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Zhang C, Yan Y, Zhang C. Evaluation of imprecision in the different detection methods of Zn based on 5 years of data from an external quality assessment program in China. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 84:127451. [PMID: 38636293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examines the imprecision of zinc (Zn) measurements across various clinical detection methods by analyzing the external quality assessment (EQA) data from 2018 to 2022. The findings of this study aim to offer recommendations for enhancing Zn measurements. METHODS Participating laboratories were grouped into peer categories based on the detection methods. The robust mean and coefficient of variation (CV) of the samples were calculated following ISO 13528 guidelines. The evaluation criteria for optimal, desirable, and minimum allowable imprecision in Zn estimation are 2.50%, 5.05%, and 7.55%, respectively, based on biological variation. Furthermore, the study examined inter-lab CVs, inter-method bias, and the passing rate. The impact of sample concentration on CVs and the pass rate was also investigated. RESULTS Over the past five years, 4283 laboratories participated in the EQA program, showing a high pass rate that improved as sample concentration increased. Differential pulse polarography (DPP) demonstrated stable and low CVs (0.61-1.86%). Although differential pulse stripping (DPS) was less stable than DPP, it still exhibited a low CV (0.71-3.10%). Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) performed similarly and displayed stable CVs (2.39-4.42%) within the acceptable range of desirable imprecision (5.05%). However, the CVs for ICP-MS were unacceptable in three out of the five years (5.28-6.20%). In 2022, the number of participating laboratories for DDP, DPS, GFAAS, FAAS and ICP-MS is 131, 35, 35, 820 and 72, respectively. CONCLUSION This study provides reliable insights into the imprecision of Zn measurements in clinical laboratories. The findings indicate that additional efforts are required to reduce the imprecision of ICP-MS in Zn measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
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Molina-López J, Florea D, Gamarra-Morales Y, Herrera-Quintana L, Vázquez-Lorente H, Hogstrand C, Planells E. Zinc transporters expression profile in professional handball players supplemented with zinc. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 85:127473. [PMID: 38795413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zinc (Zn) deficiency has been described not only on general human health but also within the sports context -as negatively affecting performance-. Thus, Zn status assessment is of great interest for athletes, especially in order to correct deficiency states of this mineral. OBJECTIVE The overall objective of this work was to assess Zn status in professional handball players during the competitive period (through plasma levels, dietary intake and gene expression of the Zn transporters), as well as to determine the effect of Zn supplementation. METHODS A total of twenty-two participants were recruited, -twelve belonged to the Control Group (CG) and ten male handball players comprised the experimental group (ATH-G)-, being monitored over a 2-month period with 2 evaluation moments: baseline (i.e., initial conditions) and follow-up (i.e., after 8 weeks of training and competition). Zn intake, plasma Zn levels, and gene expression of Zn transporters were obtained. RESULTS Plasma Zn levels were higher in ATH-G than in CG at the end of Zn intervention (p ≤ 0.010). Moreover, differences in the gene expression profile of Zn transporters were observed in ATH-G -with the down-regulation of several Zn transporters-, compared to the CG at baseline (p ≤ 0.05). Likewise, differences in the Zn transporters expression were observed in ATH-G at 8 weeks (all, p ≤ 0.001) -with ZnT2, ZnT5, ZIP3, ZIP5, ZIP11, ZIP13 and ZIP14 transporters being up-regulated-. CONCLUSION Handball players seemed to have different nutritional needs for Zn, with differences in the gene expression of Zn transporters compared to controls. Zn intervention in our athletes may have influenced the expression of Zn transporters, indicating a potential increase in Zn transporters expression to mobilize Zn at the cellular level at 8 weeks of Zn intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Molina-López
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva 21007, Spain
| | - Daniela Florea
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, NHS, London EC1 V2PD, United Kingdom
| | - Yenifer Gamarra-Morales
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Lourdes Herrera-Quintana
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Héctor Vázquez-Lorente
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Metal Metabolism Group, Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Elena Planells
- Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
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Toro-Román V, Robles-Gil MC, Muñoz D, Bartolomé I, Grijota FJ, Maynar-Mariño M. Sex differences in cadmium and lead concentrations in different biological matrices in athletes. Relationship with iron status. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104107. [PMID: 36914057 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to analyse sex differences in cadmium and lead concentrations in plasma, urine, platelets and erythrocytes and to relate these concentrations to biomarkers of iron status. METHODS A total of 138 soccer players divided according to sex: men (n = 68) and women (n = 70) participated in the present study. All participants resided in the city of Cáceres (Spain). Erythrocyte, haemoglobin, platelet, plateletcrit, ferritin and serum iron values were determined. Cadmium and lead concentrations were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS The women had lower haemoglobin, erythrocyte, ferritin and serum iron values (p < 0.01). Regarding cadmium, the women showed higher concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes and platelets (p < 0.05). As for lead, they also showed higher concentrations in plasma, relative values of erythrocytes and relative values of platelets (p < 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between cadmium and lead concentrations with biomarkers of iron status. CONCLUSIONS Cadmium and lead concentrations are different between sexes. Biological differences between sexes and iron status could influence cadmium and lead concentrations. Lower serum iron concentrations and markers of Fe status increase Cd and Pb concentrations. Ferritin and serum iron have been directly related to increased Cd and Pb excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Toro-Román
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - María C Robles-Gil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain.
