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Li Z, Wen J, Wu W, Dai Z, Liang X, Zhang N, Cheng Q, Zhang H. Causal relationship and shared genes between air pollutants and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A large-scale genetic analysis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14812. [PMID: 38970158 PMCID: PMC11226412 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Air pollutants have been reported to have a potential relationship with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The causality and underlying mechanism remained unknown despite several existing observational studies. We aimed to investigate the potential causality between air pollutants (PM2.5, NOX, and NO2) and the risk of ALS and elucidate the underlying mechanisms associated with this relationship. METHODS The data utilized in our study were obtained from publicly available genome-wide association study data sets, in which single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were employed as the instrumental variantswith three principles. Two-sample Mendelian randomization and transcriptome-wide association (TWAS) analyses were conducted to evaluate the effects of air pollutants on ALS and identify genes associated with both pollutants and ALS, followed by regulatory network prediction. RESULTS We observed that exposure to a high level of PM2.5 (OR: 2.40 [95% CI: 1.26-4.57], p = 7.46E-3) and NOx (OR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.32-4.17], p = 3.65E-3) genetically increased the incidence of ALS in MR analysis, while the effects of NO2 showed a similar trend but without sufficient significance. In the TWAS analysis, TMEM175 and USP35 turned out to be the genes shared between PM2.5 and ALS in the same direction. CONCLUSION Higher exposure to PM2.5 and NOX might causally increase the risk of ALS. Avoiding exposure to air pollutants and air cleaning might be necessary for ALS prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ziyu Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xisong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Nan Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Wu Q, Wang Z, Chen S, She X, Zhu S, Li P, Liu L, Zhao C, Li K, Liu A, Huang C, Chen Y, Hu F, Wang G, Hu J. USP26 promotes colorectal cancer tumorigenesis by restraining PRKN-mediated mitophagy. Oncogene 2024; 43:1581-1593. [PMID: 38565942 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are promising targets for cancer therapy because of their pivotal roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Among these, ubiquitin-specific peptidase 26 (USP26) is a protease with crucial regulatory functions. Our study sheds light on the upregulation of USP26 in colorectal cancer (CRC), in which its increased expression correlates with an unfavorable prognosis. Herein, we evidenced the role of USP26 in promoting CRC tumorigenesis in a parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (PRKN) protein-dependent manner. Our investigation revealed that USP26 directly interacted with PRKN protein, facilitating its deubiquitination, and subsequently reducing its activity. Additionally, we identified the K129 site on PRKN as a specific target for USP26-mediated deubiquitination. Our research highlights that a K-to-R mutation at the site on PRKN diminishes its potential for activation and ability to mediate mitophagy. In summary, our findings underscore the significance of USP26-mediated deubiquitination in restraining the activation of the PRKN-mediated mitophagy pathway, ultimately driving CRC tumorigenesis. This study not only elucidated the multifaceted role of USP26 in CRC but also introduced a promising avenue for therapeutic exploration through the development of small molecule inhibitors targeting USP26. This strategy holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaowei She
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shengyu Zhu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pengcheng Li
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lang Liu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chongchong Zhao
- The HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Kangdi Li
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Anyi Liu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Changsheng Huang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yaqi Chen
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fuqing Hu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Guihua Wang
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Junbo Hu
- GI Cancer Research Institute, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Young MJ, Wang SA, Chen YC, Liu CY, Hsu KC, Tang SW, Tseng YL, Wang YC, Lin SM, Hung JJ. USP24-i-101 targeting of USP24 activates autophagy to inhibit drug resistance acquired during cancer therapy. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:574-591. [PMID: 38491202 PMCID: PMC11093971 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance in cancer therapy is the major reason for poor prognosis. Addressing this clinically unmet issue is important and urgent. In this study, we found that targeting USP24 by the specific USP24 inhibitors, USP24-i and its analogues, dramatically activated autophagy in the interphase and mitotic periods of lung cancer cells by inhibiting E2F4 and TRAF6, respectively. USP24 functional knockout, USP24C1695A, or targeting USP24 by USP24-i-101 inhibited drug resistance and activated autophagy in gefitinib-induced drug-resistant mice with doxycycline-induced EGFRL858R lung cancer, but this effect was abolished after inhibition of autophagy, indicating that targeting USP24-mediated induction of autophagy is required for inhibition of drug resistance. Genomic instability and PD-L1 levels were increased in drug resistant lung cancer cells and were inhibited by USP24-i-101 treatment or knockdown of USP24. In addition, inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin-A1 significantly abolished the effect of USP24-i-101 on maintaining genomic integrity, decreasing PD-L1 and inhibiting drug resistance acquired in chemotherapy or targeted therapy. In summary, an increase in the expression of USP24 in cancer cells is beneficial for the induction of drug resistance and targeting USP24 by USP24-i-101 optimized from USP24-i inhibits drug resistance acquired during cancer therapy by increasing PD-L1 protein degradation and genomic stability in an autophagy induction-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jer Young
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shao-An Wang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ching Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Liu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Wei Tang
- National Tainan First Senior High School, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Lin Tseng
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Lin
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Jong Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Pokharel MD, Garcia-Flores A, Marciano D, Franco MC, Fineman JR, Aggarwal S, Wang T, Black SM. Mitochondrial network dynamics in pulmonary disease: Bridging the gap between inflammation, oxidative stress, and bioenergetics. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103049. [PMID: 38295575 PMCID: PMC10844980 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Once thought of in terms of bioenergetics, mitochondria are now widely accepted as both the orchestrator of cellular health and the gatekeeper of cell death. The pulmonary disease field has performed extensive efforts to explore the role of mitochondria in regulating inflammation, cellular metabolism, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. However, a critical component of these processes needs to be more studied: mitochondrial network dynamics. Mitochondria morphologically change in response to their environment to regulate these processes through fusion, fission, and mitophagy. This allows mitochondria to adapt their function to respond to cellular requirements, a critical component in maintaining cellular homeostasis. For that reason, mitochondrial network dynamics can be considered a bridge that brings multiple cellular processes together, revealing a potential pathway for therapeutic intervention. In this review, we discuss the critical modulators of mitochondrial dynamics and how they are affected in pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), acute lung injury (ALI), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). A dysregulated mitochondrial network plays a crucial role in lung disease pathobiology, and aberrant fission/fusion/mitophagy pathways are druggable processes that warrant further exploration. Thus, we also discuss the candidates for lung disease therapeutics that regulate mitochondrial network dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa D Pokharel
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Flores
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA
| | - David Marciano
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Maria C Franco
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Saurabh Aggarwal
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987-2352, USA; Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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5
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Cao H, Zhou X, Xu B, Hu H, Guo J, Wang M, Li N, Jun Z. Advances in the study of mitophagy in osteoarthritis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:197-211. [PMID: 38453635 PMCID: PMC10918408 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by cartilage degeneration, synovial inflammation, and subchondral bone remodeling, is among the most common musculoskeletal disorders globally in people over 60 years of age. The initiation and progression of OA involves the abnormal metabolism of chondrocytes as an important pathogenic process. Cartilage degeneration features mitochondrial dysfunction as one of the important causative factors of abnormal chondrocyte metabolism. Therefore, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is an important strategy to mitigate OA. Mitophagy is a vital process for autophagosomes to target, engulf, and remove damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria, thereby maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Cumulative studies have revealed a strong association between mitophagy and OA, suggesting that the regulation of mitophagy may be a novel therapeutic direction for OA. By reviewing the literature on mitophagy and OA published in recent years, this paper elaborates the potential mechanism of mitophagy regulating OA, thus providing a theoretical basis for studies related to mitophagy to develop new treatment options for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Cao
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuchang Zhou
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Han Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Nan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Zou Jun
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Okarmus J, Agergaard JB, Stummann TC, Haukedal H, Ambjørn M, Freude KK, Fog K, Meyer M. USP30 inhibition induces mitophagy and reduces oxidative stress in parkin-deficient human neurons. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:52. [PMID: 38225227 PMCID: PMC10789816 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins plays an important role in the cellular regulation of mitophagy. The E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin (encoded by PARK2) and the ubiquitin-specific protease 30 (USP30) have both been reported to regulate the ubiquitination of outer mitochondrial proteins and thereby mitophagy. Loss of E3 ligase activity is thought to be pathogenic in both sporadic and inherited Parkinson's disease (PD), with loss-of-function mutations in PARK2 being the most frequent cause of autosomal recessive PD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether mitophagy induced by USP30 inhibition provides a functional rescue in isogenic human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived dopaminergic neurons with and without PARK2 knockout (KO). Our data show that healthy neurons responded to CCCP-induced mitochondrial damage by clearing the impaired mitochondria and that this process was accelerated by USP30 inhibition. Parkin-deficient neurons showed an impaired mitophagic response to the CCCP challenge, although mitochondrial ubiquitination was enhanced. USP30 inhibition promoted mitophagy in PARK2 KO neurons, independently of whether left in basal conditions or treated with CCCP. In PARK2 KO, as in control neurons, USP30 inhibition balanced oxidative stress levels by reducing excessive production of reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, non-dopaminergic neurons were the main driver of the beneficial effects of USP30 inhibition. Our findings demonstrate that USP30 inhibition is a promising approach to boost mitophagy and improve cellular health, also in parkin-deficient cells, and support the potential relevance of USP30 inhibitors as a novel therapeutic approach in diseases with a need to combat neuronal stress mediated by impaired mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Okarmus
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jette Bach Agergaard
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Tina C Stummann
- Neuroscience, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
| | - Henriette Haukedal
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 7, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Malene Ambjørn
- Neuroscience, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
| | - Kristine K Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegaardsvej 7, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Karina Fog
- Neuroscience, H. Lundbeck A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500, Valby, Denmark
| | - Morten Meyer
- Department of Neurobiology Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 21, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, J.B. Winsløws Vej 4, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
- BRIDGE-Brain Research Inter-Disciplinary Guided Excellence, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winsløws Vej 19, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
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7
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Liu Y, Yao C, Sheng B, Zhi S, Chen X, Ding P, Zhang J, Tao Z, Li W, Zhuang Z, Mao J, Peng Z, Yan H, Jin W. Inhibition of USP30 Promotes Mitophagy by Regulating Ubiquitination of MFN2 by Parkin to Attenuate Early Brain Injury After SAH. Transl Stroke Res 2023:10.1007/s12975-023-01228-3. [PMID: 38147294 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a type of stroke with a high disability and mortality rate. Apoptosis caused by massive damage to mitochondria in neuron cells and inflammatory responses caused by high extracellular ATP lead to poor outcomes. USP30 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that inhibits mitophagy, resulting in a failure to remove damaged mitochondria in a timely manner after SAH; nevertheless, the pathway through which USP30 inhibits mitophagy is unknown. This study evaluated the neuroprotective role and possible molecular basis by which inhibiting USP30 to attenuate SAH-induced EBI by promoting neuronal mitophagy. We used an in vitro model of hemoglobin exposure and an in vivo model of intravascular perforation. Increased expression of USP30 was found after SAH in vivo and in vitro, and USP30 inhibition expression in SAH mice treated with MF094 resulted in significant improvement of neurological injury and inflammatory response and mediated good outcomes, suggesting a neuroprotective effect of USP30 inhibition. In cultured neurons, inhibition of USP30 promoted ubiquitination modification of mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (MFN2) by E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin), separating damaged mitochondria from the healthy mitochondrial network and prompting mitophagy, causing early clearance of damaged intracellular mitochondria, and reducing the onset of apoptosis. The high extracellular ATP environment was meliorated, reversing the conversion of microglia to a pro-inflammatory phenotype and reducing inflammatory injury. USP30 inhibition had no autophagy-promoting effect on structurally and functionally sound mitochondria and did not inhibit normal intracellular ATP production. The findings suggest that USP30 inhibition has a neuroprotective effect after SAH by promoting early mitophagy after SAH to clear damaged mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenbei Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Simin Zhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangxin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengfei Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiatong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhennan Tao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zong Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiannan Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huiying Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
