that may be applicable to systematically characterizing the chemical forms and interacting protein partners of this protein family in human. The ability to elucidate claudin-based signaling networks may provide new insight into cell development and differentiation programs that are crucial to tissue stability and manipulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Koval
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine , 205 Whitehead Biomedical Research Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | | | | | - William S Hancock
- Barnett Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Emma K Lundberg
- SciLifeLab, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) , SE-171 21 Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ronald C Beavis
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba , 744 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Lydie Lane
- SIB-Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics , CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Paula Duek
- SIB-Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics , CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Neil L Kelleher
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular Biosciences, and Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University , 2145 North Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
McMillan M, Andronicos N, Davey R, Stockwell S, Hinch G, Schmoelzl S. Claudin-8 expression in Sertoli cells and putative spermatogonial stem cells in the bovine testis. Reprod Fertil Dev 2015; 26:633-44. [PMID: 23673210 DOI: 10.1071/rd12259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion molecules are expressed by both adult and embryonic stem cells, with different classes of adhesion molecules involved in cell-membrane and intercellular contacts. In this study the expression of the adhesion molecule claudin-8 (CLDN8), a tight-junction protein, was investigated as a potential marker for undifferentiated spermatogonia in the bovine testis. We found that CLDN8 was expressed by both spermatogonia and a subset of Sertoli cells in the bovine testis. We also showed co-expression of GFRα1 in testis cells with CLDN8 and with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin-fluorescein isothiocyanate (DBA-FITC) staining. We observed co-enrichment of spermatogonia and CLDN8-expressing Sertoli cells in DBA-FITC-assisted magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS), an observation supported by results from fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, which showed CLDN8-expressing cells were over-represented in the MACS-positive cell fraction, leading to the hypothesis that CLDN8 may play a role in the spermatogonial stem-cell niche.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary McMillan
- CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Nicholas Andronicos
- CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, F. D. McMaster Laboratory, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Rhonda Davey
- CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Sally Stockwell
- CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - Geoff Hinch
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Sabine Schmoelzl
- CSIRO Food Futures National Research Flagship, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Luissint AC, Nusrat A, Parkos CA. JAM-related proteins in mucosal homeostasis and inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:211-26. [PMID: 24667924 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal surfaces are lined by epithelial cells that form a physical barrier protecting the body against external noxious substances and pathogens. At a molecular level, the mucosal barrier is regulated by tight junctions (TJs) that seal the paracellular space between adjacent epithelial cells. Transmembrane proteins within TJs include junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) that belong to the cortical thymocyte marker for Xenopus family of proteins. JAM family encompasses three classical members (JAM-A, JAM-B, and JAM-C) and related molecules including JAM4, JAM-like protein, Coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR), CAR-like membrane protein and endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule. JAMs have multiple functions that include regulation of endothelial and epithelial paracellular permeability, leukocyte recruitment during inflammation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and proliferation. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the roles of the JAM family members in the regulation of mucosal homeostasis and leukocyte trafficking with a particular emphasis on barrier function and its perturbation during pathological inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anny-Claude Luissint
- Epithelial pathobiology and mucosal inflammation research unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, 30306, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Christensen EI, Wagner CA, Kaissling B. Uriniferous tubule: structural and functional organization. Compr Physiol 2013; 2:805-61. [PMID: 23961562 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The uriniferous tubule is divided into the proximal tubule, the intermediate (thin) tubule, the distal tubule and the collecting duct. The present chapter is based on the chapters by Maunsbach and Christensen on the proximal tubule, and by Kaissling and Kriz on the distal tubule and collecting duct in the 1992 edition of the Handbook of Physiology, Renal Physiology. It describes the fine structure (light and electron microscopy) of the entire mammalian uriniferous tubule, mainly in rats, mice, and rabbits. The structural data are complemented by recent data on the location of the major transport- and transport-regulating proteins, revealed by morphological means(immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and/or mRNA in situ hybridization). The structural differences along the uriniferous tubule strictly coincide with the distribution of the major luminal and basolateral transport proteins and receptors and both together provide the basis for the subdivision of the uriniferous tubule into functional subunits. Data on structural adaptation to defined functional changes in vivo and to genetical alterations of specified proteins involved in transepithelial transport importantly deepen our comprehension of the correlation of structure and function in the kidney, of the role of each segment or cell type in the overall renal function,and our understanding of renal pathophysiology.