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Liu Q, Su H, Hong C, Han J, Chen X, Tang X. Toxic epidermal necrolysis complicated with primary cutaneous aspergillosis: A report of four cases. J Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38605474 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous aspergillosis (PCA) is a rare opportunistic infection caused by Aspergillus that can be life-threatening. PCA is mainly reported in immunocompromised hosts such as patients with AIDS, those with hematologic malignancy, or infants with occlusive dressings. However, no study has previously reported PCA associated with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). This study reports four cases of TEN complicated with PCA, presenting with discrete gray or black spots over newly formed epithelia. Risk factors of PCA in patients with TEN include host factors, iatrogenic factors, indoor environment, and wound care. Two of the four cases eventually died, highlighting the importance of further exploring PCA in patients with TEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huilin Su
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunli Hong
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiande Han
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhua Tang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Qiu Y, Zhou Y, Chang Y, Liang X, Zhang H, Lin X, Qing K, Zhou X, Luo Z. The Effects of Ventilation, Humidity, and Temperature on Bacterial Growth and Bacterial Genera Distribution. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192215345. [PMID: 36430064 PMCID: PMC9691097 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192215345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria are readily nourished in airtight environments with high humidity, such as storage cabinets, clothing closets, and corners, where ventilation is normally low and humidity is high. OBJECTIVES We characterized the role of humidity and ventilation in bacterial growth and genus distribution at different temperatures (26 °C and 34 °C). METHODS Fresh pork, which was used as the substrate for bacterial culture, was placed in storage cabinets. Bacterial growth and genera distribution on the surface of pork placed in a storage cabinet under different temperatures (26 °C and 34 °C); relative humidity levels (RH: 50%, 70%, 90%); and ventilation conditions (no ventilation and low, medium, and high levels of ventilation) were assessed by rDNA sequencing. RESULTS Increased ventilation and reduced humidity significantly decreased bacterial growth at 26 °C and 34 °C. The contribution of increased ventilation to the reduction in bacterial growth exceeded that of decreased humidity. Ventilation had the greatest effect on reducing bacterial growth compared to the unventilated conditions at 70% RH. At 34 °C, medium and high levels of ventilation were required to reduce bacterial growth. High temperatures greatly increased bacterial growth, but ventilation could reduce the degree of this increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Qiu
- Department of Physiology, The School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, The School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yanfen Chang
- Department of Physiology, The School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Department of Physiology, The School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Center for the Built Environment, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 2506, USA
| | - Xiaorui Lin
- China Vanke Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000, China
| | - Ke Qing
- China Vanke Co., Ltd., Changsha 410000, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Ziqiang Luo
- Department of Physiology, The School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha 410000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
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Li X, Liu D, Yao J. Aerosolization of fungal spores in indoor environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 820:153003. [PMID: 35031366 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fungi in indoor environments can cause adverse health effects through inhalation and epidermal exposure. The risk of fungal exposure originates from the aerosolization of fungal spores. However, spore aerosolization is still not well understood. This paper provides a review of indoor fungal contamination, especially the aerosolization of fungal spores. We attempted to summarize what is known today and to identify what more information is needed to predict the aerosolization of fungal spores. This paper first reviews fungal contamination in indoor environments and HVAC systems. The detachment of fungal spores from colonies and the spore aerosolization principle are then summarized. Based on the above discussion, prediction methods for spore aerosolization are discussed. This review further clarifies the current situation and future efforts required to accurately predict spore aerosolization. This information is useful for forecasting and controlling the aerosolization of fungal spores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Jian Yao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
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Unveiling hidden energy poverty using the energy equity gap. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2456. [PMID: 35508551 PMCID: PMC9068781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Income-based energy poverty metrics ignore people’s behavior patterns, particularly reducing energy consumption to limit financial stress. We investigate energy-limiting behavior in low-income households using a residential electricity consumption dataset. We first determine the outdoor temperature at which households start using cooling systems, the inflection temperature. Our relative energy poverty metric, the energy equity gap, is defined as the difference in the inflection temperatures between low and high-income groups. In our study region, we estimate the energy equity gap to be between 4.7–7.5 °F (2.6–4.2 °C). Within a sample of 4577 households, we found 86 energy-poor and 214 energy-insecure households. In contrast, the income-based energy poverty metric, energy burden (10% threshold), identified 141 households as energy-insecure. Only three households overlap between our energy equity gap and the income-based measure. Thus, the energy equity gap reveals a hidden but complementary aspect of energy poverty and insecurity. In the summer, low-income households in the Arizona, US wait 4 - 7 °F (2.6–4.2 °C) longer than high-income households to turn on their AC units to save money on energy bills. This energy limiting behavior indicates a hidden form of energy poverty.
