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Chen H, Jog MA, Evans DE, Turkevich LA. Numerical investigation of powder aerosolization in a rotating drum apparatus. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Fonseca AS, Viitanen AK, Kanerva T, Säämänen A, Aguerre-Chariol O, Fable S, Dermigny A, Karoski N, Fraboulet I, Koponen IK, Delpivo C, Vilchez Villalba A, Vázquez-Campos S, Østerskov Jensen AC, Hjortkjær Nielsen S, Sahlgren N, Clausen PA, Xuan Nguyen Larsen B, Kofoed-Sørensen V, Alstrup Jensen K, Koivisto J. Occupational Exposure and Environmental Release: The Case Study of Pouring TiO 2 and Filler Materials for Paint Production. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020418. [PMID: 33430311 PMCID: PMC7825781 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary exposure to micro- and nanoscaled particles has been widely linked to adverse health effects and high concentrations of respirable particles are expected to occur within and around many industrial settings. In this study, a field-measurement campaign was performed at an industrial manufacturer, during the production of paints. Spatial and personal measurements were conducted and results were used to estimate the mass flows in the facility and the airborne particle release to the outdoor environment. Airborne particle number concentration (1 × 103–1.0 × 104 cm−3), respirable mass (0.06–0.6 mg m−3), and PM10 (0.3–6.5 mg m−3) were measured during pouring activities. In overall; emissions from pouring activities were found to be dominated by coarser particles >300 nm. Even though the raw materials were not identified as nanomaterials by the manufacturers, handling of TiO2 and clays resulted in release of nanometric particles to both workplace air and outdoor environment, which was confirmed by TEM analysis of indoor and stack emission samples. During the measurement period, none of the existing exposure limits in force were exceeded. Particle release to the outdoor environment varied from 6 to 20 g ton−1 at concentrations between 0.6 and 9.7 mg m−3 of total suspended dust depending on the powder. The estimated release of TiO2 to outdoors was 0.9 kg per year. Particle release to the environment is not expected to cause any major impact due to atmospheric dilution
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Fonseca
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-3916-5492
| | - Anna-Kaisa Viitanen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland; (A.-K.V.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Tomi Kanerva
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland; (A.-K.V.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Arto Säämänen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, FI-00032 Työterveyslaitos, Finland; (A.-K.V.); (T.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Olivier Aguerre-Chariol
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Sebastien Fable
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Adrien Dermigny
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Nicolas Karoski
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | - Isaline Fraboulet
- Caractérisation de l’Environnement (CARA), INERIS, 93310 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France; (O.A.-C.); (S.F.); (A.D.); (N.K.); (I.F.)
| | | | - Camilla Delpivo
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.); (A.V.V.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Alejandro Vilchez Villalba
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.); (A.V.V.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Socorro Vázquez-Campos
- Human & Environmental Health & Safety, LEITAT Technological Center, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (C.D.); (A.V.V.); (S.V.-C.)
| | - Alexander Christian Østerskov Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Signe Hjortkjær Nielsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Nicklas Sahlgren
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Per Axel Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Bianca Xuan Nguyen Larsen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Vivi Kofoed-Sørensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Keld Alstrup Jensen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
| | - Joonas Koivisto
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NRCWE), DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.C.Ø.J.); (S.H.N.); (N.S.); (P.A.C.); (B.X.N.L.); (V.K.-S.); (K.A.J.); (J.K.)
- ARCHE Consulting, B-9032 Ghent, Belgium
- Air Pollution Management, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, FI-00014 UHEL Helsinki, Finland
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Wu N, Xue C, Yu S, Ye Q. Artificial stone-associated silicosis in China: A prospective comparison with natural stone-associated silicosis. Respirology 2020; 25:518-524. [PMID: 31828940 PMCID: PMC7187561 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We recently noted a dramatic increase in the number of patients with accelerated silicosis associated with exposure to artificial stone dust. Therefore, the natural history of artificial stone-associated silicosis was compared with that of natural stone-associated silicosis. METHODS A total of 18 patients with artificial stone-associated silicosis and 63 with natural stone-associated silicosis were diagnosed sequentially in 2018 and followed up for a period of 6-12 months. Data were collected from clinical charts. RESULTS The median duration of exposure prior to onset of symptoms of silicosis was shorter for patients who had been exposed to artificial stone dust (6.4 vs 29.3 years, P < 0.01). Four of the 18 patients experienced rapid deterioration in lung function over the follow-up period, with declines in pre-bronchodilator FVC of 587 (210-960) mL/year and FEV1 of 625 (360-860) mL/year. GGO, PMF, emphysema and pulmonary artery widening were more frequently observed on computed tomography scans of patients with artificial stone-associated silicosis than of those with natural stone-associated silicosis. Approximately 38.9% of the patients with artificial stone-associated silicosis were lung transplant candidates and 27.8% died, both rates being significantly higher than in patients with natural stone-associated silicosis (3.2% and 0%, both P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Compared to natural stone-associated silicosis, artificial stone-associated silicosis was characterized by short latency, rapid radiological progression, accelerated decline in lung function and high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung DiseasesBeijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Changjiang Xue
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung DiseasesBeijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shiwen Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung DiseasesBeijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qiao Ye
