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West K, Spears K, Joyner B, Smith C, Jenkins NDM, Grosicki GJ, Siekirk NJ. The acute effect of passively assisted trunk stretching on central arterial stiffness and blood pressure in middle-aged to older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1683-1692. [PMID: 38217670 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05389-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the effects of acute trunk stretching on central arterial stiffness and central and peripheral blood pressure in middle-aged to older adults. METHODS Twenty-eight middle-aged to older adults (14M/14F, 72 ± 7 years, 28.5 ± 5.3 kg/m2) completed this randomized, controlled, crossover design trial. We measured carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) and central and peripheral blood pressures (BP) before and after a single bout of passively assisted trunk stretching (i.e., five rounds of six 30-s stretches) and a time-matched seated control visit (i.e., 30-min). Changes (Δ; post - pre) in cf-PWV and central and peripheral BP were compared between visits and sexes using separate linear mixed-effects models controlling for baseline values. RESULTS Compared with seated control, central (systolic: - 3 ± 7 mmHg; diastolic: - 2 ± 5 mmHg) and peripheral (systolic: - 2 ± 8 mmHg; diastolic: - 1 ± 4 mmHg) BP were reduced following acute trunk stretching (ps ≤ 0.001). Between-visit differences for ∆cf-PWV (stretch: 0.09 ± 0.61 m/s; control: 0.37 ± 0.68 m/s, p = 0.038) were abolished when controlling for change in mean arterial pressure (∆MAP) (p = 0.687). The main effects of sex were detected for changes in systolic BPs (ps ≤ 0.029); more males (n = 13) saw BP reductions than females (n = 7). CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate the superiority of acute trunk stretching over passive sitting of equated duration for BP in middle-aged to older adults, with an appreciable effect in males compared to females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylee West
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8076, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Kaelyn Spears
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Barry Joyner
- Center for Rehabilitation and Independent Living, Waters College of Health Professions, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Collin Smith
- Internal Medicine, East Georgia Regional Medical Center, Statesboro, GA, USA
| | - Nathaniel D M Jenkins
- Integrative Laboratory of Applied Physiology and Lifestyle Medicine, Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gregory J Grosicki
- Biodynamics and Human Performance Center, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Siekirk
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8076, Statesboro, GA, 30460, USA.
- Center for Rehabilitation and Independent Living, Waters College of Health Professions, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA.
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Santos V, Massuça LM, Angarten V, Melo X, Pinto R, Fernhall B, Santa-Clara H. Arterial Stiffness following Endurance and Resistance Exercise Sessions in Older Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14697. [PMID: 36429412 PMCID: PMC9690428 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Arterial stiffness (AS) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Acute endurance training decreases AS, whereas acute resistance training increases it. However, these results are from studies in apparently healthy adults, and there is no information on the effects of such afterload AS in elderly patients with CAD. We aimed to investigate the effect of acute endurance or resistance training on the time course of changes in the indices of AS in elderly patients with CAD in order to understand how stiffness responds after training. We tested 18 trained men with CAD. AS was measured using central and peripheral pulse wave velocity (PWV) after 15 min of rest and after 5, 15, and 30 min of endurance and resistance training sessions. The endurance session consisted of high-intensity interval walking at 85-90% of maximum heart rate, and the resistance session consisted of 70% of the maximum of one repetition. An interaction effect was found for central and peripheral PWV (p ≤ 0.001; carotid, η2 = 0.72; aortic, η2 = 0.90; femoral, η2 = 0.74), which was due to an increase in PWV after resistance and a decrease in central and peripheral PWV after endurance. This study demonstrates that training mode influences the time course of AS responses to acute exercise in these patients. Acute endurance training decreased AS, whereas resistance training significantly increased it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Santos
- CIPER, Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- KinesioLab, Research Unit in Human Movement Analysis, Instituto Piaget, 2805-059 Almada, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Massuça
- ICPOL Research Center, Higher Institute of Police Sciences and Internal Security, 1349-040 Lisbon, Portugal
- CIDEFES—Research Center in Sport, Physical Education, Exercise and Health, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vitor Angarten
- CIPER, Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Xavier Melo
- CIPER, Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
- Egas Moniz Interdisciplinary Research Center (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Rita Pinto
- Structural and Coronary Heart Disease Unit, Centro Cardiovascular da Universidade de Lisboa (CCUL@RISE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Bo Fernhall
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125-3393, USA
| | - Helena Santa-Clara
- CIPER, Exercise and Health Laboratory, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, 1649-004 Lisbon, Portugal
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Effects of acute sympathetic activation on the central artery stiffness after strenuous endurance exercise. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00941-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Augmented central arterial stiffness (CAS) increases cardiovascular risk. CAS can be augmented by physical exercise and sympathetic activation (SYMP) induced by stressful stimuli. Interestingly, sympathetic vasoconstriction triggered by a sympathetic stimulant is augmented immediately after a strenuous half-marathon compared to at rest. This study assessed whether CAS also augments more post- than pre-half-marathon in response to SYMP. Such assessment takes on relevance considering the growing popularity of strenuous, long-distance endurance exercises.