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Ren J, Yu P, Liu S, Li R, Niu X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Zhou F, Zhang L. Deubiquitylating Enzymes in Cancer and Immunity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303807. [PMID: 37888853 PMCID: PMC10754134 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) maintain relative homeostasis of the cellular ubiquitome by removing the post-translational modification ubiquitin moiety from substrates. Numerous DUBs have been demonstrated specificity for cleaving a certain type of ubiquitin linkage or positions within ubiquitin chains. Moreover, several DUBs perform functions through specific protein-protein interactions in a catalytically independent manner, which further expands the versatility and complexity of DUBs' functions. Dysregulation of DUBs disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of ubiquitome and causes various diseases, especially cancer and immune disorders. This review summarizes the Janus-faced roles of DUBs in cancer including proteasomal degradation, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumor metastasis, as well as in immunity involving innate immune receptor signaling and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The prospects and challenges for the clinical development of DUB inhibitors are further discussed. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the multi-faced roles of DUBs in cancer and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ren
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Peng Yu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug DiscoveryShanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesZhongshanGuangdongP. R. China
| | - Sijia Liu
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Tumor of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou310058China
| | - Ran Li
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Xin Niu
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan450003P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Long Zhang
- The Eighth Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhen518033P. R. China
- International Biomed‐X Research CenterSecond Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouP. R. China
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling NetworkLife Sciences InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310058P. R. China
- Cancer CenterZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310058P. R. China
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9
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Fang TSZ, Sun Y, Pearce AC, Eleuteri S, Kemp M, Luckhurst CA, Williams R, Mills R, Almond S, Burzynski L, Márkus NM, Lelliott CJ, Karp NA, Adams DJ, Jackson SP, Zhao JF, Ganley IG, Thompson PW, Balmus G, Simon DK. Knockout or inhibition of USP30 protects dopaminergic neurons in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7295. [PMID: 37957154 PMCID: PMC10643470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in SNCA, the gene encoding α-synuclein (αSyn), cause familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and aberrant αSyn is a key pathological hallmark of idiopathic PD. This α-synucleinopathy leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, which may drive dopaminergic neurodegeneration. PARKIN and PINK1, mutated in autosomal recessive PD, regulate the preferential autophagic clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria ("mitophagy") by inducing ubiquitylation of mitochondrial proteins, a process counteracted by deubiquitylation via USP30. Here we show that loss of USP30 in Usp30 knockout mice protects against behavioral deficits and leads to increased mitophagy, decreased phospho-S129 αSyn, and attenuation of SN dopaminergic neuronal loss induced by αSyn. These observations were recapitulated with a potent, selective, brain-penetrant USP30 inhibitor, MTX115325, with good drug-like properties. These data strongly support further study of USP30 inhibition as a potential disease-modifying therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy-Shi Zhang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yu Sun
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Andrew C Pearce
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd. Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Simona Eleuteri
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Kemp
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd. Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Christopher A Luckhurst
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd. Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Rachel Williams
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd. Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Ross Mills
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd. Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Sarah Almond
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd. Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Laura Burzynski
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd. Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK
| | - Nóra M Márkus
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd. Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK
| | | | | | | | - Stephen P Jackson
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd. Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QN, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Jin-Feng Zhao
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Ian G Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Paul W Thompson
- Mission Therapeutics Ltd. Glenn Berge Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3FH, UK.
| | - Gabriel Balmus
- UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Cambridge and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Transylvanian Institute of Neuroscience, 400191, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - David K Simon
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Titus AS, Sung EA, Zablocki D, Sadoshima J. Mitophagy for cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:42. [PMID: 37798455 PMCID: PMC10556134 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is maintained by several strictly coordinated mechanisms, collectively termed mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, including fusion and fission, degradation, and biogenesis. As the primary source of energy in cardiomyocytes, mitochondria are the central organelle for maintaining cardiac function. Since adult cardiomyocytes in humans rarely divide, the number of dysfunctional mitochondria cannot easily be diluted through cell division. Thus, efficient degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria is crucial to maintaining cellular function. Mitophagy, a mitochondria specific form of autophagy, is a major mechanism by which damaged or unnecessary mitochondria are targeted and eliminated. Mitophagy is active in cardiomyocytes at baseline and in response to stress, and plays an essential role in maintaining the quality of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. Mitophagy is mediated through multiple mechanisms in the heart, and each of these mechanisms can partially compensate for the loss of another mechanism. However, insufficient levels of mitophagy eventually lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of heart failure. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy in the heart and the role of mitophagy in cardiac pathophysiology, with the focus on recent findings in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Sam Titus
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Sung
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Daniela Zablocki
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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11
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Godtliebsen G, Larsen KB, Bhujabal Z, Opstad IS, Nager M, Punnakkal AR, Kalstad TB, Olsen R, Lund T, Prasad DK, Agarwal K, Myrmel T, Birgisdottir AB. High-resolution visualization and assessment of basal and OXPHOS-induced mitophagy in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts. Autophagy 2023; 19:2769-2788. [PMID: 37405374 PMCID: PMC10472865 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2230837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are susceptible to damage resulting from their activity as energy providers. Damaged mitochondria can cause harm to the cell and thus mitochondria are subjected to elaborate quality-control mechanisms including elimination via lysosomal degradation in a process termed mitophagy. Basal mitophagy is a house-keeping mechanism fine-tuning the number of mitochondria according to the metabolic state of the cell. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying basal mitophagy remain largely elusive. In this study, we visualized and assessed the level of mitophagy in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts at basal conditions and after OXPHOS induction by galactose adaptation. We used cells with a stable expression of a pH-sensitive fluorescent mitochondrial reporter and applied state-of-the-art imaging techniques and image analysis. Our data showed a significant increase in acidic mitochondria after galactose adaptation. Using a machine-learning approach we also demonstrated increased mitochondrial fragmentation by OXPHOS induction. Furthermore, super-resolution microscopy of live cells enabled capturing of mitochondrial fragments within lysosomes as well as dynamic transfer of mitochondrial contents to lysosomes. Applying correlative light and electron microscopy we revealed the ultrastructure of the acidic mitochondria confirming their proximity to the mitochondrial network, ER and lysosomes. Finally, exploiting siRNA knockdown strategy combined with flux perturbation with lysosomal inhibitors, we demonstrated the importance of both canonical as well as non-canonical autophagy mediators in lysosomal degradation of mitochondria after OXPHOS induction. Taken together, our high-resolution imaging approaches applied on H9c2 cells provide novel insights on mitophagy during physiologically relevant conditions. The implication of redundant underlying mechanisms highlights the fundamental importance of mitophagy.Abbreviations: ATG: autophagy related; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CLEM: correlative light and electron microscopy; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PepA: pepstatin A; PLA: proximity ligation assay; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; RAB5A: RAB5A, member RAS oncogene family; RAB7A: RAB7A, member RAS oncogene family; RAB9A: RAB9A, member RAS oncogene family; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SIM: structured illumination microscopy; siRNA: short interfering RNA; SYNJ2BP: synaptojanin 2 binding protein; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; ULK1: unc-51 like kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Godtliebsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kenneth Bowitz Larsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Zambarlal Bhujabal
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ida S. Opstad
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mireia Nager
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Trine B. Kalstad
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Randi Olsen
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trine Lund
- Department of Medical Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dilip K. Prasad
- Department of Computer Science, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Krishna Agarwal
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Truls Myrmel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Asa Birna Birgisdottir
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Medicine, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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12
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Wang S, Long H, Hou L, Feng B, Ma Z, Wu Y, Zeng Y, Cai J, Zhang DW, Zhao G. The mitophagy pathway and its implications in human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:304. [PMID: 37582956 PMCID: PMC10427715 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01503-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles with multiple functions. They participate in necrotic cell death and programmed apoptotic, and are crucial for cell metabolism and survival. Mitophagy serves as a cytoprotective mechanism to remove superfluous or dysfunctional mitochondria and maintain mitochondrial fine-tuning numbers to balance intracellular homeostasis. Growing evidences show that mitophagy, as an acute tissue stress response, plays an important role in maintaining the health of the mitochondrial network. Since the timely removal of abnormal mitochondria is essential for cell survival, cells have evolved a variety of mitophagy pathways to ensure that mitophagy can be activated in time under various environments. A better understanding of the mechanism of mitophagy in various diseases is crucial for the treatment of diseases and therapeutic target design. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy-mediated mitochondrial elimination, how mitophagy maintains mitochondrial homeostasis at the system levels and organ, and what alterations in mitophagy are related to the development of diseases, including neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, renal disease, etc., in recent advances. Finally, we summarize the potential clinical applications and outline the conditions for mitophagy regulators to enter clinical trials. Research advances in signaling transduction of mitophagy will have an important role in developing new therapeutic strategies for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouliang Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Haijiao Long
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
- Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lianjie Hou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Baorong Feng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihong Ma
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Wu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahao Cai
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids and Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Guojun Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan City People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China.