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ye P, Yu H, Simonian M, Hunter N. Expression patterns of tight junction components induced by CD24 in an oral epithelial cell-culture model correlated to affected periodontal tissues. J Periodontal Res 2013; 49:253-9. [PMID: 23713517 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Previously we demonstrated uniformly strong expression of CD24 in the epithelial attachment to the tooth and in the migrating epithelium of the periodontitis lesion. Titers of serum antibodies autoreactive with CD24 peptide correlated with reduced severity of periodontal disease. Ligation of CD24 expressed by oral epithelial cells induced formation of tight junctions that limited paracellular diffusion. In this study, we aimed to reveal that the lack of uniform expression of tight junction components in the pocket epithelium of periodontitis lesions is likely to contribute to increased paracellular permeability to bacterial products. This is proposed as a potential driver of the immunopathology of periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS An epithelial culture model with close correspondence for expression patterns for tight junction components in periodontal epithelia was used. Immunohistochemical staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy were used to analyse patterns of expression of gingival epithelial tight junction components. RESULTS The minimally inflamed gingival attachment was characterized by uniformly strong staining at cell contacts for the tight junction components zona occludens-1, zona occludens-2, occludin, junction adhesion molecule-A, claudin-4 and claudin-15. In contrast, the pocket epithelium of the periodontal lesion showed scattered, uneven staining for these components. This pattern correlated closely with that of unstimulated oral epithelial cells in culture. Following ligation of CD24 expressed by these cells, the pattern of tight junction component expression of the minimally inflamed gingival attachment developed rapidly. CONCLUSION There was evidence for non-uniform and focal expression only of tight junction components in the pocket epithelium. In the cell-culture model, ligation of CD24 induced a tight junction expression profile equivalent to that observed for the minimally inflamed gingival attachment. Ligation of CD24 expressed by gingival epithelial cells by lectin-like receptors of commensal oral streptococci could mediate the phenotype of health, whereas pathogenic organisms associated with periodontal disease might not signal effectively through CD24.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Ye
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia; Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alves MG, Martins AD, Cavaco JE, Socorro S, Oliveira PF. Diabetes, insulin-mediated glucose metabolism and Sertoli/blood-testis barrier function. Tissue Barriers 2013; 1:e23992. [PMID: 24665384 PMCID: PMC3875609 DOI: 10.4161/tisb.23992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Revised: 02/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood testis barrier (BTB) is one of the tightest blood-barriers controlling the entry of substances into the intratubular fluid. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is an epidemic metabolic disease concurrent with falling fertility rates, which provokes severe detrimental BTB alterations. It induces testicular alterations, disrupting the metabolic cooperation between the cellular constituents of BTB, with dramatic consequences on sperm quality and fertility. As Sertoli cells are involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis, providing nutritional support for germ cells, any metabolic alteration in these cells derived from DM may be responsible for spermatogenesis disruption, playing a crucial role in fertility/subfertility associated with this pathology. These cells have a glucose sensing machinery that reacts to hormonal fluctuations and several mechanisms to counteract hyper/hypoglycemic events. The role of DM on Sertoli/BTB glucose metabolism dynamics and the metabolic molecular mechanisms through which DM and insulin deregulation alter its functioning, affecting male reproductive potential will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco G. Alves
- CICS-UBI; Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana D. Martins
- CICS-UBI; Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã, Portugal
| | - José E. Cavaco
- CICS-UBI; Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI; Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- CICS-UBI; Health Sciences Research Centre; University of Beira Interior; Covilhã, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Epithelial tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 protects against intestinal inflammation in mice. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:2275-84. [PMID: 23530062 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00043-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms of PTPN11 encoding SHP-2 are biomarkers for ulcerative colitis (UC) susceptibility. However, their functional relevance is unknown. We thus investigated the role of epithelial SHP-2 in the control of intestinal homeostasis. Mice with an intestinal epithelial cell-specific SHP-2 deletion (SHP-2(IEC-KO) mice) were generated. Control and SHP-2(IEC-KO) mice were monitored for clinical symptoms and sacrificed for histological staining and Western blot analyses. Cytokines and chemokines, as well as intestinal permeability, were quantified. SHP-2 mRNA expression was evaluated in control and UC patients. SHP-2(IEC-KO) mice showed growth retardation compared to control littermates and rapidly developed severe colitis. Colon architecture was markedly altered with infiltration of immune cells, crypt abscesses, neutrophil accumulation, and reduced goblet cell numbers. Decreased expression of claudins was associated with enhanced intestinal permeability in mutant SHP-2(IEC-KO) mice. Inflammatory transcription factors Stat3 and NF-κB were hyperactivated early in the mutant colonic epithelium. Levels of several epithelial chemokines and cytokines were markedly enhanced in SHP-2(IEC-KO) mice. Of note, antibiotic treatment remarkably impaired the development of colitis in SHP-2(IEC-KO) mice. Finally, SHP-2 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in intestinal biopsy specimens from UC patients. Our results establish intestinal epithelial SHP-2 as a critical determinant for prevention of gut inflammation.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Tight junctions consist of many proteins, including transmembrane and associated cytoplasmic proteins, which act to provide a barrier regulating transport across epithelial and endothelial tissues. These junctions are dynamic structures that are able to maintain barrier function during tissue remodelling and rapidly alter it in response to extracellular signals. Individual components of tight junctions also show dynamic behaviour, including migration within the junction and exchange in and out of the junctions. In addition, it is becoming clear that some tight junction proteins undergo continuous endocytosis and recycling back to the plasma membrane. Regulation of endocytic trafficking of junctional proteins may provide a way of rapidly remodelling junctions and will be the focus of this chapter.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhou SP, Lu YK, Wang FY. New advances in non-invasive assessment of intestinal epithelial barrier function. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2012; 20:1312-1317. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v20.i15.1312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal intestinal permeability has been suggested to play an important role in many human diseases, including diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, multiple sclerosis, food allergy and hypersensitivity, and irritable bowel syndrome. Emerging work in recent years has begun to provide evidence for an etiologic role of abnormal intestinal permeability in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disease. Insight into gut barrier integrity and function loss is important to improve our knowledge on disease etiology and pathophysiology and contributes to early detection and/or secondary prevention of disease. A variety of tests have been developed to assess intestinal epithelial cell damage, intestinal tight junction status and consequences of intestinal barrier integrity loss, i.e. increased intestinal permeability. This review discusses currently available methods for evaluating human intestinal barrier function.
