1
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Zhang W, Lazar-Stefanita L, Yamashita H, Shen MJ, Mitchell LA, Kurasawa H, Lobzaev E, Fanfani V, Haase MAB, Sun X, Jiang Q, Goldberg GW, Ichikawa DM, Lauer SL, McCulloch LH, Easo N, Lin SJ, Camellato BR, Zhu Y, Cai J, Xu Z, Zhao Y, Sacasa M, Noyes MB, Bader JS, Deutsch S, Stracquadanio G, Aizawa Y, Dai J, Boeke JD. Manipulating the 3D organization of the largest synthetic yeast chromosome. Mol Cell 2023; 83:4424-4437.e5. [PMID: 37944526 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Whether synthetic genomes can power life has attracted broad interest in the synthetic biology field. Here, we report de novo synthesis of the largest eukaryotic chromosome thus far, synIV, a 1,454,621-bp yeast chromosome resulting from extensive genome streamlining and modification. We developed megachunk assembly combined with a hierarchical integration strategy, which significantly increased the accuracy and flexibility of synthetic chromosome construction. Besides the drastic sequence changes, we further manipulated the 3D structure of synIV to explore spatial gene regulation. Surprisingly, we found few gene expression changes, suggesting that positioning inside the yeast nucleoplasm plays a minor role in gene regulation. Lastly, we tethered synIV to the inner nuclear membrane via its hundreds of loxPsym sites and observed transcriptional repression of the entire chromosome, demonstrating chromosome-wide transcription manipulation without changing the DNA sequences. Our manipulation of the spatial structure of synIV sheds light on higher-order architectural design of the synthetic genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhang
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luciana Lazar-Stefanita
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hitoyoshi Yamashita
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michael J Shen
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hikaru Kurasawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Evgenii Lobzaev
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Viola Fanfani
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Max A B Haase
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoji Sun
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qingwen Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gregory W Goldberg
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - David M Ichikawa
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie L Lauer
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura H McCulloch
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Easo
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Jiaming Lin
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brendan R Camellato
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yinan Zhu
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jitong Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhuwei Xu
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maya Sacasa
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcus B Noyes
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel Deutsch
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Yasunori Aizawa
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan; Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (KISTEC), Ebina, Kanagawa 243-0435, Japan.
| | - Junbiao Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, NY, USA.
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2
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Zhao Y, Coelho C, Hughes AL, Lazar-Stefanita L, Yang S, Brooks AN, Walker RSK, Zhang W, Lauer S, Hernandez C, Cai J, Mitchell LA, Agmon N, Shen Y, Sall J, Fanfani V, Jalan A, Rivera J, Liang FX, Bader JS, Stracquadanio G, Steinmetz LM, Cai Y, Boeke JD. Debugging and consolidating multiple synthetic chromosomes reveals combinatorial genetic interactions. Cell 2023; 186:5220-5236.e16. [PMID: 37944511 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The Sc2.0 project is building a eukaryotic synthetic genome from scratch. A major milestone has been achieved with all individual Sc2.0 chromosomes assembled. Here, we describe the consolidation of multiple synthetic chromosomes using advanced endoreduplication intercrossing with tRNA expression cassettes to generate a strain with 6.5 synthetic chromosomes. The 3D chromosome organization and transcript isoform profiles were evaluated using Hi-C and long-read direct RNA sequencing. We developed CRISPR Directed Biallelic URA3-assisted Genome Scan, or "CRISPR D-BUGS," to map phenotypic variants caused by specific designer modifications, known as "bugs." We first fine-mapped a bug in synthetic chromosome II (synII) and then discovered a combinatorial interaction associated with synIII and synX, revealing an unexpected genetic interaction that links transcriptional regulation, inositol metabolism, and tRNASerCGA abundance. Finally, to expedite consolidation, we employed chromosome substitution to incorporate the largest chromosome (synIV), thereby consolidating >50% of the Sc2.0 genome in one strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Camila Coelho
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Amanda L Hughes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luciana Lazar-Stefanita
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sandy Yang
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Aaron N Brooks
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roy S K Walker
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stephanie Lauer
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Cindy Hernandez
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jitong Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Neta Agmon
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yue Shen
- BGI, Shenzhen, Beishan, Industrial Zone, Shenzhen 518083, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Joseph Sall
- Microscopy Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Viola Fanfani
- School of Biological Sciences, the University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF
| | - Anavi Jalan
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jordan Rivera
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Feng-Xia Liang
- Microscopy Laboratory, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | | | - Lars M Steinmetz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Genetics and Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Yizhi Cai
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, the University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York, NY 11201, USA.
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3
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Foo JL, Kitano S, Susanto AV, Jin Z, Lin Y, Luo Z, Huang L, Liang Z, Mitchell LA, Yang K, Wong A, Cai Y, Cai J, Stracquadanio G, Bader JS, Boeke JD, Dai J, Chang MW. Establishing chromosomal design-build-test-learn through a synthetic chromosome and its combinatorial reconfiguration. Cell Genom 2023; 3:100435. [PMID: 38020970 PMCID: PMC10667554 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome-level design-build-test-learn cycles (chrDBTLs) allow systematic combinatorial reconfiguration of chromosomes with ease. Here, we established chrDBTL with a redesigned synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome XV, synXV. We designed and built synXV to harbor strategically inserted features, modified elements, and synonymously recoded genes throughout the chromosome. Based on the recoded chromosome, we developed a method to enable chrDBTL: CRISPR-Cas9-mediated mitotic recombination with endoreduplication (CRIMiRE). CRIMiRE allowed the creation of customized wild-type/synthetic combinations, accelerating genotype-phenotype mapping and synthetic chromosome redesign. We also leveraged synXV as a "build-to-learn" model organism for translation studies by ribosome profiling. We conducted a locus-to-locus comparison of ribosome occupancy between synXV and the wild-type chromosome, providing insight into the effects of codon changes and redesigned features on translation dynamics in vivo. Overall, we established synXV as a versatile reconfigurable system that advances chrDBTL for understanding biological mechanisms and engineering strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Loon Foo
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Wilmar-NUS Corporate Laboratory (WIL@NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shohei Kitano
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Wilmar-NUS Corporate Laboratory (WIL@NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Adelia Vicanatalita Susanto
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Wilmar-NUS Corporate Laboratory (WIL@NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Zhu Jin
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Wilmar-NUS Corporate Laboratory (WIL@NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yicong Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhouqing Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Linsen Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leslie A. Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Adison Wong
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138683, Singapore
| | - Yizhi Cai
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Jitong Cai
- High-Throughput Biological Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- High-Throughput Biological Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Joel S. Bader
- High-Throughput Biological Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jef D. Boeke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Junbiao Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Matthew Wook Chang
- NUS Synthetic Biology for Clinical and Technological Innovation (SynCTI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Wilmar-NUS Corporate Laboratory (WIL@NUS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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4
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McCulloch LH, Sambasivam V, Hughes AL, Annaluru N, Ramalingam S, Fanfani V, Lobzaev E, Mitchell LA, Cai J, Jiang H, LaCava J, Taylor MS, Bishai WR, Stracquadanio G, Steinmetz LM, Bader JS, Zhang W, Boeke JD, Chandrasegaran S. Consequences of a telomerase-related fitness defect and chromosome substitution technology in yeast synIX strains. Cell Genom 2023; 3:100419. [PMID: 38020974 PMCID: PMC10667316 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe the complete synthesis, assembly, debugging, and characterization of a synthetic 404,963 bp chromosome, synIX (synthetic chromosome IX). Combined chromosome construction methods were used to synthesize and integrate its left arm (synIXL) into a strain containing previously described synIXR. We identified and resolved a bug affecting expression of EST3, a crucial gene for telomerase function, producing a synIX strain with near wild-type fitness. To facilitate future synthetic chromosome consolidation and increase flexibility of chromosome transfer between distinct strains, we combined chromoduction, a method to transfer a whole chromosome between two strains, with conditional centromere destabilization to substitute a chromosome of interest for its native counterpart. Both steps of this chromosome substitution method were efficient. We observed that wild-type II tended to co-transfer with synIX and was co-destabilized with wild-type IX, suggesting a potential gene dosage compensation relationship between these chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura H. McCulloch
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Vijayan Sambasivam
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Amanda L. Hughes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Narayana Annaluru
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sivaprakash Ramalingam
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Viola Fanfani
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Evgenii Lobzaev
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
- School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AB, UK
| | - Leslie A. Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jitong Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Hua Jiang
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - John LaCava
- Laboratory of Cellular and Structural Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin S. Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - William R. Bishai
- Department of Medicine/Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Lars M. Steinmetz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joel S. Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jef D. Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Srinivasan Chandrasegaran
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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5
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Williams TC, Kroukamp H, Xu X, Wightman EL, Llorente B, Borneman AR, Carpenter AC, Van Wyk N, Meier F, Collier TR, Espinosa MI, Daniel EL, Walker RS, Cai Y, Nevalainen HK, Curach NC, Deveson IW, Mercer TR, Johnson DL, Mitchell LA, Bader JS, Stracquadanio G, Boeke JD, Goold HD, Pretorius IS, Paulsen IT. Parallel laboratory evolution and rational debugging reveal genomic plasticity to S. cerevisiae synthetic chromosome XIV defects. Cell Genom 2023; 3:100379. [PMID: 38020977 PMCID: PMC10667330 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chromosome engineering is a complex process due to the need to identify and repair growth defects and deal with combinatorial gene essentiality when rearranging chromosomes. To alleviate these issues, we have demonstrated novel approaches for repairing and rearranging synthetic Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomes. We have designed, constructed, and restored wild-type fitness to a synthetic 753,096-bp version of S. cerevisiae chromosome XIV as part of the Synthetic Yeast Genome project. In parallel to the use of rational engineering approaches to restore wild-type fitness, we used adaptive laboratory evolution to generate a general growth-defect-suppressor rearrangement in the form of increased TAR1 copy number. We also extended the utility of the synthetic chromosome recombination and modification by loxPsym-mediated evolution (SCRaMbLE) system by engineering synthetic-wild-type tetraploid hybrid strains that buffer against essential gene loss, highlighting the plasticity of the S. cerevisiae genome in the presence of rational and non-rational modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C. Williams
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Heinrich Kroukamp
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin Xu
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L.I. Wightman
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Briardo Llorente
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
- The Australian Genome Foundry, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony R. Borneman
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food & Wine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Alexander C. Carpenter
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Niel Van Wyk
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Hochschule Geisenheim University, Geisenheim, Germany
| | - Felix Meier
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Thomas R.V. Collier
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Monica I. Espinosa
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elizabeth L. Daniel
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roy S.K. Walker
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Yizhi Cai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Helena K.M. Nevalainen
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie C. Curach
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Bioplatforms Australia, Research Park Drive, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Ira W. Deveson
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- The Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Timothy R. Mercer
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- The Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel L. Johnson
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Leslie A. Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joel S. Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry, and Biotechnology, SynthSys, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Jef D. Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Hugh D. Goold
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Isak S. Pretorius
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian T. Paulsen