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, Clinical Center for Interstitial Lung DiseasesBeijing Chao‐Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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Ribalta C, Viana M, López-Lilao A, Estupiñá S, Minguillón MC, Mendoza J, Díaz J, Dahmann D, Monfort E. On the Relationship between Exposure to Particles and Dustiness during Handling of Powders in Industrial Settings. Ann Work Expo Health 2020; 63:107-123. [PMID: 30508067 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to ceramic powders, which is frequent during handling operations, is known to cause adverse health effects. Finding proxy parameters to quantify exposure is useful for efficient and timely exposure assessments. Worker exposure during handling of five materials [a silica sand (SI1), three quartzes (Q1, Q2, and Q3), and a kaolin (K1)] with different particle shape (prismatic and platy) and sizes (3.4-120 µm) was assessed. Materials handling was simulated using a dry pendular mill under two different energy settings (low and high). Three repetitions of two kilos of material were carried out per material and energy conditions with a flow rate of 8-11 kg h-1. The performance of the dustiness index as a predictor of worker exposure was evaluated correlating material's dustiness indexes (with rotating drum and continuous drop) with exposure concentrations. Significant impacts on worker exposure in terms of inhalable and respirable mass fractions were detected for all materials. Mean inhalable mass concentrations during background were always lower than 40 µg m-3 whereas during material handling under high energy settings mean concentrations were 187, 373, 243, 156, and 430 µg m-3 for SI1, Q1, Q2, Q3, and K1, respectively. Impacts were not significant with regard to particle number concentration: background particle number concentrations ranged between 10 620 and 46 421 cm-3 while during handling under high energy settings they were 20 880 - 40 498 cm-3. Mean lung deposited surface area during background ranged between 27 and 101 μm2 cm-3 whereas it ranged between 22 and 42 μm2 cm-3 during materials handling. TEM images evidenced the presence of nanoparticles (≤100 nm) in the form of aggregates (300 nm-1 µm) in the worker area, and a slight reduction on mean particle size during handling was detected. Dustiness and exposure concentrations showed a high degree of correlation (R2 = 0.77-0.97) for the materials and operating conditions assessed, suggesting that dustiness could be considered a relevant predictor for workplace exposure. Nevertheless, the relationship between dustiness and exposure is complex and should be assessed for each process, taking into account not only material behaviour but also energy settings and workplace characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ribalta
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.,Chemistry Faculty, Barcelona University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Viana
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana López-Lilao
- Institute of Ceramic Technology (ITC)-AICE-Universitat Jaume I, Campus Universitario Riu Sec, Castellón, Spain
| | - Sara Estupiñá
- Institute of Ceramic Technology (ITC)-AICE-Universitat Jaume I, Campus Universitario Riu Sec, Castellón, Spain
| | - Maria Cruz Minguillón
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Mendoza
- Scientific and Technological Centres Barcelona University (CCiTUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Díaz
- Scientific and Technological Centres Barcelona University (CCiTUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dirk Dahmann
- Institute for the Research on Hazardous Substances (IGF), Bochum, Germany
| | - Eliseo Monfort
- Institute of Ceramic Technology (ITC)-AICE-Universitat Jaume I, Campus Universitario Riu Sec, Castellón, Spain
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Parey M, Schmidt E. A Model to Evaluate the Dustiness of Powders and Binary Powder Mixtures. Chem Eng Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201700204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Parey
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Institute of Particle Technology; Rainer-Gruenter-Straße 42097 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Eberhard Schmidt
- Bergische Universität Wuppertal; Institute of Particle Technology; Rainer-Gruenter-Straße 42097 Wuppertal Germany
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López Lilao A, Sanfélix Forner V, Mallol Gasch G, Monfort Gimeno E. Particle size distribution: A key factor in estimating powder dustiness. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2017; 14:975-985. [PMID: 28763288 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2017.1358818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of raw materials, involving more than 20 samples of quartzes, feldspars, nephelines, carbonates, dolomites, sands, zircons, and alumina, were selected and characterised. Dustiness, i.e., a materials' tendency to generate dust on handling, was determined using the continuous drop method. These raw materials were selected to encompass a wide range of particle sizes (1.6-294 µm) and true densities (2650-4680 kg/m3). The dustiness of the raw materials, i.e., their tendency to generate dust on handling, was determined using the continuous drop method. The influence of some key material parameters (particle size distribution, flowability, and specific surface area) on dustiness was assessed. In this regard, dustiness was found to be significantly affected by particle size distribution. Data analysis enabled development of a model for predicting the dustiness of the studied materials, assuming that dustiness depended on the particle fraction susceptible to emission and on the bulk material's susceptibility to release these particles. On the one hand, the developed model allows the dustiness mechanisms to be better understood. In this regard, it may be noted that relative emission increased with mean particle size. However, this did not necessarily imply that dustiness did, because dustiness also depended on the fraction of particles susceptible to be emitted. On the other hand, the developed model enables dustiness to be estimated using just the particle size distribution data. The quality of the fits was quite good and the fact that only particle size distribution data are needed facilitates industrial application, since these data are usually known by raw materials managers, thus making additional tests unnecessary. This model may therefore be deemed a key tool in drawing up efficient preventive and/or corrective measures to reduce dust emissions during bulk powder processing, both inside and outside industrial facilities. It is recommended, however, to use the developed model only if particle size, true density, moisture content, and shape lie within the studied ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana López Lilao
- a Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica , AICE, Universitat Jaume I , Castellón , Spain
| | | | - Gustavo Mallol Gasch
- a Instituto de Tecnología Cerámica , AICE, Universitat Jaume I , Castellón , Spain
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