Collapse
|
21
|
Overgaard CE, Daugherty BL, Mitchell LA, Koval M. Claudins: control of barrier function and regulation in response to oxidant stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1179-93. [PMID: 21275791 PMCID: PMC3144428 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Claudins are a family of nearly two dozen transmembrane proteins that are a key part of the tight junction barrier that regulates solute movement across polarized epithelia. Claudin family members interact with each other, as well as with other transmembrane tight junction proteins (such as occludin) and cytosolic scaffolding proteins (such as zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)). Although the interplay between all of these different classes of proteins is critical for tight junction formation and function, claudin family proteins are directly responsible for forming the equivalent of paracellular ion selective channels (or pores) with specific permeability and thus are essential for barrier function. In this review, we summarize current progress in identifying structural elements of claudins that regulate their transport, assembly, and function. The effects of oxidant stress on claudins are also examined, with particular emphasis on lung epithelial barrier function and oxidant stress induced by chronic alcohol abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Overgaard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ye P, Yu H, Simonian M, Hunter N. Ligation of CD24 expressed by oral epithelial cells induces kinase dependent decrease in paracellular permeability mediated by tight junction proteins. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 412:165-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
23
|
Sadalla JC, Lourenço SV, Sotto MN, Baracat EC, Carvalho JP. Claudin and p53 expression in vulvar lichen sclerosus and squamous-cell carcinoma. J Clin Pathol 2011; 64:853-7. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2011-200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AimsVulvar squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare gynaecological cancer. Vulvar SCC has been shown to develop from vulvar intraepithelial neoplasias, which are related to lichen sclerosus (LS). Most studies to date have compared vulvar SCC with LS only morphologically, but no detailed molecular analysis has been performed. The objective was to compare claudin and p53 expression in these diseases and determine if there was any association with expression and vulvar SCC progression.MethodsImmunohistochemical analysis was performed in order to determine expression of p53 and claudin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 11 in human vulvar tissue samples from LS, SCC and control patients.ResultsClaudin 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were expressed comparably in the three groups. Claudin 7 and 11 expression was significantly decreased in LS and SCC samples compared with the control group. Expression of p53 was significantly increased in SCC and LS patient samples compared with the control group.ConclusionsClaudin 7 and 11 were not expressed in LS and SCC. However, there was no significant difference in expression of any of the claudins between the LS and SCC samples. Furthermore, p53 expression is the highest in SCC patients and lowest in the control group. However, expression of p53 did not vary between samples from isolated LS and LS associated SCC patients, suggesting that increased p53 expression is not the determining factor in the progression of LS lesions to SCC.
Collapse
|
24
|
Wei ZK, Cheng AG. Advances in research of intestinal epithelial tight junctions and intestinal permeability. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:394-399. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i4.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial tight junctions are a structural basis for the intestinal barrier and play an important role in the regulation of intestinal permeability. Increased intestinal permeability caused by the destruction of tight junctions may result in bacterial translocation, systemic inflammatory response, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. In this paper, we review the structure and function of tight junctions, factors affecting intestinal permeability, and measures for improving the dysfunction in intestinal permeability.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Tissue barrier function is directly mediated by tight junction transmembrane proteins known as claudins. Cells that form tight junctions typically express multiple claudin isoforms, which suggests that heterotypic (head-to-head) binding between different claudin isoforms may play a role in regulating paracellular permeability. To test whether claudins are heterotypically compatible, we developed an assay system using HeLa cells, a claudin-null cell line which expresses other tight junction proteins, including occludin, junction adhesion molecule A, and zonula occludens-1, -2, and -3. HeLa cells stably transfected to express different claudins are cocultured, then subsequently analyzed for the ability to coimmunopurify. Using this approach, we have found that claudin-1, claudin-3, and claudin-5 are heterotypically compatible. In contrast, two closely related claudins, claudin-3 and claudin-4, are incompatible. Differential claudin-binding specificity is likely to have downstream effects on the regulation of tight junction composition and permeability.
Collapse
|
26
|
New aspects of the molecular constituents of tissue barriers. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2010; 118:7-21. [PMID: 20865434 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-010-0484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial and endothelial tissue barriers are based on tight intercellular contacts (Tight Junctions, TJs) between neighbouring cells. TJs are multimeric complexes, located at the most apical border of the lateral membrane. So far, a plethora of proteins locating at tight intercellular contacts have been discovered, the role of which has just partly been unraveled. Yet, there is convincing evidence that many TJ proteins exert a dual role: They act as structural components at the junctional site and they are involved in signalling pathways leading to alterations of gene expression and cell behaviour (migration, proliferation). This review will shortly summarize the classical functions of TJs and TJ-related proteins and will introduce a new category, termed the "non-classical" functions of junctional proteins. A particular focus will be directed towards the nuclear targeting of junctional proteins and the downstream effects elicited by their intranuclear activities.