- School of Natural Sciences, ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Australian Genome Foundry, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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6
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Blount BA, Lu X, Driessen MR, Jovicevic D, Sanchez MI, Ciurkot K, Zhao Y, Lauer S, McKiernan RM, Gowers GOF, Sweeney F, Fanfani V, Lobzaev E, Palacios-Flores K, Walker RS, Hesketh A, Cai J, Oliver SG, Cai Y, Stracquadanio G, Mitchell LA, Bader JS, Boeke JD, Ellis T. Synthetic yeast chromosome XI design provides a testbed for the study of extrachromosomal circular DNA dynamics. Cell Genom 2023; 3:100418. [PMID: 38020971 PMCID: PMC10667340 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We describe construction of the synthetic yeast chromosome XI (synXI) and reveal the effects of redesign at non-coding DNA elements. The 660-kb synthetic yeast genome project (Sc2.0) chromosome was assembled from synthesized DNA fragments before CRISPR-based methods were used in a process of bug discovery, redesign, and chromosome repair, including precise compaction of 200 kb of repeat sequence. Repaired defects were related to poor centromere function and mitochondrial health and were associated with modifications to non-coding regions. As part of the Sc2.0 design, loxPsym sequences for Cre-mediated recombination are inserted between most genes. Using the GAP1 locus from chromosome XI, we show that these sites can facilitate induced extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) formation, allowing direct study of the effects and propagation of these important molecules. Construction and characterization of synXI contributes to our understanding of non-coding DNA elements, provides a useful tool for eccDNA study, and will inform future synthetic genome design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Blount
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Xinyu Lu
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maureen R.M. Driessen
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dejana Jovicevic
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mateo I. Sanchez
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Klaudia Ciurkot
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Lauer
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert M. McKiernan
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Glen-Oliver F. Gowers
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fiachra Sweeney
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Viola Fanfani
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Evgenii Lobzaev
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kim Palacios-Flores
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - Roy S.K. Walker
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andy Hesketh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jitong Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Yizhi Cai
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Leslie A. Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel S. Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jef D. Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Tom Ellis
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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7
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Luo J, Vale-Silva LA, Raghavan AR, Mercy G, Heldrich J, Sun X, Li MK, Zhang W, Agmon N, Yang K, Cai J, Stracquadanio G, Thierry A, Zhao Y, Coelho C, McCulloch LH, Lauer S, Kaback DB, Bader JS, Mitchell LA, Mozziconacci J, Koszul R, Hochwagen A, Boeke JD. Synthetic chromosome fusion: Effects on mitotic and meiotic genome structure and function. Cell Genom 2023; 3:100439. [PMID: 38020967 PMCID: PMC10667551 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized synI, which is ∼21.6% shorter than native chrI, the smallest chromosome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SynI was designed for attachment to another synthetic chromosome due to concerns surrounding potential instability and karyotype imbalance and is now attached to synIII, yielding the first synthetic yeast fusion chromosome. Additional fusion chromosomes were constructed to study nuclear function. ChrIII-I and chrIX-III-I fusion chromosomes have twisted structures, which depend on silencing protein Sir3. As a smaller chromosome, chrI also faces special challenges in assuring meiotic crossovers required for efficient homolog disjunction. Centromere deletions into fusion chromosomes revealed opposing effects of core centromeres and pericentromeres in modulating deposition of the crossover-promoting protein Red1. These effects extend over 100 kb and promote disproportionate Red1 enrichment, and thus crossover potential, on small chromosomes like chrI. These findings reveal the power of synthetic genomics to uncover new biology and deconvolute complex biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchuan Luo
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | - Guillaume Mercy
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525, Université de Paris, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, 75015 Paris, France
- Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jonna Heldrich
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xiaoji Sun
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mingyu Kenneth Li
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Neta Agmon
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Whiting School of Engineering, JHU, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jitong Cai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Whiting School of Engineering, JHU, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Whiting School of Engineering, JHU, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Agnès Thierry
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525, Université de Paris, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yu Zhao
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Camila Coelho
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Laura H. McCulloch
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Stephanie Lauer
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David B. Kaback
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, International Center for Public Health, Newark, NJ 07101-1709, USA
| | - Joel S. Bader
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Leslie A. Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Julien Mozziconacci
- Structure and instability of Genomes Lab, UMR 7196, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 75005 Paris, France
| | - Romain Koszul
- Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR3525, Université de Paris, Unité Régulation Spatiale des Génomes, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Jef D. Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
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8
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Brooks AN, Hughes AL, Clauder-Münster S, Mitchell LA, Boeke JD, Steinmetz LM. Transcriptional neighborhoods regulate transcript isoform lengths and expression levels. Science 2022; 375:1000-1005. [PMID: 35239377 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sequence features of genes and their flanking regulatory regions are determinants of RNA transcript isoform expression and have been used as context-independent plug-and-play modules in synthetic biology. However, genetic context-including the adjacent transcriptional environment-also influences transcript isoform expression levels and boundaries. We used synthetic yeast strains with stochastically repositioned genes to systematically disentangle the effects of sequence and context. Profiling 120 million full-length transcript molecules across 612 genomic perturbations, we observed sequence-independent alterations to gene expression levels and transcript isoform boundaries that were influenced by neighboring transcription. We identified features of transcriptional context that could predict these alterations and used these features to engineer a synthetic circuit where transcript length was controlled by neighboring transcription. This demonstrates how positional context can be leveraged in synthetic genome engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron N Brooks
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amanda L Hughes
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Clauder-Münster
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA
| | - Lars M Steinmetz
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genome Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.,Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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9
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Abstract
DNA synthesis technology has progressed to the point that it is now practical to synthesize entire genomes. Quite a variety of methods have been developed, first to synthesize single genes but ultimately to massively edit or write from scratch entire genomes. Synthetic genomes can essentially be clones of native sequences, but this approach does not teach us much new biology. The ability to endow genomes with novel properties offers special promise for addressing questions not easily approachable with conventional gene-at-a-time methods. These include questions about evolution and about how genomes are fundamentally wired informationally, metabolically, and genetically. The techniques and technologies relating to how to design, build, and deliver big DNA at the genome scale are reviewed here. A fuller understanding of these principles may someday lead to the ability to truly design genomes from scratch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhang
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; , ,
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; , ,
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA;
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA; , , .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, New York, NY 11201, USA
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10
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Mitchell LA, McCulloch LH, Pinglay S, Berger H, Bosco N, Brosh R, Bulajić M, Huang E, Hogan MS, Martin JA, Mazzoni EO, Davoli T, Maurano MT, Boeke JD. De novo assembly and delivery to mouse cells of a 101 kb functional human gene. Genetics 2021; 218:6179110. [PMID: 33742653 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Design and large-scale synthesis of DNA has been applied to the functional study of viral and microbial genomes. New and expanded technology development is required to unlock the transformative potential of such bottom-up approaches to the study of larger mammalian genomes. Two major challenges include assembling and delivering long DNA sequences. Here, we describe a workflow for de novo DNA assembly and delivery that enables functional evaluation of mammalian genes on the length scale of 100 kilobase pairs (kb). The DNA assembly step is supported by an integrated robotic workcell. We demonstrate assembly of the 101 kb human HPRT1 gene in yeast from 3 kb building blocks, precision delivery of the resulting construct to mouse embryonic stem cells, and subsequent expression of the human protein from its full-length human gene in mouse cells. This workflow provides a framework for mammalian genome writing. We envision utility in producing designer variants of human genes linked to disease and their delivery and functional analysis in cell culture or animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Laura H McCulloch
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sudarshan Pinglay
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Henri Berger
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Nazario Bosco
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ran Brosh
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Milica Bulajić
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Emily Huang
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Megan S Hogan
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - James A Martin
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | | | - Teresa Davoli
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Matthew T Maurano
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10016, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY 11201,USA
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11
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Ostrov N, Beal J, Ellis T, Gordon DB, Karas BJ, Lee HH, Lenaghan SC, Schloss JA, Stracquadanio G, Trefzer A, Bader JS, Church GM, Coelho CM, Efcavitch JW, Güell M, Mitchell LA, Nielsen AAK, Peck B, Smith AC, Stewart CN, Tekotte H. Technological challenges and milestones for writing genomes. Science 2019; 366:310-312. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aay0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nili Ostrov
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | - Jacob Beal
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | - Tom Ellis
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | | | | | - Henry H. Lee
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | | | | | | | - Axel Trefzer
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | - Joel S. Bader
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | | | | | | | - Marc Güell
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | | | | | - Bill Peck
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | | | - C. Neal Stewart
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
| | - Hille Tekotte
- Author affiliations are listed in the supplementary materials
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12
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Jia B, Wu Y, Li BZ, Mitchell LA, Liu H, Pan S, Wang J, Zhang HR, Jia N, Li B, Shen M, Xie ZX, Liu D, Cao YX, Li X, Zhou X, Qi H, Boeke JD, Yuan YJ. Author Correction: Precise control of SCRaMbLE in synthetic haploid and diploid yeast. Nat Commun 2019; 10:839. [PMID: 30765692 PMCID: PMC6376008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The original version of this Article omitted a declaration from the Competing Interests statement, which should have included the following: 'J.D.B. is a founder and Director of the following: Neochromosome, Inc., the Center of Excellence for Engineering Biology, and CDI Labs, Inc. and serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of the following: Modern Meadow, Inc., Recombinetics, Inc., and Sample6, Inc.'. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shuo Pan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hao-Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Nan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Michael Shen
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ze-Xiong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Duo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ying-Xiu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hao Qi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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13
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Xie ZX, Mitchell LA, Liu HM, Li BZ, Liu D, Agmon N, Wu Y, Li X, Zhou X, Li B, Xiao WH, Ding MZ, Wang Y, Yuan YJ, Boeke JD. Rapid and Efficient CRISPR/Cas9-Based Mating-Type Switching of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. G3 (Bethesda) 2018; 8:173-183. [PMID: 29150593 PMCID: PMC5765346 DOI: 10.1534/g3.117.300347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and highly efficient mating-type switching of Saccharomyces cerevisiae enables a wide variety of genetic manipulations, such as the construction of strains, for instance, isogenic haploid pairs of both mating-types, diploids and polyploids. We used the CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate a double-strand break at the MAT locus and, in a single cotransformation, both haploid and diploid cells were switched to the specified mating-type at ∼80% efficiency. The mating-type of strains carrying either rod or ring chromosome III were switched, including those lacking HMLα and HMR a cryptic mating loci. Furthermore, we transplanted the synthetic yeast chromosome V to build a haploid polysynthetic chromosome strain by using this method together with an endoreduplication intercross strategy. The CRISPR/Cas9 mating-type switching method will be useful in building the complete synthetic yeast (Sc2.0) genome. Importantly, it is a generally useful method to build polyploids of a defined genotype and generally expedites strain construction, for example, in the construction of fully a/a/α/α isogenic tetraploids.