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13
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Dong Y, Zhuang XX, Wang YT, Tan J, Feng D, Li M, Zhong Q, Song Z, Shen HM, Fang EF, Lu JH. Chemical mitophagy modulators: Drug development strategies and novel regulatory mechanisms. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106835. [PMID: 37348691 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is a potential therapeutic strategy for various diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. Selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) is a fundamental mitochondrial quality control mechanism conserved from yeast to humans. Indeed, small-molecule modulators of mitophagy are valuable pharmaceutical tools that can be used to dissect complex biological processes and turn them into potential drugs. In the past few years, pharmacological regulation of mitophagy has shown promising therapeutic efficacy in various disease models. However, with the increasing number of chemical mitophagy modulator studies, frequent methodological flaws can be observed, leading some studies to draw unreliable or misleading conclusions. This review attempts (a) to summarize the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy; (b) to propose a Mitophagy Modulator Characterization System (MMCS); (c) to perform a comprehensive analysis of methods used to characterize mitophagy modulators, covering publications over the past 20 years; (d) to provide novel targets for pharmacological intervention of mitophagy. We believe this review will provide a panorama of current research on chemical mitophagy modulators and promote the development of safe and robust mitophagy modulators with therapeutic potential by introducing high methodological standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Xu-Xu Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Jieqiong Tan
- Center for medical genetics, Central South University, Changsha 410031, Hunan, China
| | - Du Feng
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Mr. & Mrs. Ko Chi-Ming Centre for Parkinson's Disease Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Qing Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zhiyin Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ministry of Education Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, 999078, Macau
| | - Evandro F Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jia-Hong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, 999078, Macau.
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14
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Wu Y, Hu Q, Cheng H, Yu J, Gao L, Gao G. USP30 impairs mitochondrial quality control and aggravates oxidative damage after traumatic brain injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 671:58-66. [PMID: 37300943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Clinical progress in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is hindered by the poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie secondary brain injury (SBI). USP30, a mitochondrial deubiquitinase, has been implicated in the pathological progress of various diseases. However, the precise role of USP30 in TBI-induced SBI remains unclear. In this study, we found that USP30 was differentially upregulated after TBI in humans and mice. Immunofluorescence staining further revealed that the enhanced USP30 mainly localized in neurons. Neuron-specific knockout of USP30 reduced lesion volumes, mitigated brain edema, and attenuated neurological deficits after TBI in mice. Additionally, we found that USP30 deficiency effectively suppressed oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in TBI. Those protective effects of USP30 loss may be attributed, at least partially, to the reduction of TBI-induced impairment of mitochondrial quality control, including mitochondrial dynamics, function, and mitophagy. Collectively, our findings identify a previously undisclosed role of USP30 in the pathophysiology of TBI and lay a preliminary foundation for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710038, China; Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050000, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710038, China
| | - Hongbo Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050000, China
| | - Jiegang Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, 050000, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710038, China.
| | - Guodong Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi province, 710038, China.
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15
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Zhang Y, Weng J, Huan L, Sheng S, Xu F. Mitophagy in atherosclerosis: from mechanism to therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1165507. [PMID: 37261351 PMCID: PMC10228545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1165507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a type of autophagy that can selectively eliminate damaged and depolarized mitochondria to maintain mitochondrial activity and cellular homeostasis. Several pathways have been found to participate in different steps of mitophagy. Mitophagy plays a significant role in the homeostasis and physiological function of vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages, and is involved in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). At present, many medications and natural chemicals have been shown to alter mitophagy and slow the progression of AS. This review serves as an introduction to the field of mitophagy for researchers interested in targeting this pathway as part of a potential AS management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Weng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Luyao Huan
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Song Sheng
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengqin Xu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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16
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Liang XW, Wang SZ, Liu B, Chen JC, Cao Z, Chu FR, Lin X, Liu H, Wu JC. A review of deubiquitinases and thier roles in tumorigenesis and development. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1204472. [PMID: 37251574 PMCID: PMC10213685 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1204472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin is a small protein that can be added onto target protein for inducing target degradation, thereby modulating the activity and stability of protein. Relatively, deubiquitinases (DUBs), a class catalase that can remove ubiquitin from substrate protein, provide a positive regulation of the protein amount at transcription level, post-translational modification, protein interaction, etc. The reversible and dynamic ubiquitination-deubiquitination process plays an essential role in maintaining protein homeostasis, which is critical to almost all the biological processes. Therefore, the metabolic dysregulation of deubiquitinases often lead to serious consequences, including the growth and metastasis of tumors. Accordingly, deubiquitinases can be served as key drug targets for the treatment of tumors. The small molecule inhibitors targeting deubiquitinases has become one of the hot spots of anti-tumor drug research areas. This review concentrated on the function and mechanism of deubiquitinase system in the proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis and autophagy of tumor cells. The research status of small molecule inhibitors of specific deubiquitinases in tumor treatment is introduced, aiming to provide reference for the development of clinical targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Wen Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Feng-Ran Chu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Xiong Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Jin-Cai Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
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17
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Themistokleous C, Bagnoli E, Parulekar R, M K Muqit M. Role of autophagy pathway in Parkinson's disease and related Genetic Neurological disorders. J Mol Biol 2023:168144. [PMID: 37182812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of the function of the PINK1 protein kinase and Parkin ubiquitin E3 ligase in the elimination of damaged mitochondria by autophagy (mitophagy) has provided unprecedented understanding of the mechanistic pathways underlying Parkinson's disease (PD). We provide a comprehensive overview of the general importance of autophagy in Parkinson's disease and related disorders of the central nervous system. This reveals a critical link between autophagy and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders and suggests that strategies to modulate mitophagy may have greater relevance in the CNS beyond PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Themistokleous
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Enrico Bagnoli
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Ramaa Parulekar
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Miratul M K Muqit
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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18
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Park J, Shin SC, Jin KS, Lim MJ, Kim Y, Kim EE, Song EJ. USP35 dimer prevents its degradation by E3 ligase CHIP through auto-deubiquitinating activity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:112. [PMID: 37004621 PMCID: PMC11073304 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a number of reports on the importance of USP35 in cancer have been published. However, very little is known about the exact mechanism by which USP35 activity is regulated. Here, we show the possible regulation of USP35 activity and the structural specificity affecting its function by analyzing various fragments of USP35. Interestingly, the catalytic domain of USP35 alone does not exhibit deubiquitinating activity; in contrast, the C-terminal domain and insertion region in the catalytic domain is required for full USP35 activity. Additionally, through its C-terminal domain, USP35 forms a homodimer that prevents USP35 degradation. CHIP bound to HSP90 interacts with and ubiquitinates USP35. However, when fully functional USP35 undergoes auto-deubiquitination, which attenuates CHIP-mediated ubiquitination. Finally, USP35 dimer is required for deubiquitination of the substrate Aurora B and regulation of faithful mitotic progression. The properties of USP35 identified in this study are a unique homodimer structure, regulation of deubiquitinating activity through this, and utilization of a novel E3 ligase involved in USP35 auto-deubiquitination, which adds another complexity to the regulation of deubiquitinating enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyoung Park
- Biomedical Research Division, Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Division of Bio‑Medical Science and Technology, KIST‑School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Shin
- Research Resources Division, Technological Convergence Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Kyeong Sik Jin
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, Kyungbuk, Korea
| | - Min Joon Lim
- Biomedical Research Division, Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Yeojin Kim
- Biomedical Research Division, Center for Advanced Biomolecular Recognition, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Biomedical Research Division, Medicinal Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea.
| | - Eun Joo Song
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Korea.