Collapse
|
27
|
Sung CO, Han SY, Kim SH. Low expression of claudin-4 is associated with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 18:273-81. [PMID: 20839069 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-010-1289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudins are 22-27 kDa sized adhesion molecules that constitute tight junctions. Their expression levels are often tissue-specific, and their altered degrees of expression have been reported in a variety of cancers. In addition, the prognostic significance of claudin expression has been implicated in various human cancers. However, the prognostic significance of claudin-4 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains to be clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the prognostic significance of claudin-4 expression in 164 cases of ESCC using immunohistochemisty. We also evaluated claudin-4 mRNA expression levels using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and analyzed its specific promoter methylation status using quantitative methylation-specific PCR. RESULTS According to clinicopathological parameters, low claudin-4 expression was found to be significantly associated with histological differentiation (P = 0.003), invasion depth (P = 0.002), and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.024). Low claudin-4 expression showed unfavorable influences on disease-free survival (P = 0.0115) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.0009). In multivariate analysis, low claudin-4 expression was an independent predictor of poor OS (P = 0.007). Claudin-4 mRNA levels assessed using real-time RT-PCR were consistent with the protein levels determined using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that loss of claudin-4 is associated with promoter hypermethylation. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that claudin-4 expression is deregulated in ESCC, implying its potential use as a prognostic biomarker in ESCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ohk Sung
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mitchell LA, Koval M. Specificity of interaction between clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and claudin-family tight junction proteins. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:1595-611. [PMID: 22069652 PMCID: PMC3153273 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), a major cause of food poisoning, forms physical pores in the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. The ability of CPE to recognize the epithelium is due to the C-terminal binding domain, which binds to a specific motif on the second extracellular loop of tight junction proteins known as claudins. The interaction between claudins and CPE plays a key role in mediating CPE toxicity by facilitating pore formation and by promoting tight junction disassembly. Recently, the ability of CPE to distinguish between specific claudins has been used to develop tools for studying roles for claudins in epithelial barrier function. Moreover, the high affinity of CPE to selected claudins makes CPE a useful platform for targeted drug delivery to tumors expressing these claudins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A. Mitchell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, 205 Whitehead Bldg, 615 Michael St. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, 205 Whitehead Bldg, 615 Michael St. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-404-712-2976; Fax: +1-404-712-2974
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
An engineered 3D blood-testis barrier model for the assessment of reproductive toxicity potential. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4492-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
30
|
Gene expression profile in rat hippocampus with and without memory deficit. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2010; 94:42-56. [PMID: 20359541 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2010.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic neuronal system, through its projections to the hippocampus, plays an important role in learning and memory. The aim of the study was to identify genes and networks in rat hippocampus with and without memory deficit. Genome-scale screening was used to analyze gene expression changes in rats submitted or not to intraparenchymal injection of 192 IgG-saporin and trained in spatial/object novelty tasks. Results showed learning processes were associated with significant expression of genes that could be grouped into several clusters of similar expression profiles and that are involved in biological functions, namely lipid metabolism, signal transduction, protein metabolism and modification, and transcription regulation. Memory loss following hippocampal cholinergic deafferentation was associated with significant expression of genes that did not show similar cluster organization. Only one cluster of genes could be identified; it included genes that would be involved in tissue remodeling. More important, most of the genes significantly altered in lesioned rats were down-regulated.
Collapse
|
31
|
Hassan SS, Romero R, Pineles B, Tarca AL, Montenegro D, Erez O, Mittal P, Kusanovic JP, Mazaki-Tovi S, Espinoza J, Nhan-Chang CL, Draghici S, Kim CJ. MicroRNA expression profiling of the human uterine cervix after term labor and delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010; 202:80.e1-8. [PMID: 19889381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2009.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Revised: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 08/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs involved in posttranscriptional regulation of target genes. The objective of this study was to determine the miRNA expression profile of the human uterine cervix after spontaneous term labor (TL). STUDY DESIGN The miRNA expression pattern of cervical tissue was characterized using microarrays. Samples were collected at term from patients with (n = 8) and without (n = 9) TL. Moderated t tests and false discovery rate correction were applied. Results were confirmed using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS A total of 226 miRNAs were expressed in human cervical tissue. miR-223, miR-34b, and miR-34c were overexpressed in cervical tissue of patients with TL compared to those without. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays confirmed these findings (miR-223 [fold change {FC} = 5.7], miR-34b [FC = 4.5], miR-34c [FC = 6.2]; P < .001). CONCLUSION This is the first report of miRNA expression in the human uterine cervix in pregnancy. Cervical remodeling after TL and delivery was associated with changes in miR-223, miR-34b, and miR-34c.
Collapse
|
32
|
