1
|
Liao YCZ, Pu HX, Jiao ZW, Palviainen M, Zhou X, Heinonsalo J, Berninger F, Pumpanen J, Köster K, Sun H. Enhancing boreal forest resilience: A four-year impact of biochar on soil quality and fungal communities. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127696. [PMID: 38518453 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Boreal forests commonly suffer from nutrient deficiency due to restricted biological activity and decomposition. Biochar has been used as a promising strategy to improve soil quality, yet its impacts on forest soil microbes, particularly in cold environment, remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of biochar, produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (500 °C and 650 °C) and applied at different amounts (0.5 kg·m-2 and 1.0 kg·m-2), on soil property, soil enzyme activity, and fungal community dynamics in a boreal forest over a span of two to four years. Our results showed that, four-year post-application of biochar produced at 650 °C and applied at 1.0 kg·m-2, significantly increased the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota and enhanced fungal species richness, α-diversity and evenness compared to the control (CK) (P < 0.05). Notably, the abundance of Phialocephala fortinii increased with the application of biochar produced at 500 °C and applied at 0.5 kg·m-2, exhibiting a positively correlation with the carbon cycling-related enzyme β-cellobiosidase. Functionally, distinct fungal gene structures were formed between different biochar pyrolysis temperatures, and between application amounts in four-year post-biochar application (P < 0.05). Additionally, correlation analyses revealed the significance of the duration post-biochar application on the soil properties, soil extracellular enzymes, soil fungal dominant phyla, fungal community and gene structures (P < 0.01). The interaction between biochar pyrolysis temperature and application amount significantly influenced fungal α-diversity (P < 0.01). Overall, these findings provide theoretical insights and practical application for biochar as soil amendment in boreal forest ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chun-Zi Liao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hong-Xiu Pu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zi-Wen Jiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Marjo Palviainen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P. O. Box 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P. O. Box 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Kajar Köster
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland
| | - Hui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P. O. Box 27, Helsinki 00014, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peris-Llopis M, Mola-Yudego B, Berninger F, Garcia-Gonzalo J, González-Olabarria JR. Impact of species composition on fire-induced stand damage in Spanish forests. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8594. [PMID: 38615154 PMCID: PMC11016083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59210-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Mixed forests play a fundamental ecological role increasing biodiversity and providing ecosystem services; it has been suggested they have higher resilience and resistance against disturbances, particularly fire. Here, we compare tree mortality in post-fire mixed and pure stands in Spain, on 2,782 plots and 30,239 trees during the period 1986 to 2007. We show evidence that mixed stands can have higher post-fire mortality than pure stands, and specific mixtures of species with different fire-related strategies increase the stand's vulnerability to fire damage versus pure stands of either species, such is the case of Pinus halepensis-Pinus nigra mixtures. Mixtures of two species often had higher mortality than species growing in pure stands. Combinations of species with different fire-related strategies can both enhance or reduce forest resistance. The role and management of mixed forests should be reconsidered after these findings, in order to enhance forest resilience to fires.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Peris-Llopis
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, PO Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Blas Mola-Yudego
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, PO Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PL 1627, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jordi Garcia-Gonzalo
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Ctra de St. Llorenç de Morunys, Km 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen L, Keski-Saari S, Kontunen-Soppela S, Zhu X, Zhou X, Hänninen H, Pumpanen J, Mola-Yudego B, Wu D, Berninger F. Immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost and growing season drought on forest gross primary productivity capacity in the Northern Hemisphere. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:3924-3940. [PMID: 37165918 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Forests are increasingly exposed to extreme global warming-induced climatic events. However, the immediate and carry-over effects of extreme events on forests are still poorly understood. Gross primary productivity (GPP) capacity is regarded as a good proxy of the ecosystem's functional stability, reflecting its physiological response to its surroundings. Using eddy covariance data from 34 forest sites in the Northern Hemisphere, we analyzed the immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost (LSF) and growing season drought on needle-leaf and broadleaf forests. Path analysis was applied to reveal the plausible reasons behind the varied responses of forests to extreme events. The results show that LSF had clear immediate effects on the GPP capacity of both needle-leaf and broadleaf forests. However, GPP capacity in needle-leaf forests was more sensitive to drought than in broadleaf forests. There was no interaction between LSF and drought in either needle-leaf or broadleaf forests. Drought effects were still visible when LSF and drought coexisted in needle-leaf forests. Path analysis further showed that the response of GPP capacity to drought differed between needle-leaf and broadleaf forests, mainly due to the difference in the sensitivity of canopy conductance. Moreover, LSF had a more severe and long-lasting carry-over effect on forests than drought. These results enrich our understanding of the mechanisms of forest response to extreme events across forest types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sarita Keski-Saari
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sari Kontunen-Soppela
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xudan Zhu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Heikki Hänninen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Blas Mola-Yudego
- School of Forest Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye C, Zeng Q, Hu K, Fang D, Hölscher D, Du H, Shi Y, Zhou Y, Berninger F, Mei T, Zhou G. Partitioning of respired CO 2 in newly sprouted Moso bamboo culms. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1154232. [PMID: 37152132 PMCID: PMC10158728 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1154232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Stem respiration (R s) plays a vital role in ecosystem carbon cycling. However, the measured efflux on the stem surface (E s) is not always in situ R s but only part of it. A previously proposed mass balance framework (MBF) attempted to explore the multiple partitioning pathways of R s, including sap-flow-transported and internal storage of R s, in addition to E s. This study proposed stem photosynthesis as an additional partitioning pathway to the MBF. Correspondingly, a double-chamber apparatus was designed and applied on newly sprouted Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) in leafless and leaved stages. R s of newly sprouted bamboo were twice as high in the leafless stage (7.41 ± 2.66 μmol m-2 s-1) than in the leaved stage (3.47 ± 2.43 μmol m-2 s-1). E s accounted for ~80% of R s, while sap flow may take away ~2% of R s in both leafless and leaved stages. Culm photosynthesis accounted for ~9% and 13% of R s, respectively. Carbon sequestration from culm photosynthesis accounted for approximately 2% of the aboveground bamboo biomass in the leafless stage. High culm photosynthesis but low sap flow during the leafless stage and vice versa during the leaved stage make bamboo an outstanding choice for exploring the MBF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiangfa Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keda Hu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongming Fang
- Jiyang College, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Huaqiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Tingting Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tingting Mei, ; Guomo Zhou,
| | - Guomo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Tingting Mei, ; Guomo Zhou,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ma Q, Hänninen H, Berninger F, Li X, Huang JG. Climate warming leads to advanced fruit development period of temperate woody species but divergent changes in its length. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:6021-6032. [PMID: 35901248 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming has significantly altered the phenology of plants in recent decades. However, in contrast to the widely reported warming-induced extension of vegetative growing season, the response of fruit development period (FDP) from flowering to fruiting remains largely unexplored, particularly for woody plants. Analyzing >560,000 in situ observations of both flowering and fruiting dates for six temperate woody species across 2958 European phenological observations sites during 1980-2013, we found that in all species both flowering and fruiting phenology, that is, the FDP, advanced with climate warming. However, the advancing rates of the two events were not necessarily equal for any given species, resulting in divergent changes in the length of FDP among species with climate warming. During 1980-2013, not only the temperature during FDP but also the forcing requirement for fruit development increased, both affecting the length of FDP. The shortened FDP was mainly due to elevated temperature, thus accelerating the accumulation of forcing, whereas the prolonged FDP was primarily caused by the substantial increase of the forcing requirement of fruiting, which could be fulfilled only in a longer time and thus slowed down the advance of fruiting. This study provides large-scale empirical evidence of warming-induced advances of FDP but divergent changes in its length in temperate woody species. Our findings demonstrate the contrasting reproductive phenological strategies among temperate woody species under the pressure of warming climate, contrary to the lengthening of vegetative growing season, which is by and largely similar with different woody species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heikki Hänninen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Frank Berninger
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Integrated Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Y, Qu Z, Sietiö O, Zhou X, Heinonsalo J, Köster K, Berninger F, Pumpanen J, Sun H. The temporal and spatial response of soil fungal community composition and potential function to wildfire in a permafrost region in Canada. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue‐mei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in China College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Zhao‐lei Qu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in China College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
| | - Outi‐Maaria Sietiö
- Department of Forest Sciences University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27 Helsinki Finland
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Department of Forest Sciences University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27 Helsinki Finland
| | - Kajar Köster
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Forest Sciences University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27 Helsinki Finland
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Hui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in China College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing China
- Department of Forest Sciences University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27 Helsinki Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qu ZL, Li XL, Ge Y, Palviainen M, Zhou X, Heinonsalo J, Berninger F, Pumpanen J, Köster K, Sun H. The impact of biochar on wood-inhabiting bacterial community and its function in a boreal pine forest. Environ Microbiome 2022; 17:45. [PMID: 36042528 PMCID: PMC9429645 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is considered to be a possible means of carbon sequestration to alleviate climate change. However, the dynamics of the microbial community during wood decomposition after biochar application remain poorly understood. In this study, the wood-inhabiting bacterial community composition and its potential functions during a two-year decomposition period after the addition of different amounts of biochar (0.5 kg m-2 and 1.0 kg m-2), and at different biochar pyrolysis temperatures (500 °C and 650 °C), in a boreal Scots pine forest, were analyzed using Illumina NovaSeq sequencing combined with Functional Annotation of Prokaryotic Taxa (FAPROTAX). The results showed that the wood decomposition rates increased after biochar addition to the soil surface in the second year. Treatment with biochar produced at high temperatures increased the diversity of wood-inhabiting bacteria more than that produced at low temperatures (P < 0.05). The wood-inhabiting bacterial diversity and species richness decreased with decomposition time. The biochar treatments changed the wood-inhabiting bacterial community structure during the decomposition period. The pyrolysis temperature and the amount of applied biochar had no effect on the bacterial community structure but shifted the abundance of certain bacterial taxa. Similarly, biochar application shifted the wood-inhabiting bacterial community function in the first year, but not in the second year. The wood-inhabiting bacterial community and function were affected by soil pH, soil water content, and soil total nitrogen. The results provide useful information on biochar application for future forest management practices. Long-term monitoring is needed to better understand the effects of biochar application on nutrient cycling in boreal forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Lei Qu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xiao-Li Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yan Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Marjo Palviainen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kajar Köster