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19
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Ke PY. Crosstalk between Autophagy and RLR Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060956. [PMID: 36980296 PMCID: PMC10047499 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays a homeostatic role in regulating cellular metabolism by degrading unwanted intracellular materials and acts as a host defense mechanism by eliminating infecting pathogens, such as viruses. Upon viral infection, host cells often activate retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptor (RLR) signaling to induce the transcription of type I interferons, thus establishing the first line of the innate antiviral response. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that virus-mediated autophagy activation may benefit viral replication through different actions on host cellular processes, including the modulation of RLR-mediated innate immunity. Here, an overview of the functional molecules and regulatory mechanism of the RLR antiviral immune response as well as autophagy is presented. Moreover, a summary of the current knowledge on the biological role of autophagy in regulating RLR antiviral signaling is provided. The molecular mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between autophagy and RLR innate immunity are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
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20
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Alim Al-Bari A, Ito Y, Thomes PG, Menon MB, García-Macia M, Fadel R, Stadlin A, Peake N, Faris ME, Eid N, Klionsky DJ. Emerging mechanistic insights of selective autophagy in hepatic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1149809. [PMID: 37007026 PMCID: PMC10060854 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1149809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), a highly conserved metabolic process, regulates cellular homeostasis by degrading dysfunctional cytosolic constituents and invading pathogens via the lysosomal system. In addition, autophagy selectively recycles specific organelles such as damaged mitochondria (via mitophagy), and lipid droplets (LDs; via lipophagy) or eliminates specialized intracellular pathogenic microorganisms such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) and coronaviruses (via virophagy). Selective autophagy, particularly mitophagy, plays a key role in the preservation of healthy liver physiology, and its dysfunction is connected to the pathogenesis of a wide variety of liver diseases. For example, lipophagy has emerged as a defensive mechanism against chronic liver diseases. There is a prominent role for mitophagy and lipophagy in hepatic pathologies including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and drug-induced liver injury. Moreover, these selective autophagy pathways including virophagy are being investigated in the context of viral hepatitis and, more recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated hepatic pathologies. The interplay between diverse types of selective autophagy and its impact on liver diseases is briefly addressed. Thus, modulating selective autophagy (e.g., mitophagy) would seem to be effective in improving liver diseases. Considering the prominence of selective autophagy in liver physiology, this review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and functions of selective autophagy (mainly mitophagy and lipophagy) in liver physiology and pathophysiology. This may help in finding therapeutic interventions targeting hepatic diseases via manipulation of selective autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Alim Al-Bari
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Yuko Ito
- Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paul G. Thomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Manoj B. Menon
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Marina García-Macia
- Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raouf Fadel
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Al Manama, Bahrain
| | - Alfreda Stadlin
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Ajman university, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nicholas Peake
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - MoezAlIslam Ezzat Faris
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nabil Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Human Biology, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Nabil Eid,
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of MI, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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21
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Liu X, Guo C, Zhang Q. Novel insights into the involvement of mitochondrial fission/fusion in heart failure: From molecular mechanisms to targeted therapies. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:133-144. [PMID: 36652120 PMCID: PMC10050249 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that alter their morphology through fission (fragmentation) and fusion (elongation). These morphological changes correlate highly with mitochondrial functional adaptations to stressors, such as hypoxia, pressure overload, and inflammation, and are important in the setting of heart failure. Pathological mitochondrial remodeling, characterized by increased fission and reduced fusion, is associated with impaired mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, abnormal cytoplasmic calcium handling, and increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Considering the impact of the mitochondrial morphology on mitochondrial behavior and cardiomyocyte performance, altered mitochondrial dynamics could be expected to induce or exacerbate the pathogenesis and progression of heart failure. However, whether alterations in mitochondrial fission and fusion accelerate or retard the progression of heart failure has been the subject of intense debate. In this review, we first describe the physiological processes and regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial fission and fusion. Then, we extensively discuss the pathological contributions of mitochondrial fission and fusion to heart failure. Lastly, we examine potential therapeutic approaches targeting mitochondrial fission/fusion to treat patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Liu
- Department of First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chenchen Guo
- Neck, Shoulder, Waist and Leg Pain Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Department of First College of Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.
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22
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Li J, Wang J, Pan T, Zhou X, Yang H, Wang L, Huang G, Dai C, Yang B, Zhang B, Zhao Y, Lan P, Chen Z. USP25 deficiency promotes T cell dysfunction and transplant acceptance via mitochondrial dynamics. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109917. [PMID: 36822087 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During organ transplantation, pharmacologic drugs targeting T cell activation signal to inhibit T cell-mediated allo-rejection are insufficient and not durable to suppress chronic rejection. Recent advances highlight an exhausted or dysfunctional status of T cells, which favor transplant acceptance. METHODS The models of MHC-mismatched (BALB/c to C57BL/6 or USP25 KO mice) heterotopic heart transplantation and skin transplantation were utilized to evaluate the regulatory effects of ubiquitin-specific protease 25(USP25) deficiency in vivo. The consequences of USP25 deficiency on murine T-cell proliferation, activation, cytokine secretion, mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and energy metabolism were investigated in vitro. The signaling pathway of T cells in knock out mice was detected by Western blotting and Co-IP. RESULTS We found T cells were dysfunctional inUSP25KO mice. Due to T cell dysfunction, skin and heart graft had a longer survival. In these dysfunctional T cells, mitochondria number and cristae condensation were decreased. Impaired mitochondrial mass and function favored to allo-graft acceptance. Furthermore, USP25 interacted with ATP5A and ATP5B to promote their stability. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that USP25 is a potential target to induce T cell dysfunction and allo-graft tolerance. And USP25 mediated mitochondrial homeostasis may contribute to reverse T cell exhaustion or dysfunction in tumor and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingzeng Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianhui Pan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Huifang Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Guobin Huang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Dai
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Peixiang Lan
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zhishui Chen
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China.
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23
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Connelly EM, Frankel KS, Shaw GS. Parkin and mitochondrial signalling. Cell Signal 2023; 106:110631. [PMID: 36803775 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging, toxic chemicals and changes to the cellular environment are sources of oxidative damage to mitochondria which contribute to neurodegenerative conditions including Parkinson's disease. To counteract this, cells have developed signalling mechanisms to identify and remove select proteins and unhealthy mitochondria to maintain homeostasis. Two important proteins that work in concert to control mitochondrial damage are the protein kinase PINK1 and the E3 ligase parkin. In response to oxidative stress, PINK1 phosphorylates ubiquitin present on proteins at the mitochondrial surface. This signals the translocation of parkin, accelerates further phosphorylation, and stimulates ubiquitination of outer mitochondrial membrane proteins such as Miro1/2 and Mfn1/2. The ubiquitination of these proteins is the key step needed to target them for degradation via the 26S proteasomal machinery or eliminate the entire organelle through mitophagy. This review highlights the signalling mechanisms used by PINK1 and parkin and presents several outstanding questions yet to be resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Connelly
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Karling S Frankel
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Gary S Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada.
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24
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Role of Deubiquitinases in Parkinson's Disease-Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040651. [PMID: 36831318 PMCID: PMC9954239 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and defects in mitophagy as well as α-synuclein-positive inclusions, termed Lewy bodies (LBs), which are a common pathological hallmark in PD. Mitophagy is a process that maintains cellular health by eliminating dysfunctional mitochondria, and it is triggered by ubiquitination of mitochondrial-associated proteins-e.g., through the PINK1/Parkin pathway-which results in engulfment by the autophagosome and degradation in lysosomes. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) can regulate this process at several levels by deubiquitinating mitochondrial substrates and other targets in the mitophagic pathway, such as Parkin. Moreover, DUBs can affect α-synuclein aggregation through regulation of degradative pathways, deubiquitination of α-synuclein itself, and/or via co-localization with α-synuclein in inclusions. DUBs with a known association to PD are described in this paper, along with their function. Of interest, DUBs could be useful as novel therapeutic targets against PD through regulation of PD-associated defects.