| | - Diego Muñoz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bartolomé
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, C/Henry Collet, 52-70, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisco J Grijota
- Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Nebrija, Campus La Berzosa, Calle del Hostal, Hoyo de Manzanares, 28248 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Maynar-Mariño
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Toro-Román V, Robles-Gil MC, Muñoz D, Bartolomé I, Siquier-Coll J, Maynar-Mariño M. Extracellular and Intracellular Concentrations of Molybdenum and Zinc in Soccer Players: Sex Differences. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121710. [PMID: 36552223 PMCID: PMC9774813 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn) play important roles in the process of adaptation to physical training. The aims of the present study were: (i) to analyze the differences in extracellular (plasma and urine) and intracellular (erythrocytes and platelets) Mo and Zn concentrations between sexes and (ii) to relate extracellular Zn concentrations with biomarkers of muscle damage and muscle mass. The present study involved 138 semi-professional soccer players divided according to sex: male (n = 68) and female (n = 70). Mo and Zn concentrations were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Erythrocytes, platelets, creatine kinase (CK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values were also determined by automatic cell counter and spectrophotometric techniques. There were no sex differences in Mo and Zn intake. Male soccer players obtained higher values of erythrocytes, CK, and LDH (p < 0.05), and showed higher plasma and urinary concentrations of Mo and Zn (p < 0.05). Female soccer players showed relatively higher Zn concentrations in erythrocytes (p < 0.05). Finally, positive correlations were observed between extracellular Zn concentrations with CK, LDH and muscle mass. Extracellular concentrations of Mo and Zn were higher in male soccer players. However, the relative concentrations of Zn in relation to the number of erythrocytes were higher in female soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Toro-Román
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - María Concepción Robles-Gil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Diego Muñoz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ignacio Bartolomé
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, C/Henry Collet, 52-70, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Siquier-Coll
- SER Research Group, Center of Higher Education Alberta Giménez, Comillas Pontifical University, Costa de Saragossa 16, 07013 Palma Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marcos Maynar-Mariño
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
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Grijota FJ, Toro-Román V, Siquier-Coll J, Robles-Gil MC, Muñoz D, Maynar-Mariño M. Total Iron Concentrations in Different Biological Matrices-Influence of Physical Training. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173549. [PMID: 36079807 PMCID: PMC9460040 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is one of the most widely studied trace mineral elements. Fe metabolism and homeostasis could be altered by physical training. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of long-term physical training on serum, plasma, urine (extracellular), erythrocyte and platelet (intracellular) Fe concentrations. Forty men from the same geographical area divided into a training group (TG; n = 20; 18.15 ± 0.27 years) and a control group (CG; n = 20; 19.25 ± 0.39 years) participated in this study. The TG was composed of soccer players of the highest youth category. The CG consisted of young people who did not follow any training routine and had not practiced any sport for at least the previous six months. The TG showed higher plasma and serum Fe concentrations (p < 0.05), but lower concentrations in erythrocytes and platelets compared to the CG (p < 0.01). Due to the differences observed in the extracellular and intracellular compartments, it seems necessary to perform a global Fe analysis to assess Fe status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Grijota
- Faculty of Life and Nature Sciences, University of Nebrija, Campus La Berzosa, Calle del Hostal, 28248 Hoyo de Manzanares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Toro-Román
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-(927)-257-460 (ext. 57833)
| | - Jesús Siquier-Coll
- SER Research Group, Center of Higher Education Alberta Giménez, Comillas Pontifical University, Costa de Saragossa 16, 07013 Palma Mallorca, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - María C Robles-Gil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Diego Muñoz
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
| | - Marcos Maynar-Mariño
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain
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Toro-Román V, Bartolomé I, Siquier-Coll J, Robles-Gil MC, Muñoz D, Maynar-Mariño M. Analysis of Intracellular and Extracellular Selenium Concentrations: Differences According to Training Level. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091857. [PMID: 35565824 PMCID: PMC9102273 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace mineral element concentrations are under homeostatic control. Selenium (Se) is a very important micronutrient for the antioxidant and immune system. Se metabolism could be modified due to physical training. This research aimed to analyze the extracellular (plasma, urine and serum) and intracellular (platelets and erythrocytes) concentrations of Se in athletes and to compare it with subjects with low levels of physical training. Forty young men divided into a control group (CG; n = 20; 19.25 ± 0.39 years) and a training group (TG; n = 20; 18.15 ± 0.27 years) participated in this study. The TG was formed by semi-professional soccer players. The analysis of Se was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The TG obtained higher values of maximum oxygen consumption and muscle percentage (p < 0.05). The TG showed reduced absolute (p < 0.01) and relative (p < 0.05) Se concentrations in erythrocytes and platelets in comparison to CG. Trace element assessments should not be limited only to extracellular compartments as there could be deficiencies at the intracellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Toro-Román
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (V.T.-R.); (I.B.); (M.C.R.-G.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Ignacio Bartolomé
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (V.T.-R.); (I.B.); (M.C.R.-G.); (M.M.-M.)
- Department of Didactics, Faculty of Education, Pontifical University of Salamanca, C/Henry Collet, 52–70, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús Siquier-Coll
- SER Research Group, Center of Higher Education Alberta Giménez (Affiliated to Comillas Pontifical University), 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - María C. Robles-Gil
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (V.T.-R.); (I.B.); (M.C.R.-G.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Diego Muñoz
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (V.T.-R.); (I.B.); (M.C.R.-G.); (M.M.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-927-257-460 (ext. 57833)
| | - Marcos Maynar-Mariño
- School of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (V.T.-R.); (I.B.); (M.C.R.-G.); (M.M.-M.)
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