Feng W, Leach SM, Tipney H, Phang T, Geraci M, Spritz RA, Hunter LE, Williams T. Spatial and temporal analysis of gene expression during growth and fusion of the mouse facial prominences. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8066. [PMID: 20016822 PMCID: PMC2789411 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/25/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial malformations resulting from genetic and/or environmental causes are frequent human birth defects yet their etiology is often unclear because of insufficient information concerning the molecular, cellular and morphogenetic processes responsible for normal facial development. We have, therefore, derived a comprehensive expression dataset for mouse orofacial development, interrogating three distinct regions – the mandibular, maxillary and frontonasal prominences. To capture the dynamic changes in the transcriptome during face formation, we sampled five time points between E10.5–E12.5, spanning the developmental period from establishment of the prominences to their fusion to form the mature facial platform. Seven independent biological replicates were used for each sample ensuring robustness and quality of the dataset. Here, we provide a general overview of the dataset, characterizing aspects of gene expression changes at both the spatial and temporal level. Considerable coordinate regulation occurs across the three prominences during this period of facial growth and morphogenesis, with a switch from expression of genes involved in cell proliferation to those associated with differentiation. An accompanying shift in the expression of polycomb and trithorax genes presumably maintains appropriate patterns of gene expression in precursor or differentiated cells, respectively. Superimposed on the many coordinated changes are prominence-specific differences in the expression of genes encoding transcription factors, extracellular matrix components, and signaling molecules. Thus, the elaboration of each prominence will be driven by particular combinations of transcription factors coupled with specific cell:cell and cell:matrix interactions. The dataset also reveals several prominence-specific genes not previously associated with orofacial development, a subset of which we externally validate. Several of these latter genes are components of bidirectional transcription units that likely share cis-acting sequences with well-characterized genes. Overall, our studies provide a valuable resource for probing orofacial development and a robust dataset for bioinformatic analysis of spatial and temporal gene expression changes during embryogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Feng
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sonia M. Leach
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Hannah Tipney
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tzulip Phang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Mark Geraci
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Spritz
- Human Medical Genetics Program, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Lawrence E. Hunter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Troy TC, Arabzadeh A, Larivière NMK, Enikanolaiye A, Turksen K. Dermatitis and aging-related barrier dysfunction in transgenic mice overexpressing an epidermal-targeted claudin 6 tail deletion mutant. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7814. [PMID: 19915705 PMCID: PMC2773045 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The barrier function of the skin protects the mammalian body against infection, dehydration, UV irradiation and temperature fluctuation. Barrier function is reduced with the skin's intrinsic aging process, however the molecular mechanisms involved are unknown. We previously demonstrated that Claudin (Cldn)-containing tight junctions (TJs) are essential in the development of the epidermis and that transgenic mice overexpressing Cldn6 in the suprabasal layers of the epidermis undergo a perturbed terminal differentiation program characterized in part by reduced barrier function. To dissect further the mechanisms by which Cldn6 acts during epithelial differentiation, we overexpressed a Cldn6 cytoplasmic tail deletion mutant in the suprabasal compartment of the transgenic mouse epidermis. Although there were no gross phenotypic abnormalities at birth, subtle epidermal anomalies were present that disappeared by one month of age, indicative of a robust injury response. However, with aging, epidermal changes with eventual chronic dermatitis appeared with a concomitant barrier dysfunction manifested in increased trans-epidermal water loss. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed aberrant suprabasal Cldn localization with marked down-regulation of Cldn1. Both the proliferative and terminal differentiation compartments were perturbed as evidenced by mislocalization of multiple epidermal markers. These results suggest that the normally robust injury response mechanism of the epidermis is lost in the aging Involucrin-Cldn6-CΔ196 transgenic epidermis, and provide a model for evaluation of aging-related skin changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy-Claire Troy
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Azadeh Arabzadeh
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nathalie M. K. Larivière
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adebola Enikanolaiye
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kursad Turksen
- Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Divisions of Dermatology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Eaton DC, Helms MN, Koval M, Bao HF, Jain L. The contribution of epithelial sodium channels to alveolar function in health and disease. Annu Rev Physiol 2009; 71:403-23. [PMID: 18831683 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.physiol.010908.163250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) play an important role in lung sodium transport. Sodium transport is closely regulated to maintain an appropriate fluid layer on the alveolar surface. Both alveolar type I and II cells have several different sodium-permeable channels in their apical membranes that play a role in normal lung physiology and pathophysiology. In many epithelial tissues, ENaC is formed from three subunit proteins: alpha, beta, and gamma ENaC. Part of the diversity of sodium-permeable channels in lung arises from assembling different combinations of these subunits to form channels with different biophysical properties and different mechanisms for regulation. Thus, lung epithelium has enormous flexibility to alter the magnitude of salt and water transport. In lung, ENaC is regulated by many transmitter and hormonal agents. Regulation depends upon the type of sodium channel but involves controlling the number of apical channels and/or the activity of individual channels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Eaton
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Severson EA, Parkos CA. Mechanisms of outside-in signaling at the tight junction by junctional adhesion molecule A. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1165:10-8. [PMID: 19538282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) is a tight junction-associated, PDZ binding domain containing transmembrane protein that forms cis-homodimers in endothelial and epithelial cells. In vivo, the function of JAM-A in colonic mucosa has been examined using JAM-A knockout mice, which have increased intestinal permeability, inflammation and cellular proliferation compared to wild-type controls. In vitro studies have revealed that downregulation of JAM-A leads to altered cell migration secondary to diminished levels of beta1 integrin on the cell surface. Similar findings have been observed after transfection of epithelial cells with mutant JAM-A, which is defective in dimerization or lacks the PDZ binding domain. The dominant-negative effects of these mutant JAM-A proteins are most likely secondary to the inability of mutant JAM-A to form signaling complexes, the lack of which results in decreases in active or GTP-bound Rap1. This review highlights findings that support a hypothetical model for JAM-A mediated outside-in signaling. In this model, JAM-A dimerization is required for close cytoplasmic apposition of complexes containing specific PDZ domain-containing scaffold proteins that activate signaling molecules to serve as effectors for the regulation of cellular functions. The possibility of interactions of JAM-A cis-dimers between cells in trans is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Severson