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25
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Mishra E, Thakur MK. Mitophagy: A promising therapeutic target for neuroprotection during ageing and age-related diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1542-1561. [PMID: 36792062 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and mitochondria-mediated signalling pathways are known to control synaptic signalling, as well as long-lasting changes in neuronal structure and function. Mitochondrial impairment is linked to synaptic dysfunction in normal ageing and age-associated neurodegenerative ailments, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both proteolysis and mitophagy perform a major role in neuroprotection, by maintaining a healthy mitochondrial population during ageing. Mitophagy, a highly evolutionarily conserved cellular process, helps in the clearance of damaged mitochondria and thereby maintains the mitochondrial and metabolic balance, energy supply, neuronal survival and neuronal health. Besides the maintenance of brain homeostasis, hippocampal mitophagy also helps in synapse formation, axonal development, dopamine release and long-term depression. In contrast, defective mitophagy contributes to ageing and age-related neurodegeneration by promoting the accumulation of damaged mitochondria leading to cellular dysfunction. Exercise, stress management, maintaining healthy mitochondrial dynamics and administering natural or synthetic pharmacological compounds are some of the strategies used for neuroprotection during ageing and age-related neurological diseases. The current review discusses the impact of defective mitophagy in ageing and age-associated neurodegenerative conditions, the underlying molecular pathways and potential therapies based on recently elucidated mitophagy-inducing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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26
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Autophagy/Mitophagy Regulated by Ubiquitination: A Promising Pathway in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041112. [PMID: 36831455 PMCID: PMC9954143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is essential for organismal development, maintenance of energy homeostasis, and quality control of organelles and proteins. As a selective form of autophagy, mitophagy is necessary for effectively eliminating dysfunctional mitochondria. Both autophagy and mitophagy are linked with tumor progression and inhibition. The regulation of mitophagy and autophagy depend upon tumor type and stage. In tumors, mitophagy has dual roles: it removes damaged mitochondria to maintain healthy mitochondria and energy production, which are necessary for tumor growth. In contrast, mitophagy has been shown to inhibit tumor growth by mitigating excessive ROS production, thus preventing mutation and chromosomal instability. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination are important modifications that regulate autophagy. Multiple E3 ubiquitin ligases and DUBs modulate the activity of the autophagy and mitophagy machinery, thereby influencing cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the mechanistic association between cancer development and autophagy/mitophagy activities regulated by the ubiquitin modification of autophagic proteins. In addition, we discuss the function of multiple proteins involved in autophagy/mitophagy in tumors that may represent potential therapeutic targets.
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27
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Li J, Yang D, Li Z, Zhao M, Wang D, Sun Z, Wen P, Dai Y, Gou F, Ji Y, Zhao D, Yang L. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101817. [PMID: 36503124 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play key roles in bioenergetics, metabolism, and signaling; therefore, stable mitochondrial function is essential for cell survival, particularly in energy-intensive neuronal cells. In neurodegenerative diseases, damaged mitochondria accumulate in neurons causing associated bioenergetics deficiency, impaired cell signaling, defective cytoplasmic calcium buffering, and other pathological changes. Mitochondrial quality control is an important mechanism to ensure the maintenance of mitochondrial health, homeostasis, and mitophagy, the latter of which is a pathway that delivers defective mitochondria to the lysosome for degradation. Defective mitophagy is thought to be responsible for the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which leads to cellular dysfunction and/or death in neurodegenerative diseases. PINK1/Parkin mainly regulates ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy, which is crucial for many aspects of mitochondrial physiology, particularly the initiation of autophagic mechanisms. Therefore, in the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of the conventional mitophagy pathway, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying mitophagy dysregulation in prion disease and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, especially in relation to the PINK1/Parkin pathway. Moreover, we list the inducers of mitophagy that possess neuroprotective effects, in addition to their mechanisms related to the PINK1/Parkin pathway. These mechanisms may provide potential interventions centered on the regulation of mitophagy and offer therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongming Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyang Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Sun
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Wen
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Dai
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengting Gou
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilan Ji
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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28
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Zhang Y, Fang Q, Wang H, Qi J, Sun S, Liao M, Wu Y, Hu Y, Jiang P, Cheng C, Qian X, Tang M, Cao W, Xiang S, Zhang C, Yang J, Gao X, Ying Z, Chai R. Increased mitophagy protects cochlear hair cells from aminoglycoside-induced damage. Autophagy 2023; 19:75-91. [PMID: 35471096 PMCID: PMC9809934 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2062872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides exhibit ototoxicity by damaging mitochondria, which in turn generate reactive oxygen species that induce hair cell death and subsequent hearing loss. It is well known that damaged mitochondria are degraded by mitophagy, an important mitochondrial quality control system that maintains mitochondrial homeostasis and ensures cell survival. However, it is unclear whether dysregulation of mitophagy contributes to aminoglycoside-induced hair cell injury. In the current study, we found that PINK1-PRKN-mediated mitophagy was impaired in neomycin-treated hair cells. Our data suggested that mitochondrial recruitment of PRKN and phagophore recognition of damaged mitochondria during mitophagy were blocked following neomycin treatment. In addition, the degradation of damaged mitochondria by lysosomes was significantly decreased as indicated by the mitophagic flux reporter mt-mKeima. Moreover, we demonstrated that neomycin disrupted mitophagy through transcriptional inhibition of Pink1 expression, the key initiator of mitophagy. Moreover, we found that neomycin impaired mitophagy by inducing ATF3 expression. Importantly, treatment with a mitophagy activator could rescue neomycin-treated hair cells by increasing mitophagy, indicating that genetic modulation or drug intervention in mitophagy may have therapeutic potential for aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.Abbreviations: AAV: adeno-associated virus; ABR: auditory brainstem response; ATF3: activating transcription factor 3; ATOH1/MATH1: atonal bHLH transcription factor 1; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CCCP: carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone; COX4I1/COXIV: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I1; CTBP2/RIBEYE: C-terminal binding protein 2; DFP: deferiprone; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; FOXO3: forkhead box O3; GRIA2/GLUR2: glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA2 (alpha 2); HC: hair cell; HSPD1/HSP60: heat shock protein 1 (chaperonin); IHC: inner hair cell; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MYO7A: myosin VIIA; OPTN: optineurin; OMM: outer mitochondrial membrane; PRKN: parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase; PINK1: PTEN induced putative kinase 1; RT-qPCR: real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; TOMM20/TOM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TUNEL: Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling; USP30: ubiquitin specific peptidase 30; XBP1: X-box binding protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaojun Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieyu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Menghui Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangnan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyun Qian
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingliang Tang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science & Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated, Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shang Xiang
- High School Affiliated To Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated, Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China,Jianming Yang Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xia Gao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu Provincial Key Medical Discipline (Laboratory), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Research Institute of Otolaryngology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Xia Gao Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, No. 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing210008, China
| | - Zheng Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China,Zheng Ying Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu215123, China
| | - Renjie Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Regeneration and Repair, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China,CONTACT Renjie Chai State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Jiangsu Province High-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-Medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
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Abstract
Mitochondria are crucial organelles that play a central role in various cell signaling and metabolic pathways. A healthy mitochondrial population is maintained through a series of quality control pathways and requires a fine-tuned balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation. Defective targeting of dysfunctional mitochondria to lysosomes through mitophagy has been linked to several diseases, but the underlying mechanisms and the relative importance of distinct mitophagy pathways in vivo are largely unknown. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we describe our current understanding of how parts of, or whole, mitochondria are recognized by the autophagic machinery and targeted to lysosomes for degradation. We also discuss how this might be regulated under different physiological conditions to maintain mitochondrial and cellular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G. Ganley
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
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30
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Tsefou E, Ketteler R. Targeting Deubiquitinating Enzymes (DUBs) That Regulate Mitophagy via Direct or Indirect Interaction with Parkin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12105. [PMID: 36292958 PMCID: PMC9603086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality control of mitochondria is critical for the survival of cells, and defects in the pathways required for this quality control can lead to severe disease. A key quality control mechanism in cells is mitophagy, which functions to remove damaged mitochondria under conditions of various stresses. Defective mitophagy can lead to a number of diseases including neurodegeneration. It has been proposed that an enhancement of mitophagy can improve cell survival, enhance neuronal function in neurodegeneration and extend health and lifespans. In this review, we highlight the role of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) in the regulation of mitophagy. We summarise the current knowledge on DUBs that regulate mitophagy as drug targets and provide a list of small molecule inhibitors that are valuable tools for the further development of therapeutic strategies targeting the mitophagy pathway in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliona Tsefou
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- UCL:Eisai Therapeutic Innovation Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Robin Ketteler
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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31
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The compartmentalised nature of neuronal mitophagy: molecular insights and implications. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e38. [PMID: 36172898 PMCID: PMC9884780 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial network and the ability to adjust organelle population in response to internal or external stimuli are essential for the function and the survival of eukaryotic cells. Over the last two decades several studies have demonstrated the paramount importance of mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy that removes damaged and/or superfluous organelles, in organismal physiology. Post-mitotic neuronal cells are particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial damage, and mitophagy impairment has emerged as a causative factor in multiple neurodegenerative pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease among others. Although mitochondrial turnover is a multifaceted process, neurons have to tackle additional complications, arising from their pronounced bioenergetic demands and their unique architecture and cellular polarisation that render the degradation of distal organelles challenging. Mounting evidence indicates that despite the functional conservation of mitophagy pathways, the unique features of neuronal physiology have led to the adaptation of compartmentalised solutions, which serve to ensure seamless mitochondrial removal in every part of the cell. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge concerning the molecular mechanisms that mediate mitophagy compartmentalisation and discuss their implications in various human pathologies.