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1 E, P. O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou X, Sun H, Heinonsalo J, Pumpanen J, Berninger F. Microbial biodiversity contributes to soil carbon release: A case study on fire disturbed boreal forests. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2022; 98:6617588. [PMID: 35749564 PMCID: PMC9303362 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiac074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial communities often possess enormous diversity, raising questions about whether this diversity drives ecosystem functioning, especially the influence of diversity on soil decomposition and respiration. Although functional redundancy is widely observed in soil microorganisms, evidence that species occupy distinct metabolic niches has also emerged. In this paper, we found that apart from the environmental variables, increases in microbial diversity, notably bacterial diversity, lead to an increase in soil C emissions. This was demonstrated using structural equation modelling (SEM), linking soil respiration with naturally differing levels of soil physio-chemical properties, vegetation coverage, and microbial diversity after fire disturbance. Our SEMs also revealed that models including bacterial diversity explained more variation of soil CO2 emissions (about 45%) than fungal diversity (about 38%). A possible explanation of this discrepancy is that fungi are more multifunctional than bacteria and, therefore, an increase in fungal diversity does not necessarily change soil respiration. Further analysis on functional genes suggested that bacterial and fungal diversities mainly explain the potential decomposition of recalcitrant C than of labile C. Overall, by incorporating microbial diversity and the environmental variables, the predictive power of models on soil C emission was significantly improved, indicating microbial diversity is crucial for predicting ecosystem functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu campus, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Hui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, 210037 Nanjing, China
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu campus, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu campus, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu X, Chen L, Pumpanen J, Ojala A, Zobitz J, Zhou X, Laudon H, Palviainen M, Neitola K, Berninger F. The role of terrestrial productivity and hydrology in regulating aquatic dissolved organic carbon concentrations in boreal catchments. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:2764-2778. [PMID: 35060250 PMCID: PMC9303698 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed an increase in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in the catchments of the Northern Hemisphere. Increasing terrestrial productivity and changing hydrology may be reasons for the increases in DOC concentration. The aim of this study is to investigate the impacts of increased terrestrial productivity and changed hydrology following climate change on DOC concentrations. We tested and quantified the effects of gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RE) and discharge on DOC concentrations in boreal catchments over 3 years. As catchment characteristics can regulate the extent of rising DOC concentrations caused by the regional or global environmental changes, we selected four catchments with different sizes (small, medium and large) and landscapes (forest, mire and forest-mire mixed). We applied multiple models: Wavelet coherence analysis detected the delay-effects of terrestrial productivity and discharge on aquatic DOC variations of boreal catchments; thereafter, the distributed-lag linear models quantified the contributions of each factor on DOC variations. Our results showed that the combined impacts of terrestrial productivity and discharge explained 62% of aquatic DOC variations on average across all sites, whereas discharge, gross primary production (GPP) and RE accounted for 26%, 22% and 3%, respectively. The impact of GPP and discharge on DOC changes was directly related to catchment size: GPP dominated DOC fluctuations in small catchments (<1 km2 ), whereas discharge controlled DOC variations in big catchments (>1 km2 ). The direction of the relation between GPP and discharge on DOC varied. Increasing RE always made a positive contribution to DOC concentration. This study reveals that climate change-induced terrestrial greening and shifting hydrology change the DOC export from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems. The work improves our mechanistic understanding of surface water DOC regulation in boreal catchments and confirms the importance of DOC fluxes in regulating ecosystem C budgets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Zhu
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesJoensuu CampusUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesJoensuu CampusUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesKuopio CampusUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Anne Ojala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE)HelsinkiFinland
| | - John Zobitz
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer ScienceAugsburg UniversityMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesJoensuu CampusUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural ScienceUmeåSweden
| | - Marjo Palviainen
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kimmo Neitola
- Institute for Atmospheric Earth System Research (INAR)University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological SciencesJoensuu CampusUniversity of Eastern FinlandJoensuuFinland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palviainen M, Peltomaa E, Laurén A, Kinnunen N, Ojala A, Berninger F, Zhu X, Pumpanen J. Water quality and the biodegradability of dissolved organic carbon in drained boreal peatland under different forest harvesting intensities. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150919. [PMID: 34653471 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Boreal peatlands are major sources of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to downstream aquatic ecosystems, and forest harvesting generally further increases the loading of DOC and nutrients. Continuous cover forestry (CCF) is proposed to be an environmentally more sustainable management option for peatland forests than conventional even-aged clear-cutting. However, the impacts of CCF on water quality, the biodegradability of DOC and consequent CO2 emissions from inland waters are poorly known. We studied the concentrations of N, P and DOC, the quality of DOC, and the mineralization of DOC to CO2 in ground water and ditch water in clear-cut, partially harvested, i.e. CCF, and uncut drained forests in Finland. Groundwater total N, NH4-N and PO4-P concentrations were significantly lower in CCF and uncut forest than in the clear-cut forest. Groundwater DOC concentrations were often highest in the clear-cut forest, where the water table was closer to the soil surface. Ditch water DOC and N concentrations were lowest next to the clear-cut area. DOC aromaticity in ground water was higher in the uncut forest than in the clear-cut and CCF, whereas ditch water aromaticity did not differ between the treatments. The biodegradation of DOC was studied by incubating water (at 15 °C for 24 h) 1, 3, 7 and 21 days after sampling. The results indicated that the majority of the CO2 production took place during the first three days, and CO2 fluxes were considerably higher from the ditch water than from the groundwater. The CO2 emissions were lower in summer than in the other seasons. Ditch water and groundwater CO2 production were generally significantly higher in the clear-cut than in the uncut forest. The results suggest that CCF can decrease the nutrient concentrations as well as CO2 emissions from inland waters compared to conventional clear-cutting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elina Peltomaa
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ari Laurén
- Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Niko Kinnunen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne Ojala
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xudan Zhu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kafil M, Berninger F, Koutra E, Kornaros M. Utilization of the microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda for hexavalent chromium bioremediation and biodiesel production. Bioresour Technol 2022; 346:126665. [PMID: 34990857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bioremediation potential of the microalga Scenedesmus quadricauda in removing hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) from synthetic wastewater, under autotrophic and heterotrophic conditions and different inoculum concentrations. In both cultivation modes, the highest inoculum density of 0.8 g L-1 led to the highest Cr (VI) removal efficiency. In addition, Cr (VI) stress was more severe in 10 ppm compared to 5 ppm, while heavy metal effects were alleviated under heterotrophic conditions. Concurrently, Cr (VI) stress affected biomass quality, resulting in an increase in lipid and carbohydrate production and decreased proteins. Furthermore, under higher Cr (VI) concentration more saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids were produced, while monounsaturated fatty acids content was also greater under heterotrophic conditions. In total, the findings of this study highlight the advantages of heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae for concomitant industrial wastewater treatment and biofuel production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Kafil
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Eleni Koutra
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, University Campus, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Michael Kornaros
- Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering and Environmental Technology (LBEET), Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, University Campus, 26504 Patras, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jin J, Wang L, Müller K, Wu J, Wang H, Zhao K, Berninger F, Fu W. A 10-year monitoring of soil properties dynamics and soil fertility evaluation in Chinese hickory plantation regions of southeastern China. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23531. [PMID: 34876648 PMCID: PMC8651749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02947-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring the temporal and spatial variation of soil properties is helpful to understand the evolution of soil properties and adjust the management method in time. Soil fertility evaluation is an urgent need to understand soil fertility level and prevent soil degradation. Here, we conducted an intensive field investigation in Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis Sarg.) plantation to clarify the spatial and temporal variation of soil properties and its influencing factors, and to evaluate the change of soil fertility. The results showed that the soil pH and soil organic carbon (SOC) significantly increased from 2008 to 2018, while available nitrogen (AN) significantly decreased from 2008 to 2018. The semi-variance revealed that except available phosphorus (AP), the spatial dependencies of soil properties increased from 2008 to 2018. An increasing south-north gradient was found for soil AN, AP, available potassium (AK) and SOC and a decreasing south-north gradient was found for soil pH. The average soil fertility in the whole area was increased from 2008 to 2018. Our findings demonstrated that the changes of the management measures were the reason for the change of soil properties from 2008 to 2018. Therefore, rational fertilization strategies and sod cultivation are recommended to maintain the long-term development of the producing forest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Luoqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Karin Müller
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag, Hamilton, 3123, New Zealand
| | - Jiasen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Keli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Weijun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China. .,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, 311300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qu ZL, Santalahti M, Köster K, Berninger F, Pumpanen J, Heinonsalo J, Sun H. Soil Fungal Community Structure in Boreal Pine Forests: From Southern to Subarctic Areas of Finland. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:653896. [PMID: 34122368 PMCID: PMC8188478 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.653896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The boreal forest environment plays an important role in the global C cycle due to its high carbon storage capacity. However, relatively little is known about the forest fungal community at a regional scale in boreal forests. In the present study, we have re-analyzed the data from our previous studies and highlighted the core fungal community composition and potential functional groups in three forests dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Finland, and identified the fungal generalists that appear across geographic locations despite differences in local conditions. The three forests represent subarctic, northern and southern boreal forest, and are all in an un-managed state without human interference or management. The subarctic and northern areas are subject to reindeer grazing. The results showed that the three locations formed distinct fungal community structures (P < 0.05). Compared to the two northern locations, the southern boreal forest harbored a greater abundance of Zygomycota, Lactarius, Mortierella Umbelopsis, and Tylospora, in which aspect there were no differences between the two northern forests. Cortinarius, Piloderma, and Suillus were the core fungal genera in the boreal Scots pine forest. Functionally, the southern boreal forest harbored a greater abundance of saprotroph, endophytes and fungal parasite-lichen, whereas a greater abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi was observed in the northern boreal forests. Moreover, the pathotroph and wood saprotrophs were commonly present in these three regions. The three locations formed two distinct fungal community functional structures, by which the southern forest was clearly separated from the two northern forests, suggesting a distance–decay relationship via geographic location. This study provides useful information for better understanding the common fungal communities and functions in boreal forests in different geographical locations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Lei Qu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minna Santalahti