- Epithelial Pathobiology Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Findley MK, Koval M. Regulation and roles for claudin-family tight junction proteins. IUBMB Life 2009; 61:431-7. [PMID: 19319969 DOI: 10.1002/iub.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins known as claudins play a critical role in tight junctions by regulating paracellular barrier permeability. The control of claudin assembly into tight junctions requires a complex interplay between several classes of claudins, other transmembrane proteins and scaffold proteins. Claudins are also subject to regulation by post-translational modifications including phosphorylation and palmitoylation. Several human diseases have been linked to claudin mutations, underscoring the physiologic function of these proteins. Roles for claudins in regulating cell phenotype and growth control also are beginning to emerge, suggesting a multifaceted role for claudins in regulation of cells beyond serving as a simple structural element of tight junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Findley
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Severson EA, Parkos CA. Structural determinants of Junctional Adhesion Molecule A (JAM-A) function and mechanisms of intracellular signaling. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2009; 21:701-7. [PMID: 19608396 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Junctional Adhesion Molecule A (JAM-A) is a multifunctional cell surface protein that has multiple evolutionarily conserved structural features. There is now conclusive evidence that discrete structural elements on JAM-A mediate intracellular signaling events that alter cell migration and paracellular permeability. Specifically, self-dimerization between extracellular Ig-like loops and close apposition of PDZ-dependent, JAM-A-associated intracellular scaffold proteins such as Afadin and guanine-nucleotide exchange factors mediate activation of Rap1 and modulation of epithelial cell migration by effects on beta1 integrin. While the same JAM-A structural features also modulate migration of other cell types and paracellular permeability in epithelia/endothelia, additional signaling proteins/mechanisms are probably involved. Recent insights into JAM-A outside-in signaling events that regulate these cellular functions are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Severson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Morrow CMK, Tyagi G, Simon L, Carnes K, Murphy KM, Cooke PS, Hofmann MCC, Hess RA. Claudin 5 expression in mouse seminiferous epithelium is dependent upon the transcription factor ets variant 5 and contributes to blood-testis barrier function. Biol Reprod 2009; 81:871-9. [PMID: 19571261 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.109.077040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is formed by tight junctions between Sertoli cells. Results of previous studies suggested that the barrier is deficient in ets variant 5 (ETV5) gene-deleted mice; therefore, microarray data were examined for changes in tight junction-associated genes. The tight junctional protein claudin 5 (CLDN5) was decreased in testes of 8-day-old Etv5(-/-) pups. The study reported herein examined the expression of CLDN5 in wild-type (WT) and Etv5(-/-) mice and evaluated its contribution to BTB function. CLDN5 protein expression was evaluated in 8-day-old WT and Etv5(-/-) and adult WT, Etv5(-/-), and W/W(v) testes by immunohistochemistry and in 8-day-old WT Sertoli cell-enriched and germ cell-enriched fractions by immunocytochemistry. Cldn5 mRNA expression was evaluated in 0- to 20-day-old and adult WT mice and in 8-day-old and adult Etv5(-/-) mice via quantitative PCR. Tracer studies were performed in adult WT, Etv5(-/-), and W/W(v) mice. The results indicate the following: 1) CLDN5 was expressed in Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, and preleptotene spermatocytes. 2) Seminiferous epithelial CLDN5 expression depended upon both the presence of germ cells and ETV5. 3) CLDN5 expression in testicular vascular endothelium and rete testis epithelium was ETV5 independent. 4) Cldn5 mRNA expression increased in the testes of juvenile mice at the time of BTB formation. 5) Testes of Etv5(-/-) and W/W(v) mice, which are both deficient in seminiferous epithelial CLDN5 expression, had biotin tracer leakage from the interstitial space into the seminiferous tubule lumen. In conclusion, CLDN5 is expressed in the seminiferous epithelium, appears to be regulated by multiple influences, and contributes to BTB function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla M K Morrow
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lohrberg D, Krause E, Schümann M, Piontek J, Winkler L, Blasig IE, Haseloff RF. A strategy for enrichment of claudins based on their affinity to Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. BMC Mol Biol 2009; 10:61. [PMID: 19545418 PMCID: PMC2713237 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-10-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Claudins, a family of protein localized in tight junctions, are essential for the control of paracellular permeation in epithelia and endothelia. The interaction of several claudins with Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) has been exploited for an affinity-based enrichment of CPE-binding claudins from lysates of normal rat cholangiocytes. RESULTS Immunoblotting and mass spectrometry (MS) experiments demonstrate strong enrichment of the CPE-binding claudins -3, -4 and -7, indicating specific association with glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-CPE(116-319) fusion protein. In parallel, the co-elution of (non-CPE-binding) claudin-1 and claudin-5 was observed. The complete set of co-enriched proteins was identified by MS after electrophoretic separation. Relative mass spectrometric protein quantification with stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) made it possible to discriminate specific binding from non-specific association to GST and/or matrix material. CONCLUSION CPE(116-319) provides an efficient tool for single step enrichment of different claudins from cell lysates. Numerous proteins were shown to be co-enriched with the CPE-binding claudins, but there are no indications (except for claudins -1 and -5) for an association with tight junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dörte Lohrberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Disruption of blood-testis barrier dynamics in ether-lipid-deficient mice. Cell Tissue Res 2009; 337:281-99. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-009-0809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
41
|