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MESH Headings
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Cell Engineering/methods
- Chromosomes, Artificial/chemistry
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
- DNA, Fungal/genetics
- DNA, Fungal/metabolism
- Gene Editing/methods
- Genes, Mating Type, Fungal
- Genetic Loci
- Genome, Fungal
- Plasmids/chemistry
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Ploidies
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics
- RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems/metabolism
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xiong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, 300072, China
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York 10016
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology NYU Langone Health, New York 10016
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York 10016
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, 300072, China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, 300072, China
| | - Duo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, 300072, China
| | - Neta Agmon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology NYU Langone Health, New York 10016
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York 10016
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, 300072, China
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York 10016
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, 300072, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, 300072, China
| | - Bo Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, 300072, China
| | - Wen-Hai Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, 300072, China
| | - Ming-Zhu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, 300072, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, 300072, China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, 300072, China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, 300072, China
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology NYU Langone Health, New York 10016
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Health, New York 10016
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14
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Abstract
The ability to express non-native pathways in genetically tractable model systems is important for fields such as synthetic biology, genetics, and metabolic engineering. Here we describe a modular and hierarchical strategy to assemble multigene pathways for expression in S. cerevisiae. First, discrete promoter, coding sequence, and terminator parts are assembled in vitro into Transcription Units (TUs) flanked by adapter sequences using "yeast Golden Gate" (yGG), a type IIS restriction enzyme-dependent cloning strategy. Next, harnessing the natural capacity of S. cerevisiae for homologous recombination, TUs are assembled into pathways and expressed using the "Versatile Genetic Assembly System" (VEGAS) in yeast. Coupling transcription units constructed by yGG with VEGAS assembly is a generic and flexible workflow to achieve pathway expression in S. cerevisiae. This protocol describes assembly of a five TU pathway for yeast production of violacein, a pigment derived from Chromobacterium violaceum.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chuang
- Department of Biomedical, High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jef D Boeke
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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15
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Richardson SM, Mitchell LA, Stracquadanio G, Yang K, Dymond JS, DiCarlo JE, Lee D, Huang CLV, Chandrasegaran S, Cai Y, Boeke JD, Bader JS. Design of a synthetic yeast genome. Science 2017; 355:1040-1044. [PMID: 28280199 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We describe complete design of a synthetic eukaryotic genome, Sc2.0, a highly modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome reduced in size by nearly 8%, with 1.1 megabases of the synthetic genome deleted, inserted, or altered. Sc2.0 chromosome design was implemented with BioStudio, an open-source framework developed for eukaryotic genome design, which coordinates design modifications from nucleotide to genome scales and enforces version control to systematically track edits. To achieve complete Sc2.0 genome synthesis, individual synthetic chromosomes built by Sc2.0 Consortium teams around the world will be consolidated into a single strain by "endoreduplication intercross." Chemically synthesized genomes like Sc2.0 are fully customizable and allow experimentalists to ask otherwise intractable questions about chromosome structure, function, and evolution with a bottom-up design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Richardson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jessica S Dymond
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James E DiCarlo
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cheng Lai Victor Huang
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Srinivasan Chandrasegaran
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yizhi Cai
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,University of Edinburgh, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Jef D Boeke
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. .,Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. .,High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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16
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Wu Y, Li BZ, Zhao M, Mitchell LA, Xie ZX, Lin QH, Wang X, Xiao WH, Wang Y, Zhou X, Liu H, Li X, Ding MZ, Liu D, Zhang L, Liu BL, Wu XL, Li FF, Dong XT, Jia B, Zhang WZ, Jiang GZ, Liu Y, Bai X, Song TQ, Chen Y, Zhou SJ, Zhu RY, Gao F, Kuang Z, Wang X, Shen M, Yang K, Stracquadanio G, Richardson SM, Lin Y, Wang L, Walker R, Luo Y, Ma PS, Yang H, Cai Y, Dai J, Bader JS, Boeke JD, Yuan YJ. Bug mapping and fitness testing of chemically synthesized chromosome X. Science 2017; 355:355/6329/eaaf4706. [PMID: 28280152 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf4706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Debugging a genome sequence is imperative for successfully building a synthetic genome. As part of the effort to build a designer eukaryotic genome, yeast synthetic chromosome X (synX), designed as 707,459 base pairs, was synthesized chemically. SynX exhibited good fitness under a wide variety of conditions. A highly efficient mapping strategy called pooled PCRTag mapping (PoPM), which can be generalized to any watermarked synthetic chromosome, was developed to identify genetic alterations that affect cell fitness ("bugs"). A series of bugs were corrected that included a large region bearing complex amplifications, a growth defect mapping to a recoded sequence in FIP1, and a loxPsym site affecting promoter function of ATP2 PoPM is a powerful tool for synthetic yeast genome debugging and an efficient strategy for phenotype-genotype mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ze-Xiong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Qiu-Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Wen-Hai Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Hong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Duo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Bao-Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xiao-Le Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Fei-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xiu-Tao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Bin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Wen-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Guo-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Tian-Qing Song
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Si-Jie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Rui-Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Zheng Kuang
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xuya Wang
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Shen
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- High Throughput Biology Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- High Throughput Biology Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Sarah M Richardson
- High Throughput Biology Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yicong Lin
- Key laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Key laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Roy Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Yisha Luo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Ping-Sheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, PR China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yizhi Cai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Junbiao Dai
- Key laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Joel S Bader
- High Throughput Biology Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
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17
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Mercy G, Mozziconacci J, Scolari VF, Yang K, Zhao G, Thierry A, Luo Y, Mitchell LA, Shen M, Shen Y, Walker R, Zhang W, Wu Y, Xie ZX, Luo Z, Cai Y, Dai J, Yang H, Yuan YJ, Boeke JD, Bader JS, Muller H, Koszul R. 3D organization of synthetic and scrambled chromosomes. Science 2017; 355:355/6329/eaaf4597. [PMID: 28280150 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf4597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although the design of the synthetic yeast genome Sc2.0 is highly conservative with respect to gene content, the deletion of several classes of repeated sequences and the introduction of thousands of designer changes may affect genome organization and potentially alter cellular functions. We report here the Hi-C-determined three-dimensional (3D) conformations of Sc2.0 chromosomes. The absence of repeats leads to a smoother contact pattern and more precisely tractable chromosome conformations, and the large-scale genomic organization is globally unaffected by the presence of synthetic chromosome(s). Two exceptions are synIII, which lacks the silent mating-type cassettes, and synXII, specifically when the ribosomal DNA is moved to another chromosome. We also exploit the contact maps to detect rearrangements induced in SCRaMbLE (synthetic chromosome rearrangement and modification by loxP-mediated evolution) strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Mercy
- Spatial Regulation of Genomes, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.,UMR3525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris 75015, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Université Paris 6), Paris 75005, France
| | - Julien Mozziconacci
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS UMR7600, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Université Paris 6), Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Vittore F Scolari
- Spatial Regulation of Genomes, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.,UMR3525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris 75015, France
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and High-Throughput Biology Center, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Guanghou Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Agnès Thierry
- Spatial Regulation of Genomes, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France.,UMR3525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris 75015, France
| | - Yisha Luo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Michael Shen
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yue Shen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Roy Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ze-Xiong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhouqing Luo
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yizhi Cai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Junbiao Dai
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China.,BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Joel S Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and High-Throughput Biology Center, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Héloïse Muller
- Spatial Regulation of Genomes, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France. .,UMR3525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris 75015, France
| | - Romain Koszul
- Spatial Regulation of Genomes, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France. .,UMR3525, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris 75015, France
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18
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Zhang W, Zhao G, Luo Z, Lin Y, Wang L, Guo Y, Wang A, Jiang S, Jiang Q, Gong J, Wang Y, Hou S, Huang J, Li T, Qin Y, Dong J, Qin Q, Zhang J, Zou X, He X, Zhao L, Xiao Y, Xu M, Cheng E, Huang N, Zhou T, Shen Y, Walker R, Luo Y, Kuang Z, Mitchell LA, Yang K, Richardson SM, Wu Y, Li BZ, Yuan YJ, Yang H, Lin J, Chen GQ, Wu Q, Bader JS, Cai Y, Boeke JD, Dai J. Engineering the ribosomal DNA in a megabase synthetic chromosome. Science 2017; 355:355/6329/eaaf3981. [PMID: 28280149 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a 976,067-base pair linear chromosome, synXII, based on native chromosome XII in Saccharomyces cerevisiae SynXII was assembled using a two-step method, specified by successive megachunk integration and meiotic recombination-mediated assembly, producing a functional chromosome in S. cerevisiae. Minor growth defect "bugs" detected in synXII, caused by deletion of tRNA genes, were rescued by introducing an ectopic copy of a single tRNA gene. The ribosomal gene cluster (rDNA) on synXII was left intact during the assembly process and subsequently replaced by a modified rDNA unit used to regenerate rDNA at three distinct chromosomal locations. The signature sequences within rDNA, which can be used to determine species identity, were swapped to generate a Saccharomyces synXII strain that would be identified as Saccharomyces bayanus by standard DNA barcoding procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guanghou Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhouqing Luo
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yicong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yakun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ann Wang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shuangying Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Yun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Sha Hou
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianyi Li
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiran Qin
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junkai Dong
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qin Qin
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiaying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xinzhi Zou
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi He
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yibo Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Erchao Cheng
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ning Huang
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yue Shen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.,BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Roy Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Yisha Luo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Zheng Kuang
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10011, USA
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10011, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- High-Throughput Biological Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sarah M Richardson
- High-Throughput Biological Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiwei Lin
- Wuxi Qinglan Biotechnology Inc., Yixing, Jiangsu 214200, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Joel S Bader
- High-Throughput Biological Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yizhi Cai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10011, USA
| | - Junbiao Dai
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education) and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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19
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Shen Y, Wang Y, Chen T, Gao F, Gong J, Abramczyk D, Walker R, Zhao H, Chen S, Liu W, Luo Y, Müller CA, Paul-Dubois-Taine A, Alver B, Stracquadanio G, Mitchell LA, Luo Z, Fan Y, Zhou B, Wen B, Tan F, Wang Y, Zi J, Xie Z, Li B, Yang K, Richardson SM, Jiang H, French CE, Nieduszynski CA, Koszul R, Marston AL, Yuan Y, Wang J, Bader JS, Dai J, Boeke JD, Xu X, Cai Y, Yang H. Deep functional analysis of synII, a 770-kilobase synthetic yeast chromosome. Science 2017; 355:eaaf4791. [PMID: 28280153 PMCID: PMC5390853 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf4791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the successful design, construction, and characterization of a 770-kilobase synthetic yeast chromosome II (synII). Our study incorporates characterization at multiple levels-including phenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, chromosome segregation, and replication analysis-to provide a thorough and comprehensive analysis of a synthetic chromosome. Our Trans-Omics analyses reveal a modest but potentially relevant pervasive up-regulation of translational machinery observed in synII, mainly caused by the deletion of 13 transfer RNAs. By both complementation assays and SCRaMbLE (synthetic chromosome rearrangement and modification by loxP-mediated evolution), we targeted and debugged the origin of a growth defect at 37°C in glycerol medium, which is related to misregulation of the high-osmolarity glycerol response. Despite the subtle differences, the synII strain shows highly consistent biological processes comparable to the native strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Yun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Tai Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Feng Gao
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | - Dariusz Abramczyk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Roy Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | | | | | - Wei Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Yisha Luo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Carolin A. Müller
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | - Bonnie Alver
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- High-Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 USA