Methods
13 healthy recreational runners (age 46.1 ± 6.5 years; $$V^{\prime}{\text{O}}_{2} \max$$
V
′
O
2
max
54.23 ± 9.31 mlO2/min/kg) provided the following measurements prior to and within 10 min following a strenuous half-marathon: beat-by-beat aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV; index of CAS), mean blood pressure, and heart rate assessment. Measures were performed at rest and during a 2 min handgrip-mediated SYMP. The effects of the half-marathon and SYMP were assessed by two-way repeated-measures ANOVA.
Results
Measurements of the aPWV pre- and post-race were not significantly different (7.5 ± 0.8 vs 7.8 ± 0.8 m/s, p = 0.34; pre- vs post-race). 2 min of SYMP increased the baseline aPWV post-race (7.8 ± 0.8 vs 8.4 ± 0.8, p = 0.003; rest vs SYMP) but not pre-race (7.5 ± 0.8 vs 7.9 ± 0.9, p = 0.21).
Conclusion
The baseline aPWV assessed 7 to 8 min after a strenuous half-marathon is similar to that pre-race in healthy runners. This agrees with previous studies suggesting CAS being at or below resting values > 5 min following completion of aerobic exercises. The same sympathetic stressor augments CAS to a greater extent 8–10 min post-race than pre-race, suggesting a greater post-exercise stiffening of central artery segments triggered by the same task.
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Tai CC, Chen YL, Kalfirt L, Masodsai K, Su CT, Yang AL. Differences between Elite Male and Female Badminton Athletes Regarding Heart Rate Variability, Arterial Stiffness, and Aerobic Capacity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063206. [PMID: 35328902 PMCID: PMC8956041 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular health and aerobic capacity play crucial roles in determining the performance of athletes in the highly competitive sport of badminton. Few studies have directly compared heart rate variability (HRV), arterial stiffness, and aerobic capacity between male and female athletes, especially among badminton athletes. This study investigated sex differences in HRV, arterial stiffness, and aerobic capacity in badminton athletes. Elite badminton athletes were recruited and divided into male (n = 20, 21.0 ± 1.8 years old) and female (n = 16, 21.2 ± 2.3 years old) groups. Both groups performed an incremental treadmill running test for the evaluation of maximal oxygen consumption (V.O2max), anaerobic threshold, and time to exhaustion. They started exercising at a treadmill speed of 2.7 km/h and an inclination of 10% gradient for 3 min, and the speed and inclination were gradually increased every 3 min until they were exhausted or fatigued volitionally. HRV was examined using the Polar heart rate monitor over a period of 5 min at rest in the supine position. Subsequently, the index of arterial stiffness was examined under the same condition. Our results revealed significant differences between the male and female athletes in V.O2max (men: 60.38 ± 8.98 mL/kg/min, women: 48.13 ± 7.72 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05), anaerobic threshold (men: 41.50 ± 7.26 mL/kg/min, women: 32.51 ± 6.19 mL/kg/min, p < 0.05), time to exhaustion (men: 902.15 ± 120.15 s, women: 780.56 ± 67.63 s, p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (men: 125.27 ± 7.76 mmHg, women: 107.16 ± 11.09 mmHg, p < 0.05), and arterial stiffness index (men: 63.56 ± 12.55, women: 53.83 ± 8.03, p < 0.05). However, no significant differences in HRV measures were observed between the two groups. These findings suggested that the male badminton athletes demonstrated significantly higher aerobic capacity than did the female athletes, but there were no significant differences in HRV measures. The female athletes exhibited superior arterial function, compared with their male counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chieh Tai
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Yi-Liang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Sports Training, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan; (C.-C.T.); (Y.-L.C.)