Koval M, Ward C, Findley MK, Roser-Page S, Helms MN, Roman J. Extracellular matrix influences alveolar epithelial claudin expression and barrier function. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2009; 42:172-80. [PMID: 19423774 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2008-0270oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is dynamically remodeled in response to injury, which alters extracellular matrix composition, and can lead to either healthy or impaired lung regeneration. To determine how changes in extracellular matrix can influence alveolar epithelial barrier function, we examined the expression and function of tight junction proteins by rat alveolar epithelial type II cells cultured on one of three different matrix components: type I collagen or fibronectin, matrix glycoproteins which are highly expressed in injured lungs, or laminin, a basement membrane matrix component. Of note, alveolar epithelial cells cultured for 2 days on fibronectin formed high-resistance barriers and showed continuous claudin-3 and claudin-18 localization to the plasma membrane, as opposed to cells cultured on either type I collagen or laminin, which had low resistance monolayers and had areas of cell-cell contact that were claudin deficient. The barrier formed by cells cultured on fibronectin also had preferential permeability to chloride as compared with sodium. Regardless of the initial matrix composition, alveolar epithelial cells cultured for 5 days formed high-resistance barriers, which correlated with increased claudin-18 localization to the plasma membrane and an increase in zonula occludens-1. Day 5 cells on laminin had significantly higher resistance than cells on either fibronectin or type I collagen. Thus, although alveolar epithelial cells on fibronectin formed rapid barriers, it was at the expense of producing an optimized barrier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Koval
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Whitehead Biomedical Research Building, 615 Michael St., Suite 205, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vermeer PD, Denker J, Estin M, Moninger TO, Keshavjee S, Karp P, Kline JN, Zabner J. MMP9 modulates tight junction integrity and cell viability in human airway epithelia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2009; 296:L751-62. [PMID: 19270179 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.90578.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The family of zinc- and calcium-dependent matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) play an important role in remodeling of the airways in disease. Transcriptional regulation by proinflammatory cytokines increases lymphocyte-derived MMP9 levels in the airway lumen of asthmatics. Moreover, the levels of the MMP9 inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP1), are decreased leading to increased protease activity. The mechanism by which MMP9 activity leads to asthma pathogenesis and remodeling remains unclear. Using a model of well-differentiated human airway epithelia, we found that apical MMP9 significantly increases transepithelial conductance. Moreover, apical MMP9 treatment decreased immunostaining of tight junction proteins suggesting disruption of barrier function. Consistent with this, viruses gained access to the epithelial basolateral surface after MMP9 treatment, which increased infection efficiency. All of these effects were blocked by TIMP1. In addition, loss of epithelial integrity correlated with increased epithelial cell death. Thus we hypothesized that MMP9 exerts its effects on the epithelium by cleaving one or more components of cell-cell junctions and triggering anoikis. Taken together, these data suggest that a component of airway remodeling associated with asthma may be directly regulated by MMP9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola D Vermeer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lassiter C, Fan X, Joshi PC, Jacob BA, Sutliff RL, Jones DP, Koval M, Guidot DM. HIV-1 transgene expression in rats causes oxidant stress and alveolar epithelial barrier dysfunction. AIDS Res Ther 2009; 6:1. [PMID: 19193217 PMCID: PMC2644707 DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk for acute and chronic airway disease even though there is no evidence that the virus can infect the lung epithelium. Although HIV-related proteins including gp120 and Tat can directly cause oxidant stress and cellular dysfunction, their effects in the lung are unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of HIV-1 transgene expression in rats on alveolar epithelial barrier function. Alveolar epithelial barrier function was assessed by determining lung liquid clearance in vivo and alveolar epithelial monolayer permeability in vitro. Oxidant stress in the alveolar space was determined by measuring the glutathione redox couple by high performance liquid chromatography, and the expression and membrane localization of key tight junction proteins were assessed. Finally, the direct effects of the HIV-related proteins gp120 and Tat on alveolar epithelial barrier formation and tight junction protein expression were determined. Results HIV-1 transgene expression caused oxidant stress within the alveolar space and impaired epithelial barrier function even though there was no evidence of overt inflammation within the airways. The expression and membrane localization of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and occludin were decreased in alveolar epithelial cells from HIV-1 transgenic rats. Further, treating alveolar epithelial monolayers from wild type rats in vitro with recombinant gp120 or Tat for 24 hours reproduced many of the effects on zonula occludens-1 and occludin expression and membrane localization. Conclusion Taken together, these data indicate that HIV-related proteins cause oxidant stress and alter the expression of critical tight junction proteins in the alveolar epithelium, resulting in barrier dysfunction.
Collapse
|
44
|
Johnson LN, Koval M. Cross-talk between pulmonary injury, oxidant stress, and gap junctional communication. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:355-67. [PMID: 18816185 PMCID: PMC2933150 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Gap junction channels interconnect several different types of cells in the lung, ranging from the alveolar epithelium to the pulmonary vasculature, each of which expresses a unique subset of gap junction proteins (connexins). Major lung functions regulated by gap junctional communication include coordination of ciliary beat frequency and inflammation. Gap junctions help enable the alveolus to regulate surfactant secretion as an integrated system, in which type I cells act as mechanical sensors that transmit calcium transients to type II cells. Thus, disruption of epithelial gap junctional communication, particularly during acute lung injury, can interfere with these processes and increase the severity of injury. Consistent with this, connexin expression is altered during lung injury, and connexin-deficiency has a negative impact on the injury response and lung-growth control. It has recently been shown that alcohol abuse is a significant risk factor associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Oxidant stress and hormone-signaling cascades in the lung induced by prolonged alcohol ingestion are discussed, as well as the effects of these pathways on connexin expression and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Latoya N Johnson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
This article discusses the concept of intestinal permeability and the barrier function of the gut, elaborates on tight junction structure and the dynamic nature of its composition, outlines the methods for evaluating intestinal permeability, and explores abnormal intestinal permeability in clinical disease, emphasizing its possible role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune conditions. Evidence is provided from several representative diseases for a proposed model of abnormal intestinal permeability in autoimmune disease, including a description of a molecular pathway involving a signaling protein called zonulin, which appears to regulate intestinal permeability. Finally, we speculate on mechanisms that may be responsible for increasing intestinal permeability and consider clinical implications.