| | - Leslie A. Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Medical Center, ACLSW Room 503, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016
| | - Zhouqing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | | - Bo Wen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | | | - Jin Zi
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Zexiong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Bingzhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Kun Yang
- High-Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205 USA
| | - Sarah M. Richardson
- High-Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | | | - Romain Koszul
- Department of Genomes and Genetics, Institut Pasteur / CNRS UMR3525, 25-28, rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
| | - Adele L. Marston
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Yingjin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Joel S. Bader
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Medical Center, ACLSW Room 503, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016
| | - Junbiao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jef D. Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Medical Center, ACLSW Room 503, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- BGI-Qingdao, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Yizhi Cai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, China
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20
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Xie ZX, Li BZ, Mitchell LA, Wu Y, Qi X, Jin Z, Jia B, Wang X, Zeng BX, Liu HM, Wu XL, Feng Q, Zhang WZ, Liu W, Ding MZ, Li X, Zhao GR, Qiao JJ, Cheng JS, Zhao M, Kuang Z, Wang X, Martin JA, Stracquadanio G, Yang K, Bai X, Zhao J, Hu ML, Lin QH, Zhang WQ, Shen MH, Chen S, Su W, Wang EX, Guo R, Zhai F, Guo XJ, Du HX, Zhu JQ, Song TQ, Dai JJ, Li FF, Jiang GZ, Han SL, Liu SY, Yu ZC, Yang XN, Chen K, Hu C, Li DS, Jia N, Liu Y, Wang LT, Wang S, Wei XT, Fu MQ, Qu LM, Xin SY, Liu T, Tian KR, Li XN, Zhang JH, Song LX, Liu JG, Lv JF, Xu H, Tao R, Wang Y, Zhang TT, Deng YX, Wang YR, Li T, Ye GX, Xu XR, Xia ZB, Zhang W, Yang SL, Liu YL, Ding WQ, Liu ZN, Zhu JQ, Liu NZ, Walker R, Luo Y, Wang Y, Shen Y, Yang H, Cai Y, Ma PS, Zhang CT, Bader JS, Boeke JD, Yuan YJ. "Perfect" designer chromosome V and behavior of a ring derivative. Science 2017; 355:eaaf4704. [PMID: 28280151 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf4704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Perfect matching of an assembled physical sequence to a specified designed sequence is crucial to verify design principles in genome synthesis. We designed and de novo synthesized 536,024-base pair chromosome synV in the "Build-A-Genome China" course. We corrected an initial isolate of synV to perfectly match the designed sequence using integrative cotransformation and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated editing in 22 steps; synV strains exhibit high fitness under a variety of culture conditions, compared with that of wild-type V strains. A ring synV derivative was constructed, which is fully functional in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under all conditions tested and exhibits lower spore viability during meiosis. Ring synV chromosome can extends Sc2.0 design principles and provides a model with which to study genomic rearrangement, ring chromosome evolution, and human ring chromosome disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Xiong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bing-Zhi Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Bo-Xuan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Hui-Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiao-Le Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Qi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wen-Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ming-Zhu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Guang-Rong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jian-Jun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jing-Sheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zheng Kuang
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xuya Wang
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - J Andrew Martin
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- High Throughput Biology Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, England, UK
| | - Kun Yang
- High Throughput Biology Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA
| | - Xue Bai
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Meng-Long Hu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Qiu-Hui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wen-Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ming-Hua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Si Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wan Su
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - En-Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Fang Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xue-Jiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Hao-Xing Du
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jia-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Tian-Qing Song
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jun-Jun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Fei-Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Guo-Zhen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Shi-Lei Han
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Shi-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhi-Chao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiao-Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ken Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Cheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Da-Shuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Nan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Lin-Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Su Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wei
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Mei-Qing Fu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Lan-Meng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Si-Yu Xin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Kai-Ren Tian
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jin-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Li-Xiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jin-Gui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jia-Fei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Hang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ran Tao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ye-Xuan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yi-Ran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Guang-Xin Ye
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ran Xu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zheng-Bao Xia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Shi-Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yi-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wen-Qi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Zhen-Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Jun-Qi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Ning-Zhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Roy Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Yisha Luo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Yun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, PR China
| | - Yue Shen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, PR China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, PR China
- James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yizhi Cai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Ping-Sheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Chun-Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Joel S Bader
- High Throughput Biology Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore 21205, MD, USA
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Langone Medical Center, New York University, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
- SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
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21
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Mitchell LA, Wang A, Stracquadanio G, Kuang Z, Wang X, Yang K, Richardson S, Martin JA, Zhao Y, Walker R, Luo Y, Dai H, Dong K, Tang Z, Yang Y, Cai Y, Heguy A, Ueberheide B, Fenyö D, Dai J, Bader JS, Boeke JD. Synthesis, debugging, and effects of synthetic chromosome consolidation: synVI and beyond. Science 2017; 355. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
Total synthesis of designer chromosomes and genomes is a new paradigm for the study of genetics and biological systems. The Sc2.0 project is building a designer yeast genome from scratch to test and extend the limits of our biological knowledge. Here we describe the design, rapid assembly, and characterization of synthetic chromosome VI (synVI). Further, we investigate the phenotypic, transcriptomic, and proteomic consequences associated with consolidation of three synthetic chromosomes–synVI, synIII, and synIXR—into a single poly-synthetic strain.
RATIONALE
A host of Sc2.0 chromosomes, including synVI, have now been constructed in discrete strains. With debugging steps, where the number of bugs scales with chromosome length, all individual synthetic chromosomes have been shown to power yeast cells to near wild-type (WT) fitness. Testing the effects of Sc2.0 chromosome consolidation to uncover possible synthetic genetic interactions and/or perturbations of native cellular networks as the number of designer changes increases is the next major step for the Sc2.0 project.
RESULTS
SynVI was rapidly assembled using nine sequential steps of SwAP-In (switching auxotrophies progressively by integration), yielding a ~240-kb synthetic chromosome designed to Sc2.0 specifications. We observed partial silencing of the left- and rightmost genes on synVI, each newly positioned subtelomerically relative to their locations on native VI. This result suggests that consensus core X elements of Sc2.0 universal telomere caps are insufficient to fully buffer telomere position effects. The synVI strain displayed a growth defect characterized by an increased frequency of glycerol-negative colonies. The defect mapped to a synVI design feature in the essential
PRE4
gene (
YFR050C
), encoding the β7 subunit of the 20
S
proteasome. Recoding 10 codons near the 3′ end of the
PRE4
open reading frame (ORF) caused a ~twofold reduction in Pre4 protein level without affecting RNA abundance. Reverting the codons to the WT sequence corrected both the Pre4 protein level and the phenotype. We hypothesize that the formation of a stem loop involving recoded codons underlies reduced Pre4 protein level.
Sc2.0 chromosomes (synI to synXVI) are constructed individually in discrete strains and consolidated into poly-synthetic (poly-syn) strains by “endoreduplication intercross.” Consolidation of synVI with synthetic chromosomes III (synIII) and IXR (synIXR) yields a triple-synthetic (triple-syn) strain that is ~6% synthetic overall—with almost 70 kb deleted, including 20 tRNAs, and more than 12 kb recoded. Genome sequencing of double-synthetic (synIII synVI, synIII synIXR, synVI synIXR) and triple-syn (synIII synVI synIXR) cells indicates that suppressor mutations are not required to enable coexistence of Sc2.0 chromosomes. Phenotypic analysis revealed a slightly slower growth rate for the triple-syn strain only; the combined effect of tRNA deletions on different chromosomes might underlie this result. Transcriptome and proteome analyses indicate that cellular networks are largely unperturbed by the existence of multiple synthetic chromosomes in a single cell. However, a second bug on synVI was discovered through proteomic analysis and is associated with alteration of the
HIS2
transcription start as a consequence of tRNA deletion and loxPsym site insertion. Despite extensive genetic alterations across 6% of the genome, no major global changes were detected in the poly-syn strain “omics” analyses.
CONCLUSION
Analyses of phenotypes, transcriptomics, and proteomics of synVI and poly-syn strains reveal, in general, WT cell properties and the existence of rare bugs resulting from genome editing. Deletion of subtelomeres can lead to gene silencing, recoding deep within an ORF can yield a translational defect, and deletion of elements such as tRNA genes can lead to a complex transcriptional output. These results underscore the complementarity of transcriptomics and proteomics to identify bugs, the consequences of designer changes in Sc2.0 chromosomes. The consolidation of Sc2.0 designer chromosomes into a single strain appears to be exceptionally well tolerated by yeast. A predictable exception to this is the deletion of tRNAs, which will be restored on a separate neochromosome to avoid synthetic lethal genetic interactions between deleted tRNA genes as additional synthetic chromosomes are introduced.
Debugging synVI and characterization of poly-synthetic yeast cells.
(
A
) The second Sc2.0 chromosome to be constructed, synVI, encodes a “bug” that causes a variable colony size, dubbed a “glycerol-negative growth-suppression defect.” (
B
) Synonymous changes in the essential
PRE4
ORF lead to a reduced protein level, which underlies the growth defect. (
C
) The poly-synthetic strain synIII synVI synIXR directs growth of yeast cells to near WT fitness levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A. Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ann Wang
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Zheng Kuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Xuya Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sarah Richardson
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - J. Andrew Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Roy Walker
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Yisha Luo
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | | | - Kang Dong
- GenScript, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zuojian Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yanling Yang
- Proteomics Resource Center, Office of Collaborative Science, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Yizhi Cai
- Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Adriana Heguy
- Genome Technology Center, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Beatrix Ueberheide
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Proteomics Resource Center, Office of Collaborative Science, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Junbiao Dai
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Joel S. Bader
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Key Laboratory for Industrial Biocatalysis (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics (Ministry of Education), Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jef D. Boeke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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22
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Schlingmann B, Overgaard CE, Molina SA, Lynn KS, Mitchell LA, Dorsainvil White S, Mattheyses AL, Guidot DM, Capaldo CT, Koval M. Regulation of claudin/zonula occludens-1 complexes by hetero-claudin interactions. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12276. [PMID: 27452368 PMCID: PMC4962485 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Claudins are tetraspan transmembrane tight-junction proteins that regulate epithelial barriers. In the distal airspaces of the lung, alveolar epithelial tight junctions are crucial to regulate airspace fluid. Chronic alcohol abuse weakens alveolar tight junctions, priming the lung for acute respiratory distress syndrome, a frequently lethal condition caused by airspace flooding. Here we demonstrate that in response to alcohol, increased claudin-5 paradoxically accompanies an increase in paracellular leak and rearrangement of alveolar tight junctions. Claudin-5 is necessary and sufficient to diminish alveolar epithelial barrier function by impairing the ability of claudin-18 to interact with a scaffold protein, zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), demonstrating that one claudin affects the ability of another claudin to interact with the tight-junction scaffold. Critically, a claudin-5 peptide mimetic reverses the deleterious effects of alcohol on alveolar barrier function. Thus, claudin controlled claudin-scaffold protein interactions are a novel target to regulate tight-junction permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Schlingmann
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 205 Whitehead Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Christian E Overgaard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 205 Whitehead Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Samuel A Molina
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 205 Whitehead Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - K Sabrina Lynn
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 205 Whitehead Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 205 Whitehead Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - StevenClaude Dorsainvil White
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 205 Whitehead Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - David M Guidot
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 205 Whitehead Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033, USA
| | - Christopher T Capaldo
- Department of Pathology; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 205 Whitehead Building, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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23
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Boeke JD, Church G, Hessel A, Kelley NJ, Arkin A, Cai Y, Carlson R, Chakravarti A, Cornish VW, Holt L, Isaacs FJ, Kuiken T, Lajoie M, Lessor T, Lunshof J, Maurano MT, Mitchell LA, Rine J, Rosser S, Sanjana NE, Silver PA, Valle D, Wang H, Way JC, Yang L. GENOME ENGINEERING. The Genome Project-Write. Science 2016; 353:126-7. [PMID: 27256881 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf6850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We need technology and an ethical framework for genome-scale engineering
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Affiliation(s)
- Jef D Boeke
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials.