| | - Ludek Kalfirt
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan;
| | - Kunanya Masodsai
- Faculty of Sports Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Chia-Ting Su
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - Ai-Lun Yang
- Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei 11153, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-228-718-288 (ext. 5815)
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Effects of cycling bouts performed with different intensities and amounts of energy expended on central pressure and pulse wave reflection in normotensive and hypertensive men. Blood Press Monit 2021; 26:183-190. [PMID: 33470648 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated pulse wave analysis in normotensive and hypertensive men after cycling bouts with different intensities and amounts of energy expended. METHODS Twenty-four men were assigned into normotensive (n = 14; age: 40.7 ± 2.8 years; 24-h ambulatory SBP/DBP:121 ± 2/74 ± 1 mmHg) and hypertensive (n = 10; age: 39.2 ± 2.3 years; 24-h ambulatory SBP/DBP:139 ± 3/86 ± 2 mmHg) groups. Participants undertook a maximal cardiopulmonary exercise test, a nonexercise control session (CTL) and three cycling bouts [two prolonged bouts expending 300 kcal at 50% (i.e. P-MOD) and 70% (i.e. P-VIG) oxygen uptake reserve (VO2R) and one short bout expending 150 kcal at 50% VO2R (i.e. S-MOD)] performed in a randomized order. Central SBP (cSBP), pulse pressure (cPP), augmentation pressure, augmentation index (AIx), heart rate (HR) and AIx adjusted for HR (AIx@75) were determined 10 min before, and 30- and 70-min postintervention. RESULTS Compared to CTL, only the P-VIG changed the cSBP [70-min (Δ -11.7 mmHg)], cPP [70-min (Δ:-7.4 mmHg)], augmentation pressure [30-min (Δ:-5.7 mmHg); 70-min (Δ:-7.3 mmHg)], AIx [30-min (Δ:-15.3 %); 70-min (Δ:-16.4 %)], AIx@75 [30-min (Δ:-12.8 %); 70-min (Δ:-13.9 %)] and HR [70-min (Δ: 9.9 bpm)] in the hypertensive group. However, all exercise bouts mitigated the increased cSBP responses post-CTL in the hypertensive group. CONCLUSION The present study provides evidence that vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise reduces acute central pressure and pulse wave reflection in hypertensive men.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased physical activity has been recommended as an important lifestyle modification for the prevention and control of hypertension. Walking is a low-cost form of physical activity and one which most people can do. Studies testing the effect of walking on blood pressure have revealed inconsistent findings. OBJECTIVES To determine the effect of walking as a physical activity intervention on blood pressure and heart rate. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases up to March 2020: the Cochrane Hypertension Specialised Register, CENTRAL (2020, Issue 2), Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and ClinicalTrials.gov. We also searched the following Chinese databases up to May 2020: Index to Taiwan Periodical Literature System; National Digital Library of Theses and Dissertation in Taiwan; China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) Journals, Theses & Dissertations; and Wanfang Medical Online. We contacted authors of relevant papers regarding further published and unpublished work. The searches had no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of participants, aged 16 years and over, which evaluated the effects of a walking intervention compared to non-intervention control on blood pressure and heart rate were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Where data were not available in the published reports, we contacted authors. Pooled results for blood pressure and heart rate were presented as mean differences (MDs) between groups with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We undertook subgroup analyses for age and sex. We undertook sensitivity analyses to assess the effect of sample size on our findings. MAIN RESULTS A total of 73 trials met our inclusion criteria. These 73 trials included 5763 participants and were undertaken in 22 countries. Participants were aged from 16 to 84 years and there were approximately 1.5 times as many females as males. The characteristics of walking interventions in the included studies were as follows: the majority of walking interventions was at home/community (n = 50) but supervised (n = 36 out of 47 reported the information of supervision); the average intervention length was 15 weeks, average walking time per week was 153 minutes and the majority of walking intensity was moderate. Many studies were at risk of selection bias and performance bias. Primary outcome We found moderate-certainty evidence suggesting that walking reduces systolic blood pressure (SBP) (MD -4.11 mmHg, 95% CI -5.22 to -3.01; 73 studies, n = 5060). We found moderate-certainty evidence suggesting that walking reduces SBP in participants aged 40 years and under (MD -4.41 mmHg, 95% CI -6.17 to -2.65; 14 studies, n = 491), and low-certainty evidence that walking reduces SBP in participants aged 41 to 60 years (MD -3.79 mmHg, 95% CI -5.64 to -1.94, P < 0.001; 35 studies, n = 1959), and those aged 60 years of over (MD -4.30 mmHg, 95% CI -6.17 to -2.44, 24 studies, n = 2610). We also found low certainty-evidence suggesting that walking reduces SBP in both females (MD -5.65 mmHg, 95% CI -7.89 to -3.41; 22 studies, n = 1149) and males (MD -4.64 mmHg, 95% CI -8.69 to -0.59; 6 studies, n = 203). Secondary outcomes We found low-certainty evidence suggesting that walking reduces diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD -1.79 mmHg, 95% CI -2.51 to -1.07; 69 studies, n = 