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kajar Köster
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu X, Chen L, Pumpanen J, Keinänen M, Laudon H, Ojala A, Palviainen M, Kiirikki M, Neitola K, Berninger F. Assessment of a portable UV-Vis spectrophotometer's performance in remote areas: Stream water DOC, Fe content and spectral data. Data Brief 2021; 35:106747. [PMID: 33537378 PMCID: PMC7841307 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents data for the assessment of a portable UV-Vis spectrophotometer's performance on predicting stream water DOC and Fe content. The dataset contains DOC and Fe concentrations by laboratory methods, in-situ and ex-situ spectral absorbances, monitoring environmental indexes such as water depth, temperature, turbidity and voltage. The records in Yli-Nuortti river (Cold station, Finland) took place during the hydrological year 2018-2019 and in Krycklan (C4 and C5, Sweden) during the hydrological years 2016-2019. The data analyses were conducted with 'pls' and 'caret' package in R. The correlation coefficient (R), root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), standard deviation (STD) and bias were used to check the performance of the models. This dataset can be combined with datasets from other regions around the world to build more universal models. For discussion and more information of the dataset creation, please refer to the full-length article "Assessment of a portable UV-Vis spectrophotometer's performance for stream water DOC and Fe content monitoring in remote areas" [1].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Zhu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Ojala
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Niemenkatu 73, 15140 Lahti, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Palviainen
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kimmo Neitola
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhu X, Chen L, Pumpanen J, Keinänen M, Laudon H, Ojala A, Palviainen M, Kiirikki M, Neitola K, Berninger F. Assessment of a portable UV-Vis spectrophotometer's performance for stream water DOC and Fe content monitoring in remote areas. Talanta 2020; 224:121919. [PMID: 33379120 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Quantification of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and iron (Fe) in surface waters is critical for understanding the water quality dynamics, brownification and carbon balance in the northern hemisphere. Especially in the remote areas, sampling and laboratory analysis of DOC and Fe content at a sufficient temporal frequency is difficult. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry is a promising tool for water quality monitoring to increase the sampling frequency and applications in remote regions. The aim of this study was (1) to investigate the performance of an in-situ UV-Vis spectrophotometer for detecting spectral absorbances in comparison with a laboratory benchtop instrument; (2) to analyse the stability of DOC and Fe estimates from UV-Vis spectrophotometers among different rivers using multivariate methods; (3) to compare site-specific calibration of models to pooled models and investigate the extrapolation of DOC and Fe predictions from one catchment to another. This study indicates that absorbances that were measured by UV-Vis sensor explained 96% of the absorbance data from the laboratory benchtop instrument. Among the three tested multivariate methods, multiple stepwise regression (MSR) was the best model for both DOC and Fe predictions. Accurate and unbiased models for multiple watersheds for DOC were built successfully, and these models could be extrapolated from one watershed to another even without site-specific calibration for DOC. However, for Fe the combination of different datasets was not possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xudan Zhu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Keinänen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Hjalmar Laudon
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 90183, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Ojala
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Palviainen
- Department of Forest Science, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Kiirikki
- Luode Consulting Sinimäentie 10 B, 02630, Espoo, Finland
| | - Kimmo Neitola
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 80101, Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu C, Hölttä T, Tian X, Berninger F, Mäkelä A. Weaker Light Response, Lower Stomatal Conductance and Structural Changes in Old Boreal Conifers Implied by a Bayesian Hierarchical Model. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:579319. [PMID: 33240299 PMCID: PMC7677260 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.579319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Age-related effects on whole-tree hydraulics are one of the key challenges to better predicting the production and growth of old-growth forests. Previous models have described the optimal state of stomatal behaviour, and field studies have implied on age/size-induced trends in tree ecophysiology related to hydraulics. On these bases, we built a Bayesian hierarchical model to link sap flow density and drivers of transpiration directly. The model included parameters with physiological meanings and accounted for variations in leaf-sapwood area ratio and the time lag between sap flow and transpiration. The model well-simulated the daily pattern of sap flow density and the variation between tree age groups. The results of parameterization show that (1) the usually higher stomatal conductance in young than old trees during mid-summer was mainly because the sap flow of young trees were more activated at low to medium light intensity, and (2) leaf-sapwood area ratio linearly decreased while time lag linearly increased with increasing tree height. Uncertainty partitioning and cross-validation, respectively, indicated a reliable and fairly robust parameter estimation. The model performance may be further improved by higher data quality and more process-based expressions of the internal dynamics of trees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Che Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xianglin Tian
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ribeiro-Kumara C, Pumpanen J, Heinonsalo J, Metslaid M, Orumaa A, Jõgiste K, Berninger F, Köster K. Long-term effects of forest fires on soil greenhouse gas emissions and extracellular enzyme activities in a hemiboreal forest. Sci Total Environ 2020; 718:135291. [PMID: 31843307 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fire is the most important natural disturbance in boreal forests, and it has a major role regulating the carbon (C) budget of these systems. With the expected increase in fire frequency, the greenhouse gas (GHG) budget of boreal forest soils may change. In order to understand the long-term nature of the soil-atmosphere GHG exchange after fire, we established a fire chronosequence representing successional stages at 8, 19, 34, 65, 76 and 179 years following stand-replacing fires in hemiboreal Scots pine forests in Estonia. Changes in extracellular activity, litter decomposition, vegetation biomass, and soil physicochemical properties were assessed in relation to carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Soil temperature was highest 8 years after fire, whereas soil moisture varied through the fire chronosequences without a consistent pattern. Litter decomposition and CO2 efflux were still lower 8 years after fire compared with pre-fire levels (179 years after fire). Both returned to pre-fire levels before vegetation re-established, and CO2 efflux was only strongly responsive to temperature from 19 years after fire onward. Recovery of CO2 efflux in the long term was associated with a moderate effect of fire on enzyme activity, the input of above- and below-ground litter carbon, and the re-establishment of vegetation. Soil acted as a CH4 sink and N2O source similarly in all successional stages. Compared with soil moisture and time after fire, soil temperature was the most important predictor for both GHGs. The re-establishment of overstorey and vegetation cover (mosses and lichens) might have caused an increase in CH4 and N2O effluxes in the studied areas, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Ribeiro-Kumara
- University of Helsinki, Department of Forests Sciences, PO Box 27, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, PL 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- University of Helsinki, Department of Forests Sciences, PO Box 27, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Meteorological Institute, Climate System Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marek Metslaid
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, PO Box 115, 1431 Ås, Norway
| | - Argo Orumaa
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kalev Jõgiste
- Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 5, 51006 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Frank Berninger
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, PL 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Kajar Köster
- University of Helsinki, Department of Forests Sciences, PO Box 27, Latokartanonkaari 7, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mei T, Liu X, Fang D, Zhou G, Ye C, Li P, Shi Y, Du H, Berninger F, Hölscher D. Spring Leafing Phenology Favors Younger Culms of Moso Bamboo: Aspects From Water Use Relations. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:550. [PMID: 32457783 PMCID: PMC7225348 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As the most widely distributed giant running bamboo species in China, Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) can accomplish both development of newly sprouted culms and leaf renewal of odd-year-old culms within a few months in spring. The two phenological events in spring may together change water distribution among culms in different age categories within a stand, which may differ from our conventional understanding of the negative age effect on bamboo water use. Therefore, to explore the effect of spring shooting and leaf phenology on age-specific water use of Moso bamboo and potential water redistribution, we monitored water use of four culm age categories (newly sprouted, 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old; namely A0, A1, A2, A3) in spring from March to June 2018. For newly sprouting culms, the spring phenological period was classified into five stages (incubation, culm-elongation, branch-development, leafing, established). Over these phenological stages, age-specific accumulated sap flux density showed different patterns. The oldest culms, A3, were not influenced by leaf renewal and kept nearly constant and less water use than the other aged culms. However, A2, which did not renew their leaves, had the most water use at the two initial stages (incubation, culm-elongation) but consumed less water than A0 and A1 after the fourth stage (leafing). At the end of June, water use of the four age categories sorted in order of A0 > A1 > A2 > A3, which confirms the conventional thought and observations, i.e., a negative age effect. The results indicate that new leaf flushing may benefit younger culms (A1 and A0) more than older culms (A2 and A3), i.e., increasing their transpiration response to radiation and share of the stand transpiration. With the underground connected rhizome system, the bamboo stand as an integration seems to balance its water use among culms of different ages to support the water use of freshly sprouted culms during their developing period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Dongming Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Guomo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Chongyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Pingheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Yongjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Huaqiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
| | - Frank Berninger
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin’an, China
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang-Turpeinen H, Kivimäenpää M, Aaltonen H, Berninger F, Köster E, Köster K, Menyailo O, Prokushkin A, Pumpanen J. Wildfire effects on BVOC emissions from boreal forest floor on permafrost soil in Siberia. Sci Total Environ 2020; 711:134851. [PMID: 32000328 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the effects of climate change on boreal forest will be more frequent forest wildfires and permafrost thawing. These will increase the availability of soil organic matter (SOM) for microorganisms, change the ground vegetation composition and ultimately affect the emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), which impact atmospheric chemistry and climate. BVOC emissions from boreal forest floor have been little characterized in southern boreal region, and even less so in permafrost soil, which underlies most of the northern boreal region. Here, we report the long-term effects of wildfire on forest floor BVOC emission rates along a wildfire chronosequence in a Larix gmelinii forest in central Siberia. We determined forest floor BVOC emissions from forests exposed to wildfire 1, 23 and > 100 years ago. We studied how forest wildfires and the subsequent succession of ground vegetation, as well as changes in the availability of SOM along with the deepened and recovered active layer, influence BVOC emission rates. The forest floor acted as source of a large number of BVOCs in all forest age classes. Monoterpenes were the most abundant BVOC group in all age classes. The total BVOC emission rates measured from the 23- and >100-year-old areas were ca. 2.6 times higher than the emissions from the 1-year-old area. Lower emissions were related to a decrease in plant coverage and microbial decomposition of SOM after wildfire. Our results showed that forest wildfires play an important indirect role in regulating the amount and composition of BVOC emissions from post-fire originated boreal forest floor. This could have a substantial effect on BVOC emissions if the frequency of forest wildfires increases in the future as a result of climate warming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huizhong Zhang-Turpeinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Finland.