| | - George Church
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials.
| | - Andrew Hessel
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials.
| | - Nancy J Kelley
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials.
| | - Adam Arkin
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Yizhi Cai
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Rob Carlson
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | | | - Virginia W Cornish
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Liam Holt
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Farren J Isaacs
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Todd Kuiken
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Marc Lajoie
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Tracy Lessor
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Jeantine Lunshof
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Matthew T Maurano
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Jasper Rine
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Susan Rosser
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Neville E Sanjana
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Pamela A Silver
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - David Valle
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Harris Wang
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Jeffrey C Way
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
| | - Luhan Yang
- The list of author affiliations is available in the supplementary materials
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24
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Liu TT, Achrol AS, Mitchell LA, Du WA, Loya JJ, Rodriguez SA, Feroze A, Westbroek EM, Yeom KW, Stuart JM, Chang SD, Harsh GR, Rubin DL. Computational Identification of Tumor Anatomic Location Associated with Survival in 2 Large Cohorts of Human Primary Glioblastomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:621-8. [PMID: 26744442 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tumor location has been shown to be a significant prognostic factor in patients with glioblastoma. The purpose of this study was to characterize glioblastoma lesions by identifying MR imaging voxel-based tumor location features that are associated with tumor molecular profiles, patient characteristics, and clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Preoperative T1 anatomic MR images of 384 patients with glioblastomas were obtained from 2 independent cohorts (n = 253 from the Stanford University Medical Center for training and n = 131 from The Cancer Genome Atlas for validation). An automated computational image-analysis pipeline was developed to determine the anatomic locations of tumor in each patient. Voxel-based differences in tumor location between good (overall survival of >17 months) and poor (overall survival of <11 months) survival groups identified in the training cohort were used to classify patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas cohort into 2 brain-location groups, for which clinical features, messenger RNA expression, and copy number changes were compared to elucidate the biologic basis of tumors located in different brain regions. RESULTS Tumors in the right occipitotemporal periventricular white matter were significantly associated with poor survival in both training and test cohorts (both, log-rank P < .05) and had larger tumor volume compared with tumors in other locations. Tumors in the right periatrial location were associated with hypoxia pathway enrichment and PDGFRA amplification, making them potential targets for subgroup-specific therapies. CONCLUSIONS Voxel-based location in glioblastoma is associated with patient outcome and may have a potential role for guiding personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Liu
- From the Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Biomedical Informatics Training Program (T.T.L., D.L.R.) Department of Radiology (T.T.L., L.A.M., W.A.D., K.W.Y., D.L.R.)
| | - A S Achrol
- Stanford Institute for Neuro-Innovation and Translational Neurosciences (A.S.A.) Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (A.S.A.) Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., J.J.L., S.A.R., E.M.W., S.D.C., G.R.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - L A Mitchell
- Department of Radiology (T.T.L., L.A.M., W.A.D., K.W.Y., D.L.R.)
| | - W A Du
- Department of Radiology (T.T.L., L.A.M., W.A.D., K.W.Y., D.L.R.)
| | - J J Loya
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., J.J.L., S.A.R., E.M.W., S.D.C., G.R.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - S A Rodriguez
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., J.J.L., S.A.R., E.M.W., S.D.C., G.R.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - A Feroze
- Department of Neurological Surgery (A.F.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - E M Westbroek
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., J.J.L., S.A.R., E.M.W., S.D.C., G.R.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - K W Yeom
- Department of Radiology (T.T.L., L.A.M., W.A.D., K.W.Y., D.L.R.)
| | - J M Stuart
- Biomolecular Engineering (J.M.S.), University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California
| | - S D Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., J.J.L., S.A.R., E.M.W., S.D.C., G.R.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - G R Harsh
- Department of Neurosurgery (A.S.A., J.J.L., S.A.R., E.M.W., S.D.C., G.R.H.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - D L Rubin
- From the Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research and Biomedical Informatics Training Program (T.T.L., D.L.R.) Department of Radiology (T.T.L., L.A.M., W.A.D., K.W.Y., D.L.R.)
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25
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Shen Y, Stracquadanio G, Wang Y, Yang K, Mitchell LA, Xue Y, Cai Y, Chen T, Dymond JS, Kang K, Gong J, Zeng X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Feng Q, Xu X, Wang J, Wang J, Yang H, Boeke JD, Bader JS. SCRaMbLE generates designed combinatorial stochastic diversity in synthetic chromosomes. Genome Res 2015; 26:36-49. [PMID: 26566658 PMCID: PMC4691749 DOI: 10.1101/gr.193433.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic chromosome rearrangement and modification by loxP-mediated evolution (SCRaMbLE) generates combinatorial genomic diversity through rearrangements at designed recombinase sites. We applied SCRaMbLE to yeast synthetic chromosome arm synIXR (43 recombinase sites) and then used a computational pipeline to infer or unscramble the sequence of recombinations that created the observed genomes. Deep sequencing of 64 synIXR SCRaMbLE strains revealed 156 deletions, 89 inversions, 94 duplications, and 55 additional complex rearrangements; several duplications are consistent with a double rolling circle mechanism. Every SCRaMbLE strain was unique, validating the capability of SCRaMbLE to explore a diverse space of genomes. Rearrangements occurred exclusively at designed loxPsym sites, with no significant evidence for ectopic rearrangements or mutations involving synthetic regions, the 99% nonsynthetic nuclear genome, or the mitochondrial genome. Deletion frequencies identified genes required for viability or fast growth. Replacement of 3′ UTR by non-UTR sequence had surprisingly little effect on fitness. SCRaMbLE generates genome diversity in designated regions, reveals fitness constraints, and should scale to simultaneous evolution of multiple synthetic chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- High-Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Yun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Kun Yang
- High-Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Leslie A Mitchell
- High-Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Yaxin Xue
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yizhi Cai
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, United Kingdom
| | - Tai Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jessica S Dymond
- High-Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
| | - Kang Kang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xun Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jun Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; Princess Al Jawhara Center of Excellence in the Research of Hereditary Disorders, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China; James D. Watson Institute of Genome Science, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jef D Boeke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Institute for Systems Genetics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Joel S Bader
- High-Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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26
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Agmon N, Mitchell LA, Cai Y, Ikushima S, Chuang J, Zheng A, Choi WJ, Martin JA, Caravelli K, Stracquadanio G, Boeke JD. Yeast Golden Gate (yGG) for the Efficient Assembly of S. cerevisiae Transcription Units. ACS Synth Biol 2015; 4:853-9. [PMID: 25756291 DOI: 10.1021/sb500372z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have adapted the Golden Gate DNA assembly method to the assembly of transcription units (TUs) for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in a method we call yeast Golden Gate (yGG). yGG allows for the easy assembly of TUs consisting of promoters (PRO), coding sequences (CDS), and terminators (TER). Carefully designed overhangs exposed by digestion with a type IIS restriction enzyme enable virtually seamless assembly of TUs that, in principle, contain all of the information necessary to express a gene of interest in yeast. We also describe a versatile set of yGG acceptor vectors to be used for TU assembly. These vectors can be used for low or high copy expression of assembled TUs or integration into carefully selected innocuous genomic loci. yGG provides synthetic biologists and yeast geneticists with an efficient new means by which to engineer S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Agmon
- Institute
for Systems Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Leslie A. Mitchell
- Institute
for Systems Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Yizhi Cai
- High
Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Edward D.
Miller Research Building, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JR, United Kingdom
| | - Shigehito Ikushima
- High
Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Edward D.
Miller Research Building, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - James Chuang
- High
Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Edward D.
Miller Research Building, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Allen Zheng
- High
Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Edward D.
Miller Research Building, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Woo-Jin Choi
- High
Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Edward D.
Miller Research Building, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - J. Andrew Martin
- Institute
for Systems Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Katrina Caravelli
- High
Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Edward D.
Miller Research Building, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- High
Throughput Biology Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Edward D.