4711) and heart rate (MD -2.76 beats per minute (bpm), 95% CI -4.57 to -0.95; 26 studies, n = 1747). We found moderate-certainty evidence suggesting that walking reduces DBP for participants aged 40 years and under (MD -3.01 mmHg, 95% CI -4.44 to -1.58; 14 studies, n = 491) and low-certainty evidence suggesting that walking reduces DBP for participants aged 41 to 60 years (MD -1.74 mmHg, 95% CI -2.95 to -0.52; 32 studies, n = 1730) and those aged 60 years and over (MD -1.33 mmHg, 95% CI -2.40 to -0.26; 23 studies, n = 2490). We found moderate-certainty evidence that suggests walking reduces DBP for males (MD -2.54 mmHg, 95% CI -4.84 to -0.24; 6 studies, n = 203) and low-certainty evidence that walking reduces DBP for females (MD -2.69 mmHg, 95% CI -4.16 to -1.23; 20 studies, n = 1000). Only 21 included studies reported adverse events. Of these 21 studies, 16 reported no adverse events, the remaining five studies reported eight adverse events, with knee injury being reported five times. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Moderate-certainty evidence suggests that walking probably reduces SBP. Moderate- or low-certainty evidence suggests that walking may reduce SBP for all ages and both sexes. Low-certainty evidence suggests that walking may reduce DBP and heart rate. Moderate- and low-certainty evidence suggests walking may reduce DBP and heart rate for all ages and both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Lee
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien City, Hualien County, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | - Michael C Watson
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Hui-Hsin Lin
- Medical Affairs Division, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
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Beltrami FG, Mzee D, Spengler CM. No Evidence That Hyperpnea-Based Respiratory Muscle Training Affects Indexes of Cardiovascular Health in Young Healthy Adults. Front Physiol 2020; 11:530218. [PMID: 33391004 PMCID: PMC7773763 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.530218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The chronic effects of respiratory muscle training (RMT) on the cardiovascular system remain unclear. This investigation tested to which degree a single sessions of RMT with or without added vibration, which could enhance peripheral blood flow and vascular response, or a 4-week RMT program could result in changes in pulse wave velocity (PWV), blood pressure (systolic, SBP; diastolic, DBP) and other markers of cardiovascular health. Methods Sixteen young and healthy participants (8 m/8f) performed 15 min of either continuous normocapnic hyperpnea (RMET), sprint-interval-type hyperpnea (RMSIT) or a control session (quiet sitting). Sessions were performed once with and once without passive vibration of the lower limbs. To assess training-induced adaptations, thirty-four young and healthy participants (17 m/17f) were measured before and after 4 weeks (three weekly sessions) of RMET (n = 13, 30-min sessions of normocapnic hyperpnea), RMSIT [n = 11, 6 × 1 min (1 min break) normocapnic hyperpnea with added resistance] or placebo (n = 10). Results SBP was elevated from baseline at 5 min after each RMT session, but returned to baseline levels after 15 min, whereas DBP was unchanged from baseline following RMT. Carotid-femoral PWV (PWVCF) was elevated at 5 and 15 min after RMT compared to baseline (main effect of time, P = 0.001), whereas no changes were seen for carotid-radial PWV (PWVCR) or the PWVCF/PWVCR ratio. Vibration had no effects in any of the interventions. Following the 4-week training period, no differences from the placebo group were seen for SBP (P = 0.686), DBP (P = 0.233), PWVCF (P = 0.844), PWVCR (P = 0.815) or the PWVCF/PWVCR ratio (P = 0.389). Discussion/Conclusion Although 15 min of RMT sessions elicited transient increases in PWVCF and SBP, no changes were detected following 4 weeks of either RMET or RMSIT. Adding passive vibration of the lower limbs during RMT sessions did not provide additional value to the session with regards to vascular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando G Beltrami
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Mzee
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christina M Spengler
- Exercise Physiology Lab, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Pierce DR, Doma K, Raiff H, Golledge J, Leicht AS. Influence of Exercise Mode on Post-exercise Arterial Stiffness and Pressure Wave Measures in Healthy Adult Males. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1468. [PMID: 30459633 PMCID: PMC6232940 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise mode has been reported to be an important determinant of arterial stiffness and wave reflection changes following a brief bout of exercise with inconsistent results to date. This study examined the impact of exercise mode on arterial stiffness and pressure wave measures following acute aerobic exercise (AER), resistance exercise (RES), and a control (CON) condition with no exercise. Methods: In a randomized, cross-over, repeated measures design, 21 healthy adult males (26.7 ± 7.2 years) undertook three experimental intervention sessions: AER (30-min cycle ergometry at 70-75% maximum heart rate), RES (3 × 10 repetitions of six upper and lower body exercises at 80-90% of 10-repetition maximum) and CON (30-min seated rest). Measures of arterial stiffness and pressure waves, such as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), augmentation index (AIx), AIx corrected for heart rate of 75 (AIx75), and forward wave (Pf), backward wave (Pb) and reflection magnitude, were