Collapse
|
46
|
Lechpammer M, Resnick MB, Sabo E, Yakirevich E, Greaves WO, Sciandra KT, Tavares R, Noble LC, DeLellis RA, Wang LJ. The diagnostic and prognostic utility of claudin expression in renal cell neoplasms. Mod Pathol 2008; 21:1320-9. [PMID: 18587324 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2008.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the expression patterns of claudins 1, 3, 4, 7, and 8 in human renal cell carcinomas and oncocytomas and correlated expression with patient prognosis. Tissue microarrays were created from paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 141 patients with renal cell carcinomas or oncocytoma (90 clear cell, 22 papillary, 17 chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, and 12 oncocytomas). The staining pattern for claudins 3, 4, 7, and 8 was membranous and/or cytoplasmic, whereas claudin 1 was predominantly membranous in both nonneoplastic renal tissue and tumors. Negative to weak claudin 3 staining was predominantly detected in Fuhrman's grade 1 and 2 clear cell renal cell carcinomas (78%; P=0.016), suggesting that upregulation of claudin 3 potentially occurs concomitantly with increasing grade of clear cell renal cell carcinomas. In addition, Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis showed a significant inverse correlation between moderate to strong claudin 3 and 4 expression with overall survival in clear cell renal cell carcinomas (P=0.038 and P=0.031). Moderate to strong claudin 7 expression was significantly more common in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (94%) than in oncocytomas (55%; P=0.041). Claudin 8 staining was moderate to strong in 92% of oncocytomas, which differentiated them from papillary and clear cell renal cell carcinomas (14 and 12%; both P<0.0001). Only negative to weak claudin 8 staining was detected in all chromophobe renal cell carcinomas, whereas there were no claudin 8 negative oncocytomas and 8% exhibited a weak staining pattern (P<0.0001). Due to their distinctive expression patterns, claudins 7 and 8 can be used as useful immunohistochemical markers for the separation of chromophobe renal cell carcinomas from oncocytomas, whereas claudins 3 and 4 may serve as indicators of prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Lechpammer
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown Medical School, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ling J, Liao H, Clark R, Wong MSM, Lo DD. Structural constraints for the binding of short peptides to claudin-4 revealed by surface plasmon resonance. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:30585-95. [PMID: 18782762 PMCID: PMC2576538 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803548200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudin family transmembrane proteins play an important role in tight junction structure and function in epithelial cells. Among the 24 isoforms identified in mice and humans, claudin-4 and -3 serve as the receptor for Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (Cpe). The second extracellular loop (Ecl2) of claudin-4 is responsible for the binding to the C-terminal 30 amino acids of Cpe (Cpe30). To define the structural constraints for the claudin-4/Cpe30 interaction, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method was developed. GST fusions with claudin-4 revealed that Ecl2 with the downstream transmembrane domain of claudin-4 reconstituted the basic structural requirement for optimal binding activity to Cpe30, with affinity in the nanomolar range. Two 12-mer peptides selected by phage display against claudin-4-transfected CHO cells and a 12-mer Cpe mutant peptide also showed significant affinity for claudin-4 with this SPR assay, suggesting that a short peptide can establish stable contact with Ecl2 with nanomolar affinity. Alignment of these short peptides unveiled a common Ecl2 binding motif: <XX(Y/W)(X)(3 or 4)Y(Y/X)(L/I)XX>. Whereas the short peptides bound native claudin-4 on transfected CHO cells in pull-down assays, only the larger Cpe30 peptide affected trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TER) in peptide-treated Caco-2BBe monolayers. Importantly, Cpe30 retained its binding to claudin-4 when fused to the C terminus of influenza hemagglutinin, demonstrating that its binding activity can be maintained in a different biochemical context. These studies may help in the design of assays for membrane receptor interactions with soluble ligands, and in applying new targeting ligands to delivering attached "cargo" proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ling
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nurden AT, Nurden P, Bermejo E, Combrié R, McVicar DW, Washington AV. Phenotypic heterogeneity in the Gray platelet syndrome extends to the expression of TREM family member, TLT-1. Thromb Haemost 2008; 100:45-51. [PMID: 18612537 DOI: 10.1160/th08-02-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Gray platelet syndrome (GPS) is a rare inherited disorder linked to undefined molecular abnormalities that prevent the formation and maturation of alpha-granules. Here, we report studies on two patients from unrelated families that confirm phenotypic heterogeneity in the disease. First we used immunoelectron microscopy (I-EM) to confirm that TREM-like transcript-1 (TLT-1) is mostly localized to alpha-granule membranes of normal platelets. Then we performed Western blotting (WB) and flow cytometry with permeabilized platelets to show that TLT-1 is selectively reduced in the platelets of patient 1, previously noted to be deficient in glycoprotein (GP)VI (Nurden et al., Blood 2004; 104: 107-114). Yet both TLT-1 and GPVI were normally expressed in platelets of patient 2. Usual levels of JAM-C and claudin-5, also members of the immunoglobulin receptor family, were detected in platelets of both patients. In contrast, P-selectin was markedly decreased for patient 1 but not patient 2. Two metalloproteases, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were normally present. As predicted, platelets of patient 1 showed little labelling for TLT-1 in I-EM, whereas residual Fg was seen in small vesicular structures and P-selectin lining vacuoles or channels of what may be elements of the surface-connected canalicular system. Our results identify TLT-1 as a glycoprotein potentially targeted in platelets of GPS patients, while decreases in at least three membrane glycoproteins suggest that an unidentified proteolytic activity may contribute to the phenotype in some patients with this rare disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan T Nurden
- Centre de Référence des Pathologies Plaquettaires, Plateforme Technologique et d'Innovation Biomédicale, Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, 33600 Pessac, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Chasiotis H, Kelly SP. Occludin immunolocalization and protein expression in goldfish. J Exp Biol 2008; 211:1524-34. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.014894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARYTight junctions (TJs) are an integral component of models illustrating ion transport mechanisms across fish epithelia; however, little is known about TJ proteins in fishes. Using immunohistochemical methods and Western blot analysis, we examined the localization and expression of occludin, a transmembrane TJ protein, in goldfish tissues. In goldfish gills,discontinuous occludin immunostaining was detected along the edges of secondary gill lamellae and within parts of the interlamellar region that line the lateral walls of the central venous sinus. In the goldfish intestine,occludin immunolocalized in a TJ-specific distribution pattern to apical regions of columnar epithelial cells lining the intestinal lumen. In the goldfish kidney, occludin was differentially expressed in discrete regions of the nephron. Occludin immunostaining was strongest in the distal segment of the nephron, moderate in the collecting duct and absent in the proximal segment. To investigate a potential role for occludin in the maintenance of the hydromineral balance of fishes, we subjected goldfish to 1, 2 and 4 weeks of food deprivation, and then examined the endpoints of hydromineral status,Na+,K+-ATPase activity and occludin protein expression in the gills, intestine and kidney. Occludin expression altered in response to hydromineral imbalance in a tissue-specific manner suggesting a dynamic role for this TJ protein in the regulation of epithelial permeability in fishes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen Chasiotis
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3
| | - Scott P. Kelly
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Reilly SC, Quinn JP, Cossins AR, Sneddon LU. Novel candidate genes identified in the brain during nociception in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Neurosci Lett 2008; 437:135-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2008.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2007] [Revised: 12/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|