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32
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Tripathi R, Gupta R, Sahu M, Srivastava D, Das A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Free radical biology in neurological manifestations: mechanisms to therapeutics interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62160-62207. [PMID: 34617231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements and growing attention about free radicals (ROS) and redox signaling enable the scientific fraternity to consider their involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurological defects. Free radicals increase the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the biological system through different endogenous sources and thus increased the overall oxidative stress. An increase in oxidative stress causes cell death through different signaling mechanisms such as mitochondrial impairment, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, inflammation, negative regulation of protein, and lipid peroxidation. Thus, an appropriate balance between free radicals and antioxidants becomes crucial to maintain physiological function. Since the 1brain requires high oxygen for its functioning, it is highly vulnerable to free radical generation and enhanced ROS in the brain adversely affects axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity, which results in neuronal cell death. In addition, increased ROS in the brain alters various signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and microglial activation, DNA damage response, and cell-cycle arrest, leading to memory and learning defects. Mounting evidence suggests the potential involvement of micro-RNAs, circular-RNAs, natural and dietary compounds, synthetic inhibitors, and heat-shock proteins as therapeutic agents to combat neurological diseases. Herein, we explain the mechanism of free radical generation and its role in mitochondrial, protein, and lipid peroxidation biology. Further, we discuss the negative role of free radicals in synaptic plasticity and axonal regeneration through the modulation of various signaling molecules and also in the involvement of free radicals in various neurological diseases and their potential therapeutic approaches. The primary cause of free radical generation is drug overdosing, industrial air pollution, toxic heavy metals, ionizing radiation, smoking, alcohol, pesticides, and ultraviolet radiation. Excessive generation of free radicals inside the cell R1Q1 increases reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which causes oxidative damage. An increase in oxidative damage alters different cellular pathways and processes such as mitochondrial impairment, DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and inflammatory response, leading to pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disease other neurological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Devesh Srivastava
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
- , Delhi, India.
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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33
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Liu Y, Wang M, Hou XO, Hu LF. Roles of microglial mitophagy in neurological disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:979869. [PMID: 36034136 PMCID: PMC9399802 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.979869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the resident innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that serve as the first line innate immunity in response to pathogen invasion, ischemia and other pathological stimuli. Once activated, they rapidly release a variety of inflammatory cytokines and phagocytose pathogens or cell debris (termed neuroinflammation), which is beneficial for maintaining brain homeostasis if appropriately activated. However, excessive or uncontrolled neuroinflammation may damage neurons and exacerbate the pathologies in neurological disorders. Microglia are highly dynamic cells, dependent on energy supply from mitochondria. Moreover, dysfunctional mitochondria can serve as a signaling platform to facilitate innate immune responses in microglia. Mitophagy is a means of clearing damaged or redundant mitochondria, playing a critical role in the quality control of mitochondrial homeostasis and turnover. Mounting evidence has shown that mitophagy not only limits the inflammatory response in microglia but also affects their phagocytosis, whereas mitochondria dysfunction and mitophagy defects are associated with aging and neurological disorders. Therefore, targeting microglial mitophagy is a promising therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders. This article reviews and highlights the role and regulation of mitophagy in microglia in neurological conditions, and the research progress in manipulating microglial mitophagy and future directions in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Hou
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Ou Hou,
| | - Li-Fang Hu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Li-Fang Hu,
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34
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Zhuang D, Zhang R, Liu H, Dai Y. A Small Natural Molecule S3 Protects Retinal Ganglion Cells and Promotes Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy against Excitotoxicity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154957. [PMID: 35956907 PMCID: PMC9370668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity may contribute to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, leading to irreversible blindness. Growing evidence has linked impaired mitochondrial quality control with RGCs degeneration, while parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, has proved to be protective and promotes mitophagy in RGCs against excitotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to explore whether a small molecule S3 could modulate parkin-mediated mitophagy and has therapeutic potential for RGCs. The results showed that as an inhibitor of deubiquitinase USP30, S3 protected cultured RGCs and improved mitochondrial health against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Administration of S3 promoted the parkin expression and its downstream mitophagy-related proteins in RGCs. An upregulated ubiquitination level of Mfn2 and protein level of OPA1 were also observed in S3-treated RGCs, while parkin knockdown resulted in a major loss of the protective effect of S3 on RGCs under excitotoxicity. These findings demonstrated that S3 promoted RGC survival mainly through enhancing parkin-mediated mitophagy against excitotoxicity. The neuroprotective value of S3 in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China
- Correspondence:
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35
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Sola P, Krishnamurthy PT, Kumari M, Byran G, Gangadharappa HV, Garikapati KK. Neuroprotective approaches to halt Parkinson's disease progression. Neurochem Int 2022; 158:105380. [PMID: 35718278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most significant threats in Parkinson's disease (PD) is neurodegeneration. Neurodegeneration at both nigral as well as non-nigral regions of the brain is considered responsible for disease progression in PD. The key factors that initiate neurodegeneration are oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial complex-1 inhibition, and abnormal α-synuclein (SNCA) protein aggregations. Nigral neurodegeneration results in motor symptoms (tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, shuffling gait, and postural instability) whereas; non-nigral neurodegeneration is responsible for non-motor symptoms (depression, cognitive dysfunctions, sleep disorders, hallucination, and psychosis). The available therapies for PD aim at increasing dopamine levels. The medications such as Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors, catechol o-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, Dopamine precursor (Levodopa), dopamine agonists, and dopamine reuptake inhibitors drastically improve the motor symptoms and quality of life only in the early stages of the disease. However, dopa resistant motor symptoms (abnormality in posture, speech impediment, gait, and balance problems), dopa resistant non-motor signs (sleep problems, autonomic dysfunction, mood, and cognitive impairment, pain), and drug-related side effects (motor fluctuations, psychosis, and dyskinesias) are considered responsible for the failure of these therapies. Further, none of the treatments, alone or in combination, are capable of halting the disease progression in the long run. Therefore, there is a need to develop safe and efficient neuroprotective agents, which can slow or stop the disease progression for the better management of PD. In this review, an effort has been made to discuss the various mechanisms responsible for progressive neurodegeneration (disease progression) in PD and also multiple strategies available for halting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyong Sola
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India.
| | - Mamta Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | - Gowramma Byran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
| | | | - Kusuma Kumari Garikapati
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, 643001, India
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36
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Eldeeb MA, Esmaili M, Hassan M, Ragheb MA. The Role of PTEN-L in Modulating PINK1-Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy. Neurotox Res 2022; 40:1103-1114. [PMID: 35699891 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-022-00475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An inherent challenge that mitochondria face is the continuous exposure to diverse stresses which increase their likelihood of dysregulation. In response, human cells have evolved sophisticated quality control mechanisms to identify and eliminate abnormal dysfunctional mitochondria. One pivotal mitochondrial quality control pathway is PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy which mediates the selective removal of the dysfunctional mitochondria from the cell by autophagy. PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) is a mitochondrial Ser/Thr kinase that was originally identified as a gene responsible for autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Notably, upon failure of mitochondrial import, Parkin, another autosomal-recessive PD gene, is recruited to mitochondria and mediates the autophagic clearance of deregulated mitochondria. Importantly, recruitment of Parkin to damaged mitochondria hinges on the accumulation of PINK1 on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM). Normally, PINK1 is imported from the cytosol through the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, a large multimeric channel responsible for the import of most mitochondrial proteins. After import, PINK1 is rapidly degraded. Thus, at steady-state, PINK1 levels are kept low. However, upon mitochondrial import failure, PINK1 accumulates and forms a high-molecular weight > 700 kDa complex with TOM on the OMM. Thus, PINK1 functions as sensor, tagging dysfunctional mitochondria for Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Although much has been learned about the function of PINK1 in mitophagy, the biochemical and structural basis of negative regulation of PINK1 operation and functions is far from clear. Recent work unveiled new players as PTEN-l as negative regulator of PINK1 function. Herein, we review key aspects of mitophagy and PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy with highlighting the role of negative regulation of PINK1 function and presenting some of the key future directions in PD cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Eldeeb
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mansoore Esmaili
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Marwa Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ragheb
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry Division, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Ubiquitin-specific protease 35 (USP35) mediates cisplatin-induced apoptosis by stabilizing BIRC3 in non-small cell lung cancer. J Transl Med 2022; 102:524-533. [PMID: 35022505 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 35 (USP35) is a member of the ubiquitin-specific protease family (USP), which influences the progression of multiple cancers by deubiquitinating a variety of substrates. In recent years, the specific role of USP35 was begun to be understood. In this study, we investigated the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of USP35 in chemoresistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to cisplatin. Depletion of USP35 increased the sensitivity of NSCLC to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. We screened and identified a potential substrate of USP35, baculoviral IAP repeat containing 3 (BIRC3). Overexpression of USP35 in H460 cells increased the abundance of BIRC3, while USP35 knockdown in Anip973 cells decreased BIRC3 abundance. Notably, USP35 directly interacted with and stabilized BIRC3 through lys48-mediated polyubiquitination via its deubiquitinating enzyme activity. USP35 alleviated cisplatin-induced cell apoptosis by regulating BIRC3 levels in NSCLC cells. Moreover, a significant positive correlation between USP35 and BIRC3 protein expression levels was observed in human NSCLC tissues. Taken together, USP35 plays a vital role in resistance to cisplatin-induced cell death through the overexpression of BIRC3. USP35 might be a potentially novel therapeutic target in human NSCLC.