Miller Research Building, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jef D. Boeke
- Institute
for Systems Genetics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
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27
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Mitchell LA, Phillips NA, Lafont A, Martin JA, Cutting R, Boeke JD. qPCRTag Analysis--A High Throughput, Real Time PCR Assay for Sc2.0 Genotyping. J Vis Exp 2015:e52941. [PMID: 26067760 DOI: 10.3791/52941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Synthetic Yeast Genome Project (Sc2.0) aims to build 16 designer yeast chromosomes and combine them into a single yeast cell. To date one synthetic chromosome, synIII(1), and one synthetic chromosome arm, synIXR(2), have been constructed and their in vivo function validated in the absence of the corresponding wild type chromosomes. An important design feature of Sc2.0 chromosomes is the introduction of PCRTags, which are short, re-coded sequences within open reading frames (ORFs) that enable differentiation of synthetic chromosomes from their wild type counterparts. PCRTag primers anneal selectively to either synthetic or wild type chromosomes and the presence/absence of each type of DNA can be tested using a simple PCR assay. The standard readout of the PCRTag assay is to assess presence/absence of amplicons by agarose gel electrophoresis. However, with an average PCRTag amplicon density of one per 1.5 kb and a genome size of ~12 Mb, the completed Sc2.0 genome will encode roughly 8,000 PCRTags. To improve throughput, we have developed a real time PCR-based detection assay for PCRTag genotyping that we call qPCRTag analysis. The workflow specifies 500 nl reactions in a 1,536 multiwell plate, allowing us to test up to 768 PCRTags with both synthetic and wild type primer pairs in a single experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Systems Genetics
| | - Nick A Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Systems Genetics
| | | | - James A Martin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Systems Genetics
| | | | - Jef D Boeke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Institute for Systems Genetics;
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28
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Mitchell LA, Chuang J, Agmon N, Khunsriraksakul C, Phillips NA, Cai Y, Truong DM, Veerakumar A, Wang Y, Mayorga M, Blomquist P, Sadda P, Trueheart J, Boeke JD. Versatile genetic assembly system (VEGAS) to assemble pathways for expression in S. cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:6620-30. [PMID: 25956652 PMCID: PMC4513848 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed a method for assembling genetic pathways for expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Our pathway assembly method, called VEGAS (Versatile genetic assembly system), exploits the native capacity of S. cerevisiae to perform homologous recombination and efficiently join sequences with terminal homology. In the VEGAS workflow, terminal homology between adjacent pathway genes and the assembly vector is encoded by 'VEGAS adapter' (VA) sequences, which are orthogonal in sequence with respect to the yeast genome. Prior to pathway assembly by VEGAS in S. cerevisiae, each gene is assigned an appropriate pair of VAs and assembled using a previously described technique called yeast Golden Gate (yGG). Here we describe the application of yGG specifically to building transcription units for VEGAS assembly as well as the VEGAS methodology. We demonstrate the assembly of four-, five- and six-gene pathways by VEGAS to generate S. cerevisiae cells synthesizing β-carotene and violacein. Moreover, we demonstrate the capacity of yGG coupled to VEGAS for combinatorial assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - James Chuang
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Neta Agmon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chachrit Khunsriraksakul
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Nick A Phillips
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Yizhi Cai
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - David M Truong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ashan Veerakumar
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | | | - Praneeth Sadda
- High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Jef D Boeke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York City, NY 10016, USA High Throughput Biology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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29
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Lin Q, Jia B, Mitchell LA, Luo J, Yang K, Zeller KI, Zhang W, Xu Z, Stracquadanio G, Bader JS, Boeke JD, Yuan YJ. RADOM, an efficient in vivo method for assembling designed DNA fragments up to 10 kb long in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2015; 4:213-20. [PMID: 24895839 DOI: 10.1021/sb500241e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe rapid assembly of DNA overlapping multifragments (RADOM), an improved assembly method via homologous recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which combines assembly in yeasto with blue/white screening in Escherichia coli. We show that RADOM can successfully assemble ∼3 and ∼10 kb DNA fragments that are highly similar to the yeast genome rapidly and accurately. This method was tested in the Build-A-Genome course by undergraduate students, where 125 ∼3 kb "minichunks" from the synthetic yeast genome project Sc2.0 were assembled. Here, 122 out of 125 minichunks achieved insertions with correct sizes, and 102 minichunks were sequenced verified. As this method reduces the time-consuming and labor-intensive efforts of yeast assembly by improving the screening efficiency for correct assemblies, it may find routine applications in the construction of DNA fragments, especially in hierarchical assembly projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhui Lin
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Bin Jia
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Leslie A. Mitchell
- High
Throughput Biology Center, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Institute
for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Jingchuan Luo
- High
Throughput Biology Center, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Institute
for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Kun Yang
- High
Throughput Biology Center, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Karen I. Zeller
- High
Throughput Biology Center, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Zhuwei Xu
- High
Throughput Biology Center, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Institute
for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Giovanni Stracquadanio
- High
Throughput Biology Center, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Joel S. Bader
- High
Throughput Biology Center, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Computational Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jef D. Boeke
- High
Throughput Biology Center, Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
- Institute
for Systems Genetics, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Ying-Jin Yuan
- Key
Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
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30
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Annaluru N, Muller H, Mitchell LA, Ramalingam S, Stracquadanio G, Richardson SM, Dymond JS, Kuang Z, Scheifele LZ, Cooper EM, Cai Y, Zeller K, Agmon N, Han JS, Hadjithomas M, Tullman J, Caravelli K, Cirelli K, Guo Z, London V, Yeluru A, Murugan S, Kandavelou K, Agier N, Fischer G, Yang K, Martin JA, Bilgel M, Bohutski P, Boulier KM, Capaldo BJ, Chang J, Charoen K, Choi WJ, Deng P, DiCarlo JE, Doong J, Dunn J, Feinberg JI, Fernandez C, Floria CE, Gladowski D, Hadidi P, Ishizuka I, Jabbari J, Lau CYL, Lee PA, Li S, Lin D, Linder ME, Ling J, Liu J, Liu J, London M, Ma H, Mao J, McDade JE, McMillan A, Moore AM, Oh WC, Ouyang Y, Patel R, Paul M, Paulsen LC, Qiu J, Rhee A, Rubashkin MG, Soh IY, Sotuyo NE, Srinivas V, Suarez A, Wong A, Wong R, Xie WR, Xu Y, Yu AT, Koszul R, Bader JS, Boeke JD, Chandrasegaran S. Total synthesis of a functional designer eukaryotic chromosome. Science 2014; 344:55-8. [PMID: 24674868 DOI: 10.1126/science.1249252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapid advances in DNA synthesis techniques have made it possible to engineer viruses, biochemical pathways and assemble bacterial genomes. Here, we report the synthesis of a functional 272,871-base pair designer eukaryotic chromosome, synIII, which is based on the 316,617-base pair native Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome III. Changes to synIII include TAG/TAA stop-codon replacements, deletion of subtelomeric regions, introns, transfer RNAs, transposons, and silent mating loci as well as insertion of loxPsym sites to enable genome scrambling. SynIII is functional in S. cerevisiae. Scrambling of the chromosome in a heterozygous diploid reveals a large increase in a-mater derivatives resulting from loss of the MATα allele on synIII. The complete design and synthesis of synIII establishes S. cerevisiae as the basis for designer eukaryotic genome biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayana Annaluru
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University (JHU) School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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31
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Mitchell LA, Cai Y, Taylor M, Noronha AM, Chuang J, Dai L, Boeke JD. Multichange isothermal mutagenesis: a new strategy for multiple site-directed mutations in plasmid DNA. ACS Synth Biol 2013; 2:473-7. [PMID: 23654272 DOI: 10.1021/sb300131w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multichange ISOthermal (MISO) mutagenesis is a new technique allowing simultaneous introduction of multiple site-directed mutations into plasmid DNA by leveraging two existing ideas: QuikChange-style primers and one-step isothermal (ISO) assembly. Inversely partnering pairs of QuikChange primers results in robust, exponential amplification of linear fragments of DNA encoding mutagenic yet homologous ends. These products are amenable to ISO assembly, which efficiently assembles them into a circular, mutagenized plasmid. Because the technique relies on ISO assembly, MISO mutagenesis is additionally amenable to other relevant DNA modifications such as insertions and deletions. Here we provide a detailed description of the MISO mutagenesis concept and highlight its versatility by applying it to three experiments currently intractable with standard site-directed mutagenesis approaches. MISO mutagenesis has the potential to become widely used for site-directed mutagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A. Mitchell
- Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics and High Throughput Biology Center and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,
United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Yizhi Cai
- Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics and High Throughput Biology Center and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,
United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Martin Taylor
- Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics and High Throughput Biology Center and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,
United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Anne Marie Noronha
- Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics and High Throughput Biology Center and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,
United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - James Chuang
- Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics and High Throughput Biology Center and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,
United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Lixin Dai
- Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics and High Throughput Biology Center and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,
United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Jef D. Boeke
- Department of Molecular Biology and
Genetics and High Throughput Biology Center and ‡Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland,
United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and ∥Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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32
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Yeom KW, Mitchell LA, Lober RM, Barnes PD, Vogel H, Fisher PG, Edwards MS. Arterial spin-labeled perfusion of pediatric brain tumors. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 35:395-401. [PMID: 23907239 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pediatric brain tumors have diverse pathologic features, which poses diagnostic challenges. Although perfusion evaluation of adult tumors is well established, hemodynamic properties are not well characterized in children. Our goal was to apply arterial spin-labeling perfusion for various pathologic types of pediatric brain tumors and evaluate the role of arterial spin-labeling in the prediction of tumor grade. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arterial spin-labeling perfusion of 54 children (mean age, 7.5 years; 33 boys and 21 girls) with treatment-naive brain tumors was retrospectively evaluated. The 3D pseudocontinuous spin-echo arterial spin-labeling technique was acquired at 3T MR imaging. Maximal relative tumor blood flow was obtained by use of the ROI method and was compared with tumor histologic features and grade. RESULTS Tumors consisted of astrocytic (20), embryonal (11), ependymal (3), mixed neuronal-glial (8), choroid plexus (5), craniopharyngioma (4), and other pathologic types (3). The maximal relative tumor blood flow of high-grade tumors (grades III and IV) was significantly higher than that of low-grade tumors (grades I and II) (P < .001). There was a wider relative tumor blood flow range among high-grade tumors (2.14 ± 1.78) compared with low-grade tumors (0.60 ± 0.29) (P < .001). Across the cohort, relative tumor blood flow did not distinguish individual histology; however, among posterior fossa tumors, relative tumor blood flow was significantly higher for medulloblastoma compared with pilocytic astrocytoma (P = .014). CONCLUSIONS Characteristic arterial spin-labeling perfusion patterns were seen among diverse pathologic types of brain tumors in children. Arterial spin-labeling perfusion can be used to distinguish high-grade and low-grade tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Yeom
- From the Departments of Radiology (K.W.Y., L.A.M., P.D.B.)