assessed at Rest and at 10-min intervals for 60 min after the intervention sessions. Comparisons between interventions and over time were assessed via repeated measures ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey's tests. Results: No significant differences in cf-PWV were noted between the three interventions at rest or post-intervention. However, RES led to significantly greater post-intervention AIx, AIx75, Pf, and Pb compared to AER and CON with AIx75 also remaining significantly elevated throughout the post-intervention period. In contrast, AER resulted in a brief, significant elevation of AIx75 and no change in cf-PWV, Pf, Pb, and reflection magnitude. Conclusions: Exercise mode, specifically RES and AER, significantly influenced the time course of pressure wave reflection responses following a brief bout of exercise in healthy adult males. Distinct adjustments during exercise including changes in blood pressure and vasomotor tone may be key modulators of post-exercise arterial function. Identification of modal differences may assist in understanding the impact of exercise on cardiovascular function and the mechanisms by which exercise benefits vascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris R Pierce
- Sport & Exercise Science, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenji Doma
- Sport & Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Hayleigh Raiff
- Department of Health and Sport Science, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Anthony S Leicht
- Sport & Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Deiseroth A, Nussbaumer M, Drexel V, Hertel G, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Vlachopoulos C, Halle M, Hanssen H. Influence of body composition and physical fitness on arterial stiffness after marathon running. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:2651-2658. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Deiseroth
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Monique Nussbaumer
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Verena Drexel
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | - Gernot Hertel
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
| | | | - Charalambos Vlachopoulos
- Peripheral Vessels Unit; 1st Department of Cardiology; Athens Medical School; Hippokration Hospital; Athens Greece
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technische Universität München; Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); Partner site Munich Heart Alliance; Munich Germany
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
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Acute effects of lower and upper body-resistance training on arterial stiffness, peripheral, and central blood pressure in young normotensive women. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-018-0440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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A systematic review on the effect of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness reveals a differential response in the upper and lower arterial segments. Hypertens Res 2016; 40:146-172. [PMID: 27733765 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2016.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review was to provide insight into the controversy that still abounds as to the impact of acute aerobic exercise on immediate changes in arterial stiffness. Electronic databases were searched to identify articles assessing the effects of acute aerobic exercise on parameters of arterial stiffness. Eligible studies included arterial stiffness measurements before and after acute aerobic exercise in healthy human subjects. Forty-three studies were included. The effect of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness was found to be dependent on the anatomical segment assessed, and on the timing of the measurement post-exercise. Arterial stiffness of the central and upper body peripheral arterial segments was found to be increased relative to resting values immediately post-exercise (0-5 min), whereas, thereafter (>5 min), decreased to a level at or below resting values. In the lower limbs, proximal to the primary working muscles, arterial stiffness decreased immediately post-exercise (0-5 min), which persisted into the recovery period post-exercise (>5 min). This systematic review reveals a differential response to acute exercise in the lower and upper/central arterial segments in healthy adult subjects. We further showed that the effect of acute aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness is dependent on the timing of the measurements post-exercise. Therefore, when assessing the overall impact of exercise on arterial stiffness, it is important to consider the arterial segment being analyzed and measurement time point, as failure to contextualize the measurement can lead to conflicting results and misleading clinical inferences.
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Müller J, Wilms M, Oberhoffer R. Acute Effects of Submaximal Endurance Training on Arterial Stiffness in Healthy Middle- and Long-Distance Runners. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2015; 17:371-4. [DOI: 10.1111/jch.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Müller
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics; Technische Universität München; München Germany
| | - Michael Wilms
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics; Technische Universität München; München Germany
| | - Renate Oberhoffer
- Institute of Preventive Pediatrics; Technische Universität München; München Germany
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