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38
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Eldeeb MA, Thomas RA, Ragheb MA, Fallahi A, Fon EA. Mitochondrial quality control in health and in Parkinson's disease. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:1721-1755. [PMID: 35466694 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As a central hub for cellular metabolism and intracellular signalling, the mitochondrion is a pivotal organelle, dysfunction of which has been linked to several human diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, and in particular Parkinson's disease. An inherent challenge that mitochondria face is the continuous exposure to diverse stresses which increase their likelihood of dysregulation. In response, eukaryotic cells have evolved sophisticated quality control mechanisms to monitor, identify, repair and/or eliminate abnormal or misfolded proteins within the mitochondrion and/or the dysfunctional mitochondrion itself. Chaperones identify unstable or otherwise abnormal conformations in mitochondrial proteins and can promote their refolding to recover their correct conformation and stability. However, if repair is not possible, the abnormal protein is selectively degraded to prevent potentially damaging interactions with other proteins or its oligomerization into toxic multimeric complexes. The autophagic-lysosomal system and the ubiquitin-proteasome system mediate the selective and targeted degradation of such abnormal or misfolded protein species. Mitophagy (a specific kind of autophagy) mediates the selective elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria, in order to prevent the deleterious effects the dysfunctional organelles within the cell. Despite our increasing understanding of the molecular responses toward dysfunctional mitochondria, many key aspects remain relatively poorly understood. Herein, we review the emerging mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control including quality control strategies coupled to mitochondrial import mechanisms. In addition, we review the molecular mechanisms regulating mitophagy with an emphasis on the regulation of PINK1/PARKIN-mediated mitophagy in cellular physiology and in the context of Parkinson's disease cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Eldeeb
- McGill Parkinson Program, Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rhalena A Thomas
- McGill Parkinson Program, Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mohamed A Ragheb
- Chemistry Department (Biochemistry Division), Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Armaan Fallahi
- McGill Parkinson Program, Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edward A Fon
- McGill Parkinson Program, Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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39
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Atypical Ubiquitination and Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073705. [PMID: 35409068 PMCID: PMC8998352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination (the covalent attachment of ubiquitin molecules to target proteins) is one of the main post-translational modifications of proteins. Historically, the type of polyubiquitination, which involves K48 lysine residues of the monomeric ubiquitin, was the first studied type of ubiquitination. It usually targets proteins for their subsequent proteasomal degradation. All the other types of ubiquitination, including monoubiquitination; multi-monoubiquitination; and polyubiquitination involving lysine residues K6, K11, K27, K29, K33, and K63 and N-terminal methionine, were defined as atypical ubiquitination (AU). Good evidence now exists that AUs, participating in the regulation of various cellular processes, are crucial for the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). These AUs target various proteins involved in PD pathogenesis. The K6-, K27-, K29-, and K33-linked polyubiquitination of alpha-synuclein, the main component of Lewy bodies, and DJ-1 (another PD-associated protein) is involved in the formation of insoluble aggregates. Multifunctional protein kinase LRRK2 essential for PD is subjected to K63- and K27-linked ubiquitination. Mitophagy mediated by the ubiquitin ligase parkin is accompanied by K63-linked autoubiquitination of parkin itself and monoubiquitination and polyubiquitination of mitochondrial proteins with the formation of both classical K48-linked ubiquitin chains and atypical K6-, K11-, K27-, and K63-linked polyubiquitin chains. The ubiquitin-specific proteases USP30, USP33, USP8, and USP15, removing predominantly K6-, K11-, and K63-linked ubiquitin conjugates, antagonize parkin-mediated mitophagy.
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Wang F, Gao Y, Zhou L, Chen J, Xie Z, Ye Z, Wang Y. USP30: Structure, Emerging Physiological Role, and Target Inhibition. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:851654. [PMID: 35308234 PMCID: PMC8927814 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.851654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 30 (USP30) is a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) belonging to the USP subfamily, which was found localized in the mitochondrial outer membrane and peroxisomes owing to its unique transmembrane domain. Structural study revealed that USP30 employed a unique catalytic triad and molecular architecture to preferentially cleave the Lys6 linked ubiquitin chains. USP30 plays an essential role in several cellular events, such as the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, pexophagy, BAX/BAK-dependent apoptosis, and IKKβ–USP30–ACLY-regulated lipogenesis/tumorigenesis, and is tightly regulated by post-translational modification including phosphorylation and mono-ubiquitination. Dysregulation of USP30 is associated with a range of physiological disorders, such as neurodegenerative disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, pulmonary disorders, and peroxisome biogenesis disorders. Nowadays, scientists and many biopharmaceutical companies are making much effort to explore USP30 inhibitors including natural compounds, phenylalanine derivatives, N-cyano pyrrolidines, benzosulphonamide, and other compounds. For the treatment of pulmonary disorders, the study in Mission Therapeutics of USP30 inhibitor is already in the pre-clinical stage. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the structure, regulation, emerging physiological role, and target inhibition of USP30, hoping to prompt further investigation and understanding of it.
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Role of Mitophagy in the Pathogenesis of Stroke: From Mechanism to Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6232902. [PMID: 35265262 PMCID: PMC8898771 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6232902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria can supply adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to the tissue, which can regulate metabolism during the pathologic process and is also involved in the pathophysiology of neuronal injury after stroke. Recent studies have suggested that selective autophagy could play important roles in the pathophysiological process of stroke, especially mitophagy. It is usually mediated by the PINK1/Parkin-independent pathway or PINK1/Parkin-dependent pathway. Moreover, mitophagy may be a potential target in the therapy of stroke because the control of mitophagy is neuroprotective in stroke in vitro and in vivo. In this review, we briefly summarize recent researches in mitophagy, introduce the role of mitophagy in the pathogenesis of stroke, then highlight the strategies targeting mitophagy in the treatment of stroke, and finally propose several issues in the treatment of stroke by targeting mitophagy.
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Choi HS, Baek KH. Pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic regulation mediated by deubiquitinating enzymes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:117. [PMID: 35118522 PMCID: PMC11071826 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although damaged cells can be repaired, cells that are considered unlikely to be repaired are eliminated through apoptosis, a type of predicted cell death found in multicellular organisms. Apoptosis is a structured cell death involving alterations to the cell morphology and internal biochemical changes. This process involves the expansion and cracking of cells, changes in cell membranes, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosome cleavage, culminating in the damaged cells being eaten and processed by other cells. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a major cellular pathway that regulates the protein levels through proteasomal degradation. This review proposes that apoptotic proteins are regulated through the UPS and describes a unique direction for cancer treatment by controlling proteasomal degradation of apoptotic proteins, and small molecules targeted to enzymes associated with UPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Seul Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13488, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Baek
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, 335 Pangyo-Ro, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13488, Republic of Korea.