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33
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Abstract
Terminal airspaces of the lung, alveoli, are sites of gas exchange that are sensitive to disrupted fluid balance. The alveolar epithelium is a heterogeneous monolayer of cells interconnected by tight junctions at sites of cell-cell contact. Paracellular permeability depends on claudin (cldn)-family tight junction proteins. Of over a dozen alveolar cldns, cldn-3, cldn-4, and cldn-18 are the most highly expressed; other prominent alveolar claudins include cldn-5 and cldn-7. Cldn-3 is primarily expressed by type II alveolar epithelial cells, whereas cldn-4 and cldn-18 are expressed throughout the alveolar epithelium. Lung diseases associated with pulmonary edema, such as alcoholic lung syndrome and acute lung injury, affect alveolar claudin expression, which is frequently associated with impaired fluid clearance due to increased alveolar leak. However, recent studies have identified a role for increased cldn-4 in protecting alveolar barrier function following injury. Thus, alveolar claudins are dynamically regulated, tailoring lung barrier function to control the air-liquid interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Overgaard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Johnstone SR, Kroncke BM, Straub AC, Best AK, Dunn CA, Mitchell LA, Peskova Y, Nakamoto RK, Koval M, Lo CW, Lampe PD, Columbus L, Isakson BE. MAPK phosphorylation of connexin 43 promotes binding of cyclin E and smooth muscle cell proliferation. Circ Res 2012; 111:201-11. [PMID: 22652908 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.112.272302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) leading to a proliferative cell phenotype significantly contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation of proteins including connexin 43 (Cx43) has been associated with VSMC proliferation in atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether MAPK phosphorylation of Cx43 is directly involved in VSMC proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS We show in vivo that MAPK-phosphorylated Cx43 forms complexes with the cell cycle control proteins cyclin E and cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) in carotids of apolipoprotein-E receptor null (ApoE(-/-)) mice and in C57Bl/6 mice treated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF). We tested the involvement of Cx43 MAPK phosphorylation in vitro using constructs for full-length Cx43 (Cx43) or the Cx43 C-terminus (Cx43(CT)) and produced null phosphorylation Ser>Ala (Cx43(MK4A)/Cx43(CTMK4A)) and phospho-mimetic Ser>Asp (Cx43(MK4D)/Cx43(CTMK4D)) mutations. Coimmunoprecipitation studies in primary VSMC isolated from Cx43 wild-type (Cx43(+/+)) and Cx43 null (Cx43(-/-)) mice and analytic size exclusion studies of purified proteins identify that interactions between cyclin E and Cx43 requires Cx43 MAPK phosphorylation. We further demonstrate that Cx43 MAPK phosphorylation is required for PDGF-mediated VSMC proliferation. Finally, using a novel knock-in mouse containing Cx43-MK4A mutation, we show in vivo that interactions between Cx43 and cyclin E are lost and VSMC proliferation does not occur after treatment of carotids with PDGF and that neointima formation is significantly reduced in carotids after injury. CONCLUSIONS We identify MAPK-phosphorylated Cx43 as a novel interacting partner of cyclin E in VSMC and show that this interaction is critical for VSMC proliferation. This novel interaction may be important in the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott R Johnstone
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Overgaard C, Mitchell LA, Ward C, Guidot DM, Koval M. Increased claudin‐5 increases lung epithelial permeability and is associated with disruption of tight junction assembly. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1063.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Overgaard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
- Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology CenterAtlantaGA
| | - Leslie A. Mitchell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
- Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology CenterAtlantaGA
| | - Christina Ward
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
| | - David M. Guidot
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
- Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology CenterAtlantaGA
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care MedicineEmory UniversityAtlantaGA
- Emory Alcohol and Lung Biology CenterAtlantaGA
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Mitchell LA, Kitley CA, Armitage TL, Krasnokutsky MV, Rooks VJ. Normal sagittal and coronal suture widths by using CT imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1801-5. [PMID: 21920859 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Pediatric cranial sutures are often evaluated for abnormal diastasis upon presentation to the emergency department after trauma or during a neurologic consultation; however, few normative data for CT measurements exist. This study establishes normal means for the sagittal and coronal suture widths during the first year of life by using CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sagittal suture and bilateral coronal sutures were evaluated for 483 patients, ages 1 day to 395 days collected retrospectively from electronic medical records. Histograms as well as normality and boxplots were used to view the distribution of the data. An analysis of variance was performed for each suture measured by using month of age as the independent class variable. RESULTS The average proximal suture widths for the sagittal and coronal sutures at zero months of age were 5.0 ± 0.2 and 2.5 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. From zero to 1 month of age, these sutures narrowed significantly to 2.4 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.1 mm, respectively. From 1 to 12 months of age, sutures narrowed gradually. The proximal coronal suture widths showed a significant reduction from 1 month to 12 months (1.3 ± 0.1-0.8 ± 0.1 mm). CONCLUSIONS The normative values for suture widths established by CT scan among this large population may be used to assess the infant calvaria for suture diastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Mitchell
- Department of Radiology, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96589, USA.
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Abstract
Claudins are a family of nearly two dozen transmembrane proteins that are a key part of the tight junction barrier that regulates solute movement across polarized epithelia. Claudin family members interact with each other, as well as with other transmembrane tight junction proteins (such as occludin) and cytosolic scaffolding proteins (such as zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1)). Although the interplay between all of these different classes of proteins is critical for tight junction formation and function, claudin family proteins are directly responsible for forming the equivalent of paracellular ion selective channels (or pores) with specific permeability and thus are essential for barrier function. In this review, we summarize current progress in identifying structural elements of claudins that regulate their transport, assembly, and function. The effects of oxidant stress on claudins are also examined, with particular emphasis on lung epithelial barrier function and oxidant stress induced by chronic alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Overgaard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Mitchell LA, De Iuliis GN, Aitken RJ. The TUNEL assay consistently underestimates DNA damage in human spermatozoa and is influenced by DNA compaction and cell vitality: development of an improved methodology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 34:2-13. [PMID: 20158539 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2009.01042.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) assay as a method for assessing DNA damage in human spermatozoa. The conventional assay was shown to be insensitive and unresponsive to the DNA fragmentation induced in human and mouse spermatozoa on exposure to Fenton reagents (H₂O₂ and Fe(2+) ). However, both time- and dose-dependent responses could be readily detected if the chromatin was exposed to 2 mm dithiothreitol (DTT) for 45 min prior to fixation. This modified version of the assay significantly enhanced the TUNEL signals generated by subpopulations of spermatozoa isolated on discontinuous Percoll gradients as well as the responses triggered by reagents (arachidonic acid and menadione) that are known to stimulate superoxide anion production by human spermatozoa. DTT exposure also improved the signals detected with chromomycin A₃ (CMA₃), a probe designed to determine the efficacy of chromatin protamination, and enhanced the correlation observed between this criterion of sperm quality and the TUNEL assay. Finally, the output of the TUNEL assay was found to be highly correlated with sperm vitality. The TUNEL methodology was therefore further refined to incorporate a vital stain that covalently bound to intracellular amine groups in non-viable cells. This tag remained associated with the spermatozoa during fixation and processing for the TUNEL assay so that ultimately, both DNA integrity and vitality could be simultaneously assessed in the same flow cytometry assay. The methods described in this article are simple and robust and should facilitate research into the causes of DNA damage in human spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Mitchell
- The ARC Centre of Excellence in Biotechnology and Development, Reproductive Science Group, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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Mitchell LA, Overgaard CE, Ward C, Margulies SS, Koval M. Differential effects of claudin-3 and claudin-4 on alveolar epithelial barrier function. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2011; 301:L40-9. [PMID: 21515662 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00299.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar barrier function depends critically on the claudin family tight junction proteins. Of the major claudins expressed by alveolar epithelial cells, claudin (Cldn)-3 and Cldn-4 are the most closely related by amino acid homology, yet they differ dramatically in the pattern of expression. Previously published reports have shown that Cldn-3 is predominantly expressed by type II alveolar epithelial cells; Cldn-4 is expressed throughout the alveolar epithelium and is specifically upregulated in response to acute lung injury. Using primary rat alveolar epithelial cells transduced with yellow fluorescent protein-tagged claudin constructs, we have identified roles for Cldn-3 and Cldn-4 in alveolar epithelial barrier function. Surprisingly, increasing expression of Cldn-3 decreased alveolar epithelial barrier function, as assessed by transepithelial resistance and dye flux measurements. Conversely, increasing Cldn-4 expression improved alveolar epithelial transepithelial resistance compared with control cells. Other alveolar epithelial tight junction proteins were largely unaffected by increased expression of Cldn-3 and Cldn-4. Taken together, these results demonstrate that, in the context of the alveolar epithelium, Cldn-3 and Cldn-4 have different effects on paracellular permeability, despite significant homology in their extracellular loop domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Mitchell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Mitchell LA, Koval M. Specificity of interaction between clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and claudin-family tight junction proteins. Toxins (Basel) 2010; 2:1595-611. [PMID: 22069652 PMCID: PMC3153273 DOI: 10.3390/toxins2071595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Revised: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (CPE), a major cause of food poisoning, forms physical pores in the plasma membrane of intestinal epithelial cells. The ability of CPE to recognize the epithelium is due to the C-terminal binding domain, which binds to a specific motif on the second extracellular loop of tight junction proteins known as claudins. The interaction between claudins and CPE plays a key role in mediating CPE toxicity by facilitating pore formation and by promoting tight junction disassembly. Recently, the ability of CPE to distinguish between specific claudins has been used to develop tools for studying roles for claudins in epithelial barrier function. Moreover, the high affinity of CPE to selected claudins makes CPE a useful platform for targeted drug delivery to tumors expressing these claudins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A. Mitchell
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, 205 Whitehead Bldg, 615 Michael St. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, 205 Whitehead Bldg, 615 Michael St. Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-404-712-2976; Fax: +1-404-712-2974
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Abstract
Mammalian spermatozoa must undergo a post-ejaculatory period of maturation, known as capacitation, before they can engage in the process of fertilization. Studies in the mouse have established that capacitation facilitates sperm-zona recognition via mechanisms that involve the appearance of tyrosine phosphorylated chaperone proteins on the sperm surface overlying the acrosome, the site of sperm-zona recognition. In this study, we examined whether a similar relationship existed between the tyrosine phosphorylation events associated with capacitation and sperm-zona interaction in human spermatozoa. These studies confirmed that capacitation is associated with an increase in both sperm-zona binding and an increase in tyrosine phosphorylation over the sperm tail. However, we could not detect the surface expression of phosphotyrosine residues over the sperm head, as observed with murine spermatozoa. Moreover, although we could clearly detect a number of chaperone proteins in human spermatozoa including HSPE1, DNAJB1, HSPD1, HSPA1A, HSPCA, HSPH1, HSPA5 and TRA1, none of these molecules were expressed on the sperm surface. On the basis of these results, it is unlikely that these proteins play an active role in the remodeling of the sperm surface during capacitation. We conclude that strong species-specific differences exist in the molecular mechanisms that drive sperm-egg recognition and that alternative, chaperone-independent, mechanisms must underpin sperm-zona interaction in the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Mitchell
- Reproductive Science Group, Discipline of Biological Sciences, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine factors predictive of long-term seizure outcome in children with new-onset temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). METHODS A community-based cohort of 77 children with new-onset TLE, including 14 with possible TLE, were followed prospectively with formal review 7 and 14 years following seizure onset. Diagnoses were re-evaluated at each review, and changed when new clinical, EEG, or imaging data were compelling. RESULTS Sixty-four patients sustained the diagnosis of TLE over time; two were lost to follow-up. Age at follow-up was 12 to 29 years (median 20 years). Median follow-up was 13.7 years, 95% being followed for greater than 10 years. Nineteen patients were seizure free (SF) and off treatment, having not had seizures for 5 to 15 years. Duration of active TLE in the SF group was 1 to 8 years, the children being treated with 0 to 3 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Forty-three patients were not seizure free (NSF) and had ongoing seizures or had undergone epilepsy surgery. These children were treated with 1 to 10 AEDs. Fifteen NSF patients experienced 22 nonterminal seizure remissions of 1 to 7 years duration. Seventeen children had a significant antecedent to TLE. Lesions were identified on neuroimaging in 28 and included hippocampal sclerosis (HS) in 10, tumor in 8, and dysplasia in 7. All children with lesions on MRI were NSF (p < 0.001). Focal slowing on EEG was also associated with persistent seizures (p = 0.05), although this was correlated with a lesion on MRI. Infantile onset of epilepsy, family history of seizures, initial seizure frequency, antecedents, and early seizure remissions were not predictive of seizure outcome. CONCLUSION Seizures spontaneously remit in approximately one third of children with new-onset TLE. A lesion on MRI predicts intractable seizures in TLE and the potential need for epilepsy surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Spooner
- Children's Epilepsy Program, Department of Neurology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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Artieri CG, Mitchell LA, Ng SHS, Parisotto SE, Danzmann RG, Hoyheim B, Phillips RB, Morasch M, Koop BF, Davidson WS. Identification of the sex-determining locus of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) on chromosome 2. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 112:152-9. [PMID: 16276105 DOI: 10.1159/000087528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 04/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have integrated data from linkage mapping, physical mapping and karyotyping to gain a better understanding of the sex-determining locus, SEX, in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). SEX has been mapped to Atlantic salmon linkage group 1 (ASL1) and is associated with several microsatellite markers. We have used probes designed from the flanking regions of these sex-linked microsatellite markers to screen a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library, representing an 11.7x coverage of the Atlantic salmon genome, which has been HindIII fingerprinted and assembled into contigs. BACs containing sex-linked microsatellites and their related contigs have been identified and representative BACs have been placed on the Atlantic salmon chromosomes by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). This identified chromosome 2, a large metacentric, as the sex chromosome. By positioning several BACs on this chromosome by FISH, it was possible to orient ASL1 with respect to chromosome 2. The region containing SEX appears to lie on the long arm between marker Ssa202DU and a region of heterochromatin identified by DAPI staining. BAC end-sequencing of clones within sex-linked contigs revealed five hitherto unmapped genes along the sex chromosome. We are using an in silico approach coupled with physical probing of the BAC library to extend the BAC contigs to provide a physical map of ASL1, with a view to sequencing chromosome 2 and, in the process, identifying the sex-determining gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Artieri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Ng SHS, Artieri CG, Bosdet IE, Chiu R, Danzmann RG, Davidson WS, Ferguson MM, Fjell CD, Hoyheim B, Jones SJM, de Jong PJ, Koop BF, Krzywinski MI, Lubieniecki K, Marra MA, Mitchell LA, Mathewson C, Osoegawa K, Parisotto SE, Phillips RB, Rise ML, von Schalburg KR, Schein JE, Shin H, Siddiqui A, Thorsen J, Wye N, Yang G, Zhu B. A physical map of the genome of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Genomics 2006; 86:396-404. [PMID: 16026963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2005] [Revised: 05/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/02/2005] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A physical map of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) genome was generated based on HindIII fingerprints of a publicly available BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome) library constructed from DNA isolated from a Norwegian male. Approximately 11.5 haploid genome equivalents (185,938 clones) were successfully fingerprinted. Contigs were first assembled via FPC using high-stringency (1e-16), and then end-to-end joins yielded 4354 contigs and 37,285 singletons. The accuracy of the contig assembly was verified by hybridization and PCR analysis using genetic markers. A subset of the BACs in the library contained few or no HindIII recognition sites in their insert DNA. BglI digestion fragment patterns of these BACs allowed us to identify three classes: (1) BACs containing histone genes, (2) BACs containing rDNA-repeating units, and (3) those that do not have BglI recognition sites. End-sequence analysis of selected BACs representing these three classes confirmed the identification of the first two classes and suggested that the third class contained highly repetitive DNA corresponding to tRNAs and related sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siemon H S Ng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada V5A 1S6
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent and severity of mesial temporal and subcortical signal abnormalities in patients with partial epilepsy. METHODS T2 relaxation time maps were acquired in 50 consecutive patients and 55 control subjects on a 3 T MRI scanner. Twenty-two patients had hippocampal sclerosis (HS), 16 had malformations of cortical development (MCD), and 12 had no obvious MR abnormalities (normal MR). The following eight regions were measured bilaterally: hippocampus, anterior temporal lobe (ATL) white matter, amygdala, frontal lobe white matter, caudate, putamen, pallidum, and thalamus. RESULTS In patients with HS, increased T2 relaxation times were found in the ipsilateral hippocampus and ATL but not in subcortical nuclei. In patients with MCD, increased T2 relaxation times were found in the temporal lobe (hippocampus, ATL) and in subcortical areas (caudate, putamen, and pallidum); in patients with normal MR, increased T2 relaxation times were found in the hippocampus and putamen. The degree of abnormality did not correlate with the duration of epilepsy or the estimated seizure load. CONCLUSIONS Mesial temporal structures show increased T2 relaxation times not only in patients with hippocampal sclerosis but also in patients with a seizure focus remote from the hippocampus. Patients with normal MR and focal malformations of cortical development have increased T2 relaxation times in subcortical structures. Therefore, abnormalities in T2 relaxation time can be found remote from the seizure focus. They cannot be simply attributed to secondary seizure effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Briellmann
- Brain Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract
The authors describe three patients with refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) following an episode of hypertensive encephalopathy as their only identified antecedent event. All patients had typical MR features of hippocampal sclerosis (HS), and the two operated cases had typical HS histology and became seizure-free postoperatively. These cases suggest that hypertensive encephalopathy may be a rare form of initial precipitating injury, leading to TLE and HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Solinas
- Epilepsy Research Institute, University of Melbourne and Austin and Repatriation Medical Center, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Moran JH, Mitchell LA, Grant DF. Linoleic acid prevents chloride influx and cellular lysis in rabbit renal proximal tubules exposed to mitochondrial toxicants. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001; 176:153-61. [PMID: 11714247 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite many studies elucidating the mechanisms of necrotic cell death, the role of fatty acids released during necrosis remains to be determined. The goals of this study were to determine whether linoleic acid could protect rabbit renal proximal tubules (RPT) from necrotic cell death associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative injury and to determine the mechanisms involved. Exposure to antimycin A (10 microM) for 1 h or hypoxia (perfusion with 95% N(2)/5% CO(2)) for 1 or 2 h induced approximately 70% cellular lysis, as measured by lactate dehyrogenase release, versus 10% in controls. Preincubation with linoleic acid (100 microM) fully protected RPT from cellular lysis. RPT were also protected from lysis if linoleic acid was added 15 min after the addition of antimycin A. Measurements of free intracellular Ca(2+) concentrations showed that linoleic acid did not prevent the rise in intracellular Ca(2+) associated with a 30-min exposure to antimycin A. However, the influx of extracellular (36)Cl(-) following a 30-min exposure to antimycin A was ameliorated in the presence of linoleic acid. Linoleic acid did not prevent cellular lysis after exposure to hypoxia/reoxygenation (1 h/1 h) or t-butyl hydroperoxide (500 microM, 3 h). These data suggest that linoleic acid protects RPT during the late phase of cell death associated with inhibition of the electron transport chain but not oxidative injury. Several other fatty acids also protected RPT from lysis, and structure-activity relationship studies suggest that a free carboxyl terminus and at least one double bond are required for this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Moran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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Abstract
We report five cases of near-total absence of the cerebellum with accompanying pontine hypoplasia. The cerebellar remnant in each case comprised only antero-superior masses, the posterior fossa being otherwise fluid filled. Three of these patients, two teenagers and an infant, presented a fairly consistent clinical and neuroradiological phenotype, and a few similar cases are recorded in the literature. The cerebellar remnant was irregular and asymmetrical, and no ventral pontine prominence was discernible. In at least the older two, cerebellar motor functions were not greatly compromised, and intellectual handicap was of a mild degree. We propose that these cases represent a distinct entity of "near-total absence of the cerebellum with flat ventral pons, and relatively mild clinical affection". All cases have been sporadic, implying that the risk of recurrence within a family may be low. Quite different clinical pictures, of considerably greater severity, are demonstrated in the remaining two cases. One had pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2, while the other had a complex cerebellar and cerebral malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Gardner
- Victorian Clinical Genetics Services, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
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Moran JH, Mon T, Hendrickson TL, Mitchell LA, Grant DF. Defining mechanisms of toxicity for linoleic acid monoepoxides and diols in Sf-21 cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2001; 14:431-7. [PMID: 11304132 DOI: 10.1021/tx000200o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid monoepoxides have been correlated with many pathological conditions. Studies using insect cells derived from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf-21 cells) have suggested that conversion of the epoxides to the diols is required for toxicity. However, more recent studies using rabbit renal proximal tubules have suggested that linoleic acid monoepoxides are direct mitochondrial toxins. To better understand these discrepancies, we compared the toxicity of these linoleic acid metabolites in Sf-21 cells using mitochondrial respiration as an end point. Linoleic acid (100 microM) and 12,13-epoxy-9-octadecenoic acid (12,13-EOA, 100 microM) increased the rate of oligomycin-insensitive respiration by approximately 3.5- and 3-fold, respectively, decreased the rate of oligomycin-sensitive respiration by approximately 52 and 68%, respectively, and had no effect on the integrity of the electron transport chain. These effects were concentration-dependent, occurred within 1 min, and recovered to basal levels within 45 min. 12,13-Dihydroxy-9-octadecenoic acid (12,13-DHOA, 100 microM) had no effect on oligomycin-insensitive respiration but decreased the rate of oligomycin-sensitive respiration and uncoupled respiration in a concentration-dependent manner. Approximately 79 and 68% of oligomycin-sensitive respiration and uncoupled respiration was inhibited by 12,13-DHOA (100 microM), respectively. These effects occurred within 1 min and were not reversible in 6 h. Effects similar to those induced by 12,13-DHOA (100 microM) were observed using 12,13-EOA (100 microM) in Sf-21 cells expressing human soluble epoxide hydrolase. These data suggest that in this Sf-21 model linoleic acid and linoleic monoepoxides have transient uncoupling effects, whereas the primary mechanism of toxicity for linoleic acid diols in this model is inhibition of the electron transport chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Moran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Moran JH, Mitchell LA, Bradbury JA, Qu W, Zeldin DC, Schnellmann RG, Grant DF. Analysis of the cytotoxic properties of linoleic acid metabolites produced by renal and hepatic P450s. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2000; 168:268-79. [PMID: 11042099 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2000.9053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 epoxidation of linoleic acid produces biologically active metabolites which have been associated with many pathological conditions that often lead to acute renal failure. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of specific cytochrome P450s to produce linoleic acid monoepoxides. We then tested the cytotoxic properties of linoleic acid, linoleic acid monoepoxides, and corresponding diols in a rabbit renal proximal tubule model. CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2J2, CYP2J3, CYP2J5, and CYP2J9 metabolized linoleic acid at rates comparable to arachidonic acid and produced linoleic acid monoepoxides as major products. Cytotoxicity studies showed that linoleic acid, linoleic acid monoepoxides, and corresponding diols are toxic at pathologically relevant concentrations (100-500 microM). Concentration-dependent studies showed that linoleic acid and linoleic acid monoepoxides are the most toxic and induce mitochondrial dysfunction prior to cell death. Cytoprotectants known to block cell death associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress did not prevent cell death induced by linoleic acid and linoleic acid monoepoxides. This study shows that P450s in the CYP1 and CYP2 gene families metabolize linoleic acid to linoleic acid monoepoxides and that the monoepoxides, as well as linoleic acid, disrupt mitochondrial function without causing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Moran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USA
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