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The Importance of Nitric Oxide as the Molecular Basis of the Hydrogen Gas Fumigation-Induced Alleviation of Cd Stress on Ganoderma lucidum. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 8:jof8010010. [PMID: 35049950 PMCID: PMC8780922 DOI: 10.3390/jof8010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether or not hydrogen gas (H2) can reduce cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Ganoderma lucidum has remained largely unknown. Here, we report that Cd-induced growth inhibition in G. lucidum was significantly alleviated by H2 fumigation or hydrogen-rich water (HRW), evaluated by lower oxidative damage and Cd accumulation. Moreover, the amelioration effects of H2 fumigation were better than of HRW in an optimum concentration of H2 under our experimental conditions. Further results showed that H2-alleviated growth inhibition in G. lucidum was accompanied by increased nitric oxide (NO) level and nitrate reductase (NR) activity under Cd stress. On the other hand, the mitigation effects were reversed after removing endogenous NO with its scavenger cPTIO or inhibiting H2-induced NR activity with sodium tungstate. The role of NO in H2-alleviated growth inhibition under Cd stress was proved to be achieved through a restoration of redox balance, an increase in cysteine and proline contents, and a reduction in Cd accumulation. In summary, these results clearly revealed that NR-dependent NO might be involved in the H2-alleviated Cd toxicity in G. lucidum through rebuilding redox homeostasis, increasing cysteine and proline levels, and reducing Cd accumulation. These findings may open a new window for H2 application in Cd-stressed economically important fungi.
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Spatial and temporal differences in the community structure of endophytic fungi in the carnivorous plant Pinguicula moranensis (Lentibulariaceae). FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Qu ZL, Santalahti M, Köster K, Berninger F, Pumpanen J, Heinonsalo J, Sun H. Soil Fungal Community Structure in Boreal Pine Forests: From Southern to Subarctic Areas of Finland. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:653896. [PMID: 34122368 PMCID: PMC8188478 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.653896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The boreal forest environment plays an important role in the global C cycle due to its high carbon storage capacity. However, relatively little is known about the forest fungal community at a regional scale in boreal forests. In the present study, we have re-analyzed the data from our previous studies and highlighted the core fungal community composition and potential functional groups in three forests dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Finland, and identified the fungal generalists that appear across geographic locations despite differences in local conditions. The three forests represent subarctic, northern and southern boreal forest, and are all in an un-managed state without human interference or management. The subarctic and northern areas are subject to reindeer grazing. The results showed that the three locations formed distinct fungal community structures (P < 0.05). Compared to the two northern locations, the southern boreal forest harbored a greater abundance of Zygomycota, Lactarius, Mortierella Umbelopsis, and Tylospora, in which aspect there were no differences between the two northern forests. Cortinarius, Piloderma, and Suillus were the core fungal genera in the boreal Scots pine forest. Functionally, the southern boreal forest harbored a greater abundance of saprotroph, endophytes and fungal parasite-lichen, whereas a greater abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi was observed in the northern boreal forests. Moreover, the pathotroph and wood saprotrophs were commonly present in these three regions. The three locations formed two distinct fungal community functional structures, by which the southern forest was clearly separated from the two northern forests, suggesting a distance–decay relationship via geographic location. This study provides useful information for better understanding the common fungal communities and functions in boreal forests in different geographical locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Lei Qu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minna Santalahti
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kajar Köster
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Pan Q, Zhang S, Li R, He Y, Wang Y. A low-cost and reusable photothermal membrane for solar-light induced anti-bacterial regulation. J Mater Chem B 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9tb00260j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a simple, low-cost, and applicable strategy for preparing membranes which allow photothermal conversion and have excellent anti-bacterial ability is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhao Pan
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- China
| | - Ruiting Li
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- China
| | - Yonglin He
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Renmin University of China
- Beijing 100872
- China
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Lv Y, Hu G, Wang C, Yuan W, Wei S, Gao J, Wang B, Song F. Actual measurement, hygrothermal response experiment and growth prediction analysis of microbial contamination of central air conditioning system in Dalian, China. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44190. [PMID: 28367963 PMCID: PMC5377260 DOI: 10.1038/srep44190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial contamination of central air conditioning system is one of the important factors that affect the indoor air quality. Actual measurement and analysis were carried out on microbial contamination in central air conditioning system at a venue in Dalian, China. Illumina miseq method was used and three fungal samples of two units were analysed by high throughput sequencing. Results showed that the predominant fungus in air conditioning unit A and B were Candida spp. and Cladosporium spp., and two fungus were further used in the hygrothermal response experiment. Based on the data of Cladosporium in hygrothermal response experiment, this paper used the logistic equation and the Gompertz equation to fit the growth predictive model of Cladosporium genera in different temperature and relative humidity conditions, and the square root model was fitted based on the two environmental factors. In addition, the models were carried on the analysis to verify the accuracy and feasibility of the established model equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lv
- School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Guangyao Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Wenjie Yuan
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Shanshan Wei
- School of Civil Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaoqi Gao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Boyuan Wang
- China Academy of Building Research, Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Song
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, United States
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Kim BR, Kim DH, Kim YD. Superhydrophobic, flexible and gas-permeable membrane prepared by a simple one-step vapor deposition. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-016-0017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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