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Opstad IS, Godtliebsen G, Ahluwalia BS, Myrmel T, Agarwal K, Birgisdottir ÅB. Mitochondrial dynamics and quantification of mitochondria-derived vesicles in cardiomyoblasts using structured illumination microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100305. [PMID: 34766731 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential energy-providing organelles of particular importance in energy-demanding tissue such as the heart. The production of mitochondria-derived vesicles (MDVs) is a cellular mechanism by which cells ensure a healthy pool of mitochondria. These vesicles are small and fast-moving objects not easily captured by imaging. In this work, we have tested the ability of the optical super-resolution technique 3DSIM to capture high-resolution images of MDVs. We optimized the imaging conditions both for high-speed video microscopy and fixed-cell imaging and analysis. From the 3DSIM videos, we observed an abundance of MDVs and many dynamic mitochondrial tubules. The density of MDVs in cells was compared for cells under normal growth conditions and cells during metabolic perturbation. Our results indicate a higher abundance of MDVs in H9c2 cells during glucose deprivation compared with cells under normal growth conditions. Furthermore, the results reveal a large untapped potential of 3DSIM in MDV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida S Opstad
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gustav Godtliebsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Balpreet Singh Ahluwalia
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Truls Myrmel
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Krishna Agarwal
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Åsa Birna Birgisdottir
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Boulton DP, Caino MC. Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion in Tumor Progression to Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:849962. [PMID: 35356277 PMCID: PMC8959575 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.849962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles which can change their shape, via processes termed fission and fusion, in order to adapt to different environmental and developmental contexts. Due to the importance of these processes in maintaining a physiologically healthy pool of mitochondria, aberrant cycles of fission/fusion are often seen in pathological contexts. In this review we will discuss how dysregulated fission and fusion promote tumor progression. We focus on the molecular mechanisms involved in fission and fusion, discussing how altered mitochondrial fission and fusion change tumor cell growth, metabolism, motility, and invasion and, finally how changes to these tumor-cell intrinsic phenotypes directly and indirectly impact tumor progression to metastasis. Although this is an emerging field of investigation, the current consensus is that mitochondrial fission positively influences metastatic potential in a broad variety of tumor types. As mitochondria are now being investigated as vulnerable targets in a variety of cancer types, we underscore the importance of their dynamic nature in potentiating tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon P Boulton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States.,Pharmacology Graduate Program, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - M Cecilia Caino
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs): decipher underlying basis of neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:259-268. [PMID: 34285347 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01233-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the aggregation of neurotoxic proteins in the central nervous system. Aberrant protein accumulation in NDs is largely caused by the dysfunction of the two principal protein catabolism pathways, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). The two protein quality control pathways are bridged by ubiquitination, a post-translational modification that can induce protein degradation via both the UPS and the ALP. Perturbed ubiquitination leads to the formation of toxic aggregates and inclusion bodies that are deleterious to neurons. Ubiquitination is promoted by a cascade of ubiquitinating enzymes and counter-regulated by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). As fine-tuning regulators of ubiquitination and protein degradation, DUBs modulate the stability of ND-associated pathogenic proteins including amyloid β protein, Tau, and α-synuclein. Besides, DUBs also influence ND-associated mitophagy, protein secretion, and neuroinflammation. Given the various and critical functions of DUBs in NDs, DUBs may become potential therapeutic targets for NDs.
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Park GH, Park JH, Chung KC. Precise control of mitophagy through ubiquitin proteasome system and deubiquitin proteases and their dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. BMB Rep 2021. [PMID: 34674795 PMCID: PMC8728543 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2021.54.12.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly population and is caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. PD has been predominantly attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction. The structural alteration of α-synuclein triggers toxic oligomer formation in the neurons, which greatly contributes to PD. In this article, we discuss the role of several familial PD-related proteins, such as α-synuclein, DJ-1, LRRK2, PINK1, and parkin in mitophagy, which entails a selective degradation of mitochondria via autophagy. Defective changes in mitochondrial dynamics and their biochemical and functional interaction induce the formation of toxic α-synuclein-containing protein aggregates in PD. In addition, these gene products play an essential role in ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS)-mediated proteolysis as well as mitophagy. Interestingly, a few deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) additionally modulate these two pathways negatively or positively. Based on these findings, we summarize the close relationship between several DUBs and the precise modulation of mitophagy. For example, the USP8, USP10, and USP15, among many DUBs are reported to specifically regulate the K48- or K63-linked de-ubiquitination reactions of several target proteins associated with the mitophagic process, in turn upregulating the mitophagy and protecting neuronal cells from α-synuclein-derived toxicity. In contrast, USP30 inhibits mitophagy by opposing parkin-mediated ubiquitination of target proteins. Furthermore, the association between these changes and PD pathogenesis will be discussed. Taken together, although the functional roles of several PD-related genes have yet to be fully understood, they are substantially associated with mitochondrial quality control as well as UPS. Therefore, a better understanding of their relationship provides valuable therapeutic clues for appropriate management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Hyun Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Joon Hyung Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Iorio R, Celenza G, Petricca S. Mitophagy: Molecular Mechanisms, New Concepts on Parkin Activation and the Emerging Role of AMPK/ULK1 Axis. Cells 2021; 11:30. [PMID: 35011593 PMCID: PMC8750607 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifunctional subcellular organelles essential for cellular energy homeostasis and apoptotic cell death. It is, therefore, crucial to maintain mitochondrial fitness. Mitophagy, the selective removal of dysfunctional mitochondria by autophagy, is critical for regulating mitochondrial quality control in many physiological processes, including cell development and differentiation. On the other hand, both impaired and excessive mitophagy are involved in the pathogenesis of different ageing-associated diseases such as neurodegeneration, cancer, myocardial injury, liver disease, sarcopenia and diabetes. The best-characterized mitophagy pathway is the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-dependent pathway. However, other Parkin-independent pathways are also reported to mediate the tethering of mitochondria to the autophagy apparatuses, directly activating mitophagy (mitophagy receptors and other E3 ligases). In addition, the existence of molecular mechanisms other than PINK1-mediated phosphorylation for Parkin activation was proposed. The adenosine5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is emerging as a key player in mitochondrial metabolism and mitophagy. Beyond its involvement in mitochondrial fission and autophagosomal engulfment, its interplay with the PINK1-Parkin pathway is also reported. Here, we review the recent advances in elucidating the canonical molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that regulate mitophagy, focusing on the early role and spatial specificity of the AMPK/ULK1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Iorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (G.C.); (S.P.)
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Investigation of USP30 inhibition to enhance Parkin-mediated mitophagy: tools and approaches. Biochem J 2021; 478:4099-4118. [PMID: 34704599 PMCID: PMC8718267 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in Parkinson disease (PD). Mutations in Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, can cause juvenile-onset Parkinsonism, probably through impairment of mitophagy. Inhibition of the de-ubiquitinating enzyme USP30 may counter this effect to enhance mitophagy. Using different tools and cellular approaches, we wanted to independently confirm this claimed role for USP30. Pharmacological characterisation of additional tool compounds that selectively inhibit USP30 are reported. The consequence of USP30 inhibition by these compounds, siRNA knockdown and overexpression of dominant-negative USP30 on the mitophagy pathway in different disease-relevant cellular models was explored. Knockdown and inhibition of USP30 showed increased p-Ser65-ubiquitin levels and mitophagy in neuronal cell models. Furthermore, patient-derived fibroblasts carrying pathogenic mutations in Parkin showed reduced p-Ser65-ubiquitin levels compared with wild-type cells, levels that could be restored using either USP30 inhibitor or dominant-negative USP30 expression. Our data provide additional support for USP30 inhibition as a regulator of the mitophagy pathway.
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Ke PY. Autophagy and antiviral defense. IUBMB Life 2021; 74:317-338. [PMID: 34859938 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeting intracellular components for lysosomal degradation by autophagy not only maintains cellular homeostasis but also counteracts the effects of external stimuli, including invading pathogens. Among various kinds of pathogens, viruses have been extensively shown to induce autophagy to benefit viral growth in infected cells and to modulate host defense responses, such as innate antiviral immunity. Recently, numerous lines of evidence have implied that virus-induced autophagy triggers multilayer mechanisms to regulate the innate antiviral response of host cells, thus promoting a balance in virus-host cell interactions. In this review, the detailed mechanisms underlying autophagy and the innate antiviral immune response are first described. Then, I summarize the current information regarding the diverse functional role(s) of autophagy in the control of antiviral defenses against different types of viral infections. Moreover, the physiological significance of autophagy-regulated antiviral responses on the viral life cycle and the potential autophagy alterations induced by virus-associated antiviral signaling is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Ke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.,Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
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50
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Wang N, Li J, Xin Q, Xu N. USP30-AS1 contributes to mitochondrial quality control in glioblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 581:31-37. [PMID: 34653676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most serious type of brain cancer with poor prognosis. Here, using the publicly available glioma database, we identified that USP30-AS1, an antisense lncRNA locating on the opposite strand of USP30 locus, is upregulated in human gliomas, particularly in high grade glioma. High level of USP30-AS1 is correlated with poor survival in both primary and recurrent glioma patients. USP30-AS1 regulates mitochondrial homeostasis and mitophagy in glioblastoma cells. Knockdown of USP30-AS1 decreases mitochondrial protein expression and mitochondrial mass, promotes mitochondrial uncoupler-induced mitophagy. However, USP30-AS1 does not regulate USP30 expression in a cis-regulatory manner. In summary, this study proposed that USP30-AS1 may serve as a valuable prognostic marker for gliomas. USP3-AS1 is a negative regulator of mitophagy and the regulatory effect is USP30-independent. USP30-AS1 mediated repression of mitophagy may contribute to the loss of mitochondrial homeostasis and tumor development in glioma.
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MESH Headings
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/mortality
- Brain Neoplasms/pathology
- Carbonyl Cyanide p-Trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Computational Biology
- Databases, Genetic
- Disease Progression
- Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics
- Electron Transport Complex IV/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Glioblastoma/genetics
- Glioblastoma/metabolism
- Glioblastoma/mortality
- Glioblastoma/pathology
- Humans
- Mitochondria/drug effects
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Precursor Protein Import Complex Proteins/metabolism
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Mitophagy/drug effects
- Mitophagy/genetics
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/metabolism
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neuroglia/drug effects
- Neuroglia/metabolism
- Neuroglia/pathology
- Prognosis
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Survival Analysis
- Thiolester Hydrolases/genetics
- Thiolester Hydrolases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenesis, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Hankou Hospital, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Qilei Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenesis, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Naihan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenesis, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Open FIESTA Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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