| | - Minna Kivimäenpää
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Heidi Aaltonen
- Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| | - Egle Köster
- Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/ Forest sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kajar Köster
- Department of Forest Sciences, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/ Forest sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, University of Eastern Finland, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bai S, Qiu W, Zhang H, Wang Y, Berninger F. Soil respiration following Chinese fir plantation clear-cut: Comparison of two forest regeneration approaches. Sci Total Environ 2020; 709:135980. [PMID: 31887521 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In response to ecological problems originating from long-term pure coniferous plantations, clear-cut, species mixing, and other forest regeneration practices have been proposed to develop into mixed conifer-broadleaved stand. However, the dynamic effects of these forest regeneration approaches on soil respiration have not been well investigated. In this study, we compared soil respiration for three continuous years from two completely different forest regeneration approaches in clear-cut areas with uncut as control in pure Chinese fir plantations in subtropical China. These two approaches were, I: ground vegetation cut and removal of slash in the first year followed by the second year's ground vegetation cut but retained on the site, and II: ground vegetation cut and slash burning in first year followed by second year's soil ploughing, replanting, ground vegetation cut but retained on the site. Soil respiration changed obviously as forest practices were applied in the both regeneration sites. Mean respiration rate for the first year was lower for the treatments of Approach I and Approach II than uncut control (-15.0% and -26.8%), indicating that soil respiration decreased with ground vegetation removal or slash burning after clear-cut. In contrast to the first year, mean respiration rate was higher for the treatments of Approach I and Approach II treatments than uncut control (+12.8% and +32.2% in the second year, 16.3% and 30.8% in the third year), indicating ground vegetation cut with retaining residuals or soil ploughing significantly increased soil respiration. These drastically changes were mainly due to the rapid growth of understory vegetation and new seedlings, the difference of species composition, the availability of respired organic matter and the intensity of soil disturbance induced by different specific forest practices of two regeneration approaches over time. In addition, the different species mixing and forest management practices enhance the uncertainty linked to the analyses of soil respiration. Our results suggest that high intensity forest regeneration approach has a higher soil CO2 emission and lower production of biomass. Forest regeneration approaches could decrease the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration. Our findings provide new insights into the effects of forest practices on soil CO2 flux following clear-cut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shangbin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Wanting Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Frank Berninger
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang, China; Department of Environmental Sciences and Biology, University of Eastern Finland, PL 111, Fin 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Aaltonen H, Palviainen M, Zhou X, Köster E, Berninger F, Pumpanen J, Köster K. Temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition after forest fire in Canadian permafrost region. J Environ Manage 2019; 241:637-644. [PMID: 30962006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.02.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming in arctic/subarctic ecosystems will result in increased frequency of forest fires, elevated soil temperatures and thawing of permafrost, which have implications for soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition rates, the CO2 emissions and globally significant soil C stocks in this region. It is still unclear how decomposability and temperature sensitivity of SOM varies in different depths and different stages of succession following forest fire in permafrost regions and studies on long term effects of forest fires in these areas are lacking. To study this question, we took soil samples from 5, 10 and 30 cm depths from forest stands in Northwest Canada, underlain by permafrost, that were burnt by wildfire 3, 25 and over 100 years ago. We measured heterotrophic soil respiration at 1, 7, 13 and 19 °C. Fire had a significant effect on the active layer depth, and it increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of respiration in the surface (5 cm) and in the deepest soil layer (30 cm) in the 3-year-old area compared to the 25- and more than 100-year-old areas. Also the metabolic quotient (qCO2) of soil microbes was increased after fire. Though fires may facilitate the SOM decomposition by increasing active layer depth, they also decreased SOM quality, which may limit the rate of decomposition. After fire all of these changes reverted back to original levels with forest succession.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Aaltonen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7), Fi-00014, Finland.
| | - Marjo Palviainen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7), Fi-00014, Finland
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7), Fi-00014, Finland
| | - Egle Köster
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7), Fi-00014, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PL 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PL 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kajar Köster
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7), Fi-00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ma Q, Huang JG, Hänninen H, Berninger F. Divergent trends in the risk of spring frost damage to trees in Europe with recent warming. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:351-360. [PMID: 30338890 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Frost events during the active growth period of plants can cause extensive frost damage with tremendous economic losses and dramatic ecological consequences. A common assumption is that climate warming may bring along a reduction in the frequency and severity of frost damage to vegetation. On the other hand, it has been argued that rising temperature in late winter and early spring might trigger the so called "false spring", that is, early onset of growth that is followed by cold spells, resulting in increased frost damage. By combining daily gridded climate data and 1,489 k in situ phenological observations of 27 tree species from 5,565 phenological observation sites in Europe, we show here that temporal changes in the risk of spring frost damage with recent warming vary largely depending on the species and geographical locations. Species whose phenology was especially sensitive to climate warming tended to have increased risk of frost damage. Geographically, compared with continental areas, maritime and coastal areas in Europe were more exposed to increasing occurrence of frost and these late spring frosts were getting more severe in the maritime and coastal areas. Our results suggest that even though temperatures will be elevated in the future, some phenologically responsive species and many populations of a given species will paradoxically experience more frost damage in the future warming climate. More attention should be paid to the increased frost damage in responsive species and populations in maritime areas when developing strategies to mitigate the potential negative impacts of climate change on ecosystems in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heikki Hänninen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Frank Berninger
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
- Plant Ecology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Köster E, Köster K, Berninger F, Prokushkin A, Aaltonen H, Zhou X, Pumpanen J. Changes in fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane caused by fire in Siberian boreal forest with continuous permafrost. J Environ Manage 2018; 228:405-415. [PMID: 30243076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rising air temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns in boreal ecosystems are changing the fire occurrence regimes (intervals, severity, intensity, etc.). The main impacts of fires are reported to be changes in soil physical and chemical characteristics, vegetation stress, degradation of permafrost, and increased depth of the active layer. Changes in these characteristics influence the dynamics of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) fluxes. We have studied the changes in CO2 and CH4 fluxes from the soil in boreal forest areas in central Siberia underlain by continuous permafrost and the possible impacts of the aforementioned environmental factors on the emissions of these greenhouse gases. We have used a fire chronosequence of areas, with the last fire occurring 1, 23, 56, and more than 100 years ago. The soils in our study acted as a source of CO2. Emissions of CO2 were lowest at the most recently burned area and increased with forest age throughout the fire chronosequence. The CO2 flux was influenced by the pH of the top 5 cm of the soil, the biomass of the birch (Betula) and alder (Duschekia) trees, and by the biomass of vascular plants in the ground vegetation. Soils were found to be a CH4 sink in all our study areas. The uptake of CH4 was highest in the most recently burned area (forest fire one year ago) and the lowest in the area burned 56 years ago, but the difference between fire chronosequence areas was not significant. According to the linear mixed effect model, none of the tested factors explained the CH4 flux. The results confirm that the impact of a forest fire on CO2 flux is long-lasting in Siberian boreal forests, continuing for more than 50 years, but the impact of forest fire on CH4 flux is minimal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egle Köster
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kajar Köster
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anatoly Prokushkin
- V. N. Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Heidi Aaltonen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu Y, Zhou G, Du H, Berninger F, Mao F, Li X, Chen L, Cui L, Li Y, Zhu D. Soil respiration of a Moso bamboo forest significantly affected by gross ecosystem productivity and leaf area index in an extreme drought event. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5747. [PMID: 30402345 PMCID: PMC6215440 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Moso bamboo has large potential to alleviate global warming through carbon sequestration. Since soil respiration (R s ) is a major source of CO2 emissions, we analyzed the dynamics of soil respiration (R s ) and its relation to environmental factors in a Moso bamboo (Phllostachys heterocycla cv. pubescens) forest to identify the relative importance of biotic and abiotic drivers of respiration. Annual average R s was 44.07 t CO2 ha-1 a-1. R s correlated significantly with soil temperature (P < 0.01), which explained 69.7% of the variation in R s at a diurnal scale. Soil moisture was correlated significantly with R s on a daily scale except not during winter, indicating it affected R s . A model including both soil temperature and soil moisture explained 93.6% of seasonal variations in R s . The relationship between R s and soil temperature during a day showed a clear hysteresis. R s was significantly and positively (P < 0.01) related to gross ecosystem productivity and leaf area index, demonstrating the significance of biotic factors as crucial drivers of R s .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Guomo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Huaqiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Frank Berninger
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fangjie Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Xuejian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Lu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Yangguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Di’en Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
- School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou city, Zhejiang province, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu Y, Zhou G, Du H, Berninger F, Mao F, Li X, Chen L, Cui L, Li Y, Zhu D, Xu L. Response of carbon uptake to abiotic and biotic drivers in an intensively managed Lei bamboo forest. J Environ Manage 2018; 223:713-722. [PMID: 29975899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) is widely distributed in southeastern China. We used eddy covariance to analyze carbon sequestration capacity of a Lei bamboo forest (2011-2013) and to identify the seasonal biotic and abiotic determinants of carbon fluxes. A machine learning algorithm called random forest (RF) was used to identify factors that affected carbon fluxes. The RF model predicted well the gross ecosystem productivity (GEP), ecosystem respiration (RE) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE), and displayed variations in the drivers between different seasons. Mean annual NEE, RE, and GEP were -105.2 ± 23.1, 1264.5 ± 45.2, and 1369.6 ± 52.5 g C m-2, respectively. Climate warming increased RE more than GEP when water inputs were not limiting. Summer drought played little role in suppressing GEP, but low soil moisture contents suppressed RE and increased the carbon sink during drought in the summer. The most important drivers of NEE were soil temperature in spring, summer, and winter, and photosynthetically active radiation in autumn. Air and soil temperature were important drivers of GEP in all seasons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guomo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Huaqiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Frank Berninger
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Department of Forest Ecology, P. O. Box 27, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland & Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fangjie Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuejian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yangguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di'en Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chan T, Berninger F, Kolari P, Nikinmaa E, Hölttä T. Linking stem growth respiration to the seasonal course of stem growth and GPP of Scots pine. Tree Physiol 2018; 38:1356-1370. [PMID: 29771366 PMCID: PMC6178967 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Current methods to study relations between stem respiration and stem growth have been hampered by problems in quantifying stem growth from dendrometer measurements, particularly on a daily time scale. This is mainly due to the water-related influences within these measurements that mask growth. A previously published model was used to remove water-related influences from measured radial stem variations to reveal a daily radial growth signal (ΔˆGm). We analysed the intra- and inter-annual relations between ΔˆGm and estimated growth respiration rates (Rg) on a daily scale for 5 years. Results showed that Rg was weakly correlated to stem growth prior to tracheid formation, but was significant during the early summer. In the late summer, the correlation decreased slightly relative to the early summer. A 1-day time lag was found of ΔˆGm preceding Rg. Using wavelet analysis and measurements from eddy covariance, it was found that Rg followed gross primary production and temperature with a 2 and 3 h time lag, respectively.This study shows that further in-depth analysis of in-situ growth and growth respiration dynamics is greatly needed, with a focus on cellular respiration at specific developmental stages, its woody tissue costs and linkages to source-sink processes and environmental drivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Chan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pasi Kolari
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, PO Box 68, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Nikinmaa
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abaker WE, Berninger F, Saiz G, Pumpanen J, Starr M. Linkages between soil carbon, soil fertility and nitrogen fixation in Acacia senegal plantations of varying age in Sudan. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5232. [PMID: 30018862 PMCID: PMC6044267 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the last decades sub-Saharan Africa has experienced severe land degradation and food security challenges linked to loss of soil fertility and soil organic matter (SOM), recurrent drought and increasing population. Although primary production in drylands is strictly limited by water availability, nutrient deficiencies, particularly of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), are also considered limiting factors for plant growth. It is known that SOM (often measured as soil organic carbon (SOC)) is a key indicator of soil fertility, therefore, management practices that increase SOM contents, such as increasing tree cover, can be expected to improve soil fertility. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of Acacia senegal (Senegalia senegal) trees on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (K) in relation to SOC, the potential of A. senegal for N2 fixation, and to identify possible N and P ecosystem limitations. Methods Soil nutrient (total N, P, K and available P and exchangeable K) concentrations and stocks were determined for the 0–10, 10–20,20–30 and 30–50 cm layers of A. senegal plantations of varying age (ranging from 7 to 24-years-old) and adjacent grasslands (reference) at two sites in semi-arid areas of Sudan. At both sites, three plots were established in each grassland and plantation. The potential of A. senegal for N2 fixation in relation to plantations age was assessed using δ15N isotopic abundances and nutrient limitations assessed using C:N:P stoichiometry. Results Soil concentrations of all studied nutrients were relatively low but were significantly and directly correlated to SOC concentrations. SOC and nutrient concentrations were the highest in the topsoil (0–10 cm) and increased with plantations age. Acacia foliage δ15N values were >6‰ and varied little with plantations age. Soil C:N and C:P ratios did not differ between grassland and plantations and only 0–10 cm layer N:P ratios showed significant differences between grassland and plantations. Discussion The results indicated that soil fertility in the Sahel region is strongly related to SOM contents and therefore highlighting the importance of trees in the landscape. The higher mineral nutrient concentrations in the topsoil of the plantations may be an indication of ‘nutrient uplift’ by the deeper roots. The high foliar δ15N values indicated that N2 fixation was not an important contributor to soil N contents in the plantations. The accretion of soil N cannot be explained by deposition but may be related to inputs of excreted N brought into the area annually by grazing and browsing animals. The soil C:N:P stoichiometry indicated that the plantations may be limited by P and the grasslands limited by N.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wafa E Abaker
- Department of Forest Sciences, Viikki Tropical Resources Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gustavo Saiz
- Department of Environmental Chemistry/Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, UK
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mike Starr
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang Y, Zhu X, Bai S, Zhu T, Qiu W, You Y, Wu M, Berninger F, Sun Z, Zhang H, Zhang X. Effects of forest regeneration practices on the flux of soil CO 2 after clear-cutting in subtropical China. J Environ Manage 2018; 212:332-339. [PMID: 29453118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Reforestation after clear-cutting is used to facilitate rapid establishment of new stands. However, reforestation may cause additional soil disturbance by affecting soil temperature and moisture, thus potentially influencing soil respiration. Our aim was to compare the effects of different reforestation methods on soil CO2 flux after clear-cutting in a Chinese fir plantation in subtropical China: uncut (UC), clear-cut followed by coppicing regeneration without soil preparation (CC), clear-cut followed by coppicing regeneration and reforestation with soil preparation, tending in pits and replanting (CCRP), and clear-cut followed by coppicing regeneration and reforestation with overall soil preparation, tending and replanting (CCRO). Clear-cutting significantly increased the mean soil temperature and decreased the mean soil moisture. Compared to UC, CO2 fluxes were 19.19, 37.49 and 55.93 mg m-2 h-1 higher in CC, CCRP and CCRO, respectively (P < 0.05). Differences in CO2 fluxes were mainly attributed to changes in soil temperature, litter mass and the mixing of organic matter with mineral soil. The results suggest that, when compared to coppicing regeneration, reforestation practices result in additional CO2 released, and that regarding the CO2 emissions, soil preparation and tending in pits is a better choice than overall soil preparation and tending.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xudan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shangbin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanting Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yujie You
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Frank Berninger
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China; Department of Forest Science, PO Box 27, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Zhibin Sun
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycling in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration of Zhejiang Province, School of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin'an, 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang H, Chen HYH, Lian J, John R, Ronghua L, Liu H, Ye W, Berninger F, Ye Q. Using functional trait diversity patterns to disentangle the scale‐dependent ecological processes in a subtropical forest. Funct Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Tianhe District Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied BotanySouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Tianhe District, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Han Y. H. Chen
- Faculty of Natural Resources ManagementLake head University Thunder Bay ON Canada
| | - Juyu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Tianhe District Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied BotanySouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Tianhe District, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Robert John
- Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Li Ronghua
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Tianhe District Guangzhou China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Tianhe District Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied BotanySouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Tianhe District, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Wanhui Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Tianhe District Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied BotanySouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Tianhe District, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Forest SciencesUniversity of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded EcosystemsSouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Tianhe District Guangzhou China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied BotanySouth China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences Tianhe District, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Köster E, Köster K, Berninger F, Aaltonen H, Zhou X, Pumpanen J. Carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide fluxes from a fire chronosequence in subarctic boreal forests of Canada. Sci Total Environ 2017; 601-602:895-905. [PMID: 28582735 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Forest fires are one of the most important natural disturbances in boreal forests, and their occurrence and severity are expected to increase as a result of climate warming. A combination of factors induced by fire leads to a thawing of the near-surface permafrost layer in subarctic boreal forest. Earlier studies reported that an increase in the active layer thickness results in higher carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions. We studied changes in CO2, CH4 and nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes in this study, and the significance of several environmental factors that influence the greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes at three forest sites that last had fires in 2012, 1990 and 1969, and we compared these to a control area that had no fire for at least 100years. The soils in our study acted as sources of CO2 and N2O and sinks for CH4. The elapsed time since the last forest fire was the only factor that significantly influenced all studied GHG fluxes. Soil temperature affected the uptake of CH4, and the N2O fluxes were significantly influenced by nitrogen and carbon content of the soil, and by the active layer depth. Results of our study confirm that the impacts of a forest fire on GHGs last for a rather long period of time in boreal forests, and are influenced by the fire induced changes in the ecosystem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Egle Köster
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Kajar Köster
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Biosciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heidi Aaltonen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PL 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Larjavaara M, Berninger F, Palviainen M, Prokushkin A, Wallenius T. Post-fire carbon and nitrogen accumulation and succession in Central Siberia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12776. [PMID: 28986589 PMCID: PMC5630608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved understanding of carbon (C) accumulation after a boreal fire enables more accurate quantification of the C implications caused by potential fire regime shifts. We coupled results from a fire history study with biomass and soil sampling in a remote and little-studied region that represents a vast area of boreal taiga. We used an inventory approach based on predefined plot locations, thus avoiding problems potentially causing bias related to the standard chronosequence approach. The disadvantage of our inventory approach is that more plots are needed to expose trends. Because of this we could not expose clear trends, despite laborious sampling. We found some support for increasing C and nitrogen (N) stored in living trees and dead wood with increasing time since the previous fire or time since the previous stand-replacing fire. Surprisingly, we did not gain support for the well-established paradigm on successional patterns, beginning with angiosperms and leading, if fires are absent, to dominance of Picea. Despite the lack of clear trends in our data, we encourage fire historians and ecosystem scientists to join forces and use even larger data sets to study C accumulation since fire in the complex Eurasian boreal landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markku Larjavaara
- VITRI, Viikki Tropical Resources Institute, Department of Forest Sciences, PO Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Silviculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Forest Sciences, PO Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo Palviainen
- Department of Forest Sciences, PO Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anatoly Prokushkin
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
| | - Tuomo Wallenius
- Department of Forest Sciences, PO Box 27, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Palviainen M, Pumpanen J, Berninger F, Ritala K, Duan B, Heinonsalo J, Sun H, Köster E, Köster K. Nitrogen balance along a northern boreal forest fire chronosequence. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174720. [PMID: 28358884 PMCID: PMC5373610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire is a major natural disturbance factor in boreal forests, and the frequency of forest fires is predicted to increase due to climate change. Nitrogen (N) is a key determinant of carbon sequestration in boreal forests because the shortage of N limits tree growth. We studied changes in N pools and fluxes, and the overall N balance across a 155-year non stand-replacing fire chronosequence in sub-arctic Pinus sylvestris forests in Finland. Two years after the fire, total ecosystem N pool was 622 kg ha-1 of which 16% was in the vegetation, 8% in the dead biomass and 76% in the soil. 155 years after the fire, total N pool was 960 kg ha-1, with 27% in the vegetation, 3% in the dead biomass and 69% in the soil. This implies an annual accumulation rate of 2.28 kg ha-1 which was distributed equally between soil and biomass. The observed changes in N pools were consistent with the computed N balance +2.11 kg ha-1 yr-1 over the 155-year post-fire period. Nitrogen deposition was an important component of the N balance. The biological N fixation increased with succession and constituted 9% of the total N input during the 155 post-fire years. N2O fluxes were negligible (≤ 0.01 kg ha-1 yr-1) and did not differ among post-fire age classes. The number and intensity of microbial genes involved in N cycling were lower at the site 60 years after fire compared to the youngest and the oldest sites indicating potential differences in soil N cycling processes. The results suggest that in sub-arctic pine forests, the non-stand-replacing, intermediate-severity fires decrease considerably N pools in biomass but changes in soil and total ecosystem N pools are slight. Current fire-return interval does not seem to pose a great threat to ecosystem productivity and N status in these sub-arctic forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjo Palviainen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kaisa Ritala
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Baoli Duan
- Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chengdu, China
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Egle Köster
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kajar Köster
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Alam SA, Huang JG, Stadt KJ, Comeau PG, Dawson A, Gea-Izquierdo G, Aakala T, Hölttä T, Vesala T, Mäkelä A, Berninger F. Effects of Competition, Drought Stress and Photosynthetic Productivity on the Radial Growth of White Spruce in Western Canada. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1915. [PMID: 29163627 PMCID: PMC5681961 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the complex interactions of competition, climate warming-induced drought stress, and photosynthetic productivity on the radial growth of trees is central to linking climate change impacts on tree growth, stand structure and in general, forest productivity. Using a mixed modeling approach, a stand-level photosynthetic production model, climate, stand competition and tree-ring data from mixedwood stands in western Canada, we investigated the radial growth response of white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss] to simulated annual photosynthetic production, simulated drought stress, and tree and stand level competition. The long-term (~80-year) radial growth of white spruce was constrained mostly by competition, as measured by total basal area, with minor effects from drought. There was no relation of competition and drought on tree growth but dominant trees increased their growth more strongly to increases in modeled photosynthetic productivity, indicating asymmetric competition. Our results indicate a co-limitation of drought and climatic factors inhibiting photosynthetic productivity for radial growth of white spruce in western Canada. These results illustrate how a modeling approach can separate the complex factors regulating both multi-decadal average radial growth and interannual radial growth variations of white spruce, and contribute to advance our understanding on sustainable management of mixedwood boreal forests in western Canada.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed A. Alam
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jian-Guo Huang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Guo Huang
| | - Kenneth J. Stadt
- Forest Management Branch, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Philip G. Comeau
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andria Dawson
- Department of General Education, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Tuomas Aakala
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Vesala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Annikki Mäkelä
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sun H, Santalahti M, Pumpanen J, Köster K, Berninger F, Raffaello T, Asiegbu FO, Heinonsalo J. Bacterial community structure and function shift across a northern boreal forest fire chronosequence. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32411. [PMID: 27573440 PMCID: PMC5004109 DOI: 10.1038/srep32411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microbial responses to fire are likely to change over the course of forest recovery. Investigations on long-term changes in bacterial dynamics following fire are rare. We characterized the soil bacterial communities across three different times post fire in a 2 to 152-year fire chronosequence by Illumina MiSeq sequencing, coupled with a functional gene array (GeoChip). The results showed that the bacterial diversity did not differ between the recently and older burned areas, suggesting a concomitant recovery in the bacterial diversity after fire. The differences in bacterial communities over time were mainly driven by the rare operational taxonomic units (OTUs < 0.1%). Proteobacteria (39%), Acidobacteria (34%) and Actinobacteria (17%) were the most abundant phyla across all sites. Genes involved in C and N cycling pathways were present in all sites showing high redundancy in the gene profiles. However, hierarchical cluster analysis using gene signal intensity revealed that the sites with different fire histories formed separate clusters, suggesting potential differences in maintaining essential biogeochemical soil processes. Soil temperature, pH and water contents were the most important factors in shaping the bacterial community structures and function. This study provides functional insight on the impact of fire disturbance on soil bacterial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.,Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Minna Santalahti
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70210, Finland
| | - Kajar Köster
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland.,Institute of Forestry and Rural Engineering, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Tommaso Raffaello
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Fred O Asiegbu
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| | - Jussi Heinonsalo
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00790, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhu SD, Li RH, Song J, He PC, Liu H, Berninger F, Ye Q. Different leaf cost-benefit strategies of ferns distributed in contrasting light habitats of sub-tropical forests. Ann Bot 2016; 117:497-506. [PMID: 26684751 PMCID: PMC4765538 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ferns are abundant in sub-tropical forests in southern China, with some species being restricted to shaded understorey of natural forests, while others are widespread in disturbed, open habitats. To explain this distribution pattern, we hypothesize that ferns that occur in disturbed forests (FDF) have a different leaf cost-benefit strategy compared with ferns that occur in natural forests (FNF), with a quicker return on carbon investment in disturbed habitats compared with old-growth forests. METHODS We chose 16 fern species from contrasting light habitats (eight FDF and eight FNF) and studied leaf functional traits, including leaf life span (LLS), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations (N and P), maximum net photosynthetic rates (A), leaf construction cost (CC) and payback time (PBT), to conduct a leaf cost-benefit analysis for the two fern groups. KEY RESULTS The two groups, FDF and FNF, did not differ significantly in SLA, leaf N and P, and CC, but FDF had significantly higher A, greater photosynthetic nitrogen- and phosphorus-use efficiencies (PNUE and PPUE), and shorter PBT and LLS compared with FNF. Further, across the 16 fern species, LLS was significantly correlated with A, PNUE, PPUE and PBT, but not with SLA and CC. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that leaf cost-benefit analysis contributes to understanding the distribution pattern of ferns in contrasting light habitats of sub-tropical forests: FDF employing a quick-return strategy can pre-empt resources and rapidly grow in the high-resource environment of open habitats; while a slow-return strategy in FNF allows their persistence in the shaded understorey of old-growth forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Dan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Rong-Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan road, Beijing 100049, China and
| | - Juan Song
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan road, Beijing 100049, China and
| | - Peng-Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan road, Beijing 100049, China and
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, 224 Helsingin Yliopisto, Finland
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 723 Xingke Road, Guangzhou 510650, China,
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Chan T, Hölttä T, Berninger F, Mäkinen H, Nöjd P, Mencuccini M, Nikinmaa E. Separating water-potential induced swelling and shrinking from measured radial stem variations reveals a cambial growth and osmotic concentration signal. Plant Cell Environ 2016; 39:233-44. [PMID: 25808847 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of cambial growth over short time periods has been hampered by problems to discern between growth and the swelling and shrinking of a tree stem. This paper presents a model, which separates cambial growth and reversible water-potential induced diurnal changes from simultaneously measured whole stem and xylem radial variations, from field-measured Scots pine trees in Finland. The modelled growth, which includes osmotic concentration changes, was compared with (direct) dendrometer measurements and microcore samples. In addition, the relationship of modelled growth and dendrometer measurements to environmental factors was analysed. The results showed that the water-potential induced changes of tree radius were successfully separated from stem growth. Daily growth predicted by the model exhibited a high correlation with the modelled daily changes of osmotic concentration in phloem, and a temperature dependency in early summer. Late-summer growth saw higher dependency on water availability and temperature. Evaluation of the model against dendrometer measurements showed that the latter masked a true environmental signal in stem growth due to water-potential induced changes. The model provides better understanding of radial growth physiology and offers potential to examine growth dynamics and changes due to osmotic concentration, and how the environment affects growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tommy Chan
- Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Teemu Hölttä
- Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Harri Mäkinen
- Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa, FIN-01301, Finland
| | - Pekka Nöjd
- Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa, FIN-01301, Finland
| | | | - Eero Nikinmaa
- Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FIN-00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kasurinen V, Alfredsen K, Kolari P, Mammarella I, Alekseychik P, Rinne J, Vesala T, Bernier P, Boike J, Langer M, Belelli Marchesini L, van Huissteden K, Dolman H, Sachs T, Ohta T, Varlagin A, Rocha A, Arain A, Oechel W, Lund M, Grelle A, Lindroth A, Black A, Aurela M, Laurila T, Lohila A, Berninger F. Latent heat exchange in the boreal and arctic biomes. Glob Chang Biol 2014; 20:3439-3456. [PMID: 24889888 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study latent heat flux (λE) measurements made at 65 boreal and arctic eddy-covariance (EC) sites were analyses by using the Penman-Monteith equation. Sites were stratified into nine different ecosystem types: harvested and burnt forest areas, pine forests, spruce or fir forests, Douglas-fir forests, broadleaf deciduous forests, larch forests, wetlands, tundra and natural grasslands. The Penman-Monteith equation was calibrated with variable surface resistances against half-hourly eddy-covariance data and clear differences between ecosystem types were observed. Based on the modeled behavior of surface and aerodynamic resistances, surface resistance tightly control λE in most mature forests, while it had less importance in ecosystems having shorter vegetation like young or recently harvested forests, grasslands, wetlands and tundra. The parameters of the Penman-Monteith equation were clearly different for winter and summer conditions, indicating that phenological effects on surface resistance are important. We also compared the simulated λE of different ecosystem types under meteorological conditions at one site. Values of λE varied between 15% and 38% of the net radiation in the simulations with mean ecosystem parameters. In general, the simulations suggest that λE is higher from forested ecosystems than from grasslands, wetlands or tundra-type ecosystems. Forests showed usually a tighter stomatal control of λE as indicated by a pronounced sensitivity of surface resistance to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit. Nevertheless, the surface resistance of forests was lower than for open vegetation types including wetlands. Tundra and wetlands had higher surface resistances, which were less sensitive to vapor pressure deficits. The results indicate that the variation in surface resistance within and between different vegetation types might play a significant role in energy exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and atmosphere. These results suggest the need to take into account vegetation type and phenology in energy exchange modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ville Kasurinen
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, POBox 27, Helsinki, 00014, Finland; Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Li Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Korpelainen H, Berninger F, Li C. Effects of elevated CO₂ and temperature on photosynthesis and leaf traits of an understory dwarf bamboo in subalpine forest zone, China. Physiol Plant 2013; 148:261-72. [PMID: 23025819 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The dwarf bamboo (Fargesia rufa Yi), growing understory in subalpine dark coniferous forest, is one of the main foods for giant panda, and it influences the regeneration of subalpine coniferous forests in southwestern China. To investigate the effects of elevated CO₂, temperature and their combination, the dwarf bamboo plantlets were exposed to two CO₂ regimes (ambient and double ambient CO₂ concentration) and two temperatures (ambient and +2.2°C) in growth chambers. Gas exchange, leaf traits and carbohydrates concentration were measured after the 150-day experiment. Elevated CO₂ significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate (Anet ), intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi ) and carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C) and decreased stomatal conductance (g(s)) and total chlorophyll concentration based on mass (Chl(m)) and area (Chl(a)). On the other hand, elevated CO₂ decreased specific leaf area (SLA), which was increased by elevated temperature. Elevated CO₂ also increased foliar carbon concentration based on mass (C(m)) and area (C(a)), nitrogen concentration based on area (N(a)), carbohydrates concentration (i.e. sucrose, sugar, starch and non-structural carbohydrates) and the slope of the A(net)-N(a) relationship. However, elevated temperature decreased C(m), C(a) and N(a). The combination of elevated CO₂ and temperature hardly affected SLA, C(m), C(a), N(m), N(a), Chl(m) and Chl(a). Variables Anet and Na had positive linear relationships in all treatments. Our results showed that photosynthetic acclimation did not occur in dwarf bamboo at elevated CO₂ and it could adjust physiology and morphology to enable the capture of more light, to increase WUE and improve nutritional conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Paquette A, Fontaine B, Berninger F, Dubois K, Lechowicz MJ, Messier C, Posada JM, Valladares F, Brisson J. Norway maple displays greater seasonal growth and phenotypic plasticity to light than native sugar maple. Tree Physiol 2012; 32:1339-1347. [PMID: 23076822 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Norway maple (Acer platanoides L), which is among the most invasive tree species in forests of eastern North America, is associated with reduced regeneration of the related native species, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh) and other native flora. To identify traits conferring an advantage to Norway maple, we grew both species through an entire growing season under simulated light regimes mimicking a closed forest understorey vs. a canopy disturbance (gap). Dynamic shade-houses providing a succession of high-intensity direct-light events between longer periods of low, diffuse light were used to simulate the light regimes. We assessed seedling height growth three times in the season, as well as stem diameter, maximum photosynthetic capacity, biomass allocation above- and below-ground, seasonal phenology and phenotypic plasticity. Given the north European provenance of Norway maple, we also investigated the possibility that its growth in North America might be increased by delayed fall senescence. We found that Norway maple had significantly greater photosynthetic capacity in both light regimes and grew larger in stem diameter than sugar maple. The differences in below- and above-ground biomass, stem diameter, height and maximum photosynthesis were especially important in the simulated gap where Norway maple continued extension growth during the late fall. In the gap regime sugar maple had a significantly higher root : shoot ratio that could confer an advantage in the deepest shade of closed understorey and under water stress or browsing pressure. Norway maple is especially invasive following canopy disturbance where the opposite (low root : shoot ratio) could confer a competitive advantage. Considering the effects of global change in extending the potential growing season, we anticipate that the invasiveness of Norway maple will increase in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Paquette
- Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Case postale 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhai L, Bergeron Y, Huang JG, Berninger F. Variation in intra-annual wood formation, and foliage and shoot development of three major Canadian boreal tree species. Am J Bot 2012; 99:827-37. [PMID: 22523348 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1100235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY In a warming climate, boreal trees may have adjusted their growth strategy (e.g., onset and coordination of growth among different organs such as stem, shoot, and foliage, within and among species) to cope with the extended growing seasons. A detailed investigation into growth of different organs during a growing season may help us assess the potential effects of climate change on tree growth in the boreal forest. METHODS The intra-annual growth of stem xylem, shoot tips, and foliage area of Pinus banksiana, Populus tremuloides, and Betula papyrifera was monitored in a boreal forest in Quebec, Canada during the growing season of 2007. Xylem formation was measured at weekly intervals, and shoot elongation and foliage expansion were measured three times per week from May to September. Growth indices for stem, shoot, and foliage were calculated and used to identify any climate-growth dependence. KEY RESULTS The time periods required for stem growth, branch extension, and foliage expansion differed among species. Of the three species, P. banksiana had the earliest budburst (20 May) yet the latest completion date of the foliage growth (2 August); P. tremuloides had the latest budburst (27 May) yet the earliest completion date of the foliage growth (10 July). Air temperature positively affected shoot extension growth of all three species. Precipitation positively influenced stem growth of the two broadleaf species, whereas growing season temperature positively impacted stem growth of P. banksiana. CONCLUSION The results show that both the timing of growth processes and environmental dependences differ among co-occurring species, thereby leading to different adaptive capability of these boreal tree species to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Zhai
- Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Fréchette E, Ensminger I, Bergeron Y, Gessler A, Berninger F. Will changes in root-zone temperature in boreal spring affect recovery of photosynthesis in Picea mariana and Populus tremuloides in a future climate? Tree Physiol 2011; 31:1204-1216. [PMID: 22021010 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Future climate will alter the soil cover of mosses and snow depths in the boreal forests of eastern Canada. In field manipulation experiments, we assessed the effects of varying moss and snow depths on the physiology of black spruce (Picea -mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) in the boreal black spruce forest of western Québec. For 1 year, naturally regenerated 10-year-old spruce and aspen were grown with one of the following treatments: additional N fertilization, addition of sphagnum moss cover, removal of mosses, delayed soil thawing through snow and hay addition, or accelerated soil thawing through springtime snow removal. Treatments that involved the addition of insulating moss or snow in the spring caused lower soil temperature, while removing moss and snow in the spring caused elevated soil temperature and thus had a warming effect. Soil warming treatments were associated with greater temperature variability. Additional soil cover, whether moss or snow, increased the rate of photosynthetic recovery in the spring. Moss and snow removal, on the other hand, had the opposite effect and lowered photosynthetic activity, especially in spruce. Maximal electron transport rate (ETR(max)) was, for spruce, 39.5% lower after moss removal than with moss addition, and 16.3% lower with accelerated thawing than with delayed thawing. Impaired photosynthetic recovery in the absence of insulating moss or snow covers was associated with lower foliar N concentrations. Both species were affected in that way, but trembling aspen generally reacted less strongly to all treatments. Our results indicate that a clear negative response of black spruce to changes in root-zone temperature should be anticipated in a future climate. Reduced moss cover and snow depth could adversely affect the photosynthetic capacities of black spruce, while having only minor effects on trembling aspen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Fréchette
- Canada Research Chair in Forest Productivity, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Coll L, Schneider R, Berninger F, Domenicano S, Messier C. Quantifying the effect of nitrogen-induced physiological and structural changes on poplar growth using a carbon-balance model. Tree Physiol 2011; 31:381-390. [PMID: 21498406 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpr013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the importance of changes in photosynthetic capacity, respiration rates, root shoot ratio, pipe model parameters and specific leaf area in the early-growth response of hybrid poplar to nitrogen availability. Juvenile growth simulations for trees with three different levels of leaf nitrogen concentration (N(leaf)) (low (1.2%), medium (2.4%) and high (3.6%)) were conducted with the carbon-balance model CROBAS. Five-year growth simulations showed the diameter and height of poplar trees to be, respectively, four and three times larger in plants with 2.4% N(leaf) compared with those with 1.2% N(leaf). Increasing N(leaf) from 2.4 to 3.6% resulted in 34 and 16% higher diameter and height growth of trees. According to the model, changes in the photosynthetic capacity accounted for most of the differences in growth between trees with different levels of N(leaf); the other parameters were much less influential. This suggests that in fast-growing early-successional broadleaved species such as poplars, physiological rather than allocational and morphological traits predominate in determining growth, at least under non-limiting light conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Coll
- Centre Tecnològic Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Ctra Sant Llorenç de Morunys km. 2, 25280 Solsona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Schneider R, Berninger F, Ung CH, Mäkelä A, Swift DE, Zhang SY. Within crown variation in the relationship between foliage biomass and sapwood area in jack pine. Tree Physiol 2011; 31:22-29. [PMID: 21388999 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpq104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between sapwood area and foliage biomass is the basis for a lot of research on eco-phyisology. In this paper, foliage biomass change between two consecutive whorls is studied, using different variations in the pipe model theory. Linear and non-linear mixed-effect models relating foliage differences to sapwood area increments were tested to take into account whorl location, with the best fit statistics supporting the non-linear formulation. The estimated value of the exponent is 0.5130, which is significantly different from 1, the expected value given by the pipe model theory. When applied to crown stem sapwood taper, the model indicates that foliage biomass distribution influences the foliage biomass to sapwood area at crown base ratio. This result is interpreted as being the consequence of differences in the turnover rates of sapwood and foliage. More importantly, the model explains previously reported trends in jack pine sapwood area at crown base to tree foliage biomass ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schneider
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gea-Izquierdo G, Mäkelä A, Margolis H, Bergeron Y, Black TA, Dunn A, Hadley J, Falk M, Wharton S, Monson R, Hollinger DY, Laurila T, Aurela M, McCaughey H, Bourque C, Vesala T, Berninger F. Modeling acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature in evergreen conifer forests. New Phytol 2010; 188:175-86. [PMID: 20618918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
• In this study, we used a canopy photosynthesis model which describes changes in photosynthetic capacity with slow temperature-dependent acclimations. • A flux-partitioning algorithm was applied to fit the photosynthesis model to net ecosystem exchange data for 12 evergreen coniferous forests from northern temperate and boreal regions. • The model accounted for much of the variation in photosynthetic production, with modeling efficiencies (mean > 67%) similar to those of more complex models. The parameter describing the rate of acclimation was larger at the northern sites, leading to a slower acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature. The response of the rates of photosynthesis to air temperature in spring was delayed up to several days at the coldest sites. Overall photosynthesis acclimation processes were slower at colder, northern locations than at warmer, more southern, and more maritime sites. • Consequently, slow changes in photosynthetic capacity were essential to explaining variations of photosynthesis for colder boreal forests (i.e. where acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature was slower), whereas the importance of these processes was minor in warmer conifer evergreen forests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo
- Centre d'Etude de la Forêt, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montreal, Montreal (Qc), H3P 3P8, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
We measured ring widths and isotopic abundances of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen (delta(13)C, delta(18)O and delta(2)H) from the latewood of tree rings of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in its distributional northern limit in Southern Finland. Ring width was observed to be related to precipitation and relative humidity but not significantly to temperature. delta(13)C and delta(18)O were significantly related to all studied climatic variables, most strongly to cloud cover. Variations in delta(2)H were discovered to be complex combinations of signals from biochemical and physical processes. The results suggest that oaks in Finland can be used as a source of climate information. delta(18)O was discovered to be especially promising as it showed the strongest climate signal and highest common signal between trees. The relationship between climate and ring width indicates that water availability is the main control of ring radial growth. This is supported by the isotope data. High correlation between delta(13)C and delta(18)O time series indicates that photosynthetic carbon assimilation is limited by stomatal control. Therefore, in contrast to the expected temperature limitation, our data indicate that drought limits oak growth more than cold temperatures on the border of its northernmost distribution range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Hilasvuori
- Dating Laboratory, Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, POB 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hartmann H, Wirth C, Messier C, Berninger F. Effects of above- and belowground partial harvest disturbance on growth and water status of residual sugar maple. Tree Physiol 2008; 28:1851-1862. [PMID: 19193568 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/28.12.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Partial forest harvesting is known to modify both above- and belowground resource availability and may result in direct and indirect stress to the residual trees as a result of machinery traffic and sudden changes in irradiance. We studied sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) trees in stands that had undergone a selection harvest 11 years before sampling to verify whether sudden increases in light availability and soil disturbance caused by machinery influence growth rates and lead to water stress. We selected trees that had experienced either no disturbance from partial harvest, soil disturbance only, sudden increases in light availability only or both disturbances. We analyzed stem radial growth rates and stable carbon isotope composition (delta(13)C) of stem wood with an annual resolution from 10 years before partial harvest until 10 years after partial harvest. Disturbances from partial harvest did not negatively affect growth rates or tree water status. Although trees that experienced increased light availability had higher (less negative) delta(13)C after harvest (indicating increased water-use efficiency), they also had higher growth rates, suggesting that they experienced no pronounced water stress. Trees subjected to soil disturbance showed no sign of water stress. These results may partly be associated with favorable growth conditions (abundant precipitation and mild temperature) in the years following harvest and could differ from results that would be observed under more severe climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Hartmann
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre d'Etude de la Forêt (CEF), Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Cernusca A, Bahn M, Berninger F, Tappeiner U, Wohlfahrt G. Effects of Land-Use Changes on Sources, Sinks and Fluxes of Carbon in European Mountain Grasslands. Ecosystems 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-008-9202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
49
|
Wohlfahrt G, Anderson-Dunn M, Bahn M, Balzarolo M, Berninger F, Campbell C, Carrara A, Cescatti A, Christensen T, Dore S, Eugster W, Friborg T, Furger M, Gianelle D, Gimeno C, Hargreaves K, Hari P, Haslwanter A, Johansson T, Marcolla B, Milford C, Nagy Z, Nemitz E, Rogiers N, Sanz MJ, Siegwolf RT, Susiluoto S, Sutton M, Tuba Z, Ugolini F, Valentini R, Zorer R, Cernusca A. Biotic, Abiotic, and Management Controls on the Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange of European Mountain Grassland Ecosystems. Ecosystems 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-008-9196-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
50
|
Porcar-Castell A, Juurola E, Ensminger I, Berninger F, Hari P, Nikinmaa E. Seasonal acclimation of photosystem II in Pinus sylvestris. II. Using the rate constants of sustained thermal energy dissipation and photochemistry to study the effect of the light environment. Tree Physiol 2008; 28:1483-91. [PMID: 18708330 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/28.10.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis in evergreen conifers is characterized by down-regulation in autumn and rapid up-regulation in spring. This seasonal pattern is largely driven by temperature, but the light environment also plays a role. In overwintering Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees, PSII is less down-regulated and recovers faster from winter stress in shaded needles than in needles exposed to full sunlight. Because the effect of light on the seasonal acclimation of PSII has not been quantitatively studied under field conditions, we used the rate constants for sustained thermal energy dissipation and photochemistry to investigate the dynamics and kinetics of the seasonal acclimation of PSII in needles exposed to different light environments. We monitored chlorophyll fluorescence and needle pigment concentration during the winter and spring in Scots pine seedlings growing in the field in different shading treatments, and within the crowns of mature trees. The results indicated that differences in acclimation of PSII in overwintering Scots pine among needles exposed to different light environments can be chiefly attributed to sustained thermal dissipation. We also present field evidence that zeaxanthin-facilitated thermal dissipation and aggregation of thylakoid membrane proteins are key mechanisms in the regulation of sustained thermal dissipation in Scots pine trees in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Porcar